Endocrine SystemInsulin

Feedback MechanismsPancreatic Cells:

Beta Cell

• Jovonne Carr• Cheyenne Hockenhull

http://aaronshelley.com/the-endocrine-system-exerciser-perspective/

http://www.surgery.usc.edu/hepatobiliary/pg-pancreastransplant-aboutthepancreas.html

VocabularyO Homeostasis- the steady state physiological

condition of the bodyO Hormone- a chemical signal that is secreted

into the extracellular fluid and communicate

O Endocrine system- contains hormone secreting cells (homeostasis)

O Islet cells- clusters of pancreatic cellsO Insulin- a hormone produced by the

pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood

The Endocrine SystemO The endocrine system controls the body’s

functions.1. Hormones are produced in this system to

maintain the tissues and organs in your body. O Glands and organs play a huge role in the

system. 1. These produce the hormones that help keep

the body functioning.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/endocrinesystem.html

Pancreas FunctionO Exocrine cells (acinar cells) produce

enzymes to help with digestion O Endocrine cells (islet cells) release

hormones, insulin and glucagon, into the blood stream. This helps control blood sugar levels.

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/0/07/Pancreas_cartoon.jpg

Cell SignalingO In the pancreas, the signals received by the cells are very

important.1. The signals contribute to the regulation of sugar levels in the

blood. 2. The alpha cell gets a signal that there is not enough glucose,

which triggers the production of glucagon.3. The beta cell gets a signal that there is a rise in the level of sugar

and the blood and releases / makes insulin to lower the level. BETA CELLO Insulin is the “signal” initiated by the beta cell’s reaction to glucose

in the blood. O The target is the lowering of the blood glucose level. This is caused

by the insulin making many other organs and tissues use the glucose to lower the level.

O The transduction pathway is a simple endocrine pathway. The receptor is in the cell membrane (edge of cell).

http://www.wonderwhizkids.com/index.php/biology/human-physiology/endocrine-reproductive-system

http://www.tamaraclark.com/betacell.html

Beta Cell producing insulin after it detects glucose.

DiabetesO Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune

disease that causes the body to have a lack of insulin

O Normal functioning cell: produces correct amounts of insulin which in turn opens up cells so they can take in sugar and use as energy source.

O Diabetic cell: has problem taking up glucose. That means the sugar remains in the blood.

A Day At GHSO Have daily injections of insulin, dose

calculated exactlyO Watch what they eat (not too much

or too little sugar)O Stay healthy

http://drugdiscovery.com/upimages/1376167197_blood_sugar_testing.jpg

HomeostasisO Homeostasis- tendency of a system to

maintain internal stability O The endocrine system maintains

homeostasis in the body by regulating factors such as growth, development, and reproduction through the production of hormones.

O Specifically, the pancreas’s Islet of Langerhans contains multiple cells that each contribute to the regulation of blood sugar levels.

1. Production of insulin or glucagon, depending on the situation, are vital to the regulation of the levels.

HomeostasisO The alpha and beta cells release glucagon or insulin to regulate

the level of sugar in the blood, thus resulting in homeostasis.

O Interactions between the nervous and endocrine system1. Both the nervous and endocrine systems have to do with

regulation of body functionsO The neurosecretory cells release hormones into the blood,

which is similar to the endocrine system. O There are many chemicals that are hormones in both systems. O Both systems interact to regulate a number of physiological

processes in the body.

http://lvs-biology.wikispaces.com/Nervous+system

Evolutionary Trend

http://www.betacell.org/content/articlepanelview/article_id/13/panel_id/1