enabling grids for e-science egee is a project co-funded by the european commission under contract...
TRANSCRIPT
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE
www.eu-egee.org
EGEE is a project co-funded by the European Commission under contract INFSO-RI-508833
Web Services, EGEE and
Richard HopkinsTraining Team, National e-Science Centre, Edinburgh, [email protected]
National Grid Services InductionMarch 11 2005
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 2Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEOutline and Acknowledgements
• Grids and Web Services• EGEE• gLite
Acknowlegements
• This talk has drawn on material produced by many people, including - • Tony Hey• Mike Mineter• EGEE colleagues
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 3Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencESpecialised DistributedComputing
Grids come within the general field of
• Parallel / Distributed Computing
A computational task involves coordination of components which occur
• Simultaneously
And/or
• At physically separated locations
The Distribution dimension -
Multi-processor
ProcessorPool
Embedded Systems
Flexible Manufacturing . . .
GRIDS
Parallel Distributed
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 4Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEGrids & Web Services
A very inclusive formulation of “Grid Computing” is
• Coordination of computational components
• Processing / storage resources
• Of up to international level of geographic separation
• Crossing organisation boundaries
A (Web) service is a
• S/W system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network.
Similar concepts
• For grids, the focus is on a computational model – Running a job Marshalling the data needed
• For web services – the focus is on service inter-operability A service can be any functionality you want to provide via the web
Need to bring these technologies together
• First we look closer at Web Services
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 5Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEWeb Services Approach
Web Services is the next step in the automation of inter-enterprise interaction
Web Browsing
• Human travel agent provides “organise holiday” service by surfing the web to look for and invoking services – book a hotel; book a plane; book a car hire; ….; confirm bookings of best options to meet client needs.
Web Services
• The aspiration of Web services is to provide a framework that allows that same model to be used in writing an application –
• which is itself becomes an “organise a holiday” service, finding and using useful services
Mode human intervention at –
service provider service consumer
Web browsing
Web Services
Yes Yes
No Yes
No No
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 6Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEService Interaction
I book planes I book car Rentals
I book hotels
I locate services
I organise holidays Get a car rental quote
locate service ask for quote
Is quote good enough?YesReserve it
… get other resources reserved
Confirm booking
Service Identifier
I convert currency
I know the weather
quote
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 7Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEEssentials of WS Approach
Need to achieve effective cooperation even though
• the different services are produced by different organisations, without any design collaboration
• the services are autonomously evolving
• Loose coupling –
minimum prior shared information between the designer of the two components of an interaction
This requires
• Self-description – Meta data
• Tolerance of partial understanding
Collaboration is on defining generic standards,
rather than on specific design
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 8Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencECore WS
Basic Requirements
• Service Description – WSDL • Web services Definition language, defines -
logical service –
Operations. Message structures for each Physical – protocol, location
• Allows service user to bind to the service Statically – use WSDL to generate code Dynamically – using -
• Service Registry and Discovery Services – UDDI• Universal Description, Discovery and integration• Allows one service to register with a registry
known by potential users• User can discover it and obtain its description
• Usability Negotiation – Policies
I book hotels
PolicyQuote- held - 10 minsProv Reserv. Held - 2 hours….
I locate services
register
I organise holidays
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 9Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencECore WS
Give me a quote for …
Basic Requirements
• Communication Protocol - SOAP
• Request - Response
• Other patterns – e.g notification
Ask car rental service to notify me of any special deals
To notify me if my reservation hold time is about to expire
• Common Language – XML Documents
• Tag-value pair
• Defined by a Schema
• Used for messages, policies, service definition
• Specific extensibility mechanism
• Self Description – tagged values, WSDL
• Necessary for loose coupling
• Autonomous evolution
• Autonomous evolution – discovery service – UDDI
or out of band
Type = QuoteValidity = 1 hourPrice = £200….
Quote
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 10Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEEvolving Standards
• Collaboration is on defining generic standards, not specific design
• Two main standards bodies –
• W3C – actually produces “recommendations” – web community
• OASIS – industry – IBM, Microsoft, Sun, ….
