Emerging technologies: e-booksEmerging technologies: e-books

Wayne State UniversityWayne State University

Jill CalkinsJill CalkinsSarah LaFramboiseSarah LaFramboiseKathleen SamulskiKathleen Samulski

E-book Table of ContentsE-book Table of Contents

DefinitionDefinition

HistoryHistory

TypesTypes

E-book ReadersE-book Readers

Modes of ViewingModes of Viewing

AdvantagesAdvantages

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

ResearchResearch

ImpactImpact

Classroom UsesClassroom Uses

LinksLinks

Future ofFuture of

SummarySummary

ReferencesReferences

Definition of E-books Definition of E-books (Wikipedia)(Wikipedia)

An e-book is sometimes called an An e-book is sometimes called an electronic book.electronic book.

An e-book is the electronic or digital An e-book is the electronic or digital equivalent to a conventional printed book.equivalent to a conventional printed book.

The hardware device used to read books The hardware device used to read books in digital format is called an e-book reader. in digital format is called an e-book reader.

History of E-History of E-booksbooks

E-books began being published E-books began being published Internet-only beginning in the mid-1990’sInternet-only beginning in the mid-1990’sAccording to Boss (2005):According to Boss (2005):

Random House, Inc. began selling e-books in 1998. Random House, Inc. began selling e-books in 1998. Random House, Inc., HarperCollins, Adobe Acrobat E-book Random House, Inc., HarperCollins, Adobe Acrobat E-book Reader, Simon & Schuster, Microsoft Reader, Palm Digital Reader, Simon & Schuster, Microsoft Reader, Palm Digital Media, and McGraw-Hill Professional eBook all saw an Media, and McGraw-Hill Professional eBook all saw an increase in sales between 2001 and 2002. increase in sales between 2001 and 2002. E-book sales have not reached what publishers predicted E-book sales have not reached what publishers predicted they would.they would.

Boss (2005) indicates the reasons for lack of sales asBoss (2005) indicates the reasons for lack of sales asLack of commitment by distributors and retailersLack of commitment by distributors and retailersUnwillingness of publishers to experiment with pricingUnwillingness of publishers to experiment with pricingMost widely cited reason is lack of good readers.Most widely cited reason is lack of good readers.

Types of E-booksTypes of E-books

DownloadableDownloadable– Available on the internetAvailable on the internet– No special reading device neededNo special reading device needed

DedicatedDedicated– Downloaded to a hardware deviceDownloaded to a hardware device

Print-on-demandPrint-on-demand– Contents are storedContents are stored– Bound copies are produced on demand using a high quality printerBound copies are produced on demand using a high quality printer

Web-accessibleWeb-accessible– Published on a Web sitePublished on a Web site– Accessed for a feeAccessed for a fee– May purchase the booksMay purchase the books

OpenOpen– XML based that allows text on any readerXML based that allows text on any reader– Devices may be PC’s, notebooks, and palmtopsDevices may be PC’s, notebooks, and palmtops

Types of E-books, continued…Types of E-books, continued…Free or Public domainFree or Public domain– Digital copies in public domainDigital copies in public domain– Free downloading, printing & Free downloading, printing &

circulationcirculationPsuedobooksPsuedobooks– Titles bought by librariesTitles bought by libraries– Loaned out to usersLoaned out to users– Users can download to PC’sUsers can download to PC’s

InstabooksInstabooks– Books printed on demandBooks printed on demand– Scanned pages are digitally Scanned pages are digitally

storedstoredNot quite a bookNot quite a book– Text that is not suitable to Text that is not suitable to

publishpublish– Converted to PDFConverted to PDF– E-published & e-distributedE-published & e-distributed

E-vanityE-vanity– Published by individualsPublished by individuals– On the WebOn the Web

E-books before the WebE-books before the Web– Books on CD-ROM or diskBooks on CD-ROM or disk

Extended booksExtended books– Published on CD-ROM or WebPublished on CD-ROM or Web– Searchable text through Searchable text through

hypertext, multimedia and hypertext, multimedia and interactive elementsinteractive elements

E-book Readers-E-book Readers-HardwareHardware

Rao (2003) names the following:Rao (2003) names the following:Franklin eBookmanFranklin eBookman– Combines functions of a reading device, PDA & digital music playerCombines functions of a reading device, PDA & digital music player

Palm PDAsPalm PDAsHP JornadaHP Jornada– Easier to read with Microsoft Reader’s ClearTypeEasier to read with Microsoft Reader’s ClearType– MP3 Player, organizer, gamesMP3 Player, organizer, games

