end ofcourse biology core 1
TRANSCRIPT
VIRGINIA
STANDARDS OF LEARNING ASSESSMENTS
Spring 2004 Released Test
END OF COURSEBIOLOGY
CORE 1CORE 1
Property of the Virginia Department of Education� 2004 by the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education, James Monroe Building, 101 N. 14th Street,Richmond, Virginia, 23219. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced orused in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by anyinformation storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth ofVirginia public school educators may photocopy or print any portion of these Released Tests for educational purposeswithout requesting permission. All others should direct their requests to the Commonwealth of Virginia Departmentof Education at (804) 225-2102, Division of Assessment and Reporting.
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 1 5/5/04 15:35 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
DIRECTIONSRead each question carefully and choose the bestanswer. Then mark the space on the answersheet for the answer you have chosen.
SAMPLE
The following pictures show somestages during asexual reproduction ofa hydra. Which picture shows the firststep?
1
This key can be used to identify thespecies of some wildflowers found inVirginia. All of the plants have blueor purple flowers with five petals thatare fused together. According to thiskey, to what species does the plantshown belong?
A Viper’s bugloss (Echium vulgare)B Virginia bluebell (Mertensia virginica) �
C Gray beardtongue (Penstemon canescens)D Lyre-leaved sage (Salvia lyrata)
A C
B D �
Key to Virginia Wildflowers
Petals equal length Lower petals longer
Flowers wide,upright
Flowers tubular,dangling
Lower lobeone piece
Viper’s bugloss(Echium vulgare)
Virginia bluebell(Mertensia virginica)
Lower lobedivided intothree pieces
Lyre-leaved sage(Salvia lyrata)
Gray beardtongue(Penstemon canescens)
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 2 5/5/04 15:35 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY07G708�C
ArtCodes
BY07G708.AR1
Biology
22004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
2
In which type of environment did thisfossilized fish most likely live?
F Deep ocean trenchG A coral reefH A freshwater lake �
J Near an ocean vent
3 Which characteristic of prokaryoticorganisms makes them different fromeukaryotes?
A Prokaryotic cells do not havemembrane-bound organelles. �
B Prokaryotes do not have chromosomes.C Prokaryotes are made of cells.D Prokaryotes have DNA.
4 Which of the following methods wouldprovide the most accurate informationfor students collecting data about localattitudes concerning the use ofalternative fuels for automobiles?
F Take an opinion poll of drivers �
G Listen to speeches given by politiciansH Study newspaper articlesJ Track prices at nearby gas stations
5 A bacterium will construct differentproteins to metabolize the sugarslactose or glucose, depending on whichone it detects in the outsideenvironment. What part of thebacterium allows it to recognizedifferent substances in the outsideenvironment?
A Endoplasmic reticulumB Cell membrane �
C NucleusD Lysosomes
6 In order to maintain homeostasis, it ismost important for an animal to beable to —
F respond to its environment �
G hide from its predatorsH change its habitatJ increase its prey population
SESSION: 15 PAGE: 3 5/6/04 7:31 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY07B509�
C
ArtCodes
BY07B509.AR1
BY04A402�
C
BY01I602�C
BY04D507�C
BY05D516�CL
32004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
7
The picture shows a segment of DNAfrom a cat. Which of these is mostlikely the kitten of this cat?
A 1B 2C 3D 4 �
8 Organisms reproduce following severalpatterns. Some organisms produce fewoffspring and provide parental care.Other organisms produce manyoffspring but provide little or noparental care. Which of the followingorganisms has the greatest risk oflosing a population due to the death ofonly a few individuals?
F BacteriaG FliesH Elephants �
J Rats
9 Which skull belongs to a herbivore?DNA Fingerprints
Kittens1
Cat2 3 4
A
B
C
D �
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 4 5/5/04 15:35 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY07E302�
CL
ArtCodes
BY07E302.AR1
BY08B505�
CL
BY07G102�C
ArtCodes
BY07G102.AR1BY07G102.AR2BY07G102.AR3BY07G102.AR4
42004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
10
A study on a poultry farm wasconducted to determine the percentageof vitamin supplement necessary toadd to the feed of turkeys in order tomaximize their growth. According tothis data, what percentage of vitaminsupplement should be added to theturkeys’ diet?
