endangered ecosystem kami 3 (1)

7/27/2019 Endangered Ecosystem Kami 3 (1)

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Instructional Technology Practices(PGT 201E)

Group Coursework:

Multimedia Slide Presentation With PowerPoint

Semester 1-2008/2009

Prepared for: Dr.Rozinah Jamaludin

Pn. Rohaya Abdullah

Prepared by:

Noor Inayah binti Abd Aziz (94834)

Nur Suhadah binti Khuzaini (94871)

Sharifah Nor Aida binti Sayed Ahmad (94906)



ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

• INTRODUCTION OF ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

• HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT ENDANGERED AN

ECOSYSTEM

• IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE

ECOSYSTEM

•

EFFECT OF UNPLANNED DEVELOPMENT ANDMISMANAGEMENT OF THE ECOSYSTEM



•Trees are known to have stabilish influence on thecomposition of the atmosphere, the climate and thesoil.

•Nowadays, trees are cut down and forest are cleared

at a faster rate than they are replaced. Our ecosystemare now in danger.

•Many negative effects have begun to affect the life of humans and other organisms.

•As an individual, you can choose to be a part of nature and care for it or be a destroyer.

•Which do you choose? Are you aware of theconsequences of your choice?

INTRODUCTION OF ENDANGERED

ECOSYSTEM

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HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT ENDANGERD

ECOSYSTEM

• The size of the human population has been rising exponentially. The

effect of human activities on the environment is proportional to the

size of the human population.

• Since older days, human hunted, fished and removed trees to make

shelters. Humans too kept animals such as sheep, cattle, and goats

to graze on vast areas of grasslands, harming the ecosystem.

• Human cleared much forest to provide a greater area for

agriculture. Continue farming on the same piece of land depletesthe land of nutrients, thus, forming desert when abandoned by

man.

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•At present, humans have the population size, technologyand cultural inclination to alter the ecosystem. Industrial

revolution, expectation of better living conditions and better

modes of transport has led to building of factories, larger

cities and more roads.

• Among the activities that endangered ecosystem are

agriculture, industrialisation, deforestation and

urbanisation.

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IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE

ECOSYSTEM

• Hunting of animals and harvesting of crops cause extinction of flora

and fauna.

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• use of pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers in agriculture lead

to population and harm the organisms in the farm.

• Building of factories for industrial purposes destroys the

forest. Release of gases such as carbon dioxide, sulphur

dioxide and nitrogen oxides pollute the air.

• Increase in number of houses vehicles give rise to air

pollution, water pollution and noise pollution

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EFFECT OF UNPLANNED DEVELOPMENT AND

MISMANAGEMENT OF THE ECOSYSTEM

• Development is needed to improve the quality of human’s life in theaspects of economy, social, physical, technology and education.

• Expansion of industries, transport network and other living conditions arecarried out at the expense of the environment when they are not properlyplanned and managed.

• The effects of unplanned development and mismanagement of theecosystem include soil erosion, flash flood, landslide, eutrophication andso on.

• DEFORESTATION process a major threat to our forest. Deforestation is theact of clearing of the forest by cutting down trees for its valuable timber,and for building of roads, houses and other uses including stock rearingand agriculture.

• When trees are cut down, the soil surface is exposed directly to the forceof rainfall. The top most fertile layers gets washed away causing soilerossin.

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• Eroded soil may be deposited in rivers. During heavy rain,

rainwater flow quickly into rivers because there is no retention

of water by the roots of the plants. Due to silting in the rivers,the water flow is blocked. Water flows inland causing flash

floods in low land areas.

• Deforestation and unplanned development on slope may cause

soil erosin which leads to landslide.

• Many specise of organisms are facing extinction threat when

their habitats are being cleared.

• In the forest, water taken in by plants is lost through

transpiration. Water vapour condenses and precipitates into

rain. When trees are cut down, there is a reduction of transpiration resulting in fewer clouds and lesser rainfall, the

area becomes hotter and drier.

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• Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases slow down the

loss of infrared radiation from the atmosphere to the spaces. This

caises an increase in temperature of the atmosphere.• Chorofluorocarbons, which are used in the making of aerosol cans,

as coolants in air conditioners, as solvents in electric industry and in

polystyrene are responsible for ozone depletion.

• The use of industrial and agricultural chemicals and dumping of

rubbish into river contribute to water pollution. Eutrophication is a

result of too much of organic salts being washed into lakes,

encouraging the growth of algae. This will block the sunlight from

reaching the inner depth of the lake.

•

Heated waste water from industrial plants and building with glasspanels and cause thermal pollution.

• Air pollution is the result of burning of fuels.

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POLLUTION

• Pollution is an undesirable change in the chemical, physical, or

biological characteristics of the nature.

• Pollutant is any substance that is present an an excessive amount inthe environment as a result of human activities. Pollutants have

damaging effects on our health. They are also harmful to other

living organisms.

• There are four type of pollutant. Air pollution, water pollution,

thermal pollution and noise pollution



TYPES OF POLLUTION

• AIR POLLUTION

• WATER POLLUTION

• THERMAL POLLUTION

• NOISE POLLUTION



AIR POLLUTION

• Air pollution occurs when pollutants including smoke, dirt, dust and

poisonous gasesare released into the air endangering human’s lives

and other living organisms.

• The sources of air pollution are factories, motorised vehicles,

burning, agriculture and using of aerosol cans, air conditioner,refrigerator.

• Pollution also affects agriculture, buildings, and climate.

• Carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogenoxides form acidic

solution when dissolve in water. Sulphur dioxide oxidises and reactwith water forming sulphuric acid, while nitrogen oxides react with

water to form nitric acid. Carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid with

water.