RCA REB1100 (successor to Rocket eBook) 20 NovelsRCA REB1100 (successor to Rocket eBook) 20 Novels– Backlit screenBacklit screen– Variable font sizeVariable font size– Built in Webster’s DictionaryBuilt in Webster’s Dictionary

RCA REB1200 (successor to SoftBook Reader)RCA REB1200 (successor to SoftBook Reader)– 5000-50,000 pages5000-50,000 pages– Backlit screenBacklit screen– Variable font sizeVariable font size

E-book Readers-SoftwareE-book Readers-SoftwareRao (2003) lists the following:Rao (2003) lists the following:

Adobe AcrobatAdobe AcrobatMicrosoft ReaderMicrosoft ReaderGlassbook ReaderGlassbook ReaderDocAbleDocAbleHTML CompilersHTML CompilersRocket LibrarianRocket LibrarianMicrosoft WordMicrosoft WordPalm PilotPalm Pilot

Wikipedia names this software:Plucker

– is a free e-book reader application

– It has its own associated file format and software to automatically generate plucker files from HTML files, web sites or RSS feeds.

E-Reader (formerly Palm Digital Media)

– published as a .pdb is a program

– Used for viewing Palm Digital Media electronic books.

Mobipocket– published as a .prc – This reader has a home page

library.

Modes to Display E-booksModes to Display E-books

View on PCView on PCDisplay on laptop or note-bookDisplay on laptop or note-bookDisplay via electronic whiteboardDisplay via electronic whiteboardDisplay via projectorDisplay via projectorDownload to PDA, pocket PC, Download to PDA, pocket PC, reader or other handheld devicereader or other handheld devicePrint and read in hard copy formPrint and read in hard copy form

Features of E-booksFeatures of E-books

Audio: books are read aloud to the readerAudio: books are read aloud to the readerInterface: readers can highlight and take notes Interface: readers can highlight and take notes on the screen on the screen Adjustable fonts: readers can read in preferred Adjustable fonts: readers can read in preferred font and sizefont and sizeMultimedia capabilityMultimedia capabilityLow light readingLow light readingPortablePortableNumerous books contained in a small systemNumerous books contained in a small system

These may differ based on the e-book reader softwareThese may differ based on the e-book reader software

Advantages of E-books (Rao, 2003)Advantages of E-books (Rao, 2003)Rao (2003) lists the following advantages:Rao (2003) lists the following advantages:

Immediate distribution potentialImmediate distribution potentialCost efficientCost efficient– No paper, ink, binding, wrapping, postage, or transportNo paper, ink, binding, wrapping, postage, or transport

Hardware capabilitiesHardware capabilities– One e-book reader can hold many e-booksOne e-book reader can hold many e-books– There is potential for an e-book reader to contain entire librariesThere is potential for an e-book reader to contain entire libraries

Always in stockAlways in stockEnvironmentally friendly—not one tree is cut down Environmentally friendly—not one tree is cut down Virtual libraries will be an asset to less developed countriesVirtual libraries will be an asset to less developed countries– Poor countries cannot afford books and have limited library accessPoor countries cannot afford books and have limited library access

Raise national literacyRaise national literacy– An online national library can offer free literature downloadsAn online national library can offer free literature downloads

Benefits to authorsBenefits to authors– Increased reading of their materialsIncreased reading of their materials– Controlling the rightsControlling the rights– Financial rewardsFinancial rewards

Advantages, continued…Advantages, continued…Benefits to publishersBenefits to publishers– Economical productionEconomical production– Removes the “out of print” issueRemoves the “out of print” issue– Easy circulationEasy circulation

Benefits to customersBenefits to customers– E-book featuresE-book features– PortabilityPortability– Access to out of print booksAccess to out of print books– Up to date referencesUp to date references

Benefits to librariesBenefits to libraries– Immediate access to new booksImmediate access to new books– Cost efficiencyCost efficiency– Shelf space is savedShelf space is saved– Books are no longer lost or damagedBooks are no longer lost or damaged

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

According to Rao (2003) the following are According to Rao (2003) the following are disadvantages of e-books:disadvantages of e-books:

Fragile hardwareFragile hardwareScreen resolutionScreen resolution– Lower quality than printed booksLower quality than printed books– Difficult when engaging in extended readingDifficult when engaging in extended reading

Limited title availability at this timeLimited title availability at this timeExpense of high quality readersExpense of high quality readersLack of compatibility in e-books and e-book readersLack of compatibility in e-books and e-book readersLicensing, printing, and rights issuesLicensing, printing, and rights issuesLack of bibliographic informationLack of bibliographic information

