encountering jesus - character studies in the gospel of john

7/23/2019 Encountering Jesus - Character Studies in the Gospel of John

1/31


2/31


3/31

MHCI]HTMZFH@GMS]S


4/31

Tbfs fs ojiia Fboumjmmhpoftfh` eiz o cik~zmbmhsfum, si~bfstfcotmdoholvsfsietbmcbozoctmzsfhtbm@is~mlieGibh(Jmhhmko`fums}stbmtiilsti oduohcmjitb i}z }hdmzstohdfh` ieGibhs ìs~ml ohd tbm tbmizv iecbozoctmzfwotfih(Z(OLOHC]L^M^^MZDmohietbmKcOemmScbiilieTbmili`v,Kmzcmz]hfumzsftv"]S&

Jmhhmkos}smieo tbmizvie cbozoctmz ti fll}kfhotm ollieGibhs costieeoscfhotfh`cbozoctmzsfs~fihmmzfhòhd~zid}ctfum(ZFCBOZDJO]CABOKMkmzft}s^ziemssizieHmpTmstokmhtSt}dfms,]hfumzsftvieStOhdzmps"]A&

Fhtbfscozme}lohdczmotfumst}dv,Jmhhmkocbollmh`mstbmpfdmlvbmldufmptbotGibhscbozoctmzsozmtv~msizsvkjilsohds}ccmsse}llvdmkihstzotmstbotmocbcbozoctmzfhGibhbosodfstfhctfumfhdfufd}ol~zieflmfhtbmfzfhtmz

octfihspftb

Gms}s(

Tbfs

jiia

i~mhs

oh

fk~iztoht

hmp

pfhdip

ih

bip

Gibh

tmllstbmstizvieGms}s(@OFLZ(IDOVO(B( Sboteizd ^ziemssiz ie ^zmocbfh ohdHmp Tmstokmht,Cohdlmz Scbiil ie

Tbmili`v,Mkizv]hfumzsftv"]S&

Jmhhmkos tbizi}`boholvsfsieemzs e}ztbmzmufdmhcm eizokizmh}ohcmd}hdmzstohdfhìecbozoctmzsfhtbm@is~mlieGibhohdkiumstbmdfsc}ssfihieGibohhfhmtmcbhfq}msiecbozoctmzfwotfiheizpozdfhsf`hfefcohtpovs(

CILLMMHK(CIHPOV

^ziemssizieZmlf`fi}sSt}dfms,SmtihBoll]hfumzsftv"]S&


5/31

MHCI]HTMZFH@GMS]S

CbozoctmzSt}dfmsfhtbm@is~mlieGibh

CizhmlfsJmhhmko

JOH@OLIZMFHDFO


6/31

Ci~vzf`bt:>>6CizhmlfsJmhhmko

TbfsSi}tbOsfohmdftfih~}jlfsbmd:>>6jv^zfkoli`}m^}jlfsbfh Kmdfo^zfuotmLfkftmd

#3:,FFCziss,B}tcbfhsZiod,Johòlizm,=5>>24,Fhdfo

Pmjsftm7ppp(~zfkoli`}m(cik

Mkofl7mhq}fzvN~zfkoli`}m(cik

Izf`fhollv~}jlfsbmd:>>6fh@zmotJzftofhjvôtmzhistmzôtmzhistmzfsohfk~zfhtieO}tbmhtfcKmdfo)Jfjlfco](A(

Tbmzf`btieCizhmlfsJmhhmkotijmfdmhtfefmdostbmO}tbizietbfsPizabosjmmhossmztmdjvbfkfhoccizdohcmpftbtbmCi~vzf`bt,Dmsf`hsohdôtmhtsOct?622(

Ollzf`btszmsmzumd(Hi~oztietbfs~}jlfcotfihkovjmzm~zid}cmd,stizmdfhozmtzfmuolsvstmk,iztzohskfttmdfhohveizkizjvohvkmohs,mlmctzihfc,kmcbohfcol,~bitici~vfh`,zmcizdfh izitbmzpfsm,pftbi}ttbm~zfiz~mzkfssfihietbm~}jlfsbmzizolfcmhcm~mzkfttfh zmstzfctmdci~vfh`(

FSJH

?37

620

2?

6>26>4

>

3

Ciumzdmsf`hjvDoufdKcHmflleizSczotcbtbmSavLtd("ppp(sczotcbtbmsav(cik&^zfhtmdohdji}hdfhFhdfojv^zfkoli`}m^}jlfsbfh %Kmdfo"ppp(~zfkoli`}m(cik&


7/31

Cihtmhts

^zmeocm((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((ufff Ojjzmufotfihs ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( fr

?( Fhtzid}ctfih ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?:( GibhPfthmssôzMrcmllmhcm(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ::3( TbmPizldMhumli~mdfhDozahmssj}tLiumdjv@id((((((((((((((((((((((((3?4( TbmGmpsI~~ihmhtsôzMrcmllmhcm ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((32 =( Ohdzmpohd^bflf~Efhdmzsie^mi~lm ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((405( Sfkih^mtmzOSbm~bmzdfhtbmKoafh`(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((=3 0( HotbohomlTbm@mh}fhmFszomlftm(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((54 2( TbmKitbmzieGms}sOCotolvstfhBfsKfhfstzv (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((566(

Hfcidmk}s

Fh

tbm

Tpflf`bt

Wihm((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((00

?>( TbmSokozftohPikohOh]hmr~mctmdJzfdm ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((25??( TbmZivolIeefcfolBfsPizdFsMhi}`beizKm((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((64?:( TbmFhuolfdottbmîilOLokmZms~ihsm (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?>>?3( TbmCzipdOEocmlmss,DfufdmdKoss((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((??> ?4( TbmTpmlumSlipj}tStfcav(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((??0 ?=( G}dosFscozfitTbmJlocaSbmm~ietbmEokflv((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?:0 ?5( TbmKohJizhJlfhdIhcmFPosJlfhdj}tHipFSmm ((((((((((((((((((((((?35?0( KoztboTbmFdmolGibohhfhmCihemssiz((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?4= ?2(

Kozv

ie

Jmtbohv

Ot

Gms}s

Emmt (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?=?

?6( Lowoz}sTbmDmodSbollBmozBfsUifcm((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?=0:>( TbikosLmtKmSmmohdTi}cb (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?54:?( TbmJmliumdDfscf~lmTbm]hfq}mMvmpfthmss((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?0? ::( ^flotmSmc}zfhòBillipUfctizv((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?23:3( Gism~bieOzfkotbmoEoftbohdEmoz(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((?6>:4( KozvKo`dolmhmZmci`hfwfh`tbmSbm~bmzdsUifcm ((((((((((((((((((((((((?65:=( Cihcl}sfih ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((:>:

Jfjlfi`zo~bv (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((:?=

FhdmrieO}tbizs ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((::5


8/31

^zmeocm

Gibhs stzotm`v eiz ocbfmufh` tbm ~}z~ism ie bfs ìs~ml ti muiam ohdstzmh`tbmhjmlfmefhGms}s":>73>3?&fsti~}tuozfi}scbozoctmzsihtbmsto`m

pbifhtmzoct

pftb

Gms}s(

Gibh

pohts

bfs

zmodmzs

ti

muol}otm

tbm

cbozoctmzs

zms~ihsms tiGms}s,gifh bfs ~ifht ie ufmp ohd koam oh odmq}otmjmlfmezms~ihsmtbmksmlums(Fepmpmzmtisti~bmzm,ollcbozoctmzspi}ldjmzmd}cmdti tbmfzzms~ihsmsohdbmhcm ti tv~ms "oskistscbilozs fhdmmdcihcl}dm&(Kv oz`}kmht fs tbot kist Gibohhfhm cbozoctmzs ozm kizm cik~lmr ohdzi}hdtbohbosjmmhjmlfmumdsieoz(Jmsfdms,tbmGibohhfhmcbozoctmzsboumo~ozodf`kotfc e}hctfihj}thit fho zmd}ctfihfst, tv~fcolsmhsm( Ft fs tbmcik~lmtmcbozoctmztzofts,dmumli~kmhtohdzms~ihsmtbotfszm~zmsmhtotfumoczissc}lt}zmsohdtfkm(Tbfsjiia,tbmzmeizm,oholvsmsohdclossfefmsjitbtbm

cbozoctmzs

ohd

tbmfz

zms~ihsms

ti

Gms}s(

I}zst}dvieGibohhfhmcbozoctmzspbimhci}htmzGms}sbo~~mhspftbfhotbmizmtfcolezokmpizatbotFboumdmsczfjmdfhdmtoflmlsmpbmzm7C(Jmhhmko,OTbmizvieCbozoctmzfhtbmEi}ztb@is~mlpftbZmemzmhcmtiOhcfmhtohdKidmzh Lftmzot}zm,Jfjlfcol Fhtmz~zmtotfih ?0(4 ":>>6&7 30=4:?( Tbfs oztfclm~ziufdms tbm tbmizmtfcol ei}hdotfih eiz kv }hdmzstohdfh` ie cbozoctmz fhGibhsìs~mlohdfsmssmhtfollvohfk~iztohtcik~ohfihtitbfsjiia(Ottbmsokmtfkm,tbfsjiiao~~lfmsohdtmststbmtbmizvpmboums}``mstmd(Fboumtpizmodfh` tf~s(Fhcbo~tmz?,tbmzmodmzci}ldsaf~ tbmsmctfih ^zmufi}sSt}dfms

ih

Gibohhfhm

Cbozoctmz

ohd

ì

dfzmctlv

ti

tbm

smctfih

Tbm

@o~s

pbfcbs}ks}~tbmloc}homfhGibohhfhmcbozoctmzst}dfms(Jmvihdcbo~tmz?,tbmzmodmzcohzmodsmlmctfumlvsfhcmmocbcbo~tmzfssmlecihtofhmd( Ftbohatbmeillipfh`~mi~lmohdfhstft}tfihs7Zijfhôzzv,ôtmzhistmzsMdftizfolDfzmctiz,eizoccm~tfh`tbfspizaohd~ziufh`tijmmrtzmkmlvbml~e}ltbzi}`bi}ttbmuozfi}ssto`msietbfs~zigmct(@miz`mAizob,tbmdfzmctizie^zfkoli`}m,eizbml~fh`kmzmolfwmohFhdfohmdftfih(TbmSi}tbOsfoFhstft}tmieOduohcmdCbzfstfohSt}dfms"SOFOCS&eizollipfh`kmosojjotfcol(TbmMuoh`mlfcolTbmili`fcolZmsmozcbohdPzftfh`^zigmctieFhdfo"TMTZOPÎF&eiz

`fufh

km

o`mhmzi}s

`zoht(

Kv

pfem

S}soh

eiz

bmz

afhd

ohd

ojlm

mdftfh`

Fboumdmdfcotmdtbfsjiiatibmz(@ideizbfsfhs~fzotfih,`}fdohcmohds}stofhfh``zocm(Kovtbfsjiia~lmosmbfkohdjmie}smeizbfspizaihmoztb(

CizhmlfsJmhhmko,SOFOCS"ppp(sofocs(iz`& Kov:>>6


9/31

Ojjzmufotfihs

OJ OhcbizJfjlmJCM JmeizmCikkihMzo

JMTL

JfjlfitbmcoM~bmkmzfd}k

Tbmili`fcoz}k

Liuohfmhsf}k

Jfj JfjlfcoJfjFht JfjlfcolFhtmz~zmtotfihJfjZms JfjlfcolZmsmozcbJfjSoc JfjlfitbmcoSoczoJFS JfjlfcolFhtmz~zmtotfihSmzfmsJHTC JlocasHmpTmstokmhtCikkmhtozfmsJTJ JfjlfcolTbmili`vJ}llmtfhJW JfjlfscbmWmftscbzfetCJ_ CotbilfcJfjlfcol_}oztmzlvCM CikkihMzoC]^ Cokjzfd`m]hfumzsftv^zmssDG@ Dfctfihozv ieGms}sohd tbm @is~mls( MdftmdjvG(J( @zmmh, S(

KcAhf`bt,ohdF(B(Kozsboll(Diphmzs@zium7FhtmzUozsftv^zmss,?66:(

DHTJ DfctfihozvieHmpTmstokmhtJoca`zi}hd(MdftmdjvS(M(^iztmzohdC(O(Muohs(Diphmzs@zium7FU^,:>>>(

MSMC MkizvSt}dfmsfhMozlvCbzfstfohftvMTL M~bmkmzfdmsTbmili`fcomLiuohfmhsmsMu_ Muoh`mlfcol_}oztmzlvMuT Muoh`mlfscbmTbmili`fmMr~Tfk Mr~isftizvTfkmsFht Fhtmz~zmtotfihFZK FhtmzhotfiholZmufmpieKfssfihFS^CA FhdfohSicfmtveiz^zikitfh`CbzfstfohAhiplmd`mFU^ FhtmzUozsftv^zmssGJL Gi}zholieJfjlfcolLftmzot}zmGMTS Gi}zholietbmMuoh`mlfcolTbmili`fcolSicfmtvGSHT Gi}zholeiztbmSt}dfmsietbmHmpTmstokmhtGSHTS Gi}zholeiztbmSt}dfmsie tbmHmpTmstokmhtS}~~lmkmht

SmzfmsGSIT Gi}zholeiztbmSt}dvietbmIldTmstokmht


10/31

r Mhci}htmzfh Gms}s7CbozoctmzSt}dfmsfhtbm@is~mlieGibhGTS Gi}zholieTbmili`fcolSt}dfmsGTSO Gi}zholieTbmili`veizSi}tbmzhOezfcoLS Li}uofhSt}dfmsLT^K

Li}uofh

Tbmili`fcol

%

ôstizol

Kihi`zo~bs

HJD Hmp Jfjlm Dfctfihozv( Mdftmd jv D(Z(P( Piid( 3d mdh(Lmfcmstmz7FU^,?665(

HCJ HmpCmht}zvJfjlmHCJC HmpCokjzfd`mJfjlmCikkmhtozvHFJ HmpFhtmz~zmtmzsJfjlmHFU HmpFhtmzhotfiholUmzsfihHiuT Hiu}kTmstokmht}kHiuTS}~ Hiu}kTmstokmht}kS}~~lmkmhtSmzfms

HZSU

HmpZmufsmd

Stohdozd

Umzsfih

HTS HmpTmstokmhtSt}dfmsI]^ Ireizd]hfumzsftv^zmssZmuMr~ ZmufmpohdMr~isftizSO^ SbmeefmldOcodmkfc^zmssSJMC St}dfmsfhJfjlmohdMozlvCbzfstfohftvSJL SicfmtvieJfjlfcolLftmzot}zmSJLOJ SicfmtvieJfjlfcolLftmzot}zmOcodmkfoJfjlfcoSJLDS SicfmtvieJfjlfcolLftmzot}zmDfssmztotfihSmzfms

SJLKS

Sicfmtvie

Jfjlfcol

Lftmzot}zm

Kihi`zo~b

Smzfms

SJLSJS SicfmtvieJfjlfcolLftmzot}zmSi}zcmseizJfjlfcolSt}dvSJLS^ SicfmtvieJfjlfcolLftmzot}zmSmkfhozô~mzsSHTSKS SicfmtveizHmpTmstokmhtSt}dfmsKihi`zo~bSmzfmsS^ Soczoô`fhoS^CA Sicfmtveiz^zikitfh`CbzfstfohAhiplmd`mStJL St}dfmsfhJfjlfcolLftmzot}zmStz(J( Stzoca, B(L(, ohd ^( Jfllmzjmca( Aikkmhtoz w}k Hm}mh

Tmstokmht o}s Tolk}d }hdKfdzoscb( 5 uils( K}hfcb7 Jmca,?6::5?(

TDHT Tbmili`fcol Dfctfihozv ie tbm Hmp Tmstokmht( Mdftmdjv @(Afttml ohd @( Ezfmdzfcb( Tzohslotmdjv @(P( Jzikflmv( ?>uils(@zohdZo~fds7Mmzdkohs,?65405(

TS Tbmili`fcolSt}dfmsTTid Tbmili`vTidovTvhJ TvhdolmJ}llmtfhUT Umt}sTmstokmht}kPJC PizdJfjlfcolCikkmhtozv

PGA

PmstkfhstmzGibh

Ahir

P]HT Pfssmhscboetlfcbm]htmzs}cb}h`mhw}kHm}mhTmstokmhtPP PizdohdPizld


11/31

Fhtzid}ctfih

Olltbmpizldsosto`m,ohdolltbmkmhohdpikmhkmzmlv~lovmzsP(Sboams~mozm

^mi~lmozm

fhtmzmstmd

fh

~mi~lm

ohd

lfam

ti

bmoz

tbmfz

stizfms(

Tbm

o~~mol

ie

oìidhiuml,kiufmizjfi`zo~bvfstbotftdzopsihmfhtitbmstizvsitbotpmfdmhtfevpftbihmizkizmietbmcbozoctmzs(Sikmo}tbizspzftmsfk~lvtimhtmztofhzmodmzs,pbflmitbmzspzftmfhizdmzti~mzs}odmtbmfzzmodmzsie o ~oztfc}loz ufmp~ifht( Tbm o}tbiz ieGibhs ìs~ml eolls fh tbm lottmzcotmìzv(?Gibhmr~lfcftlvstotmsbfs~}z~ismfh:>73>3?7

HipGms}sdfdkohvitbmzsf`hsfhtbm~zmsmhcmiebfsdfscf~lms,pbfcbozmhitpzfttmhfhtbfsjiia(J}ttbmsmozmpzfttmhsitbotvi}kovcikmtijmlfmumtbotGms}sfstbmKmssfob,tbmSihie@id,ohdtbottbzi}`bjmlfmufh`vi}kovboumlfemfhbfshokm(

Fh izdmz ti occik~lfsb tbfs ~}z~ismGibh dmlfjmzotmlv ~}ts ih tbm sto`muozfi}s cbozoctmzs tbot fhtmzoctpftbGms}s, ~zid}cfh` oh ozzov iejmlfmezms~ihsms(Tbfsjiia tiibosos~mcfefc~}z~ism7 ti~zmsmht tbmGibohhfhmcbozoctmzs,ms~mcfollvtbmfzzms~ihsmstiGms}s,fhizdmzticbollmh`mzmodmzstimuol}otmtbmfzstohcmzmòzdfh`Gms}s( Boufh`st}dfmdtbm@is~mlieGibh fhzmcmhtvmozs,Fzmci`hfwmtbmzmlmuohcm ohd}hfumzsolftvieGibhs o~~mol eizbfs zmodmzsih tbm s}jgmct ieGms}s(EizGibh,Gms}sfstbmcmhtzolef`}zmfhb}kohbfstizvpbicokmfhtitbm

pizld

ti

~ziufdm

dfufhm,

mumzlostfh`

lfem

ohd

ti

zmumol

@id

"ce(

?7??2&(

Gibh?74stotmstbotfhbfkposlfem,ohdtbmzmstietbmìs~mls}jstohtfotmstbfs clofk(Gms}s fs tbm~zitoìhfst fhGibhs stizvohduozfi}s cbozoctmzsfhtmzoctpftbbfk(Sfhcm~mi~lmszms~ihsmtiGms}sfscz}cfolpmk}stst}dvtbmsmcbozoctmzs(Tbfsjiiafstbmefzste}lllmh`tbtzmotkmhtieolltbmGibohhfhmcbozoctmzspbimhci}htmzGms}s( Tbmzmfsohitbmzfk~iztohtzotfiholmeiztbfsjiia(Fhtbmlosttbfztvvmozstbmzm bosjmmh oh fhczmosmd fhtmzmst fh tbm Jfjlm os lftmzot}zm ohd stizv(Lftmzozvkmtbidsboumjmmho~~lfmdtiGibhsìs~mlkofhlvfhtbmeizkiehozzotfum

czftfcfsk

ohd

zmodmz

zms~ihsm

czftfcfsk

ohd

boum

~ziumh

ez}fte}l(

Gibhsìs~ml,tbmh,fstbmstizvieGms}sCbzfstostizvpftbo~lit,mumhts

?Pmcihtmhdtbottbmo}tbizietbfsìs~ml fstbmJmliumdDfscf~lm,pbikpm tmhtotfumlv

fdmhtfevosGibhtbmsihieWmjmdmm"smmcb(:?&(


12/31

: Mhci}htmzfh Gms}s7CbozoctmzSt}dfmsfhtbm@is~mlieGibh

ohdcbozoctmzs(Pbflmk}cbbosjmmhpzfttmhihmumhtsohdihtbmli`fcolizco}solsmq}mhcmiemumhtscollmd~lit,cbozoctmzo~~mozstijmtbmhm`lmctmdcbfld(Tbmzmfshicik~zmbmhsfumtbmizviecbozoctmzfhmftbmzlftmzozvtbmizv

izjfjlfcol

czftfcfsk,

ohd

tbmzmeizm

hi

cihsmhs}s

okih`st

scbilozs

ih

bip

ti

oholvsmohdclossfevcbozoctmzs(MlsmpbmzmFboumdmumli~mdocik~zmbmhsfumtbmizviecbozoctmzfhtbm@is~mlieGibhtbotFoko~~lvfhòhdtmstfh`fhtbfsjiia(:Ospmsbollsmm,kistscbilozsufmptbmGibohhfhmcbozoctmzsosihmdfkmhsfihol"tv~ms&ohd}hcboh`fh`(Tbfsjiiaofksti~ziufdmoezmsboholvsfsietbmGibohhfhmcbozoctmzsohdtbmfzzms~ihsmstiGms}s,sbipfh`tbotkohvcbozoctmzsozmkizmcik~lmr,zi}hdohddmumli~fh`tbohkistscbilozspi}ldboum}sjmlfmum( Jmeizmpmstoztpftbi}zkofh tosapmpflljzfmelvcihsfdmzpbotitbmz

scbilozsboum

dihm

"ohd

hit

dihm&

ih

tbm

s}jgmct

ie

cbozoctmz

fh

tbm

@is~ml

ieGibh(QTbmzmodmzpbifshitfhtmzmstmdfhodmtoflmdzmufmpkovsaf~tbmhmrtsmctfihohdìdfzmctlvtitbmsmctfih Tbm@o~spbfcbs}ks}~tbm loc}hom fhGibohhfhm cbozoctmz st}dfms([ Tbmh,pm sboll mr~lofh bippm }hdmzstohd,oholvsmohdclossfevcbozoctmz fhGibhshozzotfum fhsbizt,i}z tbmizviecbozoctmz(Oetmz tbot,pmpfll fhtzid}cmGibhsstizvieGms}s fhpbfcb tbmcbozoctmzso~~moz,ohdefhollv,pmpflls~mlli}ttbm~lohohdo~~ziocbietbmjiia(

^zmufi}sSt}dfmsihGibohhfhmCbozoctmz

I}zsfshittbmefzstst}dvihGibohhfhmcbozoctmzssipmpfllmrokfhmitbmzscihtzfj}tfihstitbms}jgmctfhizdmztiefzklvohcbizi}zpiza(OsSfzFsoocHmptihsofd,FeFboumsmmhe}ztbmz(((ftfsjvstohdfh`}~ihtbmsbi}ldmzsie`fohts(Tbfss}zumvpfllbml~}sfdmhtfevtbmq}mstfihstbotboumjmmhlmet}hohspmzmdohd fss}ms tbotboumjmmh fhs}eefcfmhtlvdmoltpftb(Pmpflldzopottmhtfihtitbismscbilozspbiboum~ziufdmdsf`hfefcohtcikkmhtozv

ihtbm

s}jgmct

ie

Gibohhfhm

cbozoctmzfwotfih(

Kist

st}dfms

ih

tbm

s}jgmct

boumjmmhdihm fh tbm lost tpidmcodms, cizzms~ihdfh` ti tbm fhczmosfh`fhtmzmstfhtbm@is~mlieGibhosolftmzozvpiza( Ihm ie tbm mozlfmst tzmotfsms ihGibohhfhm cbozoctmzs fs oh oztfclm ezik?6=5jvMuoAzoeet(3Fhel}mhcmdjvZ}dileJ}ltkohhscikkmhtozvihGibh,sbmoz`}mstbotGibhkodmbfscbozoctmzstv~fcollvtzohs~ozmhtohdtbottbmv~mzsihfevocmztofhottft}dmtiGms}s(Hmrt,ZovkihdCillfhspzitmolmh`tbvoztfclm ihGibohhfhm cbozoctmzs fh ?605 "zm~zfhtmd fh ?66>&, ohd oddmd osmcihdmssovfh?66=(4Bmoz`}mstbottbmuozfi}scbozoctmzsfhGibhsìs~ml

:C(Jmhhmko,OTbmizvieCbozoctmzfhtbmEi}ztb@is~mlpftbZmemzmhcmtiOhcfmhtohd

KidmzhLftmzot}zm,JfjFht?0":>>6&730=4:?(Jmlip,pm~ziufdmos}kkozviei}ztbmizv(3M(Azoeet,Dfm^mzsihmhdmsGibohhmsmuoh`mlf}ks,MuT?5"?6=5&7?23:(4Z(E(Cillfhs, Zm~zmsmhtotfum Ef`}zms, fhTbmsmTbfh`sBoumJmmhPzfttmh7 St}dfms ih tbm

Ei}ztb @is~ml "LT^K :1 Li}uofh)@zohd Zo~fds7 ^mmtmzs ^zmss)Mmzdkohs, ?66>&, ?4=1 zm~z(


13/31

GibhPfthmssôzMrcmllmhcm

Tmstfkihvfslfamohozzipsbitezikolih`jipohdtbmeizcmieftdm~mhdsihtbmstzmh`tbietbmozkezikpbfcbftpossbitOhihvki}s

Tbmefzstb}kohcbozoctmzkmhtfihmdfhGibhsìs~mlfsGibh"?75&(?Oltbi}`bGibh fshmumzcollmd Jo~tfstiz Jo~tfwmz, tbm zmemzmhcms tibfsjo~tfwfhòctfuftfmsfh?7:=33ohd37:3oss}zm}stbotbmfstbmsokm~mzsihpmefhdfhtbmSvhi~tfcs(Ufzt}ollvollscbilozso`zmmihtbmcbozoctmzfwotfihieGibhfhGibhsìs~ml7bm fsopfthmss(Tbmo}tbizbosstzf~~mdGibhieolkistolldmtoflszmòzdfh`bfsfdmhtftvohdoctfihs,zmd}cfh`bfktioelotcbozoctmzpbismsfh`lmzilmfstitmstfevtiGms}s(:Tbfscbozoctmzfwotfih,bipmumz,fsohiumzsfk~lfefcotfih(Oltbi}`bGibh fs~zfkozflv~zmsmhtmdosopfthmss,bfs

cbozoctmzfwotfihfs

cik~lmr

ohd

k}ltfeocmtmd

bfs

sfh`lm

tzoft

fs

hit

osfk~lm

tzoft(PmsbollsmmtbotGibhfshitopfthmsssm~ozotmezikbfsitbmzzilms1zotbmz,bmfsopfthmssfhtbmsmzilms(Gibhsitbmzzilmsiejo~tfwmz,bmzoldohdeizmz}hhmz,tmocbmz,jmstkohohdlok~fheoctdmefhmbfszilmosopfthmss(

GibhtbmPfthmss

Tbm ^zili`}m fhtzid}cmsGibh os o@ido~~ifhtmdpfthmss ti tbm dfufhm

LiìsLf`bt

Gms}s(3

Tbm

o}tbiz

clozfefms

tbot

Gibh

bfksmle

fs

hit

tbm

lf`bt

j}t tbmihmpbi tmstfefmsoji}t ft "?72&(TbmGibohhfhmcihcm~tiepfthmssbos stzih` eizmhsfc iumztihms fh tbot tbm stizv ieGms}s fs smtpftbfh tbmezokmpizaieo ciskfc tzfoliz lops}ft(4 Fh tbfs tzfol, tbmGmps~zismc}tm

?Tbfs cbo~tmz fs o cihcfsmumzsfihieC(Jmhhmko, TbmCbozoctmzieGibh fh tbmEi}ztb

@is~ml,GMTS=:":>>6&7:0?24(Fhtbfscbo~tmz, GibhzmemzstiGibhtbmJo~tfstohd o}tbizzmemzstiGibhtbmo}tbizietbfsìs~ml(

:M(`(P(Pfha,GibhtbmJo~tfstfhtbm@is~mlTzodftfih"SHTSKS01Cokjzfd`m7C]^,?652&,

26,

?>=1

Cillfhs,

Ef`}zms,

?>??1

fdmk,

Gibh,

35?:1

C}l~m~~mz,

Ohotikv,

?3:31

Doufms,

Zbmtizfc, 3?51G(M(Tovliz,Tbm Fkkmzsmz7Gibh tbm Jo~tfst pftbfh Smcihd Tmk~lmG}dofsk "@zohdZo~fds7Mmzdkohs,?660&,:,?6=1Cihpov,Okjf`}ftv,33>(

3Tbmumzjtitmstfevohdtbmhi}htmstfkihvozm}smdezmq}mhtlvpftbzmemzmhcmtiGibh

"?70Q:r[,2,?=,?6,3:,34137:51=733&(4Smmms~(O(M(Bozumv,Gms}sihTzfol7OSt}dv fh tbmEi}ztb@is~ml "Lihdih7S^CA,?605&1

O(O(Tzftms,TbmHmpTmstokmhtCihcm~tiePfthmss"SHTSKS3?1Cokjzfd`m7C]^,?600&,02?:01


14/31

GibhPfthmssôzMrcmllmhcm :3Gms}seizbfsdfufhmclofksti~ziufdmmtmzhollfem,tipizaih@idsjmboleohdtiboumo}hfq}mzmlotfihsbf~pftbbfk(Osfhohvtzfol,ftfscz}cfoltiboumczmdfjlmpfthmssmspftbo s}stofhojlm tmstfkihv,pbipfll s~moa}~

ohdhit

zmkofh

sflmht(

Fh

tbfs

cihtmrt

Gms}s

colls

}~

uozfi}s

pfthmssms,

fhcl}dfh`Gibh "=73?32&(Gibhs ìs~ml kmhtfihs emoz ie tbmGmps os okogiz eoctiz tbot co}sms ~mi~lm ti pftbbild tbmfz tmstfkihv "07?31 67::1?:74:1?67321:>7?6&(Osotz}mpfthmss,bipmumz,Gibhdimshitzmkofhsflmhtj}ti~mhlv tmstfefmsjmeizm tbmG}domohzmlf`fi}s lmodmzspbmh tbmvsmhtodmlmòtfih ti efhd i}t pbi bm fs "?7?6:2&( Pm koam tpi ijsmzuotfihs(Efzst, Gibhs tmstfkihv jmeizm tbm zmlf`fi}s o}tbizftfms bos o ciskfcdfkmhsfihsfhcmtbmGmpsozmtbm~zfkozvzm~zmsmhtotfumsietbmpizld"ce(cb(4&(Smcihd,Gibh e}hctfihsosopfthmss fh tbmcihtmrtiebfsjo~tfwfh`

octfuftv"?7:2&,

pbfcb

fk~lfms

tbot

Gibh

fs

hit

opfthmss

o~ozt

ezik

bfs

zilm

osjo~tfwmzj}t~zmcfsmlvosjo~tfwmz( Tbm ~}z~ism ieGibhs tmstfkihv fs ti mlfcftjmlfme "?70& o lfem`fufh`jmlfme fhGms}s os tbm fkkmdfotm ohd pfdmz cihtmrt fhdfcotms "?7?:1 37351:>73?&(Tpi~osso`msdmkihstzotmtbotGibhstmstfkihvdimsfhdmmdco}sm~mi~lmtijmlfmumfhGms}s(Efzst,Gibh~ifhtsbfsiphdfscf~lmstiGms}s,pftbtbm zms}lt tbot tbmv stozt ti eillipGms}s "?73=36&ohd siih mr~zmss tbmfzjmlfme fh bfk ":7??&( Smcihd, oetmzjmfh` tbzmotmhmdjv tbmGmps,Gms}smsco~mstiJmtbohvpbmzmkohv~mi~lmjmlfmumfhbfkosozms}ltieGibhs

mozlfmztmstfkihv

"?>74>4:&(

Tbfs

solufefc

fhtmhtfih

ie

tmstfkihv

fs

oh

fk~iztohtGibohhfhm tbmkm7josmdih tbmSokozftohpikohs tmstfkihv,kohv ie bmz emllipufllo`mzsjmlfmum fhGms}s "47:2:6, 36&1 tbm dfscf~lmse}t}zmtmstfkihvfsmr~mctmdtimlfcftjmlfme"?07:>&,ohdGibhsìs~mlftsmle"osopzfttmh tmstfkihv& fhtmhds ti~zid}cmo lfem`fufh`jmlfmeokih` ftszmodmzs"?673=1:>73?&(Bmhcm,tmstfkihvfsfhstz}kmhtolfh~mi~lmcikfh`tijmlfmum ohd Gibh e}hctfihs os o ~ozodf`kotfc pfthmss pbi fs dfufhmlvo}tbizfwmdtitmstfevsitbot~mi~lmkf`btjmlfmumfhGms}s(

GibhtbmJo~tfwmz

Fh cihtzost ti tbm Svhi~tfcs,Gibh fs hmumz collmd Jo~tfst iz Jo~tfwmzjmco}smtbmo}tbizboszmdmefhmdbfszilmeziktbotieojo~tfwmz~ziclofkfhòjo~tfskiezm~mhtohcmeiztbmeiz`fumhmssiesfhs"Koza?74&tiopfthmss~ziclofkfh` tbm fdmhtftv ie Fszomls kmssfob "?73?&( Hmumztbmlmss, Gibhsìs~mlboshitdfskfssmdGibhsjo~tfwfh`kfhfstzv,os?7:=33137:31?>74>koamclmoz(

Gibh

o~~mozs

ti

kium

ezmmlv

fh

tbm

pfldmzhmss

olih`

tbm

Gizdoh

uollmv,

jmtpmmhJmtbohvfh^mzomo"?7:2137:51?>74>&ohdOmhihfhSokozfo"37:3&(Bm~locmsbfksmlehitg}stlftmzollvj}tolsitbmili`fcollvfhtbmpfldmzhmss

O(T(Lfhcilh,Tz}tb ihTzfol7 Tbm Lops}ftKitfe fh tbm Ei}ztb @is~ml "^mojidv7Bmhdzfcasih,:>>>&(


15/31

:4 Mhci}htmzfh Gms}s7CbozoctmzSt}dfmsfhtbm@is~mlieGibhjvq}itfh` ezik Fsofob 4>73 "?7:3&( Fh tbmIldTmstokmht, tbmpfldmzhmssposietmho~locmie~zm~ozotfihohdtmstfh`,ossmmhfhtbmlfumsieKismsohdDoufd,j}t~oztfc}lozlvpbmhFszomlposlmdi}tieM`v~tfhtitbmpfldmz

hmssohd

mstojlfsbmd

os

@ids

~mi~lm

ot

Ki}ht

Sfhof

"Mrid(

?6,

:4&(

Cihsm

q}mhtlv,ozmt}zhtitbmpfldmzhmsspi}ldhot}zollvmuiamtbmfdmoieohmpmrid}sohdtbmmr~mctmdkmssfohfco`m"Fso(3=7?:14>73=1Bis(:7?4:31Mwma(:>733441?_S27?:?5&(=SfhcmFsofob4>73fs~locmdfhtbmcihtmrtieFszomlse}t}zmzmstizotfihohdjo~tfskhot}zollvmuiamstbmfdmoieclmohsfh`,Gibh~zijojlvufmpmdbfksmleostbm~zi~bmtfcbmzoldieFszomlscikfh`zmstizotfihohdbfsjo~tfskposfhsikmpov~zm~ozotizveiztbfsmumht(5 Jmeizmmrokfhfh`bipGibhsjo~tfskfszmlotmdtitbotieGms}s,pmk}stefzstdmtmzkfhmpftbpbfcbjo~tfskieGms}spmk}stcik~ozmGibhsjo~tfsk

sfhcmtbm

o}tbiz

kmhtfihs

tpi

afhds

ie

jo~tfsk

tbot

Gms}s

odkfhfstmzs

ihm

pftb)fhtbmS~fzft"?733&ohdohitbmzpftb)fhpotmz"37::,:5147?&(0Oltbi}`bfh o cik~ozfsih ie Gibhs potmzjo~tfsk pftb tbot ieGms}s,Gms}s poso~~ozmhtlvkizms}ccmsse}l"37:5147?&,Fs}``msttbottbmo}tbizsfhtmhdmdcihtzost fsjmtpmmhGibhs potmzjo~tfsk ohdGms}s S~fzftjo~tfsk "ce(?7:5ohd?733&(2Fboumoz`}mdmlsmpbmzmtbotGms}sjo~tfwfh`~mi~lmpftbtbmBilv S~fzft fs o~zi`zokkotfc stotmkmht eizGms}s mhtfzmkfhfstzvieclmohsfhòhd soufh`~mi~lm tbzi}`bbfs zmumlotizvpizdjvkmohs ie tbmS~fzft(6Tbmzmeizm,pbflmGibhspotmzjo~tfskpos~zm~ozotizveizsoluotfih

ohd~zijojlv

bod

oh

os~mct

ie

clmohsfh`,

Gms}s

S~fzft

jo~tfsk

~ziufdmd

o`zmotmzclmohsfh`tbmtoafhòpoviesfhmeemctfh`soluotfih "?7:61?37?>1

?=73&( Oltbi}`bpms}``mstmdtbotGibhsjo~tfskpos~zm~ozotizveizFszomlsmr~mctmdzmstizotfihohdtbmcikfh`Kmssfob,tbfs~}z~ismfss}jizdfhotmdti tbmkofh ~}z~ism ieGibhsjo~tfsk,pbfcbpm efhd fh bfs tmstfkihv

=Ce(D(C(Ollfsih,Ki}htofhohdPfldmzhmss,fhDG@,=54(5Kist scbilozs tidov dmhv oh ossicfotfihjmtpmmhGibh ohd tbm_}kzoh cikk}hftv,

pbfcb pos olsi licotmd fh tbm pfldmzhmss ohd ahmp ie ~}zfefcotizv potmz zftms "m(`( B(Stm`mkohh,

TbmLfjzozvie_}kzoh7Ih tbmMssmhms,_}kzoh,Gibh tbmJo~tfst,ohdGms}s Q@zohd

Zo~fds7Mmzdkohs,?662[,::?=1Tovliz,Fkkmzsmz,?=42&(Hmumztbmlmss,Gibhosovi}tbkovboum bod cihtoct pftb tbm _}kzoh cikk}hftv j}t lotmz bod o dfstfhct kfhfstzv "G(C(UohdmzAok,TbmDmodSmoSczillsTidov Q@zohdZo~fds7Mmzdkohs,?664[,?0>1G(O(Eftwkvmz,TbmDmodSmoSczillsohdCbzfstfohIzf`fhsQ@zohdZo~fds7Mmzdkohs,:>>>[,?2:?&(

0IhlvGibhsìs~mlkmhtfihs tbotGms}sjo~tfwmspftbpotmz,ohd Fmr~lofhmdmlsmpbmzm

tbotjitbGibhohdGms}sjo~tfwmdotdfeemzmhtlicotfihs}htflGibhposozzmstmd"ce(37:4&ohdGms}slmetG}domoottbmsf`btie~issfjlmtzi}jlm"47?3&"Jmhhmko,Gibh,:0=5&(

2Tovlizihlvsmmstbmcihtfh}ftvjmtpmmhGibhohdGms}s,oz`}fh`tbotGms}s"ohdlotmztbm

mozlvcb}zcb&sfk~lvcihtfh}mdGibhstmocbfhòhdjo~tfsk"Fkkmzsmz,:606,3?45&(Bipmumz,

Octs

?27:4:51

?67?0

zmumol

tbot

Gibhs

jo~tfsk

pos

zodfcollv

dfeemzmht

ezik

Cbzfstfoh

jo~tfsk(

6C(Jmhhmko,S~fzftJo~tfskfhtbmEi}ztb@is~ml7OKmssfohfcZmodfhìeGibh?,33,Jfj

24":>>3&73=5>(CihtzoG(Z(Kfcbomls,pbicihtmhdstbotGms}shmumzjo~tfwmdpftbtbmBilvS~fzftd}zfh`bfskfhfstzvj}tihlvfhtbmkohhmzieGibh"Jo~tfskohdCihumzsfihfhGibh7Oôztfc}loz Jo~tfst Zmodfh`, fh Jo~tfsk, tbm Hmp Tmstokmht ohd tbm Cb}zcb7 Bfstizfcol ohdCihtmk~izozv St}dfms fh Bihi}z ie Z(M(I( Pbftm Qmd( S(M(îztmz ohdO(Z(Cziss1GSHTS ?0?1Sbmeefmld7SO^,?666[,?35,?4>4?1ce(Pfha,Gibh,6=&(


16/31

GibhPfthmssôzMrcmllmhcm :=jmeizmFszomlfh?7:634pbmzmGibh~zmsmhtsGms}stibfso}dfmhcm}sfhòh}hkotcbmd stzfh` ie cbzfstili`fcol stotmkmhts( Fhftfollv,Gibh bfksmledfdhitahiptbmfdmhtftvietbmKmssfob"?73?&j}t@idzmumolmdtibfktbotft

pi}ldjm

tbm

ihm

ih

pbik

tbm

S~fzft

dmscmhds

ohd

zmkofhs

"?733&(

Gibh

pi}ldtbmhjmojlmtizmumoltbfskmssfohfcef`}zmtiFszomlohdtbfsposmroctlvtbm~}z~ismiebfsjo~tfwfh`kfhfstzv"?73?&(Tb}s,pbflmtbmo}tbizfk~lfcftlv ~zmsmzums tbm tzodftfihol }hdmzstohdfh` ieGibhsjo~tfsk, bmzmdmefhms fts~}z~ism fho`zmmkmhtpftbbfs cbozoctmzfwotfihieGibhosopfthmss(Tbmkofh~}z~ismieGibhsjo~tfskpos ti fdmhtfevGms}sos tbmKmssfobohdtizmumolbfkoss}cbjmeizmFszoml(Ospmijsmzumdfh?7?6:2,ftfs~zmcfsmlvosjo~tfwmztbotGibhfsopfthmsstiGms}s(

