EMOTIONAL EMOTIONAL MESSAGESMESSAGES

• Principles of emotions and emotinal messages

• Obstacles to communicating Emotions

• Skills for Expressing Emotions• Skills for Responding to the Emotions

of Others

PRINCIPLES EMOTIONS & PRINCIPLES EMOTIONS & EMOTIONAL MESSAGESEMOTIONAL MESSAGES

• Emotions May Be Primary or Blended

• Primary emotions are joy, acceptance, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation

• Love, awe, contempt, aggressiveness are blends of primary emotions.

• Negative emotions

• Emotions consist of :• A physical part ( our physiological

reactions)• A cognitive part ( our interpretations of

our feelings)• A cultural part ( our cultural traditions

influence on our emotional evaluations & expressions)

• Emotions are communicated verbally and nonverbally

• Emotional are always very strongly, sometimes only midly

• Emotional feeling and emotional communication are two different things

• Emotions Expression is governed by display rules

• Different cultures, display rules govern what is and what is not permissible emotional comunication

• Women talk more about feelings & emotions & use communication for emotional expression more than man ( Barbato & Perse, 1992)

• Women are also more likely to express socialy acceptable emotions than are men (Brody,1985)

• Emotions Are Contagious (Cappella & Schreiber,2006)

• In emotion contagion emotions pass from one person to another;women are especially prone to this process

• Emotional isolation refers to the situation in which a person has no intimate with whom to share emotion

• In what ways might people seek to prevent or lessen emotional issolation ?

Theories of EmotionsTheories of Emotions

An Event occurs You experience an emotion You respond

physiologically

Theories of EmotionsTheories of EmotionsJames – Lange TheoryJames – Lange Theory

An Event occurs You respond physiologically

You experience an Emotion – joy

or sadness

Theories of EmotionsTheories of EmotionsCognitive labelling theoryCognitive labelling theory

An Event occurs

You respond physiologically

You interpretthis arousal; you decide what you Are experiencing

You Experience

The emotions

Obstacles to communicating Obstacles to communicating emotionsemotions

• Societal and cultural customs• Fear of appearing weak or powerless• Inadequate interpersonal skill : lack

of skill in expressing emotions.

Skill for expressing emotionsSkill for expressing emotions

• Understand your feelings and what made you feel this way

• Describe your feelings as accurately as possible

• identify the reasons for your feelings• anchor your feelings and their expression

in the present time• own your own feelings• Ask for what you want• Handle your anger as appropiate

Anger ManagementAnger Management• Self• Context• Receiver• Effect• Affermath• Messages

Anger ComunicationsAnger Comunications• Get ready to communicate calmly and

logically• Examine your communication choices• Consider the advantages of delaying the

expression of anger• Remember that different cultures have

different display rules• Apply the relevant skills of interpersonal

communications• Recall the irreversibility of communication

Skills for responding to the Skills for responding to the emotions of othersemotions of others

• Look at nonverbal cues to understand the individuals feelings

• Look for cues as to what the person wants is for someone to listen; don’t assume it’s to solve their problem.

• Use active listening techniques• Empathize : see the situation from other person’s

perspective. Ask yourself what the other person may be feeling

• Focus on the other person. Avoid interpreting the situations from your experiences.

• Remember the irreversibility communications.

• Marie & Tom have been maried for several years. Tom is extremely expressive, yelling one minute. Mary is nonexpressive. This difference is now causing problems.Mary feels Tom reacts impulsively without thinking her feelings. Tom feels is unwilling to share her life with him.

• What skills do Tom and Mary need to learn.