employment and working conditions of migrants from southeast asia in the fishing sector

7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector

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Employment and Working Conditionsof Mi rants from Southeast Asia in

the Fishing Sector

4th ABDIOECDILORoundtableonLabourMi ration

28

January

2014,

Tokyo

The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do nothe views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not

necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute ADBI),

the Asian Development Bank ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they

represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and

accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use Terminology used may notccepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not

necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.


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PREDOMINANTMIGRANT

FISHERSFLOWSFROMSOUTHEASTASIA


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Workingconditions:long,undefinedworkinghours;hazardouswork;paidaccordingtocatch;

paid

irregularly;

living

in

the

workplace;

isolated

.

Application/enforcementofthelaw:labourlaws

donot

always

apply;

limited

inspection

or

access

to

complaints;jurisdictionalchallenges;low.

4


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Studyon

employmentandworking

conditionsin

Thailands

fishingsector


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Profileof

Res ondents

Nationality

Myanmar 306Cambodian 241

Thai 49

Total 596

Giventhetotalnumberofworkersinfishin andtheresearch

methodology,

the

findingscannotbesaidtobe

as

a

whole


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Theinitial

decision

to

work

in

fishin

Decisionbymyself Amongthe32respondents

96.9%

Iwasdeceivedorcoerced whoweredeceivedorcoerced

Iwasdeceived/coercedby

a

broker

in

my

village

17

Iwasdeceived/coercedby

abrokerinThailand 9

3.1%

16%

orfamilymembers 6

Shorthaul Longhaul


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3.9%Don'tKnow

2.3

No93.8%


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on y

wa e Meanwage:

THB6 8

(USD210)

Theminimumwagedoesnotapplyto

fishing,but

for

comparison,theminimumwageinthefourprovincesduring

es u y

per o

was

betweenTHB246300(USD810) perday.


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pr mary

e uc on

Nodeduction 57.9%

Deduction,butdonotknowdetails 18.3%

Debtincurred

/Wage

advance

15.4%

Foodanddrinkingwater 5.4%

Registrationcardmakingfee 1.7%

Leavedays 0.8%

Accommodation 0.5%


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Have

ouever

had

an

accident

that

caused

ou

to

stopworkingorvisitahospital?

Yes,.

No,79.4%

Thai crew supervisor who lost his arm in a

winch Samut Sakhon 18 Se tember 2012 ILO.


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andcleanforconsumption?

No,.

Yes,88.8%


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DECEPTIVE

COERCIVE

PRACTICES


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Short Lon

,

haul

(%) haul

(%)

o a

(%)

Force 12.0 12.3 12.0

Deceivedaboutworking3.3 12.3 4.9

Workingwillingly 84.7 75.5 83.1

*Wasforced,Soldbybrokertoboatowner,orForcedtoworktopay

debts


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Menace

of

enaltPenalty %

No

penalty

(Working

willingly) 83.1Financialpenalty 12.1

Physicalviolenceorthreatofviolence 3.0

Threatsto

inform

authorities 0.8

Withholdingofassets(cashorother) 0.5

Withholdingdocuments 0.2

Threatsagainst

family

members 0.2

Otherformsofpunishment 0.2


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161820

.

1 .1110

1214

. .

246

ForcedLabourwithNon

ForcedLabourwithFinancial

Workingwillingly

Total


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Forced

labour

and

sufficient

rest100%

80%

71% 76% 74%40%

34%20%

0

Forcedlabourwithnon

financial enalt

Forcedlabourwithfinancial

enalt

Workingwillingly

Total

Yes No


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Forced

labour

and

savin s

6 1 6 1FLwithfinancial enalt

58 23 11 8Workingwillingly

60 21 10 9Total

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Nosavings LessthanTHB2,500

THB2,5014,500 MorethanTHB4,501


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10.1%ofrespondentsreported

beatenwhileonboard

. oflonghaul

*Not

necessarily

with

current

employer


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Work

Establishmentoflabourcoordinationcenterstoregisterfishers

and

vessels

rovide

trainin

to

ca tains

and

crews

handlecomplaints;etc.

IndustryCodeofConductandtrainingforemployers

,police

and

navy

Supportservicestofishers:provideinformationonrights,, , , .


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Comparativestudyof

policies,

recruitmentchannels

Cambodia,Indonesia,

Vietnam andcase

studyon

Taipei,Chinas fishingsector


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RegionalMeetingonWork

KnowledgeBase

and

SharingGoodPracticesfortheProtectionofMigrantWorkers

September2013Makassar,Indonesia


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Indonesia,Philippines

and

Vietnam

have

standard

employment

contractformigrantfishers

Vietnam:GuidanceNo.276onSendingVietnameseFishingCrewforEmploymentinTaipei,China

Recruitmenta encies

in

Vietnam

rovide

fishin

s ecific

testin

andtraining;obtainfishersinsurancetocoveraccidentsandpaythefisherssalarytotheirfamily

Phili inesfishershaveformedthefirstmi rantworkertrade

unionin

Taipei,China

Longdistancehealthcareservicesystemwithhospitalsindestinationcountriesto rovidemedicalservicestomi rantfishers(Taipei,China)


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Thankyouforyour

Formoreinformation,pleasecontact:

MaxTunon,GMSTRIANGLEProjectCoordinator

ILO

Regional

Office

for

Asia

and

the

Pacific

Tel:6622882245

Email:[email protected]

. .

employment and working conditions of migrants from southeast asia in the fishing sector

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