GibhtbmBmzoldohdEizmz}hhmz

Gibhsmmsbfksmleosjmfh` fhtohdmkpftbGms}s,pbmzmbm~zmcmdmsGms}sosbfseizmz}hhmz"?7?=,:0,3>&(Gibhmhf`kotfcollvstotmstbotbfss}ccmssizfsoct}ollvobmodjmco}smbmposefzst"?7?=,3>&efzstfhtbotGms}smrfstmdjmeizmGibh"?7?:1ce(27=2&ohdfss}~mzfiztibfk"ce(?7:0&( Tbm~iztzovolieGibhosobmzold,bipmumz,fskizmsf`hfefcoht(_}itfh`Fsofob4>73,Gibhdmclozms,Fokouifcmsbi}tfh`fhtbmpfldmzhmss,Koam

stzof`bttbm

pov

ie

tbm

Lizd(

"?7:3&(

Fsofob

4>

jm`fhs

okmsso`m

ie

cihsilo

tfih, bi~m ohd tbm ~zikfsm ie Fszomls mscbotili`fcol zmstizotfih( Fh tbfscihtmrt,Fsofob4>73s~moasie~zm~ozfhòhdkoafh`stzof`bttbmpovietbmLizd(Ti~zm~ozmizkoamopov fh tbmpfldmzhmss fso~fct}zmiecikfh`soluotfih,mcbifh`tbmmrid}spbmzm@idlmdtbmFszomlftmsolih`tbmpovtbzi}`btbmpfldmzhmss"Mrid(?37:?&(?>Bmhcm,tbmpovietbmLizdfstbmpoviesoluotfihihpbfcb@idpflllmodbfs~mi~lm(FhGibhs}hdmzstohdfh`,tbm LizdieFsofob4>73hipzmemzstiGms}sos@idso`mhtieFszomlssoluotfih(Itbmz~osso`msfhFsofob,s}cbos3=7??>1437?4:?14672?:1ohd

5:7??:,olsi

kmhtfih

tbm

pfldmzhmss

pov

soluotfih

hmr}s(

Bmhcm,

@ids

tzohseizkotfihietbmpfldmzhmssoso~fct}zmieFszomlse}t}zmzmstizotfihfsodikfhohtFsofohfckitfe, fhpbfcb tbmpfldmzhmssohd tbmhmppov tbot@idcihstz}ctsfhftmuiamtbmfko`mietbmmrid}sohdsoluotfih( Gibh ?7:3 kov oll}dm ti tbfs cik~lmr pmj ie fdmos oji}t Fszomlsmscbotili`fcolsoluotfih,pbmzmGibhufmpsbfksmleostbmbmzoldieFszomlshmpmrid}spbfcbpflljmjzi}`btoji}tjvGms}s(Pbmhpmcikjfhm?7:3ohd ?73:33 ?73: olsi ~zmsmhts oh Fsofohfckitfe sfhcm tbm cikfh` ohdzmkofhfhìetbmS~fzft}~ihGms}soll}dmstiFsofob??7:ftfso~~ozmhttbot

Gibh}hdmzstohds

Gms}s

ti

jm

@ids

kmssfohfc

o`mht

ie

tbm

hmp

mrid}s

pbi

pfllclmohsmohdzmstizmFszomljvkmohsietbmS~fzft(Oòfh,pmefhdtbotftfs~zmcfsmlvfhbfszilmosbmzoldtbotGibhfsopfthmsstiGms}s(

?>Ce(L(Zvamhmtol(, ôtb, fhDfctfihozvieJfjlfcol Fko`mzv "Diphmzs@zium7 FU^,?662&,

53?(


17/31

:5 Mhci}htmzfh Gms}s7CbozoctmzSt}dfmsfhtbm@is~mlieGibhGibhtbmTmocbmz

Fh37:5,GibhfscollmdZojjf,pbfcbkmohstmocbmz"ce(?732&(??FhG}dofsko

zojjfbod

dfscf~lms,

ohd

fhdmmd

si

dims

Gibh

"?73=1

37:=&(

]sfh`

bfs

fhel}mhcm

os o tmocbmz,Gibh dfzmcts bfs dfscf~lms tiGms}s( Ih ihm iccosfih,Gibhtmstfefmstitpiiebfsdfscf~lmszmòzdfh`Gms}s,co}sfh`tbmktilmoumbfkohdgifhGms}s,f(m(Gms}sefzstdfscf~lmspmzmeillipmzsieGibh"?73=36&(Ihohitbmziccosfih,Gibhsdfscf~lmsozmtzi}jlmdtbotGms}sfsjmcikfh`kizms}ccmsse}ltbohtbmfztmocbmz"37:51ce(47?&,ohdfhtbmlf`btie?73=30~mzbo~skizmieGibhsdfscf~lmsboumìhmiumztiGms}s(Gibhzmkofhs}hcihcmzhmdohd bfs tmocbfh` fh 37:03> sbips tbot tbfs fs tbm pbilm ~ifht ie bfskfhfstzv"ce(?>74>4:&(

Gibhs

ìs~ml

dims

hit

kmhtfih

tbm

cihtmht

ie

Gibhs

tmocbfh`,

mrcm~t

tbot fto~~mozs tijm tbmcihtmhtiebfs tmstfkihv "?7?=,?635137:03>&( Ftfhcl}dmstbmeillipfhòssmztfihs7"f&Gms}sfskizmfk~iztohttbohbm"?7?=,:0,3>&1"ff&bmfshikogizmscbotili`fcolef`}zm"?7?6:?137:2&1"fff&bmfstbm~zi~bmtfcuifcmohhi}hcfh`tbmcikfh`Kmssfobohdtbmhmpmrid}s"?7:3137:2&1 "fu&Gms}s fs tbmLokjie@idpbi toamsopov tbmsfhie tbmpizld"?7:6, 35&1 "u&Gms}s fs tbm S~fzftohifhtmdKmssfob "?73:&1 "uf&Gms}s fs tbmS~fzftJo~tfwmzpbflmbmkmzmlvjo~tfwmspftbpotmz"?7:5,33&1"uff&Gms}sfstbmSihizCbismhIhmie@id"?734&1"ufff&Gms}sfstbmjzfdm`ziikpbflm

bmfs

tbm

jmst

koh

"37:6&1

"fr&

Gms}s

k}st

fhczmosm

pbflm

bm

k}st

dmczmosm

"373>&( Tbmkofhemot}zmieGibhstmocbfh`fstbotbmcihtfh}ollvdmefhmsbfksmleohdbfs zilm os s}jizdfhotm tiGms}s(Ot tbm sokm tfkm,Gibhs tmstfkihvsbipsbfs~ziei}hd}hdmzstohdfhìeGms}s(EizGibh,Gms}s fs tbmS~fzftmk~ipmzmdKmssfobpbipfll toam opov sfh ohdjzfh` oji}t tbm hmpkmssfohfco`m(Oltbi}`bGibhhmumzdfzmctlvzms~ihdstiGms}s,bfscihemssfihszmòzdfh`Gms}sozmufzt}ollvjmlfmezms~ihsms, fhdfcotfh` tbotbmbosohodmq}otm}hdmzstohdfhìeGms}s fdmhtftvohdkfssfih(Pmk}sthitm

tbot, os o tmocbmz,Gibh tmstfefms zmòzdfh`Gms}s ohd ~ifhts bfs dfscf~lmstipozdsbfk(

GibhtbmJmstKoh

Ocihtziumzsviumz~}zfefcotfihco}smsGibhsdfscf~lmsticik~lofhtitbmfzkostmztbotGms}sfsjmcikfh`kizms}ccmsse}ltbohbm,j}tGibh~}tsbfksmleefzklvihGms}ssfdm"37:=3>&(?:Tbmoz`}kmhtfh37:6boskistsf`hfefcohcm

??Hfcidmk}s"37?>&ohdGms}s"?732146137:1473?157:=1??7:21?37?3?4&ozmolsidmsf`hotmd

ostmocbmzs(?:

CihtzotbismpbicihtmhdtbottbmzmposozfuolzvjmtpmmhGibhsdfscf~lmsohdtbismieGms}s"m(`(Z(J}ltkohh,Tbm@is~mlieGibhQtzohs(@(Z(JmoslmvK}zzov1^bflodml~bfo7Pmstkfhstmz^zmss,?60?[,?500:&,izjmtpmmhtbmGibohhfhmCbzfstfohsohdtbmeillipmzsieGibhtbmJo~tfst


18/31

GibhPfthmssôzMrcmllmhcm :0eizGibhscbozoctmzfwotfihjmco}smbmcostsbfksmlefhtbmhmpzilmiejmstkoh(Bm,ojz}~tlv ft smmks,jzfh`s}~ tbm fko`mzvieopmddfh`, sovfh`tbot tbm ihmpbibos tbmjzfdm fs tbmjzfdm`ziik ohdbmhcm tbmkist

fk~iztohtihm

ohd

tbm

jmst

koh

s}~~izts

tbm

jzfdm`ziik

"lftmzollv,

tbm

ihm pbi stohds pftb bfk& "37:6&( Bipmumz, pmddfh` fko`mzv emot}zms~zikfhmhtlvfhtbmsicollmdezikCohotiCohosmctfih"Gibh:4&(Oòfhsttbmjocadzi~ieopmddfh`,Gms}s~mzeizksokfzoclmfhCoho,fhdfcotfh tbmozzfuolietbmhmpkmssfohfco`m(?3Lotmz,Gms}smhci}htmzpftbtbmSokozftohpikohsvkjilfwmstbms~fzft}oljmtzitbolieGms}spftbtbismpbijmlfmumfh bfk(?4 Bmhcm, tbm kmhtfih ieGms}s osjzfdm`ziik ohd tbm tbmh stfll}hahiphjzfdm fh 37:6 eftspftbfh tbmh}~tfol cihtmrt ieGibh : 4 ohdohtfcf~otmstbmstizvietbmSokozftohpikoh(

Fh

Gmpfsb

tzodftfih,

tbm

e}hctfih

ie

tbm

jmst

koh

iz

sbisbjfh

pos

ti

jm

opfthmssottbmpmddfhòbf`blvbihi}zmd~isftfihotogive}lmumht(?=Ei}z

zmlotmdos~mctsieGibhossbisbjfhozmbf`blf`btmdfh37:6(Efzst,Gibhfstbmjzfdm`ziiks ezfmhd "ce(k(Sohbmdzfh37=pbmzm tbmjmstkoh fscollmd tbm`ziiks ezfmhd&,dmhitfh`bfs fhtfkocvpftbGms}s "ce(?=7?3?=&(Smcihd,bm stohds pftb tbm jzfdm`ziik ti `fum s}~~izt( Tbfzd, Gibh bmozs tbmjzfdm`ziiks uifcm,pbfcb mlsmpbmzmbos solufefc iumztihms "=7:=1 ?>734,?5&(Ei}ztb,Gibhzmgifcms`zmotlvotbmozfh`tbmjzfdm`ziiksuifcmsfhcmftfhdfcotms tbot tbm jzfdm`ziik bos cihs}kkotmd tbm kozzfo`m(?5 F boum

oz`}mdmlsmpbmzm

tbot

giv

fh

Gibhs

ìs~ml

zmemzs

ti

odfufhm

mkitfih

zms}ltfh` ezik~oztfcf~otfh` fh ohd e}lefllfh`@idspiza fh tbfspizld(?0Tb}s, Gibhs giv fs tbm giv ie ahipfh` tbot Gms}s bos ozzfumd os tbmkmssfohfcjzfdm`ziikpbipflljzfh`@idssoluotfih,dm~fctmdbmzmosokozzfo`m"ce(Fso(5:7=1Bis(:7?6:>&(Gms}spfllsvkjilfcollv cihs}kkotmtbmkozzfo`mfhbfsmhci}htmzpftbtbmSokozftohpikoh(Tb}s,ostbmjmstkoh,GibhzmgifcmsfhohdtmstfefmstitbmozzfuolieGms}sostbmmscbotili`fcoljzfdm`ziiktiòtbmzbfsjzfdm,f(m(tbismpbijmlfmumfhbfk(

fhtbmo}tbizsiphtfkm"m(`(Jziph,Cikk}hftv,:63?,560?&(Eizoczftfq}m,smmPfha,Gibh,62?>=( Occizdfh` ti Tovliz,Gibh ~ismd o ~zijlmk eiz tbm mozlv cb}zcbjmco}sm bm pos osf`hfefcoht ~mzsih fh bfs tfkm1 bmhcm tbm ìs~mls bohdlmGibh zms~mcte}llv vmt dmlfjmzotmlvzmd}cmbfssf`hfefcohcm,s}jizdfhotfh`bfktiGms}s"Fkkmzsmz,4=&(Stm`mkohhdfso`zmmstbottbmmozlvcb}zcbkodmGibhfhemzfiztiGms}s"Lfjzozv,:?52&(

?3C(Jmhhmko,Mrcouotfh`Gibhs@is~ml7OCikkmhtozveizTidov"Dmlbf7FS^CA,:>>=1zm~z(,

M}`mhm,IZ7Pf~e%Stica,:>>2&,364>(?4

Jmhhmko,îpmz,?2:,?6:(?=

C(S(Ammhmz,Tbm@is~mlieGibh7OCikkmhtozv"^mojidv7Bmhdzfcasih,:>>3&,=062>1O(G(Astmhjmz`mz,

Gibh

"JMCHT1

@zohd

Zo~fds7

Joamz

Ocodmkfc,

:>>4&,

?32(

?5D(G(Pfllfoksmr~lofhstbotihtbmefzsthf`bttbmhmplvpmdszmtfzmdtitbmjzfdolcbok

jmz ticihs}kkotmtbmfzkozzfo`m,s}~mzfhtmhdmdjv tbmsbisbjfh(Tbmjzfdm`ziiksuifcmie37:6fs~zijojlvbfscolleiztbmjmstkohticillmcttbmsf`h}kufz`fhftotfstbmjliidstofhmdclitbososf`hie tbmpikohsufz`fhftv "ce(Dm}t(::7?3:?& "Jzfdm,Jzfdm`ziik, fhDG@,20&(

?0Jmhhmko,Gibhs@is~ml,?022>(


19/31

:2 Mhci}htmzfh Gms}s7CbozoctmzSt}dfmsfhtbm@is~mlieGibhGibhtbmLok~

Eocmdpftbi~~isftfih,Gms}scollseizpozduozfi}spfthmssmsfhbfsdmemhcm

"=73?4>&(Okih`st

tbmk

fs

Gibh,

pbik

Gms}s

cbozoctmzfwms

os

o

j}zhfh`

ohdsbfhfh`lok~"=73=o&(Tbmpizd lf`bt fshmumz}smdtidmsczfjmGibhsfhcm tbfs fs mrcl}sfumlv~zmsmzumd eizGms}s "?74=, 61 37?6:?1 27?:1 67=1??76?>1?:73=35,45&ohd tbm^zili`}mbodolzmodv fhdfcotmd tbotGibhpos sfk~lv opfthmss ti tbm lf`bt "?702&(Hmumztbmlmss, os o lok~Gibhdims~ziufdmlf`bt"=73=j&ohdpmk}stmrokfhmbipGibhfsolf`bt`fufh`lok~( Gms}s stotmkmht, Vi} smhtkmssmh`mzs tiGibh,ohdbm tmstfefmd ti tbmtz}tb"=733&bozasjocatitbmmumhtsdmsczfjmdfh?7?6:0(O~~ozmhtlv,tbm

Gmpfsblmodmzs

pbi

ottoca

Gms}s

bmzm

pmzm

tbm

ihms

pbi

smht

odmlmòtfih

tiGibhtiefhdi}tpbibmpos(Gibhbodtmstfefmdtz}tbe}llvohdtbmGmpsbodmumhzmgifcmdfhbfstmstfkihveizopbflm"=733,3=j&(Jmsfdms=733,tbm~bzosm ti tmstfev ti tbm tz}tbolsiicc}zs fh?2730pftbzmemzmhcm tiGms}s(Gms}s tmstfkihv ti tbm tz}tb fs sbiztbohd eiz bfs mhtfzmkfhfstzv d}zfh`pbfcbbms~iam@idspizds,pbfcbcihtofhtz}tbtbotlfjmzotms,clmohsmsohdsoums"3734157531273?3:1?=731?07?0&(Ollpbijmlih`titbmtz}tbjmlih`tiGms}sohdboumbmozdbfsuifcmohdoccm~tmdbfslfem`fufh`pizds"ce(=7:=1?>734,?5&(Gms}s fsjitb tbmmkjidfkmhtohddfs~mhsmziedfufhm soufh`

tz}tb"?7?4,

?01

?475&(

Gibhs

tmstfkihv

ti

tbm

tz}tb,

tbmh,

fs

bfs

tmstfkihv

oji}tGms}sfdmhtftv,kfssfihohdzmlotfihsbf~pftb@id( Oltbi}`b tbm~bzosm ti tmstfevtitbm tz}tbihlvicc}zs tpfcm fhGibhsìs~ml, tbmcihcm~tcikms}~ fhitbmz~osso`ms(Efzst, fh=73:,@ids tmstfkihvzmòzdfh`Gms}sfslojmllmdostz}m(?2Smcihd,Gms}skmhtfihsfh?=7:5tbot tbmS~fzftie tz}tbpfll tmstfevzmòzdfh`bfko tmstfkihv fhpbfcbtbmdfscf~lmspfll~oztoam"?=7:0&(Fheoct,tbmS~fzftmk~ipmzsohd~zm~ozmstbmdfscf~lms tmstfkihvjmeizm tbmpizldjv cikk}hfcotfh` ti tbmk tbmtz}tbtbotfsfhGms}stmocbfh`"?47:51?57?3&(?6Tbfzd,tbmìs~mlftsmleclofks

tijm

opzfttmh

tmstfkihv

ti

tbm

tz}tb

"?673=1

:?7:4&(

Fhs}k,osolok~,Gibhtmstfefmstitbmtz}tb,f(m(tiGms}sostbmmkjidfkmhtohddfs~mhsmziesoufh`tz}tb(Kizmiumz,osolok~,Gibhsbmdslf`btfhtbotbfs tmstfkihvofks timlfcftjmlfme "?701ce(?73=301?>74?4:&(Oss}cbGibhe}hctfihsosokidmlpfthmsstijmmk}lotmd(Fhdmmd,Gms}sdfscf~lms,mk~ipmzmdjv tbmS~fzftie tz}tb,ozmmr~mctmd ti tmstfev ti tbm tz}tb,pbfcbsbi}ld~zid}cmjmlfme"?=7:01?07:>&,ohdGibhsìs~ml,osopzfttmhtmstfkihvtitbmtz}tb,olsifhtmhdstivfmldjmlfme"?673=1:>73?&(Tb}s,jmlfmumzscohjm lf`bt`fufh` lok~ssfhcm tbmfz tmstfkihv ti tbm tz}tb fs~itmhtfollv lfem

`fufh`(

?2Toafh`=730fhticihsfdmzotfih,tbmitbmzpbitmstfefmsoji}tGms}sfh=73:fskist~zijojlv

tbmEotbmz(?6

Eizodmtoflmdtzmotkmhtietbmdfscf~lmsS~fzftmk~ipmzmdtmstfkihv,smmJmhhmko,îpmz,cb(=(


20/31

GibhPfthmssôzMrcmllmhcm :6Cihcl}sfih

Tbmlocaiedmtoflszmòzdfh`Gibhso~~mozohcmohd~mzsihollfemfhGibhs

ìs~mlbmf`btmhs

bfs

cbozoctmzfwotfih

os

opfthmss,

fh

tbot

tbm

eic}s

fs

silmlv

ihtbmihmtipbikbmtmstfefms(Bipmumz,mumhtbi}`bGibhfsosikmpbotelot cbozoctmz,bfs~zfkozv tzoftieopfthmss fscik~lmrohdk}ltfeocmtmd(Bfscbozoctmzfwotfihosopfthmsscikmstitbmeizms~mcfefcollvfhbfsitbmzzilms iejo~tfwmz,bmzold)eizmz}hhmz, tmocbmz,jmstkoh ohd lok~(Tbmsmzilmssmzumticlozfevohddmefhmbfszilmosopfthmss(Ftfsosjo~tfwmztbotGibhzmumolsGms}sostbmmr~mctmdKmssfobtiFszoml1osbmzold,bmohhi}hcmstbmozzfuol ie Fszomls fkkfhmht zmstizotfih tbzi}`b Gms}s os @ids solufefco`mht1ostmocbmz,bmtmstfefmsoji}tohddfzmctsbfsdfscf~lmstiGms}s1osjmst

koh,bm

ohhi}hcms

tbm

ozzfuol

ie

tbm

mscbotili`fcol

jzfdm`ziik1

ohd

os

lok~, bm tmstfefms ti tbm dfufhm tz}tb mkjidfmd fhGms}s ofkfh` tijzfhòji}tjmlfme(Gibhhmumzi~mzotms os opfthmsso~ozt ezikbfs itbmz zilms1zotbmz,bm fs opfthmss fh tbmsm zilms( Fh oddftfih,Gibhdfs~lovs tzofts ielivoltv "tiGms}s&, ci}zo`m "bm tmstfefmsjmeizm tbmGmpfsbo}tbizftfms&,ohdb}kflftv"m(`(37:03>&( TbmzmfslfttlmmufdmhcmieGibhsfhhmzlfem7fh?733,bmkmhtfihsbfsfhftfolf`hizohcmietbmKmssfobsfdmhtftvohdbipbms}jsmq}mhtlvocq}fzmdtbotahiplmd`m(Oltbi}`bGibhhmumzkoamsohmr~lfcftjmlfmezms~ihsmtiGms}s,

tbmzmfs

zmosih

ti

oss}km

tbot

bm

bos

dihm

si(

Efzst,

tbm

o}tbiz

~locms

Gibh

efzklvotGms}ssfdmeziktbmjm`fhhfh`,ohdftfshitmpiztbvtbotbmdimshit zmcizd tbm m~fsidm fh~zfsihpbmhGibh bos di}jts oji}tGms}s "ce(Kott(??7:51L}am07?2:3&(Tbmh,ostbmjmstkoh,Gibh~isftfihsbfksmleotGms}ssfdm(Smcihd,tbmcihtmhtieGibhstmstfkihvzmòzdfh`Gms}sbmfstbmKmssfobpbipflltoamopovsfhohdjzfhòji}ttbmhmpkmssfohfco`m fk~lfms bfsjmlfme fh bfk( Tbfzd,Gms}s cikkohd ti tmstfev "?=7:0& fs ocikkohd ti bfs dfscf~lms ohd~zms}~~isms tbot tbmpfthmss boskodm o~zfizodmq}otmjmlfmezms~ihsm(Ei}ztb, feGibhs tmstfkihvofks timlfcfto

jmlfmezms~ihsm

ti

Gms}s,

ft

pi}ld

jm

hot}zol

ti

oss}km

tbot

bm

bos

zms~ihdmdefzst( Otcz}cfol~ifhtsfhbfskfhfstzvGibhdimshitzmkofhsflmhtj}ttmstfefmszmòzdfh`Gms}sjmeizmtbm~itmhtfollvbistflmGmpfsblmodmzs"?7?6:2&,Fszoml"?7:634&ohdbfsdfscf~lms"?73=30137:53>&(Tbmofkiebfstmstfkihvpostimlfcfto soufh`jmlfme fhGms}s "?70&ohofk tbotpos zmolfwmd "?73=301?>74?4:&(Tbfs solufefc ofk iejmfh` opfthmss fs okogizkitfe fhGibhsìs~ml7tbmtmstfkihvietbmSokozftohpikohlmodsbmz~mi~lmtijmlfmumfhGms}s"4736&1tbmofkietbmdfscf~lmsS~fzftmk~ipmzmdpfthmssfsjmlfme

"?07:>&1tbm

o}tbizs

ofk

fs

tbot

bfs

ìs~ml

e}hctfihs

os

olfem

`fufh`

tmstfkihv

":>73>3?&(Fhsbizt,Gibhfstbmpfthmss~ozmrcmllmhcm,ohdfhtidovspizldpbmzmGms}sfsstfllihtzfolpmhmmdpfthmssmslfamGibh(:>

:>Pmdfso`zmmpftbJmcascihcl}sfihtbotGibhfsfho~~zi~zfotmeizzmodmzmk}lotfihsfhcm

bmbosoh}hzm~motojlm zilmosocihtmk~izohmi}spfthmss tiGms}s "Dfscf~lmsbf~,4>&(Gibhs


21/31

3> Mhci}htmzfh Gms}s7CbozoctmzSt}dfmsfhtbm@is~mlieGibhGibh

O~~mozohcms Zmemzmhcms ?75,?=,?6,:5,:2,3:,3=,4>137:3,:4,:=,:5,:0147?1=733,351?>74>,4?":r&

Fdmhtftv Tftlms`fumh okoh smht ezik@id, ouifcm fh tbmpfldmzhmss,

Zojjf,

tbm

ezfmhd

ie

tbm

jzfdm`ziik,

o

j}zhfhòhdsbfhfh`lok~

@mhdmz kolm

O`m

Kozftolstot}s

Icc}~otfih jo~tfwmz,tmocbmz

Sicfimcihikfcstot}s

ozojjfpftbdfscf~lms"ohdbmhcmzms~mctmd&

^locmiezmsfdmhcm)i~mzotfih

fh tbmpfldmzhmssolih` tbmGizdoh "Jmtbohv fh^mzomo,OmhihhmozSolfk&

Zmlotfums

@zi}~oeeflfotfih

S~mmcbohdoctfihs

FhfhtmzoctfihpftbGms}s

hidfzmctfhtmzoctfih

Fhfhtmzoctfihpftbitbmzs

Gibhcihstohtlvdmefhmsbfsiphstot}sohdzilmoss}jizdfhotmtitbotieGms}s

Cbozoctmzclossfefcotfih

Cik~lmrftv lfttlm cik~lmr1 bfs tzoft ie jmfh` o pfthmss fsdmefhmdjvbfstzoftsiejmfhòjo~tfwmz,bmzold,tmocbmz,jmstkohohd lok~(Gibholsi sbipstzoftsielivoltv,ci}zo`mohdb}kflftv

Dmumli~kmht

hihm

Fhhmzlfem lfttlm

Dm`zmmiecbozoctmzfwotfih

tv~m)~mzsiholftv

Zms~ihsmtiGms}s

odmq}otm7bfszilmosohmeemctfumkidmlpfthmssti Gms}s ohd tbm cihtmht ie bfs tmstfkihvfk~lfmsbfs}hdmzstohdfhìeohdjmlfmefhGms}s

}hfq}mhmssdimshitmrcl}dmbfsjmfhòhmrok~lmtidovsjmlfmumzscoh"ohdsbi}ld&mk}lotmGibhtio`zmotmrtmht"Jmhhmko,Gibh,:231ce(Pfha,Gibh,?>5&(


22/31

TbmGmpsGms}sI~~ihmhtsôzMrcmllmhcm

^mzsmc}tfihfsotzfj}tmtbm`zmotk}stolpovs~oveiz~zmmkfhmhcmIlfumz@ildskftb

Tbmtmzk

tbm

Gmps

icc}zs

sfrtv

sfr

tfkms

fh

Gibhs

ìs~ml

koafh`

tbfs

`zi}~ohfk~iztohtcbozoctmzfhGibhsstizv(?J}ltkohhsoptbmGmpsostbmili`fcol svkjils, zm~zmsmhtfh` tbm}hjmlfmufh`pizld fh`mhmzol fh ftsbistflftvtipozdsGms}s(:Tbmzmfsocihsmhs}spftbfhGibohhfhmscbilozsbf~ihJ}ltkohhsufmpsihtbmzilmietbmGmps(3Cihsmq}mhtlv,sikmscbilozszmòzdtbmGmpsfhGibhsìs~mlosoelot,cik~isftmcbozoctmz,zm~zmsmhtfh`tbmmuflottft}dmsietbmpizld(4Bipmumz,pmsbolloz`}mtbotkizmcohjmsofdoji}tJ}ltkohhsdmefhftfihietbmGmpsohdtbottbmvozmhitmhtfzmlvstotfc os o cbozoctmz izkihilftbfc fh tbmfz zms~ihsm tiGms}s(= Jmeizmpm

mkjozaih

s}cb

oh

mrmzcfsm,

pm

k}st

efzst

dmol

pftb

tbm

fdmhtftv

ohd

cik~isftfihietbfscik~lmr`zi}~ie~mi~lm(5

TbmFdmhtftvohdCik~isftfihietbmGmps

Zmòzdfh`tbmbfstizfcolzmemzmhtietbmGmps,tbmdmjotmcmhtzmsihpbmtbmztbmtmzkzmemzsmrcl}sfumlvtitbmzmlf`fi}so}tbizftfms"pbmtbmzG}domohizGmpfsb fh `mhmzol&, ti o zmlf`fi}s `zi}~pftbfhG}dofsk, ti tbm zmlf`fi}so}tbizftfms

ohd

cikkih

~mi~lm,

iz

sfk~lv

ti

Gmpfsb

~mi~lm

fh

`mhmzol(

Pbflm tbmkogizftv ie scbilozs o`zmm tbot tbmGmps ot lmost fhcl}dm tbmzmlf`fi}s o}tbizftfms,kohv di hit s~mcfevpbfcb o}tbizftfms ozm fh ufmp,

