empowering women through rural infrastructure
TRANSCRIPT
8/3/2019 Empowering Women Through Rural Infrastructure
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Empowering WOMENThrough Rural Infrastructure
Mainstreaming Gender in Transport
Xiaohong Yang
Lead Transport Specialist
9 February 2012
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author anddo not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or thegovernments they represent. ADB does not guarantee theaccuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts noresponsibility for any consequence of their use. The countrieslisted in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as tosovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform toADB's terminology
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% of PRC average
• Over 86% of the road network is rural roads, out of which 85%
is unpaved (eastern, gravel, and stone-paved surfaces).
• The lack of routine maintenance has resulted in poor rural road
conditions.• Roads are located in mountainous terrain, and subjected to high
rainfall. During rainy season, landslides commonly block the
roads and are only cleared after the rainy season, leaving
communities without access for months at a time.
• Rural communities face considerable transport difficulties and
high costs to access goods and services, including for the
purchase of agricultural inputs and the sale of their produce.
Road Conditions in Yunnan
• Apart from agriculture, very few other incomeearning opportunities exist in the rural areas.Many men migrate to the cities in search of work, although they are not able to sendmuch money back to the household.
• Women cannot easily work outside their community due to their other responsibilitiesfor taking care of the children, livestock,
agricultural land and the household. They aretherefore very restricted in the type of workthey can access.
Income-Earning Opportunities
BackgroundBackground
GDP/capita Rural householdconsumption
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Leverage ADB unique advantages for results
Local people and local engineers are
being guided towards achieving
results
Local people are
making steps for
themselves. They are
making their own
plan and replicate it
in the whole Dehong
prefecture in the next
year to come!
Works in partnership
with local people:
women’s federation andlocal engineers.
Linkages of GDCF financial resources, ADB
experts in gender and social
development, our lending and learning
opportunities
GDCF funded the Pilot
and has been a strong
encouragementthroughout
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Impact and Outputs of GDCF 6143
Village and township leaders have expressed new understanding of women’s capacities(“men would have given up, but women continue and finish”)Earnings have increased decision-making in household (e.g. less quarrels about use of
money)Men have taken over some tasks (e.g. cooking)
Women Status has improved
Experience shows supporting women is the best way to support the entire community
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• Average costs came to CNY 5,250/km, ranging from CNY 3,300/km to CNY 7,800/km
• 84% salary costs – creating incomes and employment for rural communities
• Activities go beyond routine maintenance (emergency and improvement)
• Tools and safety equipment and insurance purchased by the project
• Management burden considered high by CBs (2 staff members x 2 days each month)
• Introduction of performance-based contracts under the subsequent SSTA project.
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Maintenance costs
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• 42% of costs for landslides
• 36% road surface and shoulder repairs
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Maintenance costs by activity
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Training and Capacity Building
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• fotos
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Road conditions
Examples of gender mainstreaming to showcase “promising approaches”
Before After
Rural Infrastructure project can empower women
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Road conditionsBefore After
Seeing is believing.
Women provided great contribution to rural Infrastructure project
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Road conditions
Better to see once than to hear 100 times
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• Spot improvements
• Stone paved repairs carried out
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Other repairs carried out
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Do you want to
ask interns to help
you working on
the monthly
checkups before
and during rainy
season?
Don’t worry, we
know these roads
better than you do. I
have lived here all
my life!
This manual
sounds pretty
simple, but I
wonder if she is
up to it!
No, I better go to
ask women
maintenance
group, they are
far much better!
In many projects, especially for routine maintenance, womencontractors have been more effective and produced a better
quality of work than male led contractors.
Source: DFID Research Scheme Number R6476 Community Participation in Road Maintenance
Assessment of Capacity Assessment of CapacityFrom
TO...
h h lE i W th h l
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Empowering Women through ruralEmpowering Women through ruraltransport infrastructuretransport infrastructure
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KPS: Guide, Manual and Brochure
WITH SPECIAL THANKSGCOP: Shireen Lateef, Bart W. Edes, Sonomi Tanaka, Sri
Wening Handayani, Samantha Hung, Aldrin Roco and other
peer reviewers.
EARD: Klaus Gerhaeusser, Edgar A. Cua, David Sobel, Scott
Ferguson, Malu Panlilio, Chenglong Chu, Lei Kan.
TCOP: Tyrrell Duncan, David Salter, Hideaki Iwasaki, Gloria
Gerilla-Teknomo, Jea Macrohon, Pamela Manalo-Nacpil
DER: Anna Juico, Cynthia Hidalgo Rodel Bautista, Celeste
Landicho, Priscila P. Del Rosario
OAS: Wyn Lauzon, Judy Yniguez
Two publications have been tested and validated under the project.1000 copies of publications have reached targeted beneficiaries.
Xiaohong,Perhaps, you can
produce
something like
this for Yunnan
project, Sonomi
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• It is a good project, and we are being
guided towards achieving results.• It fosters team spirit.
• It makes our lives easier.
• We have stable income as we haveflexible work hours
• We also obtained maintenance skill-increased access to employment.
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Spotlights: More
W h a t i s m o r e
• Helped us to f inance education of our
children, some spent on buildings,refrigerator, etc.
• Had changes in our perception.
• We gained confidence.
• It showcased how it can help turnaroundour livelihood skills and our communities.
Advantages according to women It is empowering
Transport sector can provide opportunities for employment and skills, also EGM projects
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Good practice example of gender mainstreaming: Promising approaches
• Road nearly always open compared to rainy season closures under old system
• Road surface conditions improved
• Women with few employment opportunities provided with income and other
employment opportunities in construction and maintenance programs.
• Raise living standards of household members.
• Increase productivity through transport project.• WOMEN HAPPY, ROAD USERS HAPPY, AUTHORITIES HAPPY
Maintenance system successful
Conclusion
• Maintenance Funding provided by Dehong prefecture has been increased from CNY
2.8 million in 2010 to CNY 7.8 million in 2011.• Management system has been improved – performance-based contracting through
SSTA• Women's maintenance groups created have been contracted out to perform routine
maintenance of rural roads in Dehong prefecture• Yunnan Integrated Road Network Improvement Project - Rural road component to
scale up
THE SYSTEM IS REPLICABLE
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THANK YOU also to many women community champions, andlocal engineers. They work so hard to improve their transportand life of their communities!
Maintenance Song
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Key Project Capacity Building Experience:
HEAR AND FORGET
SEE AND REMEMBER
DO AND UNDERSTAND
Confusius
Let’s work hand in hand with GCoP team to continue on more GEM projects!
Information website:
http://beta.adb.org/publications/empowering-women-through-rural-infrastructure