emerging hydropower technologies - tony p tung

8/13/2019 Emerging Hydropower Technologies - Tony P Tung

1/18

EmergingHydropowerTechnologies

By

TonyP.Tung,HydraulicEnergyConsultant

FormerManager,HydroEnergyTechnologyGroup

CanmetENERGY ,Natural

Resources

Canada


2/18

PresentationTopics

Introduction

ExistingSmallHydroPlantsRefurbishmentandupgrading

ery ow ea ur ne o owerc v wor s

Fishfriendly,

variable

speed

low

head

hydro

turbine

and

generator

systems

DevelopmentofanAxialFlow,LowHead,FishFriendly,PitTurbine

ExitStayApparatus(ESA)

Hydrokineticenergy

from

river/ocean

current

Microhydroandcontrolsystemsforstandaloneandnetmetering

ModularAutomaticControl,Governing,ProtectionSystems

,

EstablishmentofanIndependentTurbineTestingLaboratory

NorthAmericaandInternationalCooperationonSmallHydro


3/18

IntroductionCanadahasabundantresourcesonsmallandlowimpacthydro:

20,000MWoflowheadhydro(


4/18

ExistingSmallHydroPlantsRefurbishmentandupgrading

Better Approach:

Experienced and specialized engineering firms

work together with small hydro turbine equipment

manufacturers, after careful examination and evaluation

of the existing plants, they will recommend cost savingways to re-build or replace the turbine runners and

.

replacement with new different types of

turbine/equipment which will lead to major civil work

and cost are too high.

Example is the Energy Ottawa project :

Replacing double Francis Camel-Back Turbines

ap ng nnova ve approac es y us nga 20% increase in output

Generator Rewinding

U raded Electrical E ui ment


5/18

Verylowhead(VLH)turbinetolowercivilworks

Goals Todevelopaninnovativeverylowheadturbine

systemtosignificantlyreducethecivilcosts

Complexity and

extend of civil

works for

development(conventionally4050%ofthetotal

costs)

Headrange:1.42.8m,Flowrange:1030m3/s,

different

configurations forsame head and

flow

Rationales Verylowheadrequireshighflowswithhighcivil

costs

Turbinemanufacturersalwaysgiveprioritytothe

reductionofequipmentsizeandcosts,butpay

lessattentiontocivilworkscosts

Exploitingverylowheadsistechnicallyfeasible

ut

unpro ta e

w t

ava a e

tec no og es

Mainpartners MJ2TechnologiesSARL,France

Very low head

turbine being tested

at Laval universit .,

LavalUniversity,Canada


6/18

Verylowhead(VLH)turbinetolowercivilworks(Cont.)www.vlhturbine.com

ur neconcept eatures

Utilizationoflargerrunnerstopracticallyeliminatethe

expensivecivilstructuresofthetraditionalconcept

Turbineshapeisaflatrectangularbox,easytoinstallfor

Runner

diameter

is

large

enough

to

have

very

low

speed

atrunnerexit,allowingtheeliminationofthedrafttube

Turbineiseasilyaccessibleformaintenance

The unit is fishfriendl because of low velocit flow

throughtherunner

Turbineisfullysubmersible

Permanent

variable

speed

generator

integrated

into

turbinehub

Status(nearcommercialstage) ModelturbinemanufacturedandtestedatLavalUniversitys

Lab.Quebec,Canada

Testresultsshowthatperformanceclosetodesign

expectation

Biologicaldesigncriteriaintegratedintoprototypedesign

1stprototypeturbine(2.4mhead350kW 4,000mm)

installedinMillau,France,inearly2007

Several units have been manufactured. Two ro ects bein

plannedfordemonstrationsinCanada

ThreedevelopersinUSAontheMississippiRiverwithLocksand

Damshave

plans

for

large

numbers

of

VLH

installation

(total

440)


7/18

Fishfriendly,variablespeedlowheadhydroturbineand

generatorsystems

Goals Developmentoflowcost,efficient,and

fishfriendl turbineand eneratorsystems;Demonstration.

Rationales Waterlevel&flowvariationsaffectthe

efficiencyoftheturbineoperation

Conventionalpropellerturbinenotwell

adaptedto

variations;

Double

regulated

Fish friendly turbine casing

with spiral ramp in red

Fishinjury/mortalityinturbinepassage

Projectpartners

ap

au

ec no og es

nc.,

ana a SwiderskiEngineeringInc.,Canada

UniversityofNewBrunswick,Canada

ava n vers y, ana aCFD Simulation


8/18

Fishfriendly,variablespeedlowheadhydroturbineand

enerators stems

Cont.

TurbineGeneratorconcepts

Turbineconcept(LShapedVanelessTurbine)

Specialturbinecasingwithspiralramp,nostayvanes

runnerbladespreventingfishinjury/mortalitycausedbymechanicalandcavitation

effects CFDsimulation(shearandpressurechange)andlabteststodesignafishfriendly

turbinethatwillreducedrasticallyfishmortalityandinjurywhilekeephighturbine

efficienc

Generatorconcept

Permanentmagnettechnologywithhighnumbersofpoles,turbine/generatorwill

beoperatingatvariablespeedoperationstoimprovesystemefficiency

Generatedpower

at

variable

frequency

to

be

converted

through

power

converters

to

shear stress zone (S.E.)