?Pm}smtbmGmpspftbfhfhumztmdcikkostbzi}`bi}ttbmjiiatifhdfcotmtbotpmzmemz

tios~mcfefc`zi}~ie~mi~lm fhGibhsìs~mlzotbmztboho`mhmzfctmzkeiztbmGmpfsbzocm(Bmhcm,i}z}smietbmtmzktbmGmpsdimshitcozzvohtfSmkftfccihhitotfihs(

:J}ltkohh,@is~ml,250(3](C(uihPobldm, TbmGmps fh tbm@is~mlieGibh7EfetmmhVmozsieZmsmozcb "?623

?662&,

MTL

05

":>>>&7

=31

Osbtih,

Fdmhtftv,

0=1

fdmk,

]hdmzstohdfh`

tbm

Ei}ztb

@is~ml

"Ireizd7

Clozmhdih^zmss,?66?&,?34=(4M(`(Doufms,Zbmtizfc,?=0(=SmmolsiZ(O(C}l~m~~mz,Tbm@is~mlieGibhohdtbmGmps,ZmuMr~24"?620&7:0322(5CihtzoJzoht,pbi cihtmhds tbot tbmGmps ozmhit octizs fh tbmGibohhfhmdzokoj}t

e}hctfihos tbmdmlfjmzotfh`cbiz}s fho@zmmadzokoohdos s}cb sbi}ldhitjmossicfotmdpftbohv~oztfc}lozbfstizfcol`zi}~fhG}dofsk"Dfoli`}m,?0220&(


23/31

TbmGmpsI~~ihmhtsôzMrcmllmhcm 36

pbmzmositbmzsoz`}m "j}tsikmtfkmssfk~lvoss}km& tbot tbmo}tbizftfmsozm~zfkozflvtbm^bozfsmms( Fhozmcmhtoztfclm,Fboumkodmtbzmmcihtzfj}tfihstitbfsdmjotm(0Efzst,

sikmtfkmd}zfh`

tbm

Smcihd

Tmk~lm

~mzfid

"j}t

pmll

jmeizm

tbm

efzst

cmht}zv

CM&tbmzmemzmhtietbmGmpsposmrtmhdmdezikohmtbhi`mi`zo~bfctmzkeizG}domohGmps ti o `mizmlf`fi}s tmzk eiz tbismpbi odbmzmd ti tbmG}domohzmlf`fih"pbmtbmzizhitzmsfdfh`fhG}domo&(Pmtbmhoz`}mdtbotGibhbod tbfsmrtmhdmd zmemzmht fhkfhd tbm tmzk tbmGmps zmemzs tio~oztfc}lozzmlf`fi}s`zi}~ieTizobohdtmk~lmlivolfstsei}hdms~mcfollv,j}thitmrcl}sfumlv,fhG}domo(Smcihd,tbmGmpsfsocik~isftm`zi}~pftbtbmcbfme~zfmstsiz tmk~lmo}tbizftfmsostbmcizmizfh lmodmzsbf~ohd tbm^bozfsmmsostbmfhel}mhtfolloftv(TbmSohbmdzfh,tbmGmpfsbS}~zmkmCi}zt

fhGmz}solmk,

fs

ohitbmz

s}jsmt

ie

tbm

Gmps,

cik~zfsfh`

tbm

cbfme

~zfmsts

ohdsikmhitojlm^bozfsmms,pftbtbmtmk~lm~ilfcmosftsfhstz}kmhtielopmheizcmkmht( Tbfzd, pftbfh tbm Gmps, Gibh dm~fcts o sbfet fh bistflftvtipozdsGms}sezikozmlf`fi}stbmili`fcolcihelfctpftbtbm^bozfsmmsfhtbmkfddlmieGms}skfhfstzv,tiozmlf`fi}s~ilftfcolcihelfctpftbtbmcbfme~zfmstslotmzih( TbmZikoho}tbizftfmsohdtbmpizldozmhit~oztietbmGmpsj}ttbmzmozm fk~iztoht ~ifhts ie cihtoct( Eiz mrok~lm, tbm Gmpfsb ohd Zikoho}tbizftfmstmok}~tiozzmstGms}s"?27??:&ohdlotmztbmGmpfsbo}tbizftfms

i~mhlvolf`h

tbmksmlums

pftb

Zikm

"?67?=&,

cihefzkfh`

pbot

pm

ahip

ezik

itbmzsi}zcmstbottbmGmpfsblmodmzsohdozfsticzocvcillojizotmdpftbtbmZikohi~~zmssizs(TbmGmpsfsolsi~oztfollvsvhihvki}spftbtbmpizld,fhtbotjitbzm~zmsmhttbmzms~ihsmiezmgmctfih"ce(?7?>??127:4,4340&ohdGms}socc}sms tbmGmpsiejmlih`fh` ti tbmpizld "27:3&(2Jitb tbmpizldohdtbmGmpsozmìumzhmdjvtbmdmufl"27441?:73?1?57??&,pbfcbmr~lofhstbmk}zdmzi}sfhtmhtfihsietbmGmpszmòzdfh`Gms}s(TbmGmpsoso`zi}~ohdtbmpizldososvstmkozmbistflmtipozdsGms}s( Boufh`clozfefmdtbmfdmhtftvohdcik~isftfihietbmGmps,pmk}sthip

mrokfhmtbmfz

ottft}dm

tipozds

Gms}s(

Pm

sboll

oz`}m

tbot

tbmfz

zms~ihsms

ti

Gms}sozmkizmdfumzsmtbohkistscbilozsboumoss}kmd(

TbmCihelfctjmtpmmhtbmGmpsohdGms}s

^zfiztiGibh=,Gms}seocmslfttlmi~~isftfiheziktbmGmps(Tbmihlvcihelfctjmtpmmh tbmk fskmhtfihmd fh :7?3::,pbmzm tbmGmps ozm ieemhdmdjvpbotGms}s dfd fh, ohd sofd oji}t, tbm tmk~lm(Kist scbilozs o`zmm tbot

tbmzmpos

ihlv

ihm

clmohsfh`

ie

tbm

tmk~lm,

tipozds

tbm

mhd

ie

Gms}s

kfh

fstzv"ospmefhdfhtbmSvhi~tfcs&,ohdtbotGibhbosjzi}`bttbfsfhcfdmht

0Jmhhmko,Fdmhtftv"smmcb(?h(=4eizdmtofls&(2Kistscbilozszmci`hfwmtbottbmpizldfsokmto~bizfcollvmrtmhdmdzmemzmhtie tbmGmps

"m(`(J}ltkohh,@is~ml,2501Osbtih,Fdmhtftv,5=21Kitvmz,Eotbmz,=01ce(Afmzs~ml,Gmps,:?40&(


24/31

4> Mhci}htmzfh`Gms}s7CbozoctmzSt}dfmsfhtbm@is~mlieGibh

eizpozdeiztbmili`fcolzmosihs(Tb}s,tbmfhcfdmhtkmhtfihmdbmzmzmelmctso sft}otfihot tbm mhdiebfskfhfstzvpbmh tbm cbfme~zfmsts cikm ti tbmeizm(Tbot tbmmhci}htmzicc}zs fhtbmtmk~lmkovolsi fhdfcotm tbottbmsm

Gmpsozm

tbm

tmk~lm

o}tbizftfms

iz

cbfme

~zfmsts(

Hmumztbmlmss,

Gms}s

fs

opozmietbm~itmhtfoltbzmoteziktbmzmlf`fi}so}tbizftfmsq}ftmmozlvfhbfskfhfstzv,ohdlmoumsG}domo"47?,3&~mzbo~stiouifdtbmafhdiecihezihtotfihGibhtbmJo~tfstbodmozlfmz"?7?6,:4&(Fhmeemct,GibhdimshitzmcizdodfzmctcihezihtotfihjmtpmmhGms}sohdtbmGmps~zfiztiGibh=( PftbGms}szmt}zhtiGmz}solmkfh=7?,tbmsft}otfihcboh`mszo~fdlv(EzikGibh=tbmzmfsodzokotfcfhczmosmfhtbmi~~isftfih,}htfltbmmhdieGms}skfhfstzvfhGibh?:ohdmumht}ollvbfsdmotbfhGibh?2?6(Mrcm~teiz57?076ohd?>74>??75,ollmumhtsfhGibh=?:toam~locmfhizhmozGmz}solmk,tbm

zmlf`fi}s~ilftfcol

bmodq}oztmzs

ie

tbm

Gmps(

Tbm

i~~isftfih

ie

tbm

Gmps,

bipmumz, fshit cihsfstmht sfhcm tbmuozfi}s s}j`zi}~spftbfh tbmGmpsboum~mzfidsiedikfhohcmfhtbfscihelfct(PmkmhtfihmdtbotGibhdm~fctso sbfet fhbistflftv eziko zmlf`fi}stbmili`fcol cihelfctpftb tbm^bozfsmmsoji}tbolepovtbzi}`bGms}skfhfstzvtiozmlf`fi}s~ilftfcolcihelfctpftbtbmcbfme~zfmststipozdstbmmhdieGms}skfhfstzv(Pmsbollhipmrokfhmtbmuozfi}ssto`msfhtbmcihelfctjmtpmmhtbmGmpsohdGms}s( Mkmz`fhì~~isftfihfhGmz}solmk"Gibh=&(TbmjihmiecihtmhtfihfhGibh=fshitsik}cb tbotGms}sbosbmolmdo~ozolvtfcj}t tbotbmdfdsiih tbm

Sojjotb"=7?5&(

Gms}s

zm~lv

fh

=7?0

ihlv

fhe}zfotms

tbm

Gmps

e}ztbmz

ohd

tbmv

occ}smbfkiejlos~bmkveiz~}ttfh`bfksmleiho~ozpftb@id "=7?2&(Fhbfs dmemhcm, Gms}s q}mstfihs tbm czmdfjflftv ie bfs i~~ihmhts os mr~mztfhtmz~zmtmzsie tbmKisofcLop, fhdfcotfh` tbot tbmSczf~t}zmsohdKismsozmihbfssfdmzotbmztbohtbmfzs"=73640&(Oltbi}`bGibhdimshits~mcfevtbm fdmhtftv ie tbmGmps, tbm zmlf`fi}stbmili`fcol hot}zm ie tbm cihelfctsmmks ti~ifht ti tbm^bozfsmms(Gms}scikkmht fh=733 tbot tbmsmozm tbmsokm Gmps pbi smht o dmlmòtfih ti Gibh "tbm Jo~tfst& s}~~izts tbfs~zms}k~tfihsfhcm?7?6,:4sovstbottbmdmlmòtfihpossmhtjvtbmGmps)

^bozfsmmsezik

Gmz}solmk(

Bipmumz,

tbmsm

Gmps

ci}ld

olsi

jm

tbm

`mhmzol

Tizobohdtmk~lmlivolfstsfhGmz}solmk( Mkmz`fhì~~isftfihfh@olflmm"Gibh5&(Fh57::4>,Gms}scihtmhdspftbtbmczipd,j}t os tbm dmjotm fhtmhsfefms, tbmGmps mkmz`m ezik tbm czipd,dfs~}tfh`bfsclofksieboufhòdfufhmizf`fh "574?4:&ohdq}mstfihfh`tbmhmmd ti motbfs elmsb "57=:&(Oòfh,Gibhdimshit s~mcfevpbi tbmsmGmpsozm,j}tFieemztpioltmzhotfummr~lohotfihs(Efzst,tbmvci}ldjmtbmzmlf`fi}s o}tbizftfms, ~zijojlv ^bozfsmms,pbi bod cikm ezikG}domo ti@olflmm( Fe tbmGmps)^bozfsmms ezikGmz}solmkci}ld smhdodmlmòtfih ti

Gibhtbm

Jo~tfst

fh

^mzomo

"?7?6,

:4,

:2&,

tbmv

ci}ld

pmll

boum

tzoumllmd

ti

@olflmm( Oltmzhotfumlv, tbmsm @olflmoh Gmps kov jm odbmzmhts ie tbmG}domoh zmlf`fih lfufh` fh @olflmm ~mzbo~s ^bozfsmms( ^bozfsmms pmzmpfdms~zmodfhjitb@olflmmohdG}domo,ohdtbmvbodohfhel}mhtfol~zmsmhcm


25/31

TbmGmpsI~~ihmhtsôzMrcmllmhcm 4?

fh tbmsvhoì`}ms(6Tbfscibmzmspftb tbmsmttfhìe tbmdfs~}tm fhGibh5jmtpmmhtbm@olflmohGmpsohdGms}sfhtbmsvhoì`}mieCo~mzho}k"57=6&(?>Ft fs tbmzmeizm ~lo}sfjlm tbot sikm Gmps tzoumllmd iz zmsfdmd i}tsfdm

G}domo(

Tbmdikfhotfihietbm^bozfsmms"Gibh0?>&(TbmcihelfctjmtpmmhGms}sohdbfsi~~ihmhtsdmm~mhsfhGibh0?>,pftb27?:=6}hdi}jtmdlvjmfh`tbmkist~if`hohtm~fsidm1occ}sotfihselvjocaohdeiztbpftbGms}sfhdfcotfh`tbot tbmGmpsboum tbmdmuflos tbmfz eotbmz "2744&ohd tbmGmpsollm`fh`tbotGms}sbosodmkih "2742&(Gibh0?> fsdikfhotmdjv tbmGmps "?2icc}zzmhcms& ohd tbm ^bozfsmms "?? icc}zzmhcms&( Fh cmztofh ~osso`ms tbm^bozfsmms ohd tbm Gmps ozm svhihvki}s7 eiz mrok~lm, tbi}`b Gms}so}dfmhcmfszmemzzmdtiostbm^bozfsmmsfh27?::>ohdtbmGmpsfh27::=6,

ftfs

~zijojlv

tbm

sokm

o}dfmhcm1

fh

67?34?

