Course: fundamentals of extension education and extension programmes

Course instuctor:

Dr.Monika wasan

Presented by

Jagriti rohit

Roll no: 20133

m.Sc 1st yr agricutlural extension

content

National rural employment guarantee act.

Sampoorna gramin rozgar yojana.

National food for work programme.

Swarna jayanti gram swarozgar yojana.

Swarna jayanti sehari rozgar yojana.

National assistance programme.

Pradhan mantri gramodaya yojana.

Prime minister rozgar yojana.

Jawaharlal nehru national urban renewal

mission

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

Implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development -, National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) is the flagship programme of the Government that directly touches lives of the poor and promotes inclusive growth.

The Act aims at enhancing livelihood security of households in rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

The Act came into force on February 2, 2006 and was implemented in a phased manner.

In Phase one it was introduced in 200 of the most backward districts of the country.

It was implemented in an additional 130 districts in Phase two 2007-2008.

Cont…..

As per the initial target, NREGA was to be expanded countrywide in five years. However, in order to bring the whole nation under its safety net and keeping in view the demand, the Scheme was extended to the remaining 274 rural districts of India from April 1, 2008 in Phase III.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) - is the first ever law internationally, that guarantees wage employment at an unprecedented scale.

The primary objective of the Act is augmenting wage employment. Its auxiliary objective is strengthening natural resource management through works that address causes of chronic poverty like drought, deforestation and soil erosion and so encourage sustainable development. The process outcomes include strengthening grassroots processes of democracy and infusing transparency and accountability in governance.

Cont…

With its rights-based framework and demand driven approach, National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) - marks a paradigm shift from the previous wage programmes.

The Act is also a significant vehicle for strengthening decentralization and deepening processes of democracy by giving a pivotal role to the PanchayatiRaj Institutions in planning, monitoring and implementation.

Unique features of the ACT include, time bound employment guarantee and wage payment within 15 days, incentive-disincentive structure to the State Governments for providing employment as 90 per cent of the cost for employment provided is borne by the Centre or payment of unemployment allowance at their own cost and emphasis on labour intensive works prohibiting the use of contractors and machinery.

The Act also mandates 33 percent participation for women. Over the last two years, implementation trends vindicate the basic objective of the Act.

Cont….

Increasing Employment Opportunities: In 2007-08, 3.39 crore households were provided employment and 143.5 crore person days were generated in 330 districts. In 2008-2009, upto July, 253 crore households have been provided employment and 85.29 crore person days have been generated.

Enhancing Wage Earning and Impact on Minimum Wage: The enhanced wage earnings have lead to strengthening of the livelihood resource base of the rural poor in India; in 2007-2008, more than 68% of funds utilised were in the form of wages paid to the labourers. In 2008-2009, 73% of the funds have been utilized in the form of wages

Increasing Outreach to the poor: Self targeting in nature, the Programme has high works participation of marginalized groups like SC/ST (57%), women (43%) in 2007-2008. In 2008-2009, upto July, the participation is SC/ST (54%) and women (49%), strengthening Natural Resource Base of Rural India: In 2007-08, 17.88 lakh works have been undertaken, of which 49% were related to water conservation. In 2008-2009, upto July, 16.88 lakh works have been undertaken, of which 49% are related to water conservation.

NAREGA

PROJECTS UNDER NAREGA

WOMEN GETTING EMPLOYMENT UDER NAREGA

Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojna

• The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was launched on 25 September, 2001 by merging the on-going schemes of EAS and the JGSY with the objective of providing additional wage employment and food security, alongside creation of durable community assets in rural areas.

• The programme is self-targeting in nature with provisions for special emphasis on women, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and parents of children withdrawn from hazardous occupations.

• While preference is given to BPL families for providing wage employment under SGRY, poor families above the poverty line can also be offered employment whenever NREGA has been launched.

• The annual outlay for the programme is Rs.10,000 crore which includes 50 lakh tonnes on food grains.

Cont…….

• The cash component is shared between the Centre and the States in the ratio of 75:25.

• Food grains are provided free of cost to the States/UTs. The payment of food grains is made directly to FCI at economic cost by the Centre.

