emission spectra emission spectrum of hydrogen 1 nm = 1 x 10 -9 m = “a billionth of a meter” 410...

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Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen 1 nm = 1 x 10 -9 m = “a billionth of a meter” 410 nm 434 nm 486 nm 656 nm

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Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen

1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m = “a billionth of a meter”

410 nm 434 nm 486 nm 656 nm

Emission Spectrum of an Element

1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m = “a billionth of a meter”

410 nm 434 nm 486 nm 656 nm

1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m = “a billionth of a meter”

Continuous and Line Spectra

4000 Ao

5000 6000 7000

light

Na

H

Ca

Hg

400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm

Visiblespectrum

(nm)

Continuous and Line Spectra

4000 Ao

5000 6000 7000

4000 Ao

5000 6000 7000

light

Na

H

Ca

Hg

Flame Emission Spectra

Photographs of flame tests of burning wooden splints soaked in different salts.Photographs of flame tests of burning wooden splints soaked in different salts.

Include link to web page

http://www.unit5.org/christjs/flame%20tests.htm

methane gas wooden splint strontium ioncopper ionsodium ion calcium ion

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

Flame Tests for Certain Metals

BORAX BEAD TESTS FOR CERTAIN METALS(All beads formed in the oxidizing flame)

Fireworks

Fireworks

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

Common chemicals used in the manufacture of fireworks

Ammonium perchlorate aluminum Blue flame: copper carbonate, copper sulfate, or copper oxide

Barium chlorate antimony sulfide Red flame: strontium nitrate or strontium carbonate

Barium nitrate charcoal White flame: magnesium or aluminum

Potassium chlorate magnesium Yellow flame: sodium oxalate or cryolite (Na3AlF6)

Potassium nitrate sulfur Green flame: barium nitrate or barium chlorate

Potassium perchlorate titanium White smoke: potassium nitrate plus sulfur

Strontium nitrate Colored smoke: potassium chlorate and sulfur, plus organic dye

Whistling noise: potassium benzoate or sodium salicylate

White sparks: aluminum, magnesium, or titanium

Gold sparks: iron filings or charcoal

Almost any combination of an oxidizer and a fuel may be used along with the compounds needed to produce a desired special effect.

Oxidizers Fuels (Reductants) Special Effects

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

Composition of Fireworks

• Gunpowder– Sulfur, charcoal, potassium nitrate (saltpeter)

• Salts (to give color)– Red = lithium– Green = copper

Electron Energy Levels

nucelus

1st energy level

2nd energy level

3rd energy level

1999, Addison, Wesley, Longman, Inc.

Energyabsorbed

Energylost