emissions in si engines
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$%##$#$%##$#
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907!4:9,398174203308,70907!4:9,398174203308,70
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$$$#$$$$$#$$
30419094.0,:89.43899:03941$033030419094.0,:89.43899:03941$0330
8.,7-432434/098,.4470884/470888.,7-432434/098,.4470884/47088
,3/94.,89,/0389.48094,3/94.,89,/0389.480949,941,798574/:.0/:3/070.088;09,941,798574/:.0/:3/070.088;0
7..42-:8943.43/94387..42-:8943.43/9438
44/42-:894344/42-:8943
:9424-08:9424-08
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%%
1742$03309,5508;07031742$03309,5508;0703
9:7087.9:7087.
3308500/83308500/8
3.70,808831.,390390708.3/07943.70,808831.,390390708.3/0794
.3/07;,7,94383,71:07,94.3/07;,7,94383,71:07,94
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$#%$#%
1472,94384304190573.5,1472,94384304190573.5,
70,.94389053/74.,7-43.42-:894370,.94389053/74.,7-43.42-:8943
20.,382.2,-08:22,70/-20.,382.2,-08:22,70/-###### ####
#/74.,7-437,/.,#/74.,7-437,/.,
14728;,985,99034/0/9414728;,985,99034/0/94
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%%
14728;,985,99,34/0/9414728;,985,99,34/0/94
14728:89,19079050,1,20902507,9:7014728:89,19079050,1,20902507,9:7070,.08,3/57088:7094-,770,.08,3/57088:7094-,7
:730/,808.440//:7305,3843,3/:730/,808.440//:7305,3843,3/
0,:89897400,:8989740$4204190/43494/0/$4204190/43494/0/
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1472,9438439/1472,9438439/
8,574/:.941390720/,9070,.94341/748,574/:.941390720/,9070,.94341/74.,7-43834/,94341/74.,7-43814728:89.,7-43834/,94341/74.,7-43814728:89,19079050,902507,9:70870,.08190708,,19079050,902507,9:70870,.08190708,/01.03.390,;,,-94140384204190/01.03.390,;,,-94140384204190
83494/0/9483494/0/94 84-:730/,808.440//:7305,3843,3/84-:730/,808.440//:7305,3843,3/
0,:898974019.4489442:.83490,:898974019.4489442:.83494/0/9414724/0/941472 0;0318:11.03940380;0318:11.0394038
,;,,-0,;,,-0 190920,;,,-083498:11.03914790190920,;,,-083498:11.03914790
390720/,90574/:.941944/0/903,84390720/,90574/:.941944/0/903,84708:93900,:89708:93900,:89
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97403.4254:3/897403.4254:3/8
,3/,3/ ,70:8:,,3,0/,70:8:,,3,0/82:9,304:8,3/0570880/39014724182:9,304:8,3/0570880/390147241
98902489,-:3/,394198902489,-:3/,3941
,397403/07;,9;085708039390,397403/07;,9;085708039390,92485070,3/97057080398,-4:941,92485070,3/97057080398,-4:941
02884380288438
14728/:73.42-:8943574.0880314728/:73.42-:8943574.08803901,2090258,3/4038,84901,2090258,3/4038,84,;,,-0390.42-430,;,,-0390.42-430
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0.,382411472,943410.,382411472,94341
1472803901,20902507,9:70,3/901472803901,20902507,9:70,3/90
902507,9:704190-:730/,80,;390902507,9:704190-:730/,80,;3901,208;071,208;07
#0,.9439,085,.0039029:708#0,.9439,085,.0039029:708;077.;077.