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WATER POLLUTION

• Discharging industrial wastes, agriculture wastes, domestic

wastes and sewage into rivers. Ontribution to water

pollution.

• Thus causing the water to be un safe for human’s

consumption as well endangered the lives of aquatic

organisms.

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• Heavy mental such as mercury and cadmium from

industries are toxic. Eating fish contaminated with mercury

may caused death, blindness and even paralysis.

• On the other hand, eating food contaminated may caused

weakened or deformed bones.

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EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION:-

• EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION ON HUMAN

HEALTH

• EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION ON PLANTS

AND ANIMALS



EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION

ON HUMAN HEALTH

• Raw sewage is likely to contain pathogens. The vibrio bacteria

cause cholera whereas salmonella bacteria cause typhoid

disease.

• Excess unused fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides washed

away by rain water into rivers from the farms are dangerous to

human.

• Dioxin a type of herbicides, may cause miscarriages in women,

physical and mental abnormalities in children, increase the risk

of cancer and skin disoerder.

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EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION

ON PLANTS AND ANIMALS

• Rubbish and oil floating on the surface of the water reduces thepenetration of light and diffusion of oxygen from stmosphere.

• Aquatic plants and animal may die due to lack of oxygen and light.

• Bacteria feeds on sewage. They grow and multiply quickly using a lot of oxygen from the water. Other aquqtic organisms die as a result of decreasing of oxygen concentration.

• Pesticides, insecticides and herbicides present in the water may poisonthe fish.

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• Oil spill is a threat to the aquatic lives. Oil will stick onto the

feathers of birds, thus preventing them for flying. When the

birds try to clean their feathers they may swallow the oil andthis may kill them. It also causes death to birds through

hypothermia.

• Oil will cover the gills of fishes thus affecting their respiration.

• Mineral salt from sewage and fertilisers deposited in lakes or

lower reaches of rivers encourage the growth of algae and

aquatic plants.

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VIDEO OF ENDANGERED

ECOSYSTEM



• The densely populated algae and aquatic plants cover the water

surface to a point where light is unable to penetrate into the

water.

• The submerged algae and aquatic plants in the lake are unable

to photosynthesis and will die due to the lack of oxygen.

• Decmposition of these dead organism by saprophytic bacteria

causes a decrease in oxygen content in the water.



• The whole process is called eutrophication

• Eutrophication increasesthe biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

value in the water.

• BOD is the amount of oxygen needed by microorganisms to

decompose the organic matter in the water.

• The higher the BOD the more polluted the water.



THERMAL POLLUTION

• Thermal pollution is caused by the discharged of warm water from

industries, generators in power station, reactor stations and

reflection of heat from glass building resulting in excess heat in the

environment.

• Many industries use water foe cooling the machines. Electricity

generating stations use steam to drive the turbines. The warm

water is discharged to rivers at a higher temperature of 10c.

•

• Warm water holds less oxygen. This effects the life of a aquatic

organisms. Many aquatic organisms move away from the water.

Some may even die.

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NOISE POLLUTION

• When the surrounding noise level reches 80 dB or more, it causesdiscomfort and affects the human health. WHO recommends

anoise level ofnot more than 55 dB.

• When someone is exposed to a noiselevel to 80 dB or more or

along period of time, he may suffer from headache, emoyional and

mental disturbances and in certain cases, may cause defness.

• Sources of noise pollution are, vehicles, jet planes, construction

sites, entertainment outlets and machines.

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GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND

THINNING OF THE OZONE LAYER • GREENHOUSE EFFECT

• Energy from the sun reaches the earth through radiation.

Some of this radiation is absorbed by the earth to warm the

surfaces of sea and land, as the earth warms up, heat in the

form of infrared radiation is emitted back to the space.

• However, much of this radiation is prevented from escaping to

the space by certain gases such as carbon dioxide,methane.

These gases particularly carbon dioxide absorb the infrared

radiation. As a result the heat is radiated back to the Earthsurface, warming the earth further.

• http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/greenhouse

/

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/greenhouse/







THINNING OF THE OZONE LAYER • This effect is similar to a greenhouse used in farming, it is usually found in

temperature countries, whereby the glass of the greenhouse traps the

heat of the sun to keep the soil and air warm

•

The phenomena of over warming of the earth ia known as a greenhouseeffect.

• The increase in carbon dioxide levels are due to combustion of fossil fuils,

mainly coal and deforestation and open burning.

• Some scientist predicted that the earth temperature cuold rise 1.5oc to

4.50c by 2030.




THINNING OF THE OZONE LAYER • With the thinning of the ozone layer, more UV radiation reaches the earth

surface. The following are the effects of ozone depletion on the

environment, include increase in surrounding temperature, change in

wind directions, change in climate. On plants, damage to crops due to over

exposure to UV, and damage of the phytoplantons. On human health, they

will get skin cancer, cataract, and weakened immune system



THE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL

WARMING ARE:-

• Rise in a see level due to melting to ice

• Flood inlowlands

• Climatic change

• Drought

• Dry and interfile soil

THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER



THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER

MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITIES AND THE ECOSYSTEM

• Development activities must be properly managed to protect the

plants and animals and to maintain a stablebalanced

ecosystem.measures that taken include, implementation of lzws to

reduce pollution, use of technology, formal and informal education

sterssing on the concept of recycling to conserve nonrenewable

resources, reducing and reusing, preservation and conservation to

reduce environmental pollution and to protect plant and animal

species, especially those in danger of extinction, biological controlto reduce excessive usage of pestices, and efficient use of energy

and using renewable energy, for example solar energy, hydroelectric

power and wind power.



THE END

endangered ecosystem kami 3 (1)

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