end-user driven renovation: an energy perspective james o'donnell.pdf · end-user driven...
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End-User Driven Renovation: An Energy Perspective
James O'Donnell
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and UCD Energy Institute
Disruptive technologies act over relatively short timescales
5th Avenue in New York in 1900. Can you spot the car? 5th Avenue in New York in 1913. Can you spot the horse?
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45786690
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Autonomous vehicles have the potential for equally significant disruption
• The technology is almost available today
• Regulation and legislation are key remaining barriers
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Phys.org
Current ride sharing infrastructure offers huge potential for end users
• For example, services such as Uberpool and multi-trip bundles can significantly reduce current travel costs
• Uber claim that HALF the cost of your journey is to pay the driver
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A potential end-user driven scenario: Significantly lower levels of car ownership
• New EVs will last up to 800,000 km and will provide a reliable and on-call service
• The cost of taxis and ride sharing could become so low that car ownership is not cost justifiable.
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Implications for the Electricity Grid
• Fleets of centrally owned EVs could be charged at appropriate points on the grid.
• Significantly lower levels of car ownership could simplify reinforcement of the distribution grid.
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Such a major attitude change may require a little time but there are plenty of precedents
• Smoking Ban
• Plastic shopping bags
• Mobile phone habits
• Drink driving
• Remote working
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Residential Buildings
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Scalable renovation of residential buildings is a key challenge for western society• The challenge is that current renovation rates range from 1-1.5% of
the building stock but rates of 3% are needed
• Many of the technical solutions to Deep-Retrofit exist:
9• BUT end-user (occupier) engagement is key!
Appropriate incentives are one very promising solution to occupier engagement
• Retrofit solutions at neighbourhood scale show the most promise
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https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/oct/10/uk-looks-to-dutch-model-to-make-100000-homes-carbon-neutral-by-2020
Statistical analysis of social housing retrofits shows some interesting results
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Beagon, Paul, Fiona Boland, and James O’Donnell. ‘Quantitative Evaluation of Deep Retrofitted Social Housing Using Metered Gas Data’. Energy and Buildings 170 (1 July 2018): 242–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.04.022.
The analysis also highlighted some other interesting findings
• The energy bills for many of the houses didn’t change after the retrofit but the quality of the indoor environment certainly did (pre-bound effect )
• Numerous secondary benefits…….
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In Ireland SEAI are addressing engagement issues through data-driven solutions
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At the higher end of the residential sector multi-comfort indoor environments are now being marketed
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Thermal Comfort
Visual Comfort
Noise attenuation
Physico-chemical pollutants
Biological pollutants
Water quality
Aesthetics
The key stakeholder needs to be involved far earlier in the life-cycle of a retrofit project
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Li, Yehong, James O’Donnell, Raúl García-Castro, and Sergio Vega-Sánchez. ‘Identifying Stakeholders and Key Performance Indicators for District and Building Energy Performance Analysis’. Energy and Buildings 155 (15 November 2017): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.09.003.
Commercial Buildings
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Typical retrofit projects are based on short term ROI only!
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D. Clements-Croome. Better buildings, better
business. Building Services Journal, 25(11):44–46, 2003. 2, 110
Building Capitial Cost: Employee salary
costs
1:?
Financial Controller is the key
stakeholder
https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-performance-database
US DOE Buildings Performance
Database
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Commercial Buildings
• The Edge: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2015-09-23/see-the-world-s-greenest-office-building-the-edge
• Higher load factors again capitalizing on redundancy
• At the Edge Building, for instance, some 20% of people checked themselves in via the app when it first opened.
• This has now dropped down to as low as 1%.
• The knock-on consequences have been the lack of ability to allocate hot-desk spaces and meeting rooms being double booked or unused.
• It seems people just want to sit in the same place every day with their colleagues.
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This publication has emanated from research conducted with thefinancial support of Science Foundation Ireland under the SFI StrategicPartnership Programme Grant Number SFI/15/SPP/E3125. Theopinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed inthis material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflectthe views of the Science Foundation Ireland.
James O’Donnell
www.esipp.ie