emerging contaminant pfas in maine...2015 air guard samples kittery naval shipyard 2016 confirmed gw...
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MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Protecting Maine’s Air, Land and Water
Chris Evans CG
Senior Environmental Hydrogeologist
Division of Technical Services
Emerging Contaminant
PFAS in Maine
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
Emerging Issue
P per and poly
F fluoro
A alkyl
S substances
ITRC Naming Conventions (2017)
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
Emerging Issue
PFCAs 8+ carbonsPFSAs 6+ carbons
Long Chain
Short Chain
PFCAs 7- carbonsPFSAs 5- carbons
PFAA groups
ITRC Naming Conventions (2017)
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
Emerging Issue
ASWDA (2016)
Emerging Issue
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
ITRC Fate and Transport (2018)
Emerging Issue
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
ITRC Fate and Transport (2018)
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
Emerging Issue
PFOS / PFOA Lifetime Health Advisories (HA)
2009 Provisional Advisories PFOS 200ppt, PFOA 400ppt
2016 Updated and Final
Issued Lifetime Drinking Water Health Advisory Combined PFOS + PFOA = 70 ppt
Chemicals often co-occur and RfDs for both based on developmental effects which are numerically identical.
Explains why HA is applied to the sum of the concentrations.
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
Emerging Issue
2016 Health Advisory
Health Effects includedevelopmental effects, increased cholesterol, immune function effects, liver and kidney effects, reproductive effects, and suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential: PFOA kidney, testicular cancers PFOS evidence of liver adenomas and thyroid in rats.
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
DEP Action and Testing
• DEP prioritized investigating PFAS in DW (April 2017);
• Active remediation sites near DW supplies;
• Prior to closing a site with other risk factors;
• Land applied biosolids or compost;
• EPA 5-year review sites.
PFAS in Maine
Current DEP Criteria
• Remedial Action Guidelines (RAGs) 2018
– Groundwater:
• PFOA 0.4 ug/L
• PFOS 0.4 ug/L
– with reference to USEPA Health Advisory for groundwater used as drinking water
• PFOA 0.07 ug/L
• PFOS 0.07 ug/L
• And sum of PFOA/PFOS at 0.07 ug/L
Current DEP Criteria• Remedial Action Guidelines (RAGs) 2018
– Soil Direct Contact (residential):
• PFOA 1.7 mg/kg (PPM)
• PFOS 1.7 mg/kg (PPM)
– Soil Leaching to Groundwater:
• PFOA 0.0095 mg/kg (PPM)
• PFOS 0.021 mg/kg (PPM)
• Chapter 418 Beneficial Reuse of Solid Wastes (2018)
– Screening Levels Soil to Groundwater:
• PFOA 0.0025 mg/kg (PPM)
• PFOS 0.0052 mg/kg (PPM)
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
PFAS in Maine
Biosolids Testing
• 73 facilities licensed to compost or land apply biosolids;
• If material exceeded Chapter 418 screening criteria, required loading rate calculations, some site-specific soil testing;
Photo: Casella Organics
Samples That Exceeded Screening Criteria
Sludge Compost Mill Residuals Soil
PFOA 64 % 89 % N/A 19 %
PFOS 90 % 74 % N/A 57 %
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
Ongoing PFAS Investigations
Corn Uptake Study
Land spread field(s) – Silage Corn;
Soil and Corn Adjacent Stacking Area;
Collaboration with MECDC and DACF;
Leaching Study - Pending
Update to Modeled Values;
Field Verification of Model Results at Multiple Locations;
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
Ongoing PFAS Investigations
Septage Testing
9 Facilities planned: municipal, dewatering, land application;
Unlined Landfill Testing
Prioritized groundwater and drinking water testing adjacent to closed landfills;
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
PFAS in Maine
Maine Data
• Over 30,000 records from 244 sites;
• Data on 28 different PFAS;
• Includes DEP sampling, facility sampling, UCMR3, DWP samples;
• Media sampled: GW, SW, pore water, storm water, soil, sediment, fish tissue, hay, pellet feed, compost, manure, sawdust, bedrock, formed fiber.
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
PFAS in Maine
Types of Sites
➢ DoD: GW, soil, sediment, fish, SW, storm water runoff, pore water, sawdust, bedrock chips
➢ Drinking Water: PWS and private drinking water wells➢ Landfills: GW, SW, leachate➢ Sludge➢ Sludge Spreading Sites: GW, SW, soil, manure, hay➢ Superfund Sites: GW, SW, soil, ➢ Uncontrolled Sites: GW, SW, soil, sediment, formed fiber➢ VRAP and Brownfield Sites: GW
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
PFAS in Maine
PFAS in Maine
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
Brunswick NAS2012 Sampled soil, GW for RCRA building closure and treatment plant2013-14 Base wide samplingCutler2012 Confirmed at fire training areasDow AFB Bangor (BIA)2015 Air Guard samplesKittery Naval Shipyard2016 Confirmed GW detectsLoring AFB2013 Confirmed onsite contamination2015 Sampled sediment and GW
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
PFAS in MaineFormer NAS Brunswick
ASWDA (2016)
AFFF Releases at hangers, fuel tank farms, fire training area;
Accidental, training, maintenance;
After identification on base evaluated potential off base impacts;
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep ASWDA (2016)
PFAS in MaineSmall Vehicle Fire
https://www.maine.gov/pfastaskforce/
MembersChair
Dr. Meredith Tipton
Department of Environmental Protection
Jerry Reid, Commissioner
Department of Health and Human
Services
Jeanne Lambrew, Commissioner
Department of Agriculture, Conservation
and Forestry
Amanda Beal, Commissioner
Department of Defense, Veterans and
Emergency Management
Major General Doug Farnham
Maine Public Health Association
Dr. Lani Graham
Certified Wastewater Treatment Plant
Operator
Andre Brousseau
Biosolids Management Professionals
Jeff McBurnie
Environmental Health Strategy Center
Michael Belliveau
Pulp and Paper Industry
Charles Kraske
Public Drinking Water Professionals
Norm Labbe
Maine PFAS Task Force
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
EPA National Management Plan
• Developed a risk communication toolbox;• Local Government Advisory Committee;• Will announce an MCL regulatory determination
by Dec 2019 for PFOA and PFOS;• Issued draft interim recommendations for GW cleanup;• Proposed adding PFAS compounds to the next UCMR cycle;• Working with NTP to expand knowledge of toxicity;• Directed ORD to direct funds toward research to help manage
PFAS impacting agriculture.
Federal Action
PFAS Status At USEPA
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
November 2019 – Released draft protocol for completing toxicity assessment for 5 PFAS (PFDA, PFNA, PFHxA, PFHxS, and PFBA)
December 2019 – Proposed rulemaking to add PFAS to the list of chemicals subject to reporting under the Toxic Release Inventory.
environmental releases, waste management, pollution prevention, recycling data;
Federal Action
PFAS Status At USEPA
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep
PFAS in Maine
Staying Informed
DEP Interagency Information Exchange
EPA Workgroup (to improve HA process)
Direct discussion with ORD
EPA Small Water Systems Series
EPA Region 1 Workgroup
Environmental Council of States
Assoc. of Clean Water Administrators
Assoc. of State Drinking Water Administrators
Assoc. of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials
NE Waste Management Officials Assoc.
Interstate Technology Regulatory Council
Green Science Policy Institute
Contact:
www.maine.gov/dep
Technical Questions:
Chris [email protected]
207.441.5181
Policy and Related Questions:
Kerri [email protected]
207.215.1894