encyclopedia of the solar system - abe-ips · meteorites michael e. lipschutz purdue university,...

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Praise for the previous edition: “I cannot imagine a trio of scientists better qualified to produce a volume about the solar system than Weissman, McFadden, and Johnson. This is more than a book—it is a fantastic voyage to neighbor worlds that combines the accuracy of science with the beauty and wonder that is our solar system.” — David H. Levy, Astronomer SECOND EDITION SECOND EDITION ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM NEW! NEW EDITION! Edited by: Lucy-Ann McFadden University of Maryland, College Park, U.S.A. Paul R. Weissman and Torrence V. Johnson Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, U.S.A. Images courtesy of NASA books.elsevier.com/solar2 books.elsevier.com/solar2

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Page 1: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM - ABE-IPS · Meteorites Michael E. Lipschutz Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Ludolf Schultz Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie, Mainz,

Praise for the previous edition:“I cannot imagine a trio of scientists better qualifi ed to produce a volume about the solar system than Weissman, McFadden, and Johnson. This is more than a book—it is a fantastic voyage to neighbor worlds that combines the accuracy of science with the beauty and wonder that is our solar system.” — David H. Levy, Astronomer

SECOND EDITIONSECOND EDITION

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

NEW!NEW EDITION!

Edited by:

Lucy-Ann McFaddenUniversity of Maryland, College Park, U.S.A.

Paul R. Weissman and Torrence V. JohnsonJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, U.S.A.

Images courtesy of NASA

Edited by:

Lucy-Ann McFaddenUniversity of Maryland, College Park, U.S.A.

Paul R. Weissman Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, U.S.A.

books.elsevier.com/solar2books.elsevier.com/solar2

Page 2: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM - ABE-IPS · Meteorites Michael E. Lipschutz Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Ludolf Schultz Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie, Mainz,

NEW EDITION!NEW EDITION!

The only authoritative, up-to-date review of new space observations, explorations, and discussions about our solar system

Long before Galileo published his discoveries about Jupiter, lunar craters, and the Milky Way in the Starry Messenger in 1610, people were fascinated with the planets and stars around them. That interest continues today, and scientists are making new discoveries at an astounding rate. Ancient lake beds on Mars, robotic spacecraft missions, and new defi nitions of planets now dominate the news. How can you take it all in? Start with the newEncyclopedia of the Solar System, Second Edition.

This self-contained reference follows the trail blazed by the bestselling fi rst edition. It provides a framework for understanding the origin and evolution of the solar system, historical discoveries, and details about planetary bodies and how they interact—and has jumped light years ahead in terms of new information and visual impact. Offering more than 50% new material, the Encyclopedia includes the latest explorations and observations, hundreds of new color digital images and illustrations, and more than 1,000 pages. It stands alone as the defi nitive work in this fi eld, and will serve as a modern messenger of scientifi c discovery and provide a look into the future of our solar system.

Images courtesy of NASA

*Contents and Contributors subject to change.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEMSECOND EDITIONEdited by:Lucy-Ann McFaddenUniversity of Maryland, College Park, U.S.A.

Paul R. Weissman and Torrence V. JohnsonJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, U.S.A.

December 2006, Hardcover, 8 1/2" x 11", c. 1,025 pp. ISBN-10/13: 0120885891/9780120885893List price: $99.95 / €82.95 / £57.99

“The nature of the solar system has been gradually revealed as more and more capable spacecraft have ventured further from Earth’s shores, and as theoreticians have developed increasingly sophisticated models to understand what has been found. At last we have a compact yet complete summary of these incredible discoveries, prepared by many of the scientists who did the original work.” — Joseph A. Burns, Church Professor of Engineering and Professor of Astronomy, Cornell University, about the previous edition

“A compendium of our current knowledge…This volume will reside on my desk as a vital resource to help me answer questions from scientists in other fi elds, public offi cials, and the general public.” — Robert W. Milkey, Executive Offi cer, American Astronomical Society (Retired), about the previous edition

Key Features:• Forty-seven chapters from 75+ eminent authors review fundamental topics as well as new models, theories, and discussions• Each entry is detailed and scientifi cally rigorous, yet accessible to undergraduate students and amateur astronomers• More than 700 full-color digital images and diagrams from current space missions and observatories amplify the chapters• Thematic chapters provide up-to-date coverage, including a discussion on the new International Astronomical Union (IAU) vote on the defi nition of a planet• Information is easily accessible with numerous cross-references and a full glossary and index

Now in full color!

books.elsevier.com/solar2books.elsevier.com/solar2

Page 3: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM - ABE-IPS · Meteorites Michael E. Lipschutz Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Ludolf Schultz Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie, Mainz,

Preface

Foreword

The Solar System and Its Place in the GalaxyPaul R. WeissmanJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

The Origin of the Solar System Alex N. Halliday University of Oxford, UKJohn E. ChambersNASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California, USA