Benefitsofthesystem Increasedpowergeneration:turbineoperatingatvariablespeedoverawide

operatingrangewithhighefficienciesandhighturndownratio

Status ThenewdesignisbasedonRapidEauspatentedLtypeturbinethatwasused

onanumberofsmallhydrositesinCanadaandabroad

CFD Simulation: critical

pressure change zone (S.E.)

Finaldesignandmodelturbinetestingcompleted.Demonstrationprojects

planned


9/18

DevelopmentofanAxialFlowLowHeadFishFriendlyPitTurbine

Developedastructurallysimplenonregulatedaxialflowfish

friendlylowheadturbinesystemforsmalllowheadhydro

applicationswithheadlessthan5.0m

Rationales Ongoingresearchonfishfriendlyturbine,suchasdeveloped

byARL/NRECteam,generallytargetedahigherheadrange.

Thisprojectfocusonlowhead(


10/18

Exitstayapparatus(ESA)

Goal

ToimprovetheFrancisturbineefficiencyatpartloadwithno

significantalterationofefficiencyatnominalload

equipment

life

expectancyRationale

Francisturbines,duetothederegulatedmarket,oftenoperateunder

offdesignconditionsdependingonmarketenergydemandandprice

Francishydraulicturbines,experiencevortexropesformationat

partialloads

tube (picture from WEB)

, ,

lossofefficiency

Operationunderoffpeakconditionhassignificantdetrimentaleffects

onturbinesbecauseofexposuretopressurepulsationanddynamic

,

Mainpartners

A.Gokhman,Ph.D,Consultant,Inventor,USA

Norcan H draulic Turbines Inc. Canada A Francis turbine model at Laval

HydraulicMachineryLaboratoryatLavalUniversity,CanadaUniversitys Hydraulic

Machinery Laboratory (LAMH)


11/18

Exitstayapparatus(ESA)(Cont.)

Technolo icalas ects

ESAisadevicethatcomprisesastaycrownandexitstayvanesthat

areputimmediatelybehindtheconventionalFrancisrunnerexit

ESAistoeliminatethecentralvortexrope,increasetheenergy

efficiencyatoffpeakloads,reducethepressurepulsation/instability,

andachievereliableoperation

ESAcan

be

incorporated

into

newly

manufactured

Francis

turbines,

or

beretrofittedintoexistingFrancisturbinesifdrafttubeconesarenot

embedded

Benefitsofthesystem

Asubstantialincreaseinefficiencyatpartloads.Atnominalhead,

about5%

at

50%

load,

and

2%

at

70%

load

offtheoptimumresultinginmorestableoperatingconditionsand

longerlifeexpectancyfortheequipmentandpowerplant

Status

u u .

CompletedtestsatLavalUniversity:Efficiencies;Pressurepulsation;

Cavitation;with/withoutESAhavebeenreported

NewDevelopment by Inventor Dr.AlexGokhman

HydraulicBulbTurbinewithMixedflowPropellerRunner(US

PatentApplication,

No.

12/386,011,

04/30/2009).

It

includes

ESA

at

runnerexit


12/18

Hydrokineticenergyfromriver/oceancurrent

Todevelop/commercializeverticalaxisDarrieuswater

currentturbinestousethevastzeroheadriverand

oceanenergypotential

Todemonstratethepowergenerationcapabilityfromthe

watercurrent

turbine

in

various

configuration

and

applications

Projectscope

Developmentofthe5kWand25kWVAHTsystems

Demonstrationinvariousconfigurations(250KW)

Industrial

outflow

wastewater

treatment

Irrigationcanal

Riversystems

Offgridapplication

2configurationsDuctedandnonducted

Watervelocity1to4m/s

Expectedefficiencyupto40to45%

Slowlyrotatingturbinebladesarefishfriendly

5kW prototype installed at BonnybrookWastewater Treatment Plant, Calgary


13/18

Hydrokineticenergyfromriver/oceancurrent(Cont.)

NewEnergyCorporation(NECI)uniqueprojects

Electricityfroma5kWEnCurrentPower

GenerationSystemstartedtoflowintothemicro

gr n u y as aon ugust , . s

representsthe

first

hydrokinetic

implementation

in

Alaska

.

$0.98/kWh

Installationof25kWEnCurrentPowerGeneration

System

The25kWSystemwasmountedinthepontoon

boatusingacradleandpivotarmstoassistin

deploymentandanchoringofthesystem.

