emergency responder pipeline awareness program · • emergency officials have a role in assisting...
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Emergency Responder
Pipeline Awareness Program
© OPAL 2018 Property of Oklahoma Pipeline Awareness Liaison, Inc.
www.okpipelineawareness.com
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2018
Member Companies
2
Assiduous Energy, LLC Oklahoma Natural Gas
Baron Exploration Company ONEOK Partners L.P.
Blueknight Energy Partners L.P. ONEOK Field Services Company
CenterPoint Energy - OK ONEOK Gas Transportation
Plains Pipeline, LP
Centurion Pipeline L.P.
Chesapeake Energy CorporationRose Rock
CHS Inc.- Jayhawk Pipeline SandRidge Energy
Continuum Midstream, LLC SemGas
Enable Midstream Partners
Enable Gas Gathering, LLC
Enable Gas Transmission, LLC
Enable Mississippi Rover Transmission, LLC
Stephens Energy Group, LLC
Grove Municipal Service Authority Stephens Production Company
Kinder Morgan - Scissortail Energy Superior Pipeline Company
Kinder Morgan - Southern Dome TRP-OK Properties LLC
Kinder Morgan – Natural Gas Pipeline of America White Cliffs
Kinder Morgan – El Paso Natural Gas Pipeline Williams - OK
Nemaha Gas Gathering System, LLC
NEOKC Pipeline, LLC
Northern Natural Gas - OK
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Our Goal
▪ Increase awareness of pipelines
▪ Increase damage prevention efforts
▪ Share key safety information
▪ Work together with our emergency response
community
▪ Enhance coordination through scenario based
exercises
3
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Emergency Preparation
4
Law Enforcement – Fire/RescueEmergency Management - 911 Dispatchers
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Flood Considerations
5
How would you respond?
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Overview
6
Purpