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Chemistry 22.2
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22.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Roach traps are baited with pheromones, which roaches produce to attract mates. The structure of many pheromones is based on unsaturated hydrocarbons. You will study two types of unsaturated hydrocarbons—alkenes and alkynes.
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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons >
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22.2 Alkenes
Alkenes
What are the structural characteristics of alkenes?
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22.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons > Alkenes
At least one carbon-carbon bond in an alkene is a double covalent bond. Other bonds may be single carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-hydrogen bonds.
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22.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons > Alkenes
• Organic compounds that contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom are called saturated compounds.
• Compounds that contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds are called unsaturated compounds.
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22.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons > Alkenes
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double covalent bonds.
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22.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons > Alkenes
Because rotation is restricted around the double bond, atoms in ethene lie in one plane.
Ethene
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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons >
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22.2 Alkynes
Alkynes
What are the structural characteristics of alkynes?
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22.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons > Alkynes
At least one carbon-carbon bond in an alkyne is a triple covalent bond. Other bonds may be single or double carbon-carbon bonds and single carbon-hydrogen bonds.
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22.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons > Alkynes
• Hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon triple covalent bonds are called alkynes.
• Straight-chain and branched-chain alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are aliphatic hydrocarbons.
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22.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons > Alkynes
The triple bond restricts rotation in an ethyne molecule, which has a linear shape.
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22.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons > Alkenes
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Section Quiz
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Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section
22.2 Section Quiz.
22.2.
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22.2 Section Quiz.
1. Alkenes and alkynes are called unsaturated compounds because they contain
a. single bonds only.
b. double or triple bonds.
c. oxygen atoms.
d. hydrogen atoms.
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22.2 Section Quiz.
2. What is the correct name for a compound with a C-C-C=C-C carbon skeleton?
a. 3-pentyne
b. 2-pentene
c. 3-pentene
d. 4-pentene
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22.2 Section Quiz.
3. Which of the following substances is an alkyne?
a. C6H12
b. C2H4
c. C2H2
d. C4H8
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