F 6%G 8%H 10% �
J 14%
11 What is the body’s first line of defenseagainst disease?
A EnzymesB BloodC AntibodiesD Skin �
12 Which bird’s foot is best adapted toflying into a region and picking upprey?
� � � � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��
Percent ofVitamin Supplement
Ave
rag
e W
eig
ht
Gai
n
Turkey Growth Data
1 cm
10 cm
1 cm
5 cm
F
G
H
J �
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 5 5/5/04 15:35 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY01D502�
C
ArtCodes
BY01D502.AR1
BY05E121�
C
BY08C701�C
ArtCodes
BY08C701.AR1BY08C701.AR2BY08C701.AR3BY08C701.AR4
52004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
13 Inversions in chromosomes occurwhen part of a chromosome breaks outand is reinserted upside down. Whichof the diagrams below represents aninversion?
14
An experiment is designed to clear anoak-hickory forest and replant the areawith pines. Which of the followingspecies would be most threatened bythis experiment?
F Field sparrowG CardinalH Summer tanagerJ Hooded warbler �
15 The processes of meiosis andfertilization help ensure the survival ofthe species by providing eachgeneration with the same number of —
A body cellsB chromosomes �
C offspringD gametes
XYZ
ABCDE
XYZ
ABDE
Before After
XYZ
ABCDE
XYZ
ABABCDE
Before After
XYZ
ABCDE
ZYX
ABEDC
Before After
XQRYZ
XYZ
ABCDE
ABCDE
Before After
A
B
C
D
�
Use of VegetationBy Bird Species
Vegetation Type
Grass-land
Grass-shrub
Pine forestOak-hickorymature forest
Field sparrow
Cardinal
Summer tanager
Hooded warbler
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 6 5/5/04 15:40 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY06E410�
C
ArtCodes
BY06E410.AR1BY06E410.AR2BY06E410.AR3BY06E410.AR4
BY01B603�CL
ArtCodes
BY01B603.AR1
BY06B706�CL
62004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
16 Enzymes only work with specificsubstrates because eachsubstrate —
F has a specific activation site for enzymeattachment �
G can only use a specific ionic bond withthe enzyme
H destroys its specific enzymeJ actively interferes with other substrates
around it
17 Which of these is a commonadaptation for mammals in an aquaticenvironment?
A Keen eyesightB Streamlined body �
C Sharp teethD Long fur
18 All of these are common shapes ofbacteria EXCEPT —
F rodG spiralH square �
J spherical
19 Average Water Loss (Transpiration)in Corn Plants (mL/hr)
Plot May15
May30
June15
July1
July15
1 1.2 3.4 6.4 10.7 8.5
2 1.1 3.1 11.9 9.8 8.8
3 1.2 3.5 5.5 10.1 9.2
4 1.1 3.8 6.2 9.5 8.4
In the above table, which item of data ismost likely to be invalid?
A Plot 1 on July 1B Plot 2 on June 15 �
C Plot 3 on May 15D Plot 4 on May 30
20 Based on the method by which they getfood, organisms are classified asautotrophs or heterotrophs. Whichorganism listed below is correctlypaired with its metabolism?
F Mushroom-autotrophG Human-heterotroph �
H Grass-heterotrophJ Fish-autotroph
21 In plants, gymnosperms have conesand angiosperms have flowers. Both ofthese plant structures are specializedfor —
A sexual reproduction �
B food productionC water absorptionD photosynthesis
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 7 5/5/04 15:40 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY03C510�
C
BY05A604�
CL
BY04A203�
C
BY01G601�C
BY05B611�C
BY05A515�C
72004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
22
The diagram shows a simplifiednitrogen cycle. Which process isresponsible for returning nitrogen tothe air?