#0,.9438,3/4..:730,329:708#0,.9438,3/4..:730,329:708
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%%
489419080307,90/390,8080,;390489419080307,90/390,8080,;3901,20,3/3493901,200.05937.29:701,20,3/3493901,200.05937.29:70430430
303308070.42-:89439,085,.0:3/07303308070.42-:89439,085,.0:3/0757088:709070,.9434303901,208;07934157088:709070,.9434303901,208;0793419047/074122,3/8479;0/9047/074122,3/8479;0/
857088:707808/:7390.42-:8943,3/1,20857088:707808/:7390.42-:8943,3/1,20
5745,,94390902507,9:704190-:739,808,705745,,94390902507,9:704190-:739,808,702:.24709,343070,.0/220/,90,1907902:.24709,343070,.0/220/,90,190790.42-:8943.42-:8943
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472,94341472,94341
14720/3901,20430.,3-07,5/14720/3901,20430.,3-07,5/
.43;0790/94.43;0790/94 ;,70,.94388:.,8;,70,.94388:.,8
$:-806:039$:-806:039 .43;0790/.43;0790/
#0,.94383495,.01901,208#0,.94383495,.01901,2086:03.0/23.44071:/6:03.0/23.44071:/
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/74.,7-438/74.,7-438
742900,:893472,949,8,70742900,:893472,949,8,7020,8:70/40;079834930.088,720,8:70/40;079834930.088,7,831.,393/04154:9,390288438,831.,393/04154:9,390288438
3300,:89,808.439,3;,709413300,:89,808.439,3;,709418;07,0-70,/43-.,88418;07,0-70,/43-.,884183,,84300330,7083,,84300330,70
!,7,113840138742,9.8!,7,113840138742,9.8,3/,.09030,3/39072841.,7-43,3/,.09030,3/39072841.,7-433:2-073,/0800330,703:2-073,/0800330,70
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4254:3/4254:3/ /3240/3240
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!$$#%$$!$$#%$$
,6:03.3,6:03.36:03.0/,079.308836:03.0/,079.30883
907,30419422907,30419422
81738173 $479.7.:93$479.7.:93
!447.42-:89436:,9,206:03.3!447.42-:89436:,9,206:03.3
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!447.42-:89436:,9,20!447.42-:89436:,9,20
6:03.36:03.3
,20093.943390-:,83.079,3,20093.943390-:,83.079,3
4507,93.43/9438843041902,4784:7.04507,93.43/9438843041902,4784:7.0
4102884388.3/0757088:701,84102884388.3/0757088:701,8
/:739005897409090254190:3-:730//:739005897409090254190:3-:730/29:70,0,/41901,20/0.70,80819029:70,0,/41901,20/0.70,808190
90251,89447,5/901,202,093:890251,89447,5/901,202,093:8
%8503420343/:73/3,3/94,/%8503420343/:73/3,3/94,/
.43/9438070#8,70129:708.43/9438070#8,70129:708
;070,3,3/8:-89,39,709,7/0/.43/9438;070,3,3/8:-89,39,709,7/0/.43/9438
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70;.020.,382870;.020.,3828
70;.08390.42-:8943.,2-07,8,7070;.08390.42-:8943.,2-07,8,70
82,;4:2093,7740397,3.0807082,;4:2093,7740397,3.08070
1,208:3,-094503097,90843041902,471,208:3,-094503097,90843041902,47
84:7.041028843884:7.041028843870;.070438,70;4:20-09003905894370;.070438,70;4:20-090039058943
,3/90.3/07970,/,74:3/9085,75:,3/90.3/07970,/,74:3/9085,75:
85,.0,74:3/9085,75:00.974/0.70;.0885,.0,74:3/9085,75:00.974/0.70;.08
,74:3/9039,0,3/0,:89;,;00,/8,3/,74:3/9039,0,3/0,:89;,;00,/8,3/
0,/,809.70;.00,/,809.70;.0
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''0330.70;.0/,9,0330.70;.0/,9,4.,94341.70;.084.,94341.70;.08 70,.270,.2 !07.039,0!07.039,0
85;4.3/0785;4.3/07
0,7,3.0;4.3/070,7,3.0;4.3/07
'4,-4;08973'4,-4;08973
'4-048973'4-048973
'4-09003738'4-09003738
'4-03/3/73'4-03/3/73
%49,73.70;.0;4:20%49,73.70;.0;4:20
$5,75:970,/.70;.0$5,75:970,/.70;.0
0,/,809.70;.00,/,809.70;.0
%49,.70;.0;4:20%49,.70;.0;4:20
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0.,3820.,382
8.3/0757088:703.70,808/:738.3/0757088:703.70,808/:73
.42570884389740:3-:730/29:708147.0/.42570884389740:3-:730/29:708147.0/
39490.70;.070438$3.098.70;.08,839490.70;.070438$3.098.70;.08,8
,70$'7,9490,814330,..70;.0,70$'7,9490,814330,..70;.0.448-0,997,381079490,:73.448-0,997,381079490,:73
.42-:89439057088:70390.3/07.42-:89439057088:70390.3/07
.4393:08947802470,3/24709,708:9.4393:08947802470,3/24709,708:9
2470:3-:730/29:701489490.70;.082470:3-:730/29:701489490.70;.08$3.090.70;.08,8;073,7745,88,08$3.090.70;.08,8;073,7745,88,08