• These standards are factored to allow partial adoption and combination
• The core standards
• WS-I – clarifications to aid interoperability
• Higher level standards built on them
XML*
SCHEMAS*WSDL*
DTD
Core WS
SOAP*
*WS-Interoperability
WSRF
WS-addressing
WS-notificationWS-security
WS-TransactionFramework
UDDI*
…
WS-MetaDataExchange
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 11Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencECore WS
• XML – the standard format for all information
• SCHEMA –the standard language for defining the structure (syntax/type) of a unit of information
DTD is a deprecated predecessor of Schemas
• WSDL – the language for defining a service –
• Operations; Logical Message Structure; Bindings; locations
• SOAP – the standard message format
XML*
SCHEMAS*WSDL*
DTD
Core WS
SOAP*
*WS-Interoperability
WSRF
WS-addressing
WS-notificationWS-security
WS-TransactionFramework
UDDI*
…
WS-MetaDataExchange
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 12Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencESome Further Standards
• WS-Security – Framework for authentication and confidentiality
• WS-Transaction Framework – for robustness of correlated interactions, e.g two phase – provisionally book everything, then confirm everything
• UDDI – standard repository interface (included in WS-I)
• WS-MetaDataExchange – how to communicate meta-data
• ….
XML*
SCHEMAS*WSDL*
DTD
Core WS
SOAP*
*WS-Interoperability
WSRF
WS-addressing
WS-notificationWS-security
WS-TransactionFramework
UDDI*
…
WS-MetaDataExchange
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 13Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEWSRF-Related Standards
• WS-Addressing - For communication of identities between services
• WS-Notification - Framework of notification interaction – subscribe, publish
• WSRF – Web Services Resource Framework
– E.g. a quote is a persistent entity which will need to be identified in subsequent interactions to finalise a provisional booking – a resource
– Consistent standard framework for creating, identifying, destroying resources
XML*
SCHEMAS*WSDL*
DTD
Core WS
SOAP*
*WS-Interoperability
WSRF
WS-addressing
WS-notificationWS-security
WS-TransactionFramework
UDDI*
…
WS-MetaDataExchange
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 14Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE Grid Services
Web Service Grids
• Grid middleware can be seen as a special application area of web services dealing mainly with –
VOs data replication job execution
• Many advantages to basing grids on web services Cooperation between autonomously evolving components Mix-and-match of components Combining Aspects of grids with other Web Service application
domains Rapid Development of higher-level services Leverage industrially-produced support packages
• Previously, independent simultaneous developments
• Much of existing middleware components are not based on web services
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 15Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEGrid Services
• Now trying to unify these two major developmental thrusts - OGSA – Open Grid Services Architecture
• Quite central to Grids is dynamically created resources, particularly
• Files
• Jobs
• VO membership
• Thus WSRF is important to this unification –
• WSRF originated from the grid world
• A (web) resource is a concept similar to object in O-O programming
• Multiple instances of the same type
• Each with its own (changing) state
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 16Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEWeb Service grids : WSRF
A resource can
• Be created
Globally unique id
www/grid:J6
• Change state
• Notify change of state
• Be destroyed
• Self-destruct
(scheduled)
Submit Job
A Grid Access Service
Actual Grid (www/grid) –Services & Resources
Job J6
Notify Started : J6
cancel: J6
Job Id : J6
www/grid
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 17Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE
‘WS-I+’ profile minimal for gridsBPEL - workflowsWS-Addressing WS-ReliableMessaging
Web Service Grids: Interoperability
WS-I
Standards that havebroad industry support
and multiple interoperableimplementations
Specifications that are emergingfrom standardisation process
and are recognised as being ‘useful’
Specifications that have/will enter a standardisation processbut are not stable and are still experimental
WS-I – covers Schemas, WSDL, SOAP, UDDI (assumes XML)
‘WS-I+’ next-WSRFNotificationSecurityPortlets
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 19Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEOutline
• Grids and Web Services• EGEE• gLite
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 20Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEEGEE – towards e-infrastructure
EGEE is building a large-scale production grid service to:
• Underpin research, technology and public service
• Link with and build on national, regional and international initiatives
• Foster international cooperation both in the creation and the use of the e-infrastructure Network
infrastructure& Resource
centres
Op
era
tio
ns
, S
up
po
rt a
nd
tr
ain
ing
Collaboration
Pan-European Grid
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 21Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEBackground
• By 2003:• Grid technology shown to be viable
• Large amount of functional middleware
• …thanks to: FP5 : DataGrid, DataTAG, CrossGrid, etc… USA: VDT, Globus, Condor, etc. … and others
• Next step - major production infrastructure• EGEE was proposed to the EU in 2003
• 2 year project began in April 2004, with a 4-year vision.
