End-User Bitrate Shaping

USER DESCRIPTION

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Copyright

Ericsson AB 20112012. All rights reserved. No part of this document may bereproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright owner.

Disclaimer

The contents of this document are subject to revision without notice due tocontinued progress in methodology, design and manufacturing. Ericsson shallhave no liability for any error or damage of any kind resulting from the useof this document.

Trademark List

All trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.These are shown in the document Trademark Information.

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Contents

Contents

1 Introduction 11.1 Basic Characteristics 31.2 Benefits 31.3 Additional Information 4

2 Feature Operation 52.1 Network Requirements 5

3 Parameters 73.1 Introduced Parameters 73.2 Affected Parameters 7

4 Network Impact 94.1 Capacity 94.2 Coverage 9

5 Associated Features and Affected Functions 115.1 Prerequisite Features 115.2 Affected Features 115.3 Related Features 115.4 Affected System Functions 11

6 Performance 136.1 KPIs 136.2 Counters 136.3 Events 13

7 O&M Information 15

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End-User Bitrate Shaping

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Introduction

1 Introduction

This document describes the End-User Bitrate Shaping feature and its mainbenefits and impacts in the LTE RAN.

The End-User Bitrate Shaping feature takes the Uplink (UL) AggregatedMaximum Bitrate (AMBR) for the non-Guaranteed Bitrate (GBR) bearer andthe UL Maximum Bitrate (MBR) for each GBR bearer as input. Therefore, inthe UL it is possible to shape the traffic to the sum of the maximum aggregatedbit-rate for a specific User Equipment (UE) (AMBR) and the MBR for eachGBR bearer of that UE. The UE-AMBR and the MBRs associated with eachbearer are received over the S1 Application Protocol (S1AP) interface from theMobility Management Entity (MME) and X2AP interface from the eNodeB. Thegranularity of the rate controlled by the MME is 8 kbps.

Figure 1 shows the user plane architecture for the UL. The functions of theEnd-User Bitrate Shaping feature are included in the Scheduler feature.

L0000507A

PDCP

RLC

MAC

Packet Sink

Packet Sink Packet Source

Packet Source

PDCP

RLC

MAC

eNB

UE

Rate Shaper UL

UL Validator

Scheduler

Figure 1 Functional Description of the End-User Bitrate Shaping Featurefor the UL

The End-User Rate Shaping feature implements a Token Bucket algorithm.The basis for this algorithm is that tokens, representing the data volume, areinjected at a constant token rate.

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End-User Bitrate Shaping

The UL UE-AMBR parameter is signaled to the End-User Bitrate Shapingfeature from MME through the interface S1AP by the following messages:

E-RAB SETUP REQUEST

E-RAB MODIFY REQUEST

E-RAB RELEASE COMMAND

INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST

UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUEST

PATCH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE

HANDOVER REQUEST

The UL UE-AMBR parameter is signaled on the X2AP interface by the followingmessage:

HANDOVER REQUEST

The UL MBR parameter for each GBR bearer is signaled from MME throughS1AP by the following messages:

E-RAB SETUP REQUEST

E-RAB MODIFY REQUEST

INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST

HANDOVER REQUEST

The UL MBR parameter for each GBR bearer is signaled on the X2AP by thefollowing message:

HANDOVER REQUEST

More information related to the signaling messages can be found in 3GPP TS36.413 and 3GPP TS36.423.

The tokens accumulate in a bucket, and the maximum allowed tokens, aredefined by the bucket size. The bucket size depends on the token rate and thebucket time. The tokens are consumed by the data packets and if the numberof tokens in the bucket is positive, the packet is transmitted. Each transmissionreduces the number of tokens that amounts to the size of the transmittedpacket. Such mechanism may create a token debt resulting in a negativenumber of tokens in the bucket. In this case, the transmission is delayed. Themaximum allowed delay is 25 ms.

Figure 2 shows the Token Bucket algorithm for the UL. In the UL, the TokenBucket algorithm influences both the GBR and non-GBR bearers.

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Introduction

L0000508A

Token rate

Token bucket

Radiobearers

Bucket size

Figure 2 Token Bucket Algorithm

The End-User Bitrate Shaping supports the possibility to modify any radiobearer associated to a given UE, according to the E-RAB MODIFY REQUESTcommand signaled from the MME.

1.1 Basic CharacteristicsThis section describes the basic characteristics of the feature.

Feature identity:FAJ 221 1745, End-User Bitrate Shaping

Replaces: N/A

Dependencies

This feature affects no other features.

1.2 BenefitsThis section describes the benefits of this feature.

The End-User Bitrate Shaping feature allows a traffic stream to a specific profileto be conformed by delaying packets. The End-User Bitrate Shaping featureacts as a Quality of Service (QoS) enabler and allows for a tiered subscriptionmodel. The End-User Bitrate Shaping feature also limits the throughput forthose users exceeding their subscripted data volume limit.

