enac-ssie laboratoire de pollution de l'air bogotá air quality colombia, 2003

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air

Bogotá air quality

Colombia, 2003


Bogota city

Average altitude:2600 m ASL

7.000.000 Inhabitants1.000.000 Vehicles 4.000 Industries


Eastern hills

Magdalenariver Bogota

Savanna

Eastern mountain chain

The Topography


Traffic

HeatingsIndustries

EMISSIONS DISPERSION (transport and turbulence)

TRANSFORMATION(chemistry)

POLLUTANTDISTRIBUTION

EFFECTS

VOC

NOxCO

Heavy metals PM

SO2

Primary polluants

H2SO4Photooxidants

O3, PAN

PM

Secondary polluants

SOURCES

Health

HNO3

Biogenic

CO2

sun

humidity

rain

Vegetation growth


Development of an air quality

managementsystem(AQMS)


Emissioninventory

Environmental impacts

Meteorological model

Pollutants distribution

Air qualitymodel

Design of abatement strategies

The project

MeasurementsMeasurements

ezarate

1. Arrows foing inside the box show that they only affect the corresponding box, i.e. the E.I., while arrows remaining in the border show they affect both models. 2. Before showing the model results, I am going to speak about the measuring campaign.


212 km

Area: 212 x 212 KmCells: 4 x 4 KmTemporal resolution: 1 h

Model domain


Sources are classified in 4 groups:

- Stationary sources- Mobile sources- Aerial sources- Natural environmentPollutants included:

CO SO2

NOx CH4

VOCNM CO2

PM10

Sources and pollutants included

Emission inventory


Stationary sources

Point sources:- Important Industries (106)

Areal sources:- Small industries (4712)- Municipal landfill (1)- Gasoline marketing

Stationary sources in the Bogotá zone

Emission inventory


CO215%

78%

7%

X Industry (region)X Industry (Bogota)X Municipal landfill

Distribution of stationary emissions

Stationary sourcesCritical zones of the domain

CO2, CH4

PM10, COVNM

CO, SO2, NOxCH4, CO2

Emission inventory


AIREMIS calculates vehicular emissionbased on:Georreferenced street network: - 2600 segmentsTraffic model:- Car counting campaings- Number of vehicles/hour - Average speedThe fleet compositionThe emission factors- COPERTIII methodology- Local emission factors

Traffic model: Number of vehicles Mobile sources

Emission inventory


Local emission factors

An economical and practical methodology was applied to determine emissions from the vehicular fleet of Bogotá city

The methodology is based on air quality and meteorological measurements, traffic counts and inverse application of an air quality model.

Mobile sources

Ch

Eh

C h b

Emission inventory


Mobile sourcesEstimated emission factors for the different categoriesg/veh/km

City Category CO NOx SO2 VOC PM10 Métod. Reference_______________________________________________________________________________________________Bogota (C) All 15.47 ± 2.84 0.41 ± 0.09 0.10 ±0.02 5.58 0.35 ± 0.08 IM This Light 8.27 ± 1.96 0.11 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 0.02 - 0.27 Project

Heavy 385.2 ± 142.3 18.9 ± 0.37 2.82 ± 1.12 - 2.38Córdoba (A) All 21.7 ± 0.3 0.94 ± 0.02 - - - IM Olsece, 2001San Petersburg (R) IM Bercowicz, Light - 0.63 - - - 2001 Heavy - 5.33 - - -Copenhagen (D) All 11 ± 2 1.3 ± 0.2 - - - IM Gramot, 2003Santiago de Chile Light* 3.5 ± 3.9 0.6 ± 0.8 - - - Dynamom. Corvalán, Light** 28.2 ± 15.5 3 ± 1.1 - - - 2000

* With catalytic converter ; ** Without catalytic converter

Emission inventory


CO16%

84%Heavy

Light

Variations of CH4 vehicle emissions during a common day

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Hora del día

Em

isió

n d

e C

H4,

kg

/hCO vehicle emissions over the domain

Distribution of vehicle emissions

Mobile sources

Emission inventory


Natural environmentLand use over the domain

Bogotá

It takes into account:

The sources- Forest area- Low vegetation- Soils Environmental factors- Temperature- PAR (Photosynthetical activity radiation)

Emission inventory


VOCNM emissions over the domainNatural environment

Emission inventory


Total emissionsCritical zones of the domain

Distribution of total emissions by source

Mobile Stationary AerealNatural

Emission inventory


Monitoring stations


Meteorological model results: Wind field


NOx concentrations


Ozone concentrations


Ozone plume


Ozone

VOCs

HightLow

Ozone isopleths

Low

Hight

Merck, Nacional

Corpas, Monserrate, Duque

NOx

enac-ssie laboratoire de pollution de l'air bogotá air quality colombia, 2003

Documents

enacssie laboratoire

lair sources

lair stationary sources

lair mobile sources

co2 emission inventory

lair co2

lair local emission

pm10 sources