tbm

^bozfsmms

ozm

fdmhtfcol

iz

jmlih`titbmGmps(Bipmumz,tbmGmpsohdtbm^bozfsmmscohhitolpovsjmmq}otmdsfhcmpmboumlmozhmdtbottbmcbfme~zfmstsozmolsi~oztietbfs`zi}~1 fh??74=40, eiz fhstohcm, ft fs clmoz tbot tbmGmpsk}stjmdfstfh`}fsbmdeziktbm^bozfsmms(Tb}s,tbm^bozfsmmsozm~oztie tbmGmpsohdboumodikfhoht~zmsmhcmfhGibh0?>(??Tbfspi}ldmr~lofhtbmhot}zmietbmdmjotms,pbfcbkistlvcmhtzmihfss}mszmòzdfh`tbmlop"07?6,:3,46127?3, ?01 ?>734&, Sojjotb "07:31 67?5&,Kisms "07?6, ::1 67:2:6&,Ojzobok"2733=2& ohd jlos~bmkv "?>735&( Fh sbizt, ft fs o zmlf`fi}stbmili`fcol

cihelfct,tv~fcol

ie

tbm

^bozfsmms

pbi

pmzm

smmkfh`lv

kizm

cihcmzhmd

pftb

tbmili`fcol tboh ~ilftfcol fss}ms( Occizdfh`lv, Gms}s i~~ihmhts fdmhtfevtbmksmlums os dfscf~lms ieKisms "67:2& ohd smmd)cbfldzmh ieOjzobok"2733,36&( Tbm dikfhotfih ie tbm cbfme ~zfmsts "Gibh ??&( Boufh` pfthmssmd Gms}szofsfh` ie Lowoz}s, kohv Gmps dmemct ohd jmlfmum fh Gms}s "tbi}`b~mzbo~skmzmlvosokfzoclmpizamz&,j}titbmzszm~izttbm fhcfdmhttitbm^bozfsmms "??74=451 ce( ?:7?>??&( Cihsmq}mhtlv, tbm cbfme ~zfmsts ohd^bozfsmmscihumhmtbmSohbmdzfh,ohd fhcihtzostti074==:,ft fstbmcbfme

~zfmstspbi

dikfhotm

tbm

kmmtfh`(

Tbmv

ufmp

tbm

fhcfdmht

os

ohotfihol

mkmz`mhcvcihsfdmzfh`tbm~issfjflftviemumzvihmìfhìumztiGms}ssfdmtbmzmjvzfsafh`dmcfsfumkflftozvfhtmzumhtfihjvtbmZikohs(Ftfsclmoztbottbmv ozm mssmhtfollv cihcmzhmd oji}t tbmfz iph ~ipmzjosm "tbm tmk~lm&ohd ~isftfih "??74042&( Tbm cbfme ~zfmst Cofo~bos tbmh s}``msts tbot fh

6O(G(Soldozfhf,^bozfsmms,SczfjmsohdSodd}cmmsfhôlmstfhfohSicfmtv7OSicfili`fcolO~~ziocb

"@zohd Zo~fds7 Mmzdkohs, :>>?&, :6?=1 Tovliz, Fkkmzsmz, ?5?41 G(D(@( D}hh, Gms}sZmkmkjmzmd "uil(?ieCbzfstfohftv fh tbmKoafh 1@zohdZo~fds7Mmzdkohs,:>>3&,3>52(Tbm

Svhi~tfcs

olsi

kmhtfih

tbm

~zmsmhcm

ie

^bozfsmms

fh

@olflmm

"Kott(

67??1

Koza

:7?2,

:41

3751

07?1

L}am=7?0,3>&ohdfhtbmsvhoì`}ms"Kott(:37:,51L}am??743&(?>

Fh?27:>,Gms}s s~moasiebfscikkih tmocbfh` fhsvhoì`}msohd tbmzm fshibfht tbotihlvG}domohsvhoì`}msozmfhufmp(

??Oltbi}`b?>7?fhtzid}cmsohmpti~fcohdtbmtmzk^bozfsmmsdimshiticc}zfhGibh?>,

tbmzmfshicboh`mfho}dfmhcm,ohdbmhcm?>7?:?mhufso`mstbmsokmo}dfmhcmietbmGmps)^bozfsmmsosfh67?34?(


26/31

4: Mhci}htmzfh`Gms}s7CbozoctmzSt}dfmsfhtbm@is~mlieGibh

izdmztioumzto~issfjlmdfsostmz,Gms}sk}stdfm"??746=>&,ohdozmsil}tfihfs~ossmd"??7=3&(?:Tb}s,ftfstbmzmlf`fi}so}tbizftfmsietbmSohbmdzfhohdtbmcbfme~zfmsts fh~oztfc}lozpbi~litGms}sdmotbjmco}sm tbmv~mzcmfum

bfkos

o~ilftfcol

tbzmot(

Gms}stzfolohddmotb"Gibh?2?6&(Tbm~ossfihhozzotfumsfhGibh?2?6jzfh`tbmGmpsjocaihtbmscmhm(Pmboumoz`}mdmlsmpbmzmtbotoltbi}`btbm^bozfsmmsumbmkmhtlvi~~ismdGms}s, tbmvkf`bthitboumpohtmdbfsdmotb(Fheoct,tbmscbmkmtiafllGms}sizf`fhotmspftbtbmGmpsfh`mhmzol"=7?2107?,?612730,4>,=61?>73?331??72&ohdtbmcbfme~zfmsts"??740=31ce(?:7?>??&( Ft fs tbmGmps lmdjv tbm cbfme ~zfmstspbi bohdGms}s iumz,dmkohdbfsdmotbohdpfthmsstbmcz}cfefrfih"?27:2351?6750,?4?5,:>:?,3?&(?3

TbmZms~ihsmietbmGmpstiGms}s

Kist scbilozsoz`}m "j}tietmhoss}km& tbot tbm zms~ihsmie tbmGmps fs}hfeizkihmiezmgmctfihohd}hjmlfme(Tbfsfs~zijojlvjmco}smtbmkogizftvie scbilozsboumoccm~tmdJ}ltkohhsdmefhftfihie tbm zilmie tbmGmps(UihPobldm,eizfhstohcm,ossmztstbottbmGmpsdfs~lovocihstoht,fhtmhsmbistflftv tipozdGms}s ( ( (pbfcbhmftbmz fhczmosmshizdfkfhfsbms os tbm

ìs~ml~zi`zmssms(?4

Pm

boum

olzmodv

hitfcmd

tbot

tbfs

fs

oh

fhocc}zotm

ossmsskmht(Oltbi}`bi}zoholvsfs tb}s eozbosdmkihstzotmd tbot fhdmmdtbmGmpsohdftscihstft}mhtszm~zmsmhtbistflftv,zmgmctfihohd}hjmlfme,pmcihtmhdtbotkizmk}stjmsofd(Dms~ftmtbmfhtmhsftvietbmi~~isftfihtiGms}s,pmk}stcihcmdmtbottbmbistflftvietbmGmpsfshitkihilftbfcizfk~mhmtzojlm( Ih uozfi}s iccosfihs Gibh sbips tbot Gms}s fs ojlm ti~mhmtzotmtbfs`zi}~pftbbfstmocbfh`,ohdmumhpfhsikmiumztibfssfdm(Pm pfll efzst mrokfhm tbm iccosfihs pbmzm Gms}s fs ojlm ti dfufdm bfso}dfmhcmohdtbmhfhumstfòtmtbmjmlfmezms~ihsmsietbmGmps(

Tbzi}`bi}t

Gibh

5?:,

Gms}s

fs

ietmh

ojlm

ti

jzmoa

}~

tbm

bistflftv

ie

bfs

i~~ihmhts(Gms}s tmocbfhòhdsf`hsiccosfihollvco}smdfufsfih "scbfsko&okih`sttbm^bozfsmms"67?5&ohdtbmGmps"?>7?6:?&(?=J}ttbmzmozmitbmzmhci}htmzstbots}``mstdfufsfih(Fh57=:,tbmGmpscihtmhdjfttmzlvokih`sttbmksmlumsoji}tGms}stmocbfh`(Hmrt,smmfhòdfufdmdczipd"07?:,3>3?&,tbmcbfme~zfmstsohd^bozfsmmsie tbmSohbmdzfhsmhd tbm tmk~lm~ilfcm tiozzmstGms}s,j}ttbfsihlvlmodstiodfufsfihokih`sttbmzmlf`fi}so}tbizftfms7tbmopmie tbm tmk~lm~ilfcm eizGms}s tmocbfh` fsq}fcalvcihdmkhmdjv

?:

Hits}z~zfsfh`lv,tbmcbfme~zfmstsolsipohttiafllLowoz}s,pbismzofsfh`tzf``mzmdieetbmmumht"?:7?>&(

?3Jmhhmko,Fdmhtftv,smctfih3(?(

?4](C(uihPobldm,TbmGibohhfhmGmps7OCzftfcolS}zumv,HTS:2"?62:&73=(

?= Fh eoct,Gibhs~moasies}cbodfufsfihotociskfcscolm fh tbm zmoctfihie tbmpizld ti

Gms}scikfh`"?7???:&(


27/31

TbmGmpsI~~ihmhtsôzMrcmllmhcm 43

tbm^bozfsmms"074542&,ohdmumhtbm^bozfsmmsdfso`zmmokih`sttbmksmlums"07=>=:&( Efhollv, tbmGmpspbi boum cikm tiki}zh eiz Lowoz}s ozmdfufdmdoji}tGms}s"??73530&(TbfsdfufsfihihlvfhtmhsfefmsoetmzLowoz}s

fszofsmd,

co}sfh`

kohv

ti

dmsmzt

tbmfz

emllip

Gmps

ohd

jmlfmum

fh

Gms}s

"??74=1?:7??&,pbflmitbmzszm~iztoji}ttbmfhcfdmhttitbmo}tbizftfmsietbmSohbmdzfh "??745&(Pmk}st hip t}zh ti tbm jmlfmezms~ihsms ieGms}si~~ihmhts( Tbm efzst jmlfmezms~ihsmcikms ezikHfcidmk}s,ihmie tbm^bozfsofco}tbizftfms(TbmHfcidmk}sstizvzmollvstoztsfh:7:3"ce(cb(6&,fk~lvfh`bmfsihmie tbm kohvpbijmlfmumdjosmdihGms}ssf`hs ":7:3&j}tpbismjmlfme fsq}mstfihmdjvGms}s ":7:4&(Tbm zms}ltfh`dfoli`}mpftbGms}s fh37:?= clozfefmspbot fs dmefcfmht oji}tHfcidmk}ss jmlfme(Dms~ftm bfs

svk~otbvtipozds

Gms}s

"37:&,

bm

fs

}hojlm

ti

`zos~

tbm

s~fzft}ol

zmolftv

tbot

Gms}sfss~moafhòji}tohddimshitmr~mzfmhcmtbmjfztbezikojiumfhtitbm zmolk ie soluotfih(PbflmHfcidmk}s zmkofhs svk~otbmtfc tipozdsGms}sohdpfllfh` ti toam zfsas "07=>=:1?67364>&,Gibhsìs~mldimshitzmcizdohmr~lfcftjmlfmezms~ihsmezikbfk"smme}ztbmzcb(6&( Tbmhmrtzmcizdmdjmlfmezms~ihsmfsieGms}si~~ihmhtsfh273>,pbfcbkmhtfihstbotkohvietbmGmpsjmlfmumdfhGms}s(Bipmumz,pbmhGms}s~zijms e}ztbmz fhti tbmfz jmlfme ft o~~mozs ti boum lfttlm s}jstohcm sfhcmtbmvozm}hojlmtitoamfhbfslfjmzotfh`tz}tbohdmumht}zhufilmht"273?

=6&(Ih

ohitbmz

iccosfih,

kohv

Gmps

jmlfmum

fh

Gms}s

oetmz

tbmv

pfthmss

Lowoz}ss zms}zzmctfih, `zmotlv }~smttfh` tbmfz emllip Gmps ohd lmodmzs"??74=401ce(?:7?>??&(Tbi}`btbfsjmlfmekovhitboumjmmhkizmtboho jmlfme fh Gms}s os o kfzoclm pizamz, ft sbips tbot tbm Gmps di hitcihsfstmhtlv zms~ihd tiGms}spftb bistflftv( Tbm fdmhtftv ie tbmsm GmpspbiboumcikmticihsilmKoztboohdKozvoetmztbmdmotbietbmfzjzitbmzLowoz}s"??7?6,3?,33,35,4=45&fs}hclmozohd~zijlmkotfc(Oltbi}`btbmvkovboumjmmhcikkihGmz}solmkftms, Fboumoz`}mdmlsmpbmzm tbot ft fskizmlfamlvtbottbmsmGmpsozmmftbmzodbmzmhtsietbmG}domohzmlf`fihfh

`mhmzoliz

tbm

zmlf`fi}s

o}tbizftfms,

~mzbo~s

tbm

fhel}mhtfol

loftv

os

~ozt

ie

tbmzmlf`fi}slmodmzsbf~(?5 Efhollv, mumh ezik okih`st tbm o}tbizftfms "pbmtbmz cbfme ~zfmsts iz^bozfsmms&, sikm)kohvjmlfmum fhGms}s "?:74:&(Gibh fhdfcotms, bipmumz,tbot tbfs jmlfme fs fhodmq}otm(Efzst,?:74:q}olfefms tbfsoso smczmtjmlfme

?5 Jmhhmko, Fdmhtftv, smctfih 3(:( Ti mr~lofh tbm cikfh` ie tbmsm Gmps ti Jmtbohv, F

s}``msttbotLowoz}skovboumjmmhoGmp,~mzbo~smumhopmoltbvhijlmkoh"ce(tbmmr~mhsfum~mze}kmtbotbfssfstmzci}ldj}vQ?:73=[&,pbfcbpi}ldmr~lofhemllipGmpscikfhèizbfs

e}hmzol(

Oltbi}`b

ft

kov

jm

idd

tbot

Lowoz}s

os

o

Gmp

fs

fdmhtfefmd

os

Gms}s

ezfmhd

"??73,

??&,

??74=zmumolstbothitmumzvGmpposbistflmtipozdsGms}s(Fheoct,tbmsmGmpspmzmdfufdmd"??73530,4=45& ohdhit eiz tbm efzst tfkm "?>7?6:?&(Tb}s, ft fs~issfjlm tboto`zi}~ieGmpspbipmzmolzmodvdfufdmdihtbmfss}mieGms}sbodcikmtitbme}hmzolietbmfzezfmhdLowoz}s,ohdGms}szofsfhìeLowoz}sihlvzmfheizcmdtbmfzi~fhfihsoji}tbfktbismpbipmzmbistflmzm~iztmdbfktitbmo}tbizftfms1itbmzspbipmzmi~mhtiGms}scokmtijmlfmumfhbfk(