Partnerswith

Manitoba

Hydro

and

Univ.

of

Manitoba producinggridconnectedelectricity

StandardproductfromNewEnergyforthe5,10

http://www.newenergycorp.ca/


14/18

Microhydroandcontrolsystemsforstandaloneandnetmetering

T omsonan

Howe

Energy

Systems:

PembertonBCProjectseconddirectACnetmetering

systemtiedintoB.C.Hydro.CommissionedonMarch

, .

Nethead

is

131

meters.

Designoutputis50KW.

.

manuallyadjustablespearvalve.

Product"HM"TurbineControllerforautomaticstart

u afterutilit outa e.

DistrictofNorthVancouverOperationonMarch24,2010.

ThisisthefirstdirectACnetmeteringsystemtobe

intertiedtoB.C.Hydro.

ThisPump

as

turbine

is

in

series

with

apressure

reducingvalveforthecitywatersystem.

Theturbineinletpressureis195psi.

Theturbineoutletpressureis140psi.

Thegenerator

output

is

23

kW

using

80

lps.


15/18

ModularAutomaticControl,Governing,ProtectionSystems

.

PowerPACIIisacomprehensivecontrollerforthe

automation,governingandprotectionofsmall

h dro eneratorsu to50MW.

Small

Hydro

projects: ABBAbitibiConsolidated:retrofitofmultistations

isongoing.Averageunitsizeis1.8Mw,stations

PowerPAC II

varyfrom2to10units.Scopeofsupplyisunit

controls,protection,hydraulics,governorand

operatortraining

ogas ro ec s:

Nowhavesevensystemsundercontractofwhichthree

aresubstantiallycompleted.Scopeofsupplyincludes

anaerobicdigester,digestersupportbuilding,

Powerbase's Hydraulic

Power Unit, (HPU)

containerizedheat

and

power

system

(typically

each

has

a250Kwcapacity),optimizedheatexchangersystem.

AnewinnovationforthisindustryisthatPowerbaseis

nowofferingaBOOmodelforfarmers.Powerbasewill

build,ownandoperatefacilitywhileprovidingthe

farmerwithsomeincomefortheuseofhismanure.Anaerobic Digester


16/18

Site Assessment, Design and Software Tools

1. Development methodologies for site assessment and design, and

Software Tools: RETScreen International : Clean Ener Pro ect Anal sis Software includes small

hydro). More than 200,000. users from 222 countries

http://www.retscreen.net/

IMP - Hydrological forecasting for ungauged hydro sites

y ro e p - Pre-feasibility, costing and site optimization

More than 1000 registered users

Website: www.hydrohelp.ca

2. Recent Reports by CanmetENERGY:

Report 1) "Low Head Hydro Market Assessment" by Hatch Energy, 2008

http://canmetenergy-canmetenergie.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/eng/renewables/publications.html?H327842.201.01

Report 2) "Emerging Hydropower Technologies R&D in Canada- A Strategy for 2007-

2011" by CanmetENERGY NRCan

- . - . . _ . _ _


17/18

EstablishmentofanIndependentTurbineTestingLaboratory

e

ava

n vers ty

y rau c

ac nery

Laboratory(LAMH)istheonlyindependent

hydroturbinetestinglaboratoryinCanada

ttp: am .gmc.u ava .ca en ome

LAMHaids

research

in

North

America

in

the

developmentofbothsmallandlargehydraulic

, ,

andreduceenvironmentalimpacts

Performclassicalmeasurementsofefficiencyhill

charts cavitationandotherh draulicturbine The H draulic Machiner Laborator at

characterizations

Since2007,establishedanindustrialconsortium

withsixindustries,utilitiesandagovernment

Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Quebec

agency.It

is

building

adetailed

measurement

databaseofunsteadyflowsindifferentsectionsofa

modelpropellerturbine,inordertohelpthe

Helptrainhighlyqualifiedpeopleforthehydro

industry


18/18

NorthAmericaandInternationalCooperationonSmallHydroDevelopment

ana a

ean

nergy

a oguewas

esta s e

n

e ruary

.

ActionPlanincludescooperationindevelopingcleanenergytechnology.Underthe

CleanEnergyR&DandDevelopaMoreEfficientElectricityGrid,thetwosubjects

havebeenidentified:

http://www.ecoaction.gc.ca/newsnouvelles/2009091631eng.cfm

*TidalandRiverCurrentEnergy(TechnologytoGenerateElectricityfromRivers

andTidalCurrents)

*LowEnvironmentalImpactHydro(TechnologyforElectricityProductionfrom

LowHeadWaterways):Toimplementthebreakthroughturbinetechnology

throughon

site

demonstrations

of

its

performance,

cost

effectiveness,

fish

r en ess or ow ea s es ess an m ea n or mer ca.

USCanadaMexicoTrilateralEnergyCooperation:smallhydroprojectscan

beinitialled

IEAHy ropower

IA

Sma

Hy ro

Tas

Force

Annex

II

participation

EuropeanSmallHydroAssociation(ESHA)cooperation

China,IndiaandotherAsiacountriescooperationunderAPP(AsiaPacific

Partnership)

emerging hydropower technologies - tony p tung

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