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End-User Bitrate Shaping

1.3 Additional InformationMore information about related topics can be found in the followingdocumentation:

Scheduler

Quality of Service

Admission Control

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Feature Operation

2 Feature Operation

This section describes the End-User Bitrate Shaping feature in more detail.

The End-User Bitrate Shaping feature in the eNodeB supports the functionalityof the Scheduler feature. More specifically this feature adds the possibility toenforce a rate by regulating the amount of traffic to be sent over the air interface.

The mechanism entails delaying incoming packets using a Token Bucketalgorithm that operates in the UL.

2.1 Network RequirementsThe following must be fulfilled at feature activation:

The End-User Bitrate Shaping feature license must be present.

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End-User Bitrate Shaping

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Parameters

3 Parameters

This section describes parameters introduced by the End-User Bitrate Shapingfeature and parameters affected by activating the feature.

3.1 Introduced ParametersTable 1 describes the parameters introduced by the feature.

Table 1 Introduced ParametersParameter Description

rateShapingActive Indicates whether the End-User Bitrate Shaping featurefunctionality is activated in this cell

The default value is false.

Table 2 describes the licensing parameters introduced by the feature.

Table 2 Licensing ParametersParameter Description

featureStateRateShaping Activates or deactivates the End-User Bitrate Shaping licensedfeature

The attribute value is irrelevant when a valid license key is notinstalled for the feature. The default value is DEACTIVATED.

keyIdRateShaping Product identity of the key for the End-User Bitrate Shapinglicensed feature

It ranges between [0,30].licenseStateRateShaping Indicates the licensed status of the End-User Bitrate Shaping

feature, ENABLED or DISABLED

The value is ENABLED when a license key is installed.

RateShapingId The value component of the RDN(1)

serviceStateRateShaping Indicates whether the feature End-User Bitrate Shaping feature isoperable or inoperable

(1) Relative Distinguished Name

3.2 Affected ParametersThe implementation of this feature affects no parameters.

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Network Impact

4 Network Impact

This section describes how the feature impacts the network functions andcapabilities.

The End-User Bitrate Shaping feature affects packet delay and UE throughput.

4.1 CapacityThis section provides information on the impact of the feature on networkcapacity.

The feature impacts the application throughput for UE trying to send at a higherrate than the token rate. The average application throughput for the UE islimited to the token rate.

4.2 CoverageThe feature does not impact the network coverage.

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Associated Features and Affected Functions

5 Associated Features and AffectedFunctions

This section describes how the End-User Bitrate Shaping feature affects otherfeatures and functions.

5.1 Prerequisite FeaturesThis feature has no prerequisite features.

5.2 Affected FeaturesThe feature affects no other feature.

5.3 Related FeaturesThis feature is not related to any other feature.

5.4 Affected System FunctionsTable 3 lists functions affected by the End-User Bitrate Shaping feature.

Table 3 Affected System FunctionsFeature Description

Scheduler The End-User Bitrate Shaping feature is placed in the schedulerand informs it if a given packet transmission can occur.

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Performance

6 Performance

This section describes performance indicators, counters, and events associatedwith the End-User Bitrate Shaping feature.

6.1 KPIsTable 4 lists the main Key Performance Indicators (KPI) associated with theEnd-User Bitrate Shaping feature.

Table 4 KPIsKPI Description

Uplink Throughput Speed at which packets are transferred once the first packet hasbeen scheduled on the air interface

Delay Time it takes to schedule the first packet on the air interface,determined from the time it was received in the RBS

6.2 CountersTable 5 lists the counters associated with the End-User Bitrate Shaping feature.

Table 5 CountersCounter Description

pmRateShapeTimeUl Time where the UE has UL data in a buffer and End-user BitrateShaping feature functionality will prohibit transmission in the ULIt can be used to evaluate the impact of the End-User BitrateShaping feature on the UE throughput. The basic unit ismilliseconds.

More information about counters can be found in Managed Object Model RBS.

6.3 EventsTable 6 lists the events associated with the End-User Bitrate Shaping feature.

Table 6 EventsEvent Event Parameter DescriptionINTERNAL_PER_UE_TRAFFIC_REP

EVENT_PARAM_PER_UE_RATE_SHAPE_TIME_UL

Time where the UE has UL data in abuffer and rate shaping functionalitywill prohibit transmission in the UL

Measured on UE level.

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End-User Bitrate Shaping

More information about events can be found in PM Event List.

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O&M Information

7 O&M Information

This section provides Operation and Maintenance (O&M) information for theEnd-User Bitrate Shaping feature.

A license and parameter setting activates the feature. Details of the licenseactivation process can be found in License Management.

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toc1 Introduction1.1 Basic CharacteristicsDependencies1.2 Benefits1.3 Additional Information

2 Feature Operation2.1 Network Requirements

3 Parameters3.1 Introduced Parameters3.2 Affected Parameters

4 Network Impact4.1 Capacity4.2 Coverage

5 Associated Features and Affected Functions5.1 Prerequisite Features5.2 Affected Features5.3 Related Features5.4 Affected System Functions

6 Performance 6.1 KPIs6.2 Counters6.3 Events

7 O&M Information