A History of Solar System StudiesDavid LeveringtonBAE Systems, UK (Retired)

The Sun Markus J. AschwandenLockheed-Martin ATC, Palo Alto, California, USA

The Solar Wind John T. GoslingUniversity of Colorado, Boulder, USA

Mercury Robert G. StromUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, USA

Venus: Atmosphere Donald M. HuntenUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, USA

Venus: Surface and Interior Suzanne E. SmrekarJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAEllen R. StofanProxemy Research, Bowie, Maryland, USA

Earth as a Planet: Atmosphere and OceansTimothy E. DowlingUniversity of Louisville, Kentucky, USAAdam ShowmanUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, USA

Earth as a Planet: Surface and InteriorDavid C. Pieri Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAAdam M. DziewonskiHarvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

The Sun-Earth Connection Janet G. LuhmannUniversity of California, Berkeley, USAStanley C. SolomonBoston University, Massacheusetts, USA

The Moon Stuart Ross TaylorAustralian National University, Canberra, Australia

Meteorites Michael E. LipschutzPurdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USALudolf SchultzMax-Planck-Institut fur Chemie, Mainz, Germany

Near-Earth Objects Lucy A. McFadden University of Maryland, College Park, USARichard P. BinzelMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

Mars Atmosphere: History and Surface Interaction David C. Catling and Conway LeovyUniversity of Washington, Seattle, USA

Mars: Surface and Interior Michael H. CarrU.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA

Mars: Landing Site Geology, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry Matthew P. GolombekJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAHarry McSween, Jr.University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA

Main-Belt Asteroids Daniel T. BrittUniversity of Central Florida, Orlando, USALarry LebofskyUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, USA

Planetary Satellites Bonnie J. BurattiJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAPeter C. ThomasCornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

Atmospheres of the Giant PlanetsRobert A. WestJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

Interiors of the Giant Planets Mark S. Marley NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USAJonathan J. FortneyUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, USA

Io: The Volcanic Moon Rosaly M. C. LopesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

EuropaLouise M. ProckterApplied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, USARobert T. PappalardoJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

Ganymede and Callisto Geoffrey Collins Wheaton College, Massachusetts, USA Torrence V. JohnsonJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

TitanAthena CoustenisObservatoire de Paris-Meudon, France

TritonWilliam B. McKinnonWashington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USARandy L. KirkU.S Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA

Planetary Rings Carolyn C. PorcoSpace Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USADouglas P. HamiltonUniversity of Maryland, College Park, USA

Planetary Magnetospheres Margaret Galland Kivelson University of California, Los Angeles, USAFran BagenalUniversity of Colorado, Boulder, USA

Pluto and Charon Alan SternSouthwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Physics and Chemistry of CometsJohn BrandtUniversity of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA

Cometary Dynamics Harold F. LevisonSouthwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Kuiper Belt: Dynamics Alessandro MorbidelliCNRS, Nice, FranceHarold F. LevisonSouthwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Kuiper Belt Objects: Physical Studies Stephen C. TeglerNorthern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA

Solar System Dust Eberhard GrünMax Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany

X-Rays in the Solar System Anil BhardwajVikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum, IndiaCarey M. LisseApplied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, USA

The Solar System at Ultraviolet WavelengthsAmanda R. Hendrix and Robert M. NelsonJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USADeborah L. DomingueApplied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, USA

Infrared Views of the Solar System from SpaceMark V. SykesPlanetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona, USA

The Solar System at Radio WavelengthsImke de PaterUniversity of California, Berkeley, California, USAWilliam S. KurthUniversity of Iowa, Iowa City, USA

New Generation Optical/Infrared TelescopesAlan T. Tokunaga and Robert JedickeUniversity of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA

Planetary Radar Steven J. OstroJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA

Remote Chemical Analysis Thomas H. PrettymanLos Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA

Solar System Dynamics: Regular and Chaotic Motion Jack J. LissauerNASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USACarl D. MurrayUniversity of London, UK

Planetary Impacts Richard A. F. GrieveHumboldt-Universitet zu Berlin, GermanyMark J. Cintala and Roald TagleNASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA

Planetary Volcanism Lionel WilsonUniversity of Lancaster, UK

Planets and the Origin of LifeChristopher P. McKay and Wanda L. DavisNASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA

Planetary Exploration Missions James D. BurkeThe Planetary Society, Pasadena, California, USA

Extra-Solar Planets Michael Endl and William D. CochranUniversity of Texas, Austin, USA

AppendicesGlossaryIndex

CONTENTSCONTENTS

*Contents and Contributors subject to change.

books.elsevier.com/solar2books.elsevier.com/solar2

Page 4: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM - ABE-IPS · Meteorites Michael E. Lipschutz Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Ludolf Schultz Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie, Mainz,