• However, State Governments are responsible for the cost of transportation of food grains from FCI godown to work-site/PDS shops and its distribution.

• Minimum wages are paid to the workers through a mix of minimum five kg of food grains and at least 25 per cent of wages in cash.

• The programme is implemented by all the three tiers of Panchayat Raj Institutions.

• Each level of Panchayat is an independent unit for formulation of Action Plan and executing the scheme.

• Resources are distributed among District Panchayat, Intermediate Panchayats and the Gram Panchayats in the ratio of 20:30:50.

Cont….

• The Gram Panchayats can take up any work with the approval of the gram sabha as per their felt need and within available funds.

• Fifty per cent of the funds earmarked for the gram panchayats are to be utilised for infrastructure development works in SC/ST localities.

• 22.5 per cent resources must be spent on individual beneficiary schemes meant for SCs/STs out of the resource share of District Panchayat and Intermediate Panchayats.

• Contractors are not permitted to be engaged for execution of any of the works and no middlemen/intermediate agencies can be engaged for executing works under the scheme.

• The programme is regularly monitored. The programme is being evaluated through impact studies conducted by reputed institutions and organisations sponsored by the Central/State governments.

Sampoorna

gramin rozgar

yojana

This picture shows the then prime minister shri atal bihari vajapyeelaunching sampoorna gramin rozgaryojana

The National Food for Work Programme was launched in November, 2004 in 150 most backward districts of the country, identified by the Planning Commission in consultation with the Ministry of Rural Development and the State governments.

The objective of the programme was to provide additional resources apart from the resources available under the Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) to 150 most backward districts of the country so that generation of supplementary wage employment and providing of food-security through creation of need based economic, social and community assets in these districts are further intensified.

The scheme was 100 per cent centrally sponsored. The programme has since been subsumed in National Rural Employment Guarantee Act which has come in force in 200 identified districts of the country including 150 NFFWP districts.

The Act provides 100 days of work guarantee to every rural household whose members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

National Food for Work Programme

The Swarnjayanti Gram SwarozgarYojana (SGSY) was launched as an integrated programme for self-employment of the rural poor with effect from 1 April 1999.

The objective of the scheme is to bring the assisted poor families above the poverty line by organising them into Self Help Groups (SHGs) through the process of social mobilisation, their training and capacity building and provision of income generating assets through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy.

The scheme emphasizes establishment of activity clusters through selection of key activities based on aptitude and skill of the people, availability of resources and market potentiality.

The scheme adopts a process approach and attempts to build the capacities of the rural poor.

It provides for involvement of NGOs/CBOs/Individuals/Banks and Self Help Promoting Institutions in nurturing and development of SHGs, including skill development.

The scheme provides for the cost of social intermediation and skill development training based on the local requirement. Flexibility has been given to the DRDAs/States in the utilisation of funds for training, sanction of Revolving Fund, subsidy for economic activity based on the stage of development of groups

The focus of the programme is on establishing a large number of micro-enterprises in rural areas based on the ability of the poor and potential of each area, both land-based and otherwise, for sustainable income generation.

Due emphasis is being laid on different components such as capacity building of the poor, skill development training, credit, training, technology transfer, marketing and infrastructure.

The subsidy allowed under the SGSY is 30 per cent of the total project cost, subject to a ceiling of Rs.7,500 (for SC/STs and disabled persons subsidy limit is 50 per cent of the project cost subject to a ceiling of Rs.10,000).

For Self-Help Groups (SHGs), subsidy would be 50 per cent of the project cost subject to a ceiling of Rs.1.25 lakh or per capita subsidy of Rs.10,000, whichever is less.

There is no monetary ceiling on subsidy for minor irrigation projects for SHGs as well as individual swarozgaris. The SGSY has a special focus on the vulnerable groups among the rural poor. SC/STs account for at least 50 per cent, women 40 per cent and the persons with physical disability constitute 3 per cent of the Swarozgaries respectively. The SGSY seeks to promote multiple credits rather than a one-time credit injection.

The SHGs may consist of 10-20 members and in case of minor irrigation, and in case of disabled persons and difficult areas, i.e., hilly, desert and sparsely populated areas; this number may be a minimum of five. Self Help Groups should also be drawn from the BPL list approved by the Gram Sabha. The SHGs broadly go through three stages of evolution such as group formation, capital formation through the revolving fund and skill development and taking up of economic activity for income generation.

