emission norms

EMISSION NORMS

In a significant development in april 1999 supreme court of india ordered the enforcement of

EURO-2 equivalent norms for cars in the NCR from april-1 2000.These hav also been enforced

in the rest of the country from apr.2002 for new cars.For commercial vehicles,EURO-2 have

already enforced in delhi,Mumbai,Kolkata&cheenai,while in other metros had introduced from

apr.1 2003.For all types of 4 wheelerEURO-3&4 norms shall come into force with from apr.1

2005&2010 resp.

475 IDI 02-engine is designed as per EURO 2 norms the is so designed that it could meet the

demand of all national&international standard of pollution there by helping our nation to step

towards pollution free environment

[Type text]B.TECH MECH. ENGG

AUTOMOBILE SHOP EQUIPEMENT

A good automobile shop have equipment to undertake all types of fault finding jobs.The

following is the list of equipments which are must in automobile shop:

1.screw drivers

2.pliers

3.hammers

4.chisels

5.files

6.hacksaw

7.cleaning tools

8.tool for tubes

9.reamers

10.grinder

11beanch vice

12.soldering tools.

13.creeper

14.lubricating equipments.

15.elec. equipements.

16.hydraulic lift

17.tools for tyres.

18.tyre remover


19.engine analyiser.

20.ring remover.

21.ring filling tube.

22.valve refracing m/c

23.center lathe

24.air compressor

25 pressure guage

26 elec. Welding set

27 cylinder reboring m/c

28.cylinder honing m/c

29.valve refacing m/c

30.spark plug cleaning and cleaning m/c


TATA ENGG.&LOCOMOTIVE CO.LTD.

1.CARS

2.chessis specification

3.INDICA

4.transmission

4/5 forward speed manual

Gear ratio: 3.42,1.95,1.36,0.95&0.77,reverse:3.58

Suspention

Front: independent, wishbone type

Rear: independent, semi traling arm

Streeing

Rack&pinion on DLX

Turning circle dia. ; 9.8

Turn lock to lock ; 4.27,3.32

Wheels &tires

WHEEL ; pressed steel disk

Tyres ; 155/80R 13Radials

Dimensions

Wheel base ; 2400mm

Front track ; 1380mm


Rear track ; 170mm

SAFARI

1.FRAME

Long member size depth 110 width 60 thick 3.15

No. of cross members ; 8

2.CLUTCH

Single plate dry friction type

Outside dia. ; 228mm

3.TRANSMISSON

Gear ratio ; 1st :3.87 2nd :2.36 3rd :1.37 4th :1 5th :0.82 reverse:3.4

4.SUSPENTION

Front ; double wish bone type

Bar

Rear ; coil spring 5 link suspention

5.STREERING

Streering ratio ; 18.2:1

6.BRAKES

Service ; VACCUM assisted independent hydraulic brake on

front &rear through master cylinder

7.WHEELS&TYRES

Wheel 6.0JX15 Tyres ; 237/75R


CHASIS SYSTEM

Automobile chasis is mounted on the axles ,not direct but through some forms of springs this is

done to isolate the vehicle body from road shocks which may in the form of pitch bounce roll or

sway .All the parts which perform the function of isolating the vehicle body for road shocks are

called suspention system.Brodly speaking suspention system consists of aspring &a damper.The

energy of road shocks cause the sprig to isolate.These isolations are resrricted by shockers.

OBJECTS OF SUSPENTIONS

To prevent road shocks from being transmitted to vehicle components

To safe guard the occupants fronm road shock

To preserve stability of vehiclein motion

BESIC CONSIDERSATIONS

VEHICLE LOADING: when the road vehicle comes across a bump it is subjected to vertical

force deped upon the neture of the road. The mode of spring resistance depend upon the type of

material of the spring used.

ROLLING: The c.g of vehicle is above the ground due to this reason while taking a turn the

centrifugal force acts outward of the vehicle . This gives rise to a couple turning the wheel about

the longitudinal axis

Break dip : on braking the noise of the wheel has a tendency to dip

This depend upon the c.g of the vehicle these forces on account of braking are carried directly

by deflecting the spring by radius rods.


TRANSMISSON :

It is introduced as the whole of mechanism that transmits the power from engine crank shaft to

rear wheel. Howeverit is also used very commonly in literature for the mechanism which

provides suitable variation of engine torque at the rod wheel when reqd.

FUNCTIONS OF TRANSMISSION

1)The torque effort producerd by engine varies with speed only narrow limits.But practical

concridations for the running of automobile under different cond. Demand a large variations of

torque available at wheel.

2. It provides a neuteral positions so that engine &road wheel are disconnected even with clutch

in engaged position.

3. Ameans to back the car by reversing the directions of rotations of drive is provided by

transmissions.

NECESSITY

1.VARATIONS OF RESISTENCE TO VEHICLE MOTION AT VARIOUS SPEED.

2.VARATIONS OF TRACTIVE EFFECT IF THE VEHICLE AT VARIOUS SPEED.


SYNCROMESH GEAR BOX

This type is similer to constant mesh type in that all gear on the main shaft are in constant mesh

with gears on lay shaft .Its working is similar to constant mesh type .This is provision of

synchromesh device which avid necessity of double declutch.The parts which are to be engaged

are fist brought into contact whih equalize their speed.

This fig. shows const. of a synchomesh gear box .In most of cars synchromesh device are not

fitted ta all gear. They are fitted on high gear &low&reverse gear .This is done to reduce the

gear.The fig 2 shows is the engine shaft. Thus all the gears on the main shaft continue to rotate


IGNITION COIL:

It operates all conventional principal of secondary voltage generated by induction however

primary current is trigged by an electronic cct. on ECM which also maintain constant dwell time

the engine operating condition ]

It is located above the thermostat housing to hav shortest possible length for HTC. to connect

spark plug.


FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM:

The function of this is to inject proper quantity of fuel into engine cylinder at correct time in the

solid injection system only liquid fuel is injected &reqd. air compressor for suppling air at 7 mp

TWO TYPES OF INJECTION SYSTEM ARE USED :

1.common rail fuel

2.individual pump fuel

FUEL INJECTOR:

An ECU controlled solenoid operated injector on dicor which injects the fuel as &when reqd

Always check level on injector for its identiy.


emission norms

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