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 22Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEGrids for e-Infrastructure…
• In 2003, what was missing?• Production-quality (stable, mature) Grid middleware• Production-quality operational support
Grid Operation Centres, Helpdesks, etc.• Multi-discipline grid-enabled application environment
Now led by HEP, Bio-info• Administrative and policy decision framework in order to share
resources at pan-European scale (and beyond) Areas such as AAA (Authentication, Authorisation, Accounting) End-to-end issues (Network related) Funding Policies (Grid economics) Resource Sharing Policies Usage Policies
• EGEE project is tackling most of the above issues
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 23Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE
In the first 2 years EGEE will
• Establish production quality sustained Grid services • 3000 users from at least 5 disciplines• integrate 50 sites into a common infrastructure• offer 5 Petabytes (1015) storage
• Demonstrate a viable general process to bring other scientific communities on board
• Propose a second phase in mid 2005 to take over EGEE in early 2006
Pilot New
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 24Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEEGEE Organisation
• 70 leading institutions in 27 countries, federated in regional Grids
• ~32 M Euros EU funding for first 2 years starting April 2004 (matching funds from partners)
• Leveraging national and regional gridactivities
• Promoting scientific partnershipoutside EU
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 25Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEActivities Definition
• Network Activities• NA1: Project Management• NA2: Dissemination and Outreach• NA3: User Training and Induction• NA4: Application Identification and Support• NA5: Policy and International Cooperation
• Service Activities• SA1: Grid Support, Operation and Management• SA2: Network Resource Provision
• Joint Research Activities• JRA1: Middleware Reengineering + Integration• JRA2: Quality Assurance• JRA3: Security• JRA4: Network Services Development
Emphasis in EGEE is on operating a productiongrid and supporting the end-users
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 26Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEOperations - Introduction
• Strategy has been to • have a robust certification and testing activity,
• simplify as far as possible what is deployed, and to make that robust and useable.
• In parallel construct the essential infrastructure needed to operate and maintain a grid infrastructure in a sustainable way.
• Current service based on work done in LCG – culminating in the current service (“LCG-2”)• Now at the point where in parallel we need to deploy and understand gLite –
whilst maintaining a reliable production service.
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 27Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEEGEE Service Activities
• Create, operate, support and manage a production quality infrastructure
• Offered services:• Middleware deployment and
installation• Software and documentation
repository• Grid monitoring and problem tracking• Bug reporting and knowledge
database• VO services• Grid management services
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 28Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencESA1 – Operations Structure
• Operations Management Centre (OMC):• At CERN – coordination etc
• Core Infrastructure Centres (CIC)• Manage daily grid operations – oversight,
troubleshooting• Run essential infrastructure services• Provide 2nd level support to ROCs• UK/I, Fr, It, CERN, + Russia (M12)• Taipei also run a CIC
• Regional Operations Centres (ROC)• Act as front-line support for user and operations
issues• Provide local knowledge and adaptations• One in each region – many distributed
• User Support Centre (GGUS)• In FZK – manage PTS – provide single point of
contact (service desk)• Not foreseen as such in TA, but need is clear
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 29Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEGrid Operations
• The grid is flat, but
• Hierarchy of responsibility• Essential to scale the operation
• CICs act as a single Operations Centre
• Operational oversight (grid operator) responsibility
• rotates weekly between CICs
• Report problems to ROC/RC
• ROC is responsible for ensuring problem is resolved
• ROC oversees regional RCs
• ROCs responsible for organising the operations in a region
• Coordinate deployment of middleware, etc
• CERN coordinates sites not associated with a ROC
CIC
CICCIC
CICCIC
CICCIC
CICCIC
CICCIC
RCRC
RCRC RCRC
RCRC
RCRC
ROCROC
RCRC
RCRC
RCRCRCRC
RCRCRCRC
ROCROC
RCRC
RCRC RCRC
RCRC
RCRC
ROCROC
RCRC
RCRC
RCRC
RCRC
ROCROC
OMCOMC
RC = Resource Centre
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 30Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE(Human) Networking Activities
• Dissemination and Outreach: 5% of EGEE budget• Dissemination – to actively promote and raise awareness of the EGEE project• Outreach – to identify and contact potential new user communities
• Training and Induction: 4% of EGEE budget• Induction – to introduce and orient - users and members• Training – to create, collate, make available and deliver material and courses
• Application Identification and Support• Process for selecting new application areas• Supports selected VO’s in porting applications
• International cooperation
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 31Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE Dissemination
• 1st project conference, Cork, April • 2nd conference in The Hague
• 22-26 November• http://public.eu-egee.org/conferences/2nd
• Over 300 delegates
• Websites, Brochures and press releases• For project and general public www.eu-
egee.org• Information packs for the general public,
press and industry
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 32Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencETraining and Induction
NeSCEdinburgh
UK & Ireland
GUPLinz
Austria
InnsbruckAustria
CESNETPrague
Czech Rep.
BUTEBudapestHungary
ELUBBudapestHungary
MTA SZTAKIBudapestHungary
ICMWarsawPoland
PSNCPoznanPoland
II-SASBratislavaSlovakia
FZKKarlsruheGermany
INFNRomeItaly
KU-NATFAK Copenhagen
Denmark
IHEPProtvinoRussia
IMPB RASMoscowRussia
ITEPMoscowRussia
JINRDubnaRussia
PNPIPetersburgh
Russia
RRCKIMoscowRussia
GRNETAthensGreece
TAUTel Aviv
Isreal
ICIBucharestRomania
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 33Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE
Current production m’ware: LCG-2
ReplicaReplicaCatalogueCatalogue
Logging &Logging &Book-keepingBook-keeping
ResourceResourceBrokerBroker
StorageStorageElementElement
ComputingComputingElementElement
Information Information ServiceService
Job Status
DataSets info
Author.&Authen.
Job S
ub
mit
Even
t
Job
Qu
ery
Job
Stat
us
Input “sandbox”
Input “sandbox” + Broker Info
Output “sandbox”
Output “sandbox”
Pu
blis
h
SE & CE info
““User User interface”interface”
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 34Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE
• Co-existence with deployed infrastructure
• Co-existence with LCG-2 and OSG (US) are essential for the EGEE Grid services
• Site autonomy• Reduce dependence on ‘global, central’
services
• Open source license
gLite: Guiding Principles
• Service oriented approach• Allow for multiple interoperable
implementations
• Lightweight (existing) services • Easily and quickly deployable• Use existing services where possible
Condor, EDG, Globus, LCG, …
• Portable• Being built on Scientific Linux and Windows
• Security• Sites and Applications
• Performance/Scalability & Resilience/Fault Tolerance
• Comparable to deployed infrastructure
EDGVDT . . .