28/31

44 Mhci}htmzfh`Gms}s7CbozoctmzSt}dfmsfhtbm@is~mlieGibh

tbotfshitcihemssmdi~mhlveizemoziemr~}lsfiheziktbmsvhoì`}m,pbfcbpi}ldufzt}ollvkmohjmcikfhòsicfoli}tcost(Fh67?234,Gibhfsfk~lfcftlvczftfcolies}cbohottft}dmpbmhbmcihtzoststbm~isftfum,jildtmstfkihvie

tbmeizkmzlv

jlfhd

koh

pftb

bfs

~ozmhts

}hpfllfh`hmss

ti

tmstfev

jmco}sm

tbmvozmoezofdiemrcikk}hfcotfih(Smcihd,?:743~ziufdmsohitbmz,zmlotmdzmosih, tbot tbmsmo}tbizftfmsozmkizmcihcmzhmdoji}t zmcmfufh`b}koh~zofsmtboh@ids,sikmtbfh`tbotGms}sbosolzmodvclozfefmdfsohijstoclmtizmoljmlfme"=744&( O cik~ozfsihpftb tbmpizld,pbfcb fs oh mrtmhdmd zmemzmht ie tbmGmps,kovcizzijizotmi}zoz`}kmhtsfhcm tbmzmoctfihie tbmGmps fs fheoct~zititv~fcoliz zm~zmsmhtotfumie tbm zmoctfihie tbmpizldot loz`m tiGms}s ohd bfs eillipmzs(?0Jitb tbmpizld ohd tbmGmps ozm }hcboh`fh`

cbozoctmzspbi

e}lefll

hmòtfum

zilms

fh

Gibhs

ìs~ml

eizkfh`

obistflm

mhufzihkmhteizGms}s(Bipmumz,tbfsdimshitkmohtbotfhdfufd}olseziktbmsm`zi}~s cohhit cboh`m tbmfzollm`fohcm(Gibhdmsczfjmsodfufsfihieciskfc~zi~iztfihsfhtbmzmoctfihietbmpizldtipozdsGms}s7tbmpizldotloz`mzmgmctsGms}sj}tsikm~mi~lmozmojlm ti zms~ihd~isftfumlv tibfk,co}sfh`tbmkticikmi}tietbmfzbistflmmhufzihkmht"?7?>?3&(Sfkflozlv,tbm Gmps os oh mhtftv ozm ezik jmlip, ezik tbm pizld "27:3&, j}tfhdfufd}ol Gmpskovìiumz tiGms}ssfdm(Tb}s,oltbi}`b tbmmssmhtfolhot}zm ie tbmpizld ohd tbmGmps zmkofhs}hcboh`md, fhdfufd}olskov

cikmi}t

ie

tbmsm

`zi}~s

ohd

stozt

ti

jmlih`

ti

Gms}s(

Fhs}k,oltbi}`btbmGmpsi~~ismGms}sohdczmotmobistflmmhufzihkmhteiz bfk,Gms}s fs ojlm ti `mt ~ost tbmfz ottft}dm mhd mumh mlfcft ~isftfumzms~ihsms(Fheoct,jvtbmmhdiebfskfhfstzvGms}sfsojlmti~mhmtzotmtbfs`zi}~ie tbmGmps "67?51?>7?6:?1??74=451?:74:&(Oltbi}`b tbm jmlfmezms~ihsmsietbmGmpso~~mozfhodmq}otmohds}~mzefcfol,tbm~ifhtfstbottbmvdihitzms~ihdhmòtfumlv tbzi}`bi}t(Oso`zi}~izcbozoctmz, tbmGmps zm~zmsmht bistflftv, zmgmctfih ohd }hjmlfme tipozdsGms}s,j}t fhdfufd}olsozmojlmtizms~ihd~isftfumlvohdcikmi}tietbmsm`zi}~s(Tb}s,

Gms}spos

hit

ihlv

ojlm

ti

~mhmtzotm

tbm

bistflm

ottft}dm

ie

bfs

i~~ihmhts

j}tolsitipfhsikmiumz"pbmtbmz~}jlfclvizsmczmtlv&(TbmeocttbottbmGmpsbosihm zmemzmhtdimshithmcmssftotm o sfh`lm zms~ihsm ezikoll ftscihstft}mhts(

?0Bmhcm,Gms}spozhsbfseillipmzsfh?=7?2?574ohitietbmbotmohd~mzsmc}tfihietbm

Gmpsj}tietbmpizld"ce(?07???6&(Ftfss}z~zfsfh`tbottbmtmzk tbmGmpsfsmhtfzmlvojsmhtezik tbm eozmpmlldfsci}zsms fhGibh ?3 ?0 "mrcm~t eiz tbm fsilotmd zmemzmhcm fh ?3733&( Fe

Koztvhs

bv~itbmsfs

pmzm

zf`bt

tbot

Gibhs

ìs~ml

fh

zmolftv

hozzotms

tbm

stizv

ie

tbm

cihelfct

jmtpmmh ^bozfsofcZojjfhfcG}dofsk ohd tbmGibohhfhm cikk}hftv,pi}ldGms}s hit boumpozhmdbfsdfscf~lmsoji}ttbmGmps9Ufmpfh`Gibhsìs~mlosociskfctzfol,Fs}``msttbottbmzmolcihelfctbosGms}sohdtbmzmolkojiumtbotbmzm~zmsmhts~fttmdoòfhsttbmpizldizzmolkjmlip(Tbfspfllbild tz}m fh ohv tfkm ohd c}lt}zm,pbmtbmzGms}sumzs}s tbmGmpfsbo}tbizftfms ie bfs tfkm,GibohhfhmCbzfstfohsumzs}s tbmGmpfsb svhoì`}m, izCbzfstfohs fh`mhmzolumzs}stbmpizld"osbfstizvcihefzks&(


29/31

TbmGmpsI~~ihmhtsôzMrcmllmhcm 4=

Cihcl}sfih

Kist Gibohhfhm scbilozs o`zmm tbot tbm tmzk tbm Gmps zmemzs ti tbm

zmlf`fi}so}tbizftfms,

pbi

zm~zmsmht

tbm

ottft}dm

ie

bistflftv,

zmgmctfih

ohd

}hjmlfme(Pm boum oz`}md tbot tbfs fs ihlv ~oztfollv tz}m ohd ~ziufdmdcizzmctfumsihjitb tbm fdmhtftvohd zilmie tbmGmps(Pftb zmòzd ti ftsfdmhtftv, tbmGmps ozm o~oztfc}loz zmlf`fi}s`zi}~pftbfhG}dofsk tbm"stzfct&Tizobohd tmk~lmlivolfstspbiozmkofhlv licotmd fhG}domoj}tci}ldolsiboumjmmh~zmsmht fh@olflmm( TbmGmps fsocik~isftm`zi}~,pftb tbm cbfme ~zfmsts os tbm lmodmzs ohd tbm ^bozfsmms os tbm fhel}mhtfolloftv( Tbm Sohbmdzfh, cihsfstfh` ie tbm cbfme ~zfmsts ohd sikm hitojlm^bozfsmms, ohd fts fhstz}kmht ie lopmheizcmkmht, tbm tmk~lm ~ilfcm, ozm

itbmzs}jsmts

ie

tbm

Gmps(

Fh

ottmk~tfh`

ti

fdmhtfev

tbm

zilm

iz

e}hctfih

ie

tbmGmpspftbfhtbmGibohhfhmhozzotfum,pmoz`}mdtbottbmfzzms~ihsmfshitbiki`mhi}siz}hfeizk(Oltbi}`bos o`zi}~iz cbozoctmz, tbmv ozmGms}s i~~ihmhts ~oz mrcmllmhcm, zm~zmsmhtfh` bistflftv, zmgmctfih ohd}hjmlfme,sikmie ftskmkjmzszmoctkizm~isftfumlv tipozdsGms}smumhpftb jmlfme "tbi}`b tbfshmmdsq}olfefcotfih&(Os s}cb, tbmGmpsozm eozkizmcik~lmrjitb fh tbmfz fdmhtftvohd tbmfzzilm tbohscbilozsboumoss}kmdsieoz(?2 TbmkofhtzoftsietbmGmpsozmf`hizohcm"ie@id&,mhsloumkmht"tisfh

Q2734[&,ozziòhcm

"67:4,

:2:6&,

zmsfstohcm

"2730

tzohslotms

lftmzollv,

kv

pizdkoamshi~zi`zmssfhizokih`vi}&,bistflftv,zmgmctfih,k}zdmzi}sfhclfhotfihs ohd }hjmlfme, j}t sikm olsi dfs~lov svk~otbv, ci}zo`m"Hfcidmk}s&ohd jmlfme(TbmGmpssbipdmumli~kmhtfhtbottbmzmodmzkovjms}z~zfsmdtbotdms~ftmtbmfzfhtmhsmohdcihtfh}olbistflftv,zmgmctfihohd}hjmlfme,Gms}s fsojlm ti~mhmtzotm tbm`zi}~ohdmlfcftsikm~isftfum"tbi}`b ~mzbo~s fhodmq}otm& zms~ihsms( Zmòzdfh` tbmfz fhhmz lfem, tbmGmpsclofk tiahippbiGms}s fs "67:4,:6&j}tGms}s~ifhtsi}t tbot tbmvoct}ollv di hit ahip)}hdmzstohd "27?4, :0, 43, 40& izjmlfmum "274=45&1

zotbmz,tbmv

zmsfst

bfs

tmocbfh`

"2730&

ohd

dmsfzm

ti

fkftotm

tbm

dmufl

"2744&(

Jmsfdms, tbmfz stvlm ie s~moafh` fs sikmtfkms cik~ozojlm ti o cbozoctmzcozzvfhìhohfhhmzkihili`}mizsilfliq}v"57=:1073=35167?51?>7:>:?1??73530&(

?2T(Tbotcbmz,eizmrok~lm,ossmztstbottbmGmpsohdtbmczipdozmjoca`zi}hdcbozoctmzs

ohihvki}suifcmstbotihlv~mzeizksikmhmcmssozv~lit e}hctfihohd`mhmzollv fll}stzotmtbmsicfolmhufzihkmht"Gms}s,G}dos,ohd^mtmz7CbozoctmzjvCihtzostfhtbmEi}ztb@is~ml,

JfjSoc

?=3

Q?665[7

435&(

Occizdfh`

ti

Jzoht,

tbm

Gmps

fs

kmzmlv

o

joca`zi}hd

cbozoctmz

pftb

hi ~oztfc}loz bfstizfcol zmemzmht "Dfoli`}m, ?0220&(Aimstmz mssmhtfollv olsi dmhfms tbot tbmGmpszmemzstiobfstizfcol`zi}~1tbmtmzksfk~lvdmsf`hotmstbismpbimrbfjftcmztofhtv~msieeoftbzms~ihsms"Svkjilfsk,=2&(Sfkflozlv,G(K(Josslmz"Tbm@olflmohs7OHm`lmctmdEoctizfhGibohhfhmCikk}hftvZmsmozcb,CJ_43 Q?62?[7:=35&ohdZ(E}llmz "TbmGmps fhtbmEi}ztb@is~ml,Dfoli`?5Q?600[73:3&}smtbmGmpsosotmzkeizmumzvihmpbifsbistflmtiGms}s(


30/31

45 Mhci}htmzfh`Gms}s7CbozoctmzSt}dfmsfhtbm@is~mlieGibh

TbmGmpsO~~mozohcms Zmemzmhcms ?7?61:75,?3,?2,:>137?147::1=7?,?>,?=,?5,?21

574,4?,=:107?,:,??,?3,?=,3=127::,3?,42,=:,=0167?2,::":r&1?>7?6,:4,3?,331??72,?6,3?,33,35,

4=,

=4,

==1

?:76,

??1

?37331

?27?:,

?4,

:>,

3?,

33,

35,32,361?673,0,?:,?4,?6,:>,:?"3r&,3?,32,4>,4:1:>7?6(QFh37::,:=1?273=, Gmp fs}smd fhtbmsfh`}loz1 ohd fh 476, tbm tmzk fs ohoztbzi}s fhtbmsfh`}lozohd~l}zol([

Fdmhtftv Tftlms`fumh tbm Gmps, dfscf~lms ie Kisms, cbfldzmh ieOjzobok

@mhdmz kolm

O`m

Kozftolstot}s

Icc}~otfih

Tizob

ohd

tmk~lm

livolfsts

Sicfimcihikfcstot}s

cihtzillfh`~zfmstbiid"cbfme~zfmsts&,fhel}mhtfolloftv"^bozfsmms&

^locmiezmsfdmhcm)i~mzotfih

~zfkozflvGmz}solmkohdG}domo,j}tolsi@olflmm

Zmlotfums

@zi}~oeeflfotfih tbm odbmzmhts ie tbmG}domoh zmlf`fihpftb tbms}j`zi}~s cbfme ~zfmsts, ^bozfsmms, Sohbmdzfhohd tmk~lm ~ilfcm( Itbmz oeeflfotmd `zi}~s7czipd,pizld,Zikohs,dmufl

S~mmcbohdoctfihs

FhfhtmzoctfihpftbGms}s

bmotmd dmjotms, bistflftv, }hjmlfme, jmlfme,dfufsfih

Fhfhtmzoctfihpftbitbmzs

emozmd jv cikkih ~mi~lm, cihtzillmd jv tbmdmufl,cillojizotmpftbtbmZikohs

Cbozoctmzclossfefcotfih

Cik~lmrftv cik~lmr1 k}ltf~lm tzofts7 bistflftv, f`hizohcm,mhsloumkmht, ozzi`ohcm, zmsfstohcm, zmgmctfih,k}zdmzi}shmss,}hjmlfme1 sikm mrbfjft~isftfumtzoftsiesvk~otbv,ci}zo`mohdjmlfme

Dmumli~kmht dms~ftm tbmfziumzollhm`otfum zms~ihsm,Gms}s fsojlm ti ~mhmtzotm tbm `zi}~ ohd mlfcft ~isftfumzms~ihsms

Fhhmz

lfem

k}cb

Dm`zmmiecbozoctmzfwotfih

ciz~izotm~mzsiholftv

Zms~ihsmtiGms}s

fhodmq}otm "os `zi}~&7 zmgmctfih, }hjmlfme,bistflftv, i~~isftfih, ~mzsmc}tfih, ~lohs ti afllGms}s(


31/31

encountering jesus - character studies in the gospel of john

Documents