1,20.,3349503097,9090701,20.,3349503097,909070
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0.,382.439/0.,382.439/
&3-:730/,8081439490.70;.08:39&3-:730/,8081439490.70;.08:39.3/0757088:7089,79894/0.70,808.3/0757088:7089,79894/0.70,8083.0.70;.0,857088:708079,33.0.70;.0,857088:708079,3
.3/07,857088:70,8148-,.1742.3/07,857088:70,8148-,.17420,..70;.089490.3/07472,0,..70;.089490.3/07472,.3/07,857088:7089,7994/0.70,80.3/07,857088:7089,7994/0.70,80174294/0700.7,3,30,1907174294/0700.7,3,30,1907
%944190949,.3/07%944190949,.3/07.,7083472,97,550/39080.,7083472,97,550/39080.70;.08.70;.08
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-847594341303304-847594341303304
:73.425708843897404,07390:73.425708843897404,07390
.3/07,,-847-1:0;,54:7.3/07,,-847-1:0;,54:7
-8475943.4393:089,1,411,20-8475943.4393:089,1,411,20
5745,,9435745,,943
%8,-847-0/1:0;,54:789,798/0847-3,9%8,-847-0/1:0;,54:789,798/0847-3,9
9003/411,205745,,943,3/.4393:08949003/411,205745,,943,3/.4393:0894
/0847-974:4:905,3843,3/0,:89/0847-974:4:905,3843,3/0,:898974089740
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$:22,7411472,9433$03308$:22,7411472,9433$03308
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0303003030
030307057080398,850.,.,80/:0949894.9,3/98030307057080398,850.,.,80/:0949894.9,3/98.,7.3403.0110.9.,7.3403.0110.9
94:98,8402990/349073/:897,,.9;9089894:98,8402990/349073/:897,,.9;908980892,90/9,9944190-03030390,924850700892,90/9,9944190-03030390,92485070
.4208174290,:9424-0.4208174290,:9424-0 30,;97,11.:5949430,;97,11.:59494aa22 41-03030.,3-014:3/41-03030.,3-014:3/
390,7390,7
085909029,94341982,2:2.43903994-085909029,94341982,2:2.43903994-;4:20,3/,3,;07,0;,:041,74:3/94-09;4:20,3/,3,;07,0;,:041,74:3/94-09
90,742,9.8,.9941472-03030,9900,:89070,890,742,9.8,.9941472-03030,9900,:89070,8904907/74.,7-438,.448,3/0,/,;0340110.9904907/74.,7-438,.448,3/0,/,;0340110.9
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%7005488-084:7.0841-03030%7005488-084:7.0841-03030
02884380288438
:0701:0348808:0701:0348808
:00;,547,94348808:00;,547,94348808
0303017420,:890303017420,:89
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#01:0348808#01:0348808 #01:0348808/0503/4390,2-039902507,9:70,990#01:0348808/0503/4390,2-039902507,9:70,990
920,3/.,3-0/0907230/-90144306:,943920,3/.,3-0/0907230/-90144306:,943
07007000 2,8817,.94341390;,54702990/2,8817,.94341390;,54702990/
070070// 2,8817,.94341390,8430/897-:90/2,8817,.94341390,8430/897-:90/
07007077 2,8817,.943413,84303909,32,8817,.943413,84303909,3
7/0
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;,547,94348808;,547,94348808
;,547,94348808174290.,7-:70947,3/901:09,3.708:9;,547,94348808174290.,7-:70947,3/901:09,3.708:9
174290/885,943410,90390033089:730/411,3/1742174290/885,943410,90390033089:730/411,3/1742
;,7,94383902507,9:70-09003/,,3/3970857,943;,7,94383902507,9:70-09003/,,3/3970857,943
%0144306:,9438,;0-003089,-80/%0144306:,9438,;0-003089,-80/ 330894550/330894550/
09413;,547419009413,843009413;,547419009413,8430
#0857,943#0857,943
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030303900,:89030303900,:89 9,306:,943419014439509,306:,94341901443950
070070
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3,:7450,3;0.01:00/9,8430.439,333,:7450,3;0.01:00/9,8430.439,33-0941-03030,3/-09414907,742,9.8-0941-03030,3/-09414907,742,9.8
9,8-00314:3/9,94190-0303002990/,89,8-00314:3/9,94190-0303002990/,88:7;;0/.42-:8943,3/9,9,8.70,90//:738:7;;0/.42-:8943,3/9,9,8.70,90//:73.42-:894317424907,742,9.840138,3/..45,7,1138.42-:894317424907,742,9.840138,3/..45,7,1138
7 ,80
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!43:.0,7,742,9./74.,7-438!43:.0,7,742,9./74.,7-438
!! !8,70,742,9./74.,7-4389944724700303047!8,70,742,9./74.,7-4389944724700303047
.45039,930738.45039,930738
489!8,7014720/3902507,9:7070,.9438489!8,7014720/3902507,9:7070,.94383;4;357488,3/3.425090.42-:89434147,3.3;4;357488,3/3.425090.42-:89434147,3.