F ExcretionG Decomposition �
H PhotosynthesisJ Nitrification
23
In the lab setup pictured above, astudent is trying to determine theeffect of pollutants on the growth ofthree groups of seeds. The results willnot be valid because the experimenthas no —
A conclusionB hypothesisC control �
D variable
Nitrogenin air
Nitrogencompounds
Plants
Animals
DecomposersNitrogen-fixing
bacteria insome plants
Group 1:
10 radish seedsopen Petri dish20 mL motor oil
25°C
Group 2:
10 bean seedssealed Petri dish20 mL dish soap
35°C
Group 3:
10 alfalfa seedssealed Petri dish20 mL antifreeze
45°C
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 8 5/5/04 15:35 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY09B311�
C
ArtCodes
BY09B311.AR1
BY01F402�C
ArtCodes
BY01F402.AR1
82004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
24
According to the diagram, during thelast 40 million years, the structure ofthe horse’s foot has —
F lost its toes �
G become smallerH grown toesJ remained the same size
25 Which of the following best explainswhy a student researching geneticsshould use the most recent textbooksavailable?
A Older textbooks are more difficult tounderstand.
B Research in Mendelian genetics beganvery recently.
C New discoveries frequently add to olderknowledge in genetics. �
D No technologies from more than tenyears ago are still in use.
26 Sandy Beach and DuneWildlife Locator Chart
Feeds in DunesFeeds on
Wet Sand orBeach
Feeds atHigh-tide
mark
Nests inTree
Canopyor
Shrubs
Yellow-billedCuckoo
AmericanRobin
CedarWaxwing
Fish CrowBoat-tailed
Grackle
Nests inTree
Trunks
DownyWoodpecker
NorthernFlicker
Raccoon
Nests onGround
Eastern Cottontail Black-belliedPlover
Wilson’s PloverSemipalmated
PloverPiping PloverAmerican
OystercatcherWilletSanderlingSemipalmated
SandpiperDunlinLaughing GullRing-billed GullGreat Black-
backed Gull
RuddyTurnstone
Nests inFreshWater
Fowler’s Toad
A student studying wildlife nestingpatterns in the sandy beach and duneecosystem of the Chincoteague NationalWildlife Refuge would find nests of themost species in which of the followinglocations?
F ShrubsG Tree trunksH Ground �
J Fresh water
27 Which of the following came first inthe scientific study of living things?
A Light microscope �
B Cell theoryC Electron microscopeD Model of DNA
40 25 7 0
(millions of years ago)
Fossil Records of Horse Foot Structure Over Time
EquusMerychippusMesohippusEohippus
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 9 5/5/04 15:35 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY08A403�
C
ArtCodes
BY08A403.AR1
BY01J702�
C
BY09E704�C
BY02A706�CL
92004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
28 The unique properties of water enablelife to exist on Earth. Which of these isa property of pure water?
F Its solid form is more dense than itsliquid.
G It has a low heat absorption capacity.H It is slightly more acidic than air.J It dissolves many substances. �
29
This graph shows the sizes of lynx andhare populations between the years of1845 and 1940. If a predator of the lynxenters the food chain, you mightexpect the number of —
A lynx and hares to become equalB lynx to increaseC hares to increase �
D hares and lynx to decrease
30 The process of DNA replication isnecessary before a cell —
F makes a proteinG codes for RNA moleculesH divides into two cells �
J modifies lysosome enzymes
31 Cowbirds often lay eggs in the nests ofother songbirds. The young cowbirdsgrow up hearing the songs of theirfoster parents but sing cowbird songswhen they are adults. This is anexample of —
A imprintingB instinct �
C mimicryD camouflage
Th
ou
san
ds
of
Har
es
Th
ou
sand
s of L
ynx
Year1850 1875 1900 1925
40
80
120
3
6
9
160 Snowshoe hareLynx
Population Fluctuations
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 10 5/5/04 15:43 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY03A611�
C
BY09A522�
C
ArtCodes
BY09A522.AR1
BY06A619�C
BY05C210�C
102004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
32 According to the biological definitionof a species, which organisms listedbelow would belong to the samespecies?
F Plants that have flowers with the samestructures that attract the samepollinators
G Protists that are the same shape andhave the same structures for movement
H Animals that can breed and producefertile offspring �
J Mushrooms that are the same color andcan grow on trees
33 Orchids were studied to determine ifthe amount of humidity affected theflowering of these plants. Which ofthese was the independent variable inthis study?