SAMPLE PAGES FROM ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM, 2ND EDITIONSAMPLE PAGES FROM ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM, 2ND EDITION

Introductory paragraphs provide a capsule view of the

topic to be discussed

Functional, clearand uniform layout

Internal headings clearly guide readers to

important subtopics

View sample chapters and more online:View sample chapters and more online:

books.elsevier.com/solar2books.elsevier.com/solar2

Page 5: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM - ABE-IPS · Meteorites Michael E. Lipschutz Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Ludolf Schultz Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie, Mainz,

SAMPLE PAGES FROM ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM, 2ND EDITIONSAMPLE PAGES FROM ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM, 2ND EDITION

Background images courtesy of NASA

Bibliography lists allow for morein-depth research

More than 700 full-color fi gures, and photographs

amplify the text

Nearly 50 comprehensive articles from more than 75

international experts

books.elsevier.com/solar2books.elsevier.com/solar2

Page 6: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM - ABE-IPS · Meteorites Michael E. Lipschutz Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Ludolf Schultz Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie, Mainz,

“Weissman, McFadden, and Johnson have done a terrifi c job in assembling a roster of world-class experts to write about the key topics in planetary science. This should be a valuable guide both in

the classroom and on the reference shelf.”— William K. Hartmann, Planetary Science Institute, Tucson; Recipient of the American

Astronomical Society’s Carl Sagan Medal, from the previous edition

Lucy-Ann McFaddenUniversity of Maryland, College Park, U.S.A.

Lucy McFadden is a planetary scientist at the University of Maryland. She was the founding director of the College Park Scholars Program, Science, Discovery and the Universe. She has published over 75 articles in refereed journals and has been co-investigator on NASA’s NEAR, Deep Impact and Dawn missions exploring asteroids and comets. She has served on committees on solar system exploration for the National Academy of Sciences, and on the editorial board of Icarus.

Paul R. WeissmanJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, U.S.A.

Paul R. Weissman is a Senior Research Scientist at JPL, specializing in comets. He is the author of over 100 scientifi c papers and 30 popular articles. He is also the co-author, with Alan Harris, of a children’s book on the Voyager mission. Dr. Weissman received his doctorate in planetary and space physics from the University of California, Los Angeles. His work includes both theoretical and observational studies of comets, investigating their orbital motion, their physical make-up, and the threat they pose due to possible impacts on the Earth. Dr. Weissman is an Interdisciplinary Scientist on ESA’s Rosetta mission to comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Torrence V. JohnsonJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, U.S.A.

Torrence V. Johnson is a specialist on icy satellites in the solar system. He has written over 130 publications for scientifi c journals. He received a Ph.D. in planetary science from the California Institute of Technology and is now the Chief Scientist for Solar System Exploration at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He was the Project Scientist for the Galileo mission and is currently an investigator on the Cassini mission. He is the recipient of two NASA Exceptional Scientifi c Achievement Medals and the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal and has an honorary doctorate from the University of Padua, where Galileo made his fi rst observations of the solar system.

ABOUT THE EDITORSABOUT THE EDITORS

Images courtesy of NASA

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Page 7: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM - ABE-IPS · Meteorites Michael E. Lipschutz Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Ludolf Schultz Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie, Mainz,

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEMSECOND EDITION

Elsevier, DM86995 / AMZ3Marketing Department525 B Street, Suite 1900San Diego, CA 92101, USA

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOLAR SYSTEMSECOND EDITION

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Use your personal savings code when ordering(found next to your imprinted address or above)

NEW EDITION!NEW EDITION!

“This reference guide to four decades of exploration and discovery is a valuable resource for academic and large public libraries.”— LIBRARY JOURNAL, praising the fi rst edition

“The Encyclopedia of the Solar System has been crafted by working scientifi c experts who are directly engaged in [current space explorations]. It is a must-have reference for anyone

in the lay public, any would-be planetary explorer, who wants to join up and come along with us as we reach out into the void and touch the planets.”— Laurence A. Soderblom, United States Geological Survey, praising the fi rst edition

Images courtesy of NASA

• In depth, clearly written chapters incorporate more than 50% new material• Covers new observations and explorations, and discusses the recent IAU vote • Beautifully illustrated in full color, with 700+ digital images and illustrations• Appropriate for researchers, students, and amateur astronomers

EES/FR/AD-30880 9/06

“This reference guide to four decades of exploration and discovery is a valuable resource for academic and large public libraries.”— LIBRARY JOURNAL, praising the fi rst edition

“The Encyclopedia of the Solar System has been crafted by working scientifi c experts who are directly engaged in [current space explorations]. It is a must-have reference for anyone

in the lay public, any would-be planetary explorer, who wants to join up and come along with us as we reach out into the void and touch the planets.”— Laurence A. Soderblom,

books.elsevier.com/solar2books.elsevier.com/solar2