LCG . . .AliEn
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 35Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEgLite Services for Release 1
Grid AccessService
API
Access Services
JobProvenance
Job Management Services
ComputingElement
WorkloadManagement
PackageManager
MetadataCatalog
Data Services
StorageElement
DataManagement
File & ReplicaCatalog
Authorization
Security Services
AuthenticationAuditing
Information &Monitoring
Information & Monitoring Services
Application
Monitoring
Site Proxy
Accounting
JRA3 UK
CERN IT/CZ
Focus on key services
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 36Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEApproach
• Role: gLite is intended as the middleware for Pan-European Grid
• Approach:
Combining and re-engineering existing components
(as far as possible)
• Middleware (MW) components now work reasonably well –
problems usually elsewhere
• Substantial body of experience of MW development, packing and use
• Based on LCG2
• What is currently used within the EGEE project
• Can be viewed as an initial version of
Pan-European Grid middleware
• gLIte deals with• LCG2 shortcomings
• Advanced application needs
• State-of-the-art Internet approaches and standards
EDGVDT . . .
LCG . . .AliEn
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 37Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEImprovements
• Extended Functionality
• Incorporates features from other products
• Some new functionality
• Increased Modularity
• Previous products tend to be monolithic – assumed to be used in entirety
• Now need to move towards smaller scale of component combinability
• Improved Deployability
• Modularity
• Installation support
• Non-dedicated machines
• Coherent architecture
• extending functionalities and increasing modularity requires –
• a revised picture of the organisation of functions
• rationalisation of interface
• Adopt Web Services Approach and Standards
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 38Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEGuiding Principles
• Lightweight - Easily and quickly deployable
• Mix-and-match components
• Multiple services running on the same physical machine (if possible)
• Interoperable
• Client may talk to different independent implementations of the same service
• Resilient and Fault Tolerant
• Co-exist with deployed infrastructure
• Reduce requirements on site components
• Co-existence with LCG-2 essential for the EGEE Grid service
• Platform support- Goal is to have portable middleware
• Building & Integration on RHEL 3 and windows
• Initial testing (at least 3 sites) using different Linux flavours (including free distributions)
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 39Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEGuiding Principles
• Service oriented approach
• Based on web services standards
• Service autonomy
• User may talk to services directly or through other services (like access service)
• Open Source software license
• No restriction on usage (academic or commercial) beyond acknowledgement
• That's for MW - for application software, Sites must obtain appropriate licenses before installation
• Main Documentation
Application requirements: http://egee-na4.ct.infn.it/requirements/
Architecture: https://edms.cern.ch/document/476451
Design: https://edms.cern.ch/document/476451
Release plan: https://edms.cern.ch/document/468699
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 40Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencEApplication communities and EGEE
• LCG and Bio-informatics from day 1
• New application communities are selected by the EGEE Generic Applications Advisory Panel:• For new applications• See: EGEE web site (NA4 activity) and also
http://agenda.cern.ch/age?a042351
• Selected are:• Computational chemistry• Earth sciences• Earth observation• Astrophysics
• Also working with DILIGENT:• Virtual digital data libraries
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 41Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE
• Prototyping short development cycles for fast user feedback –
Requirements
Planning & Design
Implementation
Testing
Development Cycle
Globus 2 based Web services based
gLite-2gLite-1LCG-2LCG-1
Deployment : Prototype Infrastructure → Pre-production service → Production Service
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 42Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE
Open Source Software License
• The existing EGEE grid middleware (LCG-2) is distributed under an Open Source License developed by EU DataGrid project• Derived from modified BSD - no restriction on usage
(academic or commercial) beyond acknowledgement
• Approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI)
• Same approach for new middleware (gLite)• New license agreed by partners is derived from the
EDG license and takes into account feedback from the World Intellectual Property Office (WIPO)
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 43Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE
EGEE www.eu-egee.orgLCG lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/“Concertation event” and Second EGEE conference:http://public.eu-egee.org/conferences/2nd/programme/outline.html
The Grid Cafe www.gridcafe.org•More EU sites:
•http://www.cordis.lu/ist/grids/fp6_grid_projects.htm•http://www.gridstart.org/concertation_mtg.shtml•“e-Infrastructures Reflection Group http://www.e-irg.org
•NeSC www.nesc.ac.uk
Further Information
NGS Induction, NeSc, March 11 2005 – Web Service Grids - 44Richard Hopkins, Training Team, NeSC
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE
• THE END