2,99078,3/.,7-43.4254:3/82,99078,3/.,7-43.4254:3/8 !70803.041,742,9..4254:3/831:01,;4:78901472,943!70803.041,742,9..4254:3/831:01,;4:78901472,943
41!41!
0503/34390:7-,34.,9438980892,90/9,9940503/34390:7-,34.,9438980892,90/9,9944190!20,8:70/80307,90/-,:9424-084190!20,8:70/80307,90/-,:9424-08
0800330802992082470!9,3,843003300800330802992082470!9,3,84300330
489!8,7014:3/,-847-0/4390.,7-435,79.08489!8,7014:3/,-847-0/4390.,7-435,79.08574/:.0/-90.42-:8943574/:.0/-90.42-:8943
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,7-4.4254:3/8,7-4.4254:3/8
/0139439080,7047,3./0139439080,7047,3..4254:3/8.439,33.4254:3/8.439,33
.,7-474:58%070,7094.,7-474:58%070,7094.,7-4.4254:3/83,20.,7-4.4254:3/83,20/0/08,3/094308./0/08,3/094308.
,7014:3/3:7-,3,70,8,7014:3/3:7-,3,70,8
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/0/08/0/08
/0/08/0/08 ,70574/:.9841903.425090.42-:8943,70574/:.9841903.425090.42-:894341.,7-43.4254:3/8090744/.4,,8,843041.,7-43.4254:3/8090744/.4,,8,8430/08009./08009.
03.090,7014:3/3,:94249;00,:89803.090,7014:3/3,:94249;00,:898
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98,8414:3/390011:039841,850.,0/98,8414:3/390011:039841,850.,0/.02.,5,3989,9:809,8,839088390720/,90.02.,5,3989,9:809,8,839088390720/,90,3/32,3/0,3/32,3/0 .438:20/574/:.98.438:20/574/:.98
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094308094308 ,70.4254:3/89,9,70,70.4254:3/89,9,70
57,.9.,,-8039174290.42-:894357,.9.,,-8039174290.42-:8943
011:03980850.,30,:89,808011:03980850.,30,:89,808 %07570803.0390,924850708%07570803.0390,924850708
088039,/:094907:80,884;0398088039,/:094907:80,884;0398
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8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
35/54
4397441;0.:,702884384397441;0.:,70288438
:039,088902/08324/1.,9438:039,088902/08324/1.,9438
3304507,93;,7,-0824/1.,94383304507,93;,7,-0824/1.,9438
330/08324/1.,9438330/08324/1.,9438
&8041,1907970,92039/0;.08&8041,1907970,92039/0;.08
:024/1.,943,3/:024/1.,943,3/
&8041,9073,9;01:08&8041,9073,9;01:08
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8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
36/54
39,088902/08324/1.,943839,088902/08324/1.,9438 ',7,94341',7,94341
,3/990;,7,9438417,94,3/990;,7,9438417,94
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8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
37/54
39,088902/08324/1.,943839,088902/08324/1.,9438
439/439/
771:07,9484304190248925479,391:07,9484304190248925479,39
5,7,209078.831.,3931:03.01:05,7,209078.831.,3931:03.01:0
0.4342,3/0,:89,802884380.4342,3/0,:89,80288438
0,30729:70;08407,3/0,30729:70;08407,3/
0288438:39.42-:89436:,9-0.4200288438:39.42-:89436:,9-0.420
5447;039:,281704..:7802884385447;039:,281704..:780288438
7808,75,3/.42-:8943-0.420077,9.7808,75,3/.42-:8943-0.420077,9.
