emotion regulation of others and self control theory of emotion regulation: a dynamic model of...
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Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Control Theory of Emotion Regulation: A Dynamic Model of Emotion
David Cameron, Peter Totterdell, David Holman, Stuart Bennett
The University of Sheffield
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Outline
• MARDY - Model of Affect Regulation Dynamics• Simulates fluctuations in internal and expressed
emotional states• Based upon theoretical control model by
Diefendorff & Gosserand (2003)• Incorporates an established model of alertness by
Akerstedt, Folkard & Portin (2004)
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Modelling Emotion
• Perhaps best understood as dynamic phenomena– Intensity profiles (E.g. Verduyn et al., 2009)– Statistical models (E.g. Oravecz et al., In press)– Computational models (E.g. Gratch & Marsella – EMA)
• Can be represented as key dimensions– E.g. Bipolar scale of positive to negative valence
• Differentiation between felt and expressed emotional states
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Emotional Labour
• Expression of a required set of display emotions in exchange for a wage (Hochschild ‘83)
• Emotion regulation methods– Deep Acting and Surface Acting
• Control theory as a model of understanding regulation– Tiered, competing goals
• Physically Demanding– Can lead to employee burnout
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Resource & Ego Depletion
• Cognitive tasks are demanding– Shared ‘resource’ of cognitive energy (Baumeister et al.
‘07)
• Depletion of this resource exhaustion– Cognitive and physical energy associated (Gailliot et al.
‘07)
• Energy (and resource) dynamically fluctuate– E.g. Self regulation ability sharply drops at the end of day
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Resource Available
Internal Emotion State
Compared to Desired State
Displayed Emotion
State
Compared to Desired
State
Inputs (from
others)
Outputs (to others)
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Compared to Desired Goal
Compared to Desired
Goal
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Resource Available
Displayed Emotion
State
Compared to Desired
State
Inputs (from
others)
Outputs (to others)
Compared to Desired Goal
Compared to Desired
Goal
Internal Emotion State
Compared to Desired State
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Resource Available
Internal Emotion State
Compared to Desired State
Inputs (from
others)
Outputs (to others)
Compared to Desired Goal
Compared to Desired
Goal
Displayed Emotion
State
Compared to Desired
State
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Resource Available
Internal Emotion State
Compared to Desired State
Displayed Emotion
State
Compared to Desired
State
Inputs (from
others)
Outputs (to others)
Compared to Desired Goal
Compared to Desired
Goal
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Resource Available
Internal Emotion State
Compared to Desired State
Displayed Emotion
State
Compared to Desired
State
Inputs (from
others)
Outputs (to others)
Compared to Desired Goal
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Modelling diary data
Hourly mood recordings across two days
Afternoon lull & recovery in both diary data and model data.
Less variability in second day
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Effects Seen
• Internal state and physical energy linked– Diary data r = .679 Model data r = .655
• Fluctuating emotional states follow cyclical patterns
• Fixed display rules result in greater employee exhaustion
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Future Work
• Further validation against collected data– Diary data from couples
• Development of model predictions– Contrary to expectations greater variation in expression
with strict display rules.
• Preliminary testing for sleep studies• Network of interacting models
– Emotion contagion
• Programmed Interventions?
Emotion Regulation of Others and Self
http://www.erosresearch.org/
Example data
Experimental model is repeatedly woken between day 1 and 2
All other parameters are unchanged
Recordings taken every hour (as in diary studies)