A The percentage of humidity �
B The amount wateredC The length of time required for
floweringD The number of flowers on each plant
34
Which statement is supported by thediagram?
F The mitochondrion uses the sun’s energydirectly.
G The end products of photosynthesis donot provide energy for cellularrespiration.
H The main source of energy forphotosynthesis is carbohydrates.
J Carbohydrates are converted into ATPby the mitochondrion. �
CarbohydrateEnergy-rich
CO2 + H2OEnergy-poor
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
ATP used in: • Biosynthesis • Active transport • Mechanical work • Bioluminescence
Photosynthesis CellularRespiration
O2
Sun
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 11 5/5/04 15:43 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY07A609�
CL
BY01C607�
C
BY03D201�C
ArtCodes
BY03D201.AR1
112004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
35 An organism that causes infections inplants and animals, but cannot be seenwith a light microscope similar to thatused in a high school biology course, ismost likely a —
A virus �
B bacteriumC fungusD protozoan
36 Rabbit Test Cross Results
Parent Generation Black � White
F1 all black
F275% black25% white
What conclusion can be drawn from thegenetic information above?
F The white parent carried a dominantallele.
G All the F1 rabbits carried a recessiveallele. �
H All the white rabbits are heterozygous.J All the black rabbits in the F2
generation are homozygous.
37 Which of the following scientificachievements best represents acollaborative effort among scientists?
A Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented themicroscope in the 1600s, which waslater used by others to study cells.
B Robert Koch studied infectious diseases,and Louis Pasteur demonstrated thatlife only comes from life.
C Gregor Mendel’s study of pea plantsenabled Thomas Morgan to become thefirst to locate a gene on a chromosomein Drosophila.
D Francis Crick and James Watsonworked together to design thedouble-helix model of DNA. �
38 Richard was observing blackswallowtail butterflies in the field.Which one of these is an observationhe made about a black swallowtailbutterfly?
F The black swallowtail is closely relatedto the spicebush swallowtail.
G The black swallowtail belongs to theclass Insecta.
H The black swallowtail likes to fly morethan anything else.
J The black swallowtail laid its eggs on aparsley plant. �
39 A genetic pedigree showing that onlymales are affected by a certaindisorder is evidence of what type ofinheritance?
A DominantB Sex-linked �
C RecessiveD Passive
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 12 5/5/04 15:35 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY05F506�
C
BY06D635�
C
BY02E401�C
BY01A103�CL
BY06D525�C
122004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
40 Increased surface area increases thenumber of molecules that can becollected from the air. According tothis information, which beetle antennais best adapted for chemically sensingthe air?
41 Which of these could be successfullytreated with antibiotics?
A Common coldB InfluenzaC HIVD Strep throat �
42 One way to increase the number oforganisms in an endangered species isto let the few remaining individuals ofthat species breed. However, thisbreeding may also lead to speciesextinction because inbreeding over ashort period of time may —
F reduce genetic diversity �
G increase beneficial mutationsH produce a different speciesJ increase fertility
43 Proteins are formed from monomers(subunits) called —
A amino acids �
B fatty acidsC nucleic acidsD nucleotides
F
G
H
J
�
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 13 5/5/04 15:35 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY01B403�
C
ArtCodes
BY01B403.AR1BY01B403.AR2BY01B403.AR3BY01B403.AR4
BY02C514�C
BY08B613�C
BY03B601�CL
132004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
44 Early classification systems consistedof two kingdoms; Plantae andAnimalia. What scientific developmentallowed taxonomists to establish theMonera and Protista kingdoms?