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8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
38/54
39,088902/08324/1.,943839,088902/08324/1.,9438
439/439/
%470/:.0,3/0288438,99039438%470/:.0,3/0288438,99039438706:70/3901443,70,8706:70/3901443,70,8
11.039,942,943411:094038:7057450711.039,942,943411:094038:70574507
239,7239,7
#0/:.943417.3088/:73/0.007,943#0/:.943417.3088/:73/0.007,943,3//3,3//3
!7450729:70897039/:738://03!7450729:70897039/:738://03,..007,943,3//0.007,943,..007,943,3//0.007,943
;; 2574;0/.4/89,79889022574;0/.4/89,7988902
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
39/54
39,088902/08324/1.,943839,088902/08324/1.,9438
439/439/
39,09807024/10/94574;/00,34739,09807024/10/94574;/00,347
894.42097.29:70850.,-0994894.42097.29:70850.,-0994
4,/4,/
/897-:943,82574;0/-,770/897-:943,82574;0/-,770.,7-:709947.,7-:709947
#0.039.9478,70-03705,.0/-!#0.039.9478,70-03705,.0/-!
48900.9743.,.439740/3$890248900.9743.,.439740/3$8902
:094;07897.902884334728248970.039:094;07897.902884334728248970.039
9703/894:80100/-,..439748890289703/894:80100/-,..43974889028
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
40/54
3304507,93;,7,-083304507,93;,7,-08
24/1.,943824/1.,9438 5,79174239,088902/08324/1.,94385,79174239,088902/08324/1.,9438
490790.36:080709,7/0/85,7923490790.36:080709,7/0/85,7923
/029:70,/:8920391,8907/08500/0,3/029:70,/:8920391,8907/08500/0,3
29:704507,94309..,370/:.00,:8929:704507,94309..,370/:.00,:89
02884380288438
#09,7/0/85,7923.,370/:.0#09,7/0/85,7923.,370/:.0 ,80,80
,8028843882:9,304:8,8028843882:9,304:8
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
41/54
330/08324/1.,9438330/08324/1.,9438
330/08324/1.,94388:.330/08324/1.,94388:.
,8.4257088437,94.42-:8943,8.4257088437,94.42-:8943
.,2-07/0830,3-:730330.,2-07/0830,3-:730330,3/.,70897,910/033005,3/.,70897,910/033005
70,9370/:.30,:8970,9370/:.30,:8902884380288438
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
42/54
110.941/083,3/4507,93110.941/083,3/4507,93
;,7,-08430288438;,7,-08430288438
0288438,110.90/-901443;,7,-08
39,0902507,9:7039,0902507,9:70
4257088437,944257088437,94
24:39418:507.,7324:39418:507.,73
771:07,941:07,94
39439233943923
3304,/,3/8500/3304,/,3/8500/
##
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
43/54
110.9419025110.9419025431472,9437,90431472,9437,90
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
44/54
110.941#43472,943110.941#43472,943
4552
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
45/54
,3/.43.0397,94383$03300,:89,81:3.94341
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
46/54
',7,9438419.7,3,30 .48079485,75:
39,.43/9438
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
47/54
,8507.039,0413/0800,:89,81:3.943414,/,3/8500/
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
48/54
',7,94341',7,94341 9#9#
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
49/54
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
50/54
0288438,70,110.90/-901443;,7,-08
3304,/,3/8500/3304,/,3/8500/
$5,7923$5,7923
#./,95041.42-.,2-0709.#./,95041.42-.,2-0709.
,907,.09902507,9:70,907,.09902507,9:70
70;.08,70,70;.08,70,
05489843589430,/$!.3/07,09.05489843589430,/$!.3/07,09.
',;04;07,5',;04;07,5
%50411:0%50411:0 771:07,941:07,94
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
51/54
110.9413943/0,4302884383$03308
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
52/54
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
53/54
-
8/7/2019 Emissions in SI engines
54/54
0288438,110.90/-90
1443;,7,-08
71:07,94
3304,/8500/,3/49074507,93.43/9438
:06:,9