Swarna jayanti shahari rozgaryojana The Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY), in operation since 01.12.1997, has

been

comprehensively revamped with a view to addressing the drawbacks observed in implementation. The

Revised Guidelines have come into effect from 1.4.2009. The three key objectives of the revised

Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) are:

• Addressing urban poverty alleviation through gainful employment to the urban unemployed or

underemployed poor;

• Supporting skill development and training to enable the urban poor have access to employment

opportunities provided by the market or undertake self-employment; and

• Empowering the community to tackle the issues of urban poverty through suitable selfmanaged

community structures and capacity building programmes.

The revamped SJSRY has five major components, namely-

(i). Urban Self Employment Programme (USEP)

(ii). Urban Women Self-help Programme (UWSP)

(iii). Skill Training for Employment Promotion amongst Urban Poor (STEP-UP)

(iv). Urban Wage Employment Programme (UWEP)

(v). Urban Community Development Network (UCDN)

The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) comprises three separate Schemes, namely, National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS), National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) and National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS).

The Programme introduces a national policy for social security assistance to the poor families and represents a significant step towards the fulfilment of the Directive Principles in Articles "2"1 and "2"2 of the Constitution recognising the concurrent responsibility of the Central and State Governments in the matter.

The NSAP is a Centrally Sponsored Programme to extend 100 per cent Central assistance to the States/UTs to provide the benefits under it in accordance with the norms, guidelines and conditions laid down by the Central Government. The Programme has come into effect from August 15,1995.

The objective of the Programme is to extend financial assistance to old persons having little or no regular means of subsistence, to households living below the poverty line in case of death of the primary breadwinner and to pregnant women of households below the poverty line upto the first two live births.

The assistance under the National Social Assistance Programme NSAP is available to the destitutes the poorest of the poor and families below the poverty lines. The Schemewise target groups are as under :-

National Old Age Pension Scheme(NOAPS) Old persons who are destitutes in the sense of having no regular

means of subsistence from their own sources of income or through financial support from family members or other sources.

National Family Benefit Scheme(NFMS): Households below the poverty line on the death of the primary

breadwinner. The ‘primary breadwinner’ has been defined as the member of the family whose earnings contribute substantially to the total household income.

National Maternity Benefit Scheme(NMBS): Pregnant women of the households living below the poverty line

upto the first two live births.

Housing is a basic requirement for human well-being. It is towards this end that a new initiative has recently been announced,as part of Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY), for the provisioning of Rural Shelter, with emphasis on extending maximum benifit to the rural poor.

Not only do all citizens need shelter, they also require in their houses such facilities as drinking water and proper sanitation.

The Ministry of Rural Development has been entrusted the responsibility of providing shelter to the poor in the rural areas.

While the Ministry is already implementing Schemes, including the Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY), in the sphere of Rural Housing, considering the magnitude of the task it has been felt to be imprative to supplement the efforts being made in this direction through the introduction of a Comprehensive Scheme which aims at reducing the shortage of houses Below Poverty Line (BPL) familiesinthe rural areas and also assists in the healthy development of the habitat in these areas.

The Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana(Gramin Awaas) will,

generally, be based on the pattern of the Indira Awaas Yojana and will be implemented in the rural areas throughout the country.

Target Group:

The target group for houses under scheme will be te people who are living below the poverty line in the rural areas, belonging to Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers and non-SC/ST categories. Not more than 40% of the total allocation during a financial year can be utilized for construction of dwelling for non-SC/ST BPL families, while funds to the tune of 3% will be earmarked for the benefit of BPL physically/mentally challenged persons.

Identification of Beneficiaries:

The District Rural Development Agencies(DRDAs) ZilaParishads will decide the number of houses to be constructed, Panchayat-wise and the same will immediately be intimated to the Gram Panchayat. Thereafter, the Gram Sabha will select the beneficiaries from the list of eligible households, restricting this number of target alloted. The intermediate-level Panchayat(Panchayat Samiti) will invariably be sent a list of selected beneficiaries

Elderly people are getting training under social assistance programmes.

Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana for providing self-Employment to

Educated Unemployed Youth was announced by the Prime

Minister on 15th August, 1993 to provide self-employed

opportunities to one million educated unemployed youth in the

country. The Scheme has been formally launched on 2nd October,

1993

The PMRY has been designed to provide employment to more

than a million Person by setting up of 7 lakhs micro enterprises

by the educated unemployed youth.

It relates to the setting up of the self-employment ventures

through industry, service and business routes.

The scheme also seeks to associate reputed non-governmental

organisations in implementation PMRY scheme especially in the

selection, training of entrepreneurs and preparation of project

profiles.

Coverage:

The scheme intends to cover urban areas only during 1993-94 and whole of the country from 1994-95 onwards. From 1994-95 onwards, the existing self-employment Scheme for the Educated Unemployed Youth (SEEUY) will be subsumed in PMRY

Eligibility:

Any unemployed educated person living in any part of the country rural or urban fulfilling the following conditions will be eligible for assistance. However, during 1993-94, the scheme would be operated only in urban areas.

Age: Between 18 to 40 years (SC/ST - 45 years).

Qualification: Matric (Passed or Failed) or ITI passed or having undergone Govt. sponsored technical course for a minimum duration of 6 months.

Residency: Permanent resident of the area for at least 3 years Document like Ration Card would constitute enough proof for this purpose. In its absence any other document to the satisfaction of the Task Force should be produced.

Family Income: Upto Rs.40,000/- per annum. Family for this purpose would mean spouse and parents of the beneficiary and family income would include income from all sources, whether, wages, salary, pension, agriculture, business, rent etc.

Defaulter: Should not be a defaulter to any nationalised bank/financial institution/co-operative bank.

Reservation:

Preference should be given to weaker section including women. The scheme envisages 22.5% reservation for SC/ST and 27% for other Backward Classes (OBCs)

Project Cost:

Projects upto Rs.1 lakh are covered under the scheme in case of individuals. If two or more eligible persons join together in a partnership, the project with higher costs would also be covered provided share of each person in the project cost is Rs.1 lakhs or less.

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission is a massive city modernisation scheme launched by the Government of Indiaunder Ministry of Urban Development.

It envisages a total investment of over $20 billion over seven years. It is named after Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India.

The scheme was officially inaugurated by the prime minister, Manmohan Singh on 3 December 2005 as a programme meant to improve the quality of life and infrastructure in the cities. It has two sub-missions:

the Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance administered by the Ministry of Urban Development, with a focus on water supply and sanitation, solid waste management, road network, urban transport and redevelopment of old city areas.

the Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP)[1]

administered by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation with a focus on integrated development of slums.[2]

Mission Objectives: Focused attention relating to infrastructural services in the context of

integrated development is to be covered under the Mission. Make efficient and increase self-sustaining capabilities of cities as per

the sector proving infrastructural services by securing the linkages between asses creation and asset management

Ensure adequate investment of funds to fulfill deficiencies in the urban infrastructural services.

Planned development of identified cities including peri-urban areas, out growths, urban corridors, so that urbanization takes place in a dispersed manner.

Scale up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to urban poor.

To take up urban renewal programme, i.e., re-development of inner (old) cities area to reduce congestion.[3]

Mission Coverage As per the JNNURM guidelines, only select cities/Urban Agglomerations (UAs)

as per 2001 Census have been chosen for the implementation of the programme as per norms/criteria mentioned below

A Cities/UAs with 4 million plus population as per 2001 census 07 B Cities/UAs with 1 million plus but less than 4 million population as per 2001 Census 28 C Selected Cities/UAs (State Capitals and other cities/UAs of religious/historic and touristic importance) 28

Eligibility A total of 65 cities are eligible (up from 63 initially), provided that they have

elected bodies in position. 13 specific reforms are mandatory for states and municipalities before funds can be accessed.

At the municipal level, they include the adoption of modern accounting systems, improvements in property tax collection, better cost recovery by utilities and targeting of investments to the poor.

At the state level, they include the implementation of decentralisation measures, as well as the enactment of laws for community participation and public disclosure.[2] JNNURM is currently being implemented in 63 cites.