ResearchResearch

Clyde (2005) concludes:Clyde (2005) concludes:Some studies indicate increased reading Some studies indicate increased reading comprehension reading electronic format comprehension reading electronic format versus printversus printStudents may take increased time to readStudents may take increased time to readReading e-books in soft copy form may be Reading e-books in soft copy form may be a learnable skilla learnable skill– Once learned, increased fluency and speed Once learned, increased fluency and speed

will followwill follow

Impact of E-booksImpact of E-books

Anyone can create booksAnyone can create books– Can distribute over the InternetCan distribute over the Internet– No distribution and printing costNo distribution and printing cost

Library circulation modificationsLibrary circulation modifications– Complications linked to checking out e-book readersComplications linked to checking out e-book readers

E-books have their own bestseller lists: E-books have their own bestseller lists: http://www.idpf.org/bestseller/bestsellers.htm

E-books have two annual awards:E-books have two annual awards:– EPPIE Award: EPPIE Award: http://www.epicauthors.com/eppies.html

– Dream Realm Award: Dream Realm Award: http://www.dream-realm-awards.net/2006.html

Classroom UsesClassroom Uses

Students create and share their Students create and share their own e-books via PC, notebooks or handheldsown e-books via PC, notebooks or handhelds

Display picture books while students and teachers Display picture books while students and teachers interact with them via electronic white boardsinteract with them via electronic white boardsStudents research and collaborate their findings Students research and collaborate their findings using handhelds, notebooks, or PCsusing handhelds, notebooks, or PCsClass novel study using handheldsClass novel study using handheldsStudents download several books by one author to Students download several books by one author to PDAs for an author study PDAs for an author study Teach early decoding skills using interactive talking Teach early decoding skills using interactive talking booksbooks

Classroom Uses, Classroom Uses, continued…continued…

Personalize e-book fonts to meet individual Personalize e-book fonts to meet individual learning needslearning needsStudent interface with e-book textbooks to Student interface with e-book textbooks to identify key pointsidentify key pointsStudents personalize their spelling lists by Students personalize their spelling lists by highlighting challenging words in their readinghighlighting challenging words in their readingUse e-books to identify parts of speech and Use e-books to identify parts of speech and literary devicesliterary devicesAccessing an e-library from the classroomAccessing an e-library from the classroomParents and students easily share copiesParents and students easily share copiesLighten students load with e-books vs. textLighten students load with e-books vs. text

Links to E-booksLinks to E-books

http://www.ebookmall.com/Microsoft Reader e-booksMicrosoft Reader e-books

Palm Reader e-booksPalm Reader e-books

Adobe Reader e-booksAdobe Reader e-books

Mobi pocket e-booksMobi pocket e-books

E-book club-join for $19.95E-book club-join for $19.95

Popular e-booksPopular e-books

Categories, formats, bestsellersCategories, formats, bestsellers

http://www.knowbetter.comSoftware, hardware and content reviewsSoftware, hardware and content reviewsE-book directoryE-book directoryReading listsReading listsPublisher listsPublisher listsNews and commentaryNews and commentary

http://learninginhand.com/lessonplans.html

Lesson plans created by a graduate class Lesson plans created by a graduate class for grades 1-12 using e-booksfor grades 1-12 using e-books

https://www.pdaonline.org/BTDLessons/

580 lesson plans from a consortium of 580 lesson plans from a consortium of educators educators

Links to E-books, continued…Links to E-books, continued…

http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.auLibrary collection of web booksLibrary collection of web booksClassic works of LiteratureClassic works of LiteraturePhilosophy, science and historyPhilosophy, science and history

http://www.teachingebooks.comE-books for teachers K-12E-books for teachers K-12Reproducibles and worksheetsReproducibles and worksheetsCan be downloaded immediately after orderingCan be downloaded immediately after ordering

http://www.childrenslibrary.orgInternational Children’s Digital libraryInternational Children’s Digital libraryRead books online for freeRead books online for freePuzzles, games, stories and contests about the booksPuzzles, games, stories and contests about the books

Links to E-books, continued…Links to E-books, continued…More free e-book websites:More free e-book websites:

http://fax.libs.uga.edu/http://epalm.org/modules/news/index.php?sel_lang=englishhttp://www.floodle.net/extra/ebayinfo/http://www.pocketpcbooks.net/http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Pagehttp://www.econlib.org/http://ebooks4all.tk/http://manybooks.net/http://www.asiaing.com/

Free readers:Free readers:http://www.tx2ph.com/http://www.newtonslibrary.org/nbrdr/

The Future of E-booksThe Future of E-books

Will e-books replace print text books?Will e-books replace print text books?Will e-books eventually replace all print Will e-books eventually replace all print books?books?Will all libraries be transformed to e-Will all libraries be transformed to e-libraries?libraries?Will traditional bookstores be driven out of Will traditional bookstores be driven out of business?business?Will society widely accept e-books as an Will society widely accept e-books as an acceptable alternative to print books?acceptable alternative to print books?