F Discovery of DNAG Creation of electrophoresisH Invention of the electron microscope �
J Development of Koch’s postulates
45
The one-celled eukaryotic organismsabove are often found in freshwaterponds. What is one characteristic theyall have in common?
A CiliaB Nucleus �
C PseudopodiaD Flagellum
46 Some sphinx moth caterpillars arecalled tomato hornworms. These largecaterpillars do a tremendous amountof damage to tomato plants. Whichmethod of moth control would be mostdangerous to the honeybee, which isneeded for plant pollination?
F Using moth scents to attract moths totraps
G Releasing caterpillar parasitesH Spraying plants with insecticides �
J Planting moth-repelling plants
47
Which characteristic supports thehypothesis that this animal spends agreat deal of time burrowing throughthe soil?
A The shape of its bodyB The position of its noseC The length of its tailD The size of its claws �
Paramecium
Amoeba
Euglena
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 14 5/5/04 15:35 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY07F403�
C
BY04B516�
CL
ArtCodes
BY04B516.AR1
BY09D107�CL
BY05G103�CL
ArtCodes
BY05G103.AR1
142004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
48 The skulls below belong to differentanimals. Which skull belongs to theanimal that is probably unrelated tothe other three?
49 One theory of the extinction ofdinosaur species is that a largemeteorite impact on Earth caused amajor atmospheric change marked bycolder temperatures. If this theory iscorrect, what adaptation of mammalsprobably allowed them to survive eventhough dinosaurs became extinct?
A Superior low-light visionB Consumption of an omnivorous dietC Ability to bear live youngD Endothermic body metabolism �
50
Which variable appears to control leafproduction in these plants?
F The amount of waterG The temperature �
H The number of daylight hoursJ The relative humidity
F
G
H
J �
������
�� ��
��������
�� ��
���������
������� ���
� �����
�� � ����
�����
�°��
������
��
�!���
"����
#�� �$�
"����� !
%$�����
������
�� ���
���$��
��� ����
&' &' () (* +& ,
&' &' *' (* +& +
&' &' *( (* +& ('
&' &' ** (* +& &
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 15 5/5/04 15:35 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY07A301�
C
ArtCodes
BY07A301.AR1BY07A301.AR2BY07A301.AR3BY07A301.AR4
BY09D610�CL
BY01E117�CL
ArtCodes
BY01E117.AR1
152004 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
Answer KeyTest
SequenceCorrectAnswer
ReportingCategory Reporting Category Description
1 B 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
2 H 004 Interaction of Life Forms
3 A 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
4 F 001 Scientific Investigation
5 B 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
6 F 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
7 D 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
8 H 004 Interaction of Life Forms
9 D 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
10 H 001 Scientific Investigation
11 D 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
12 J 004 Interaction of Life Forms
13 C 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
14 J 001 Scientific Investigation
15 B 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
16 F 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
17 B 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
18 H 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
19 B 001 Scientific Investigation
20 G 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
21 A 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
22 G 004 Interaction of Life Forms
23 C 001 Scientific Investigation
24 F 004 Interaction of Life Forms
25 C 001 Scientific Investigation
26 H 004 Interaction of Life Forms
27 A 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
28 J 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
29 C 004 Interaction of Life Forms
30 H 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
31 B 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
32 H 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
33 A 001 Scientific Investigation
34 J 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
35 A 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
36 G 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
37 D 001 Scientific Investigation
38 J 001 Scientific Investigation
39 B 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
40 F 001 Scientific Investigation
41 D 004 Interaction of Life Forms
42 F 004 Interaction of Life Forms
43 A 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
44 H 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
45 B 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
46 H 004 Interaction of Life Forms
47 D 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
48 J 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
49 D 004 Interaction of Life Forms
50 G 001 Scientific Investigation
SESSION: 14 PAGE: 16 5/5/04 15:59 LOGIN IS-glenn PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg04/JOB_04-ribsg11/DIV_g11bio-1