The Future of E-The Future of E-books, continued…books, continued…

The divide between e-books and print The divide between e-books and print books appears to be diminishingbooks appears to be diminishingFree e-book libraries such as Project Free e-book libraries such as Project Gutenberg growing (Boss, 2004)Gutenberg growing (Boss, 2004)There are still questions whether this There are still questions whether this emerging literacy will continue to emerge.emerging literacy will continue to emerge.The potential for e-books is limitlessThe potential for e-books is limitless

The Future of E-books, The Future of E-books, continued…continued…

E-books will become more widespread when:E-books will become more widespread when:According to Eisenbraun (n.d.) According to Eisenbraun (n.d.) – Standard format for e-books results in decreased cost for producers Standard format for e-books results in decreased cost for producers

and decreased confusion for consumersand decreased confusion for consumers– Secure open system to protects publisher copyright and investmentSecure open system to protects publisher copyright and investment– Consumers have more rights Consumers have more rights – Cost e-books dropCost e-books drop

Cost IssuesCost IssuesAccording to Boss (2004)According to Boss (2004)– E-book prices the same as available print versionsE-book prices the same as available print versions– Libraries offer titles for freeLibraries offer titles for free– Piracy causes inflated prices and restricted rightsPiracy causes inflated prices and restricted rights– Digital Rights Management (DRM) gives publishers control over Digital Rights Management (DRM) gives publishers control over

what they do with e-books such as the number of copies that can be what they do with e-books such as the number of copies that can be createdcreated

SummarySummaryE-books are electronic equivalents to paperbound books which use E-books are electronic equivalents to paperbound books which use hardware and software readers to display books in digital formathardware and software readers to display books in digital formatThere are numerous types of e-books which require one of many There are numerous types of e-books which require one of many available hardware or software readersavailable hardware or software readersE-books offer many features and have many modes of viewingE-books offer many features and have many modes of viewingThere are advantages as well as disadvantages to using e-booksThere are advantages as well as disadvantages to using e-booksResearch shows that reading comprehension is increased as well Research shows that reading comprehension is increased as well as reading time, fluency and speedas reading time, fluency and speedE-books are easy to distribute, anyone can create them and libraries E-books are easy to distribute, anyone can create them and libraries can make circulation modificationscan make circulation modificationsThere are countless uses for e-books in the classroomThere are countless uses for e-books in the classroom

The future of e-books will depend on:The future of e-books will depend on:A standard format for all e-booksA standard format for all e-booksA secure open systemA secure open systemConsumer rightsConsumer rightsCost compared to paper bound booksCost compared to paper bound books

ReferencesReferences

Bogaty, Nick . (2002). Bogaty, Nick . (2002). eBooks by the Numbers: Open eBook Forum eBooks by the Numbers: Open eBook Forum Compiles Industry Growth Stats. Compiles Industry Growth Stats. Retrieved November 7, Retrieved November 7,

2006, 2006, from http://www.openebook.org. from http://www.openebook.org. Boss, Richard W. ( 2004). Boss, Richard W. ( 2004). E-Book; An Uncertain Future.E-Book; An Uncertain Future. Retrieved Retrieved

November 7, 2006, from http://www.ala.org.November 7, 2006, from http://www.ala.org.Clyde, Laurel A. (2005). Electronic books. Clyde, Laurel A. (2005). Electronic books. Teacher Librarian, 32,Teacher Librarian, 32, 45- 45-

47.47.E-books. (2006, November 17). In E-books. (2006, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Wikipedia, The Free EncyclopediaEncyclopedia. Retrieved November 17, 2006, from . Retrieved November 17, 2006, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/e-book http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/e-book Eisenbruan, Michael. (n.d). Eisenbruan, Michael. (n.d). Is There a Future in E-books?Is There a Future in E-books? Retrieved November 7, 2006, from Retrieved November 7, 2006, from http://www.public.iastate.edu/~meisenbr/portfolio/literary_ebookhttp://www.public.iastate.edu/~meisenbr/portfolio/literary_ebooks.pdf s.pdf Rao, Siriginidi Subba. (2003). Electronic books: a review and Rao, Siriginidi Subba. (2003). Electronic books: a review and evaluation. evaluation. Library Hi Tech 21(1),Library Hi Tech 21(1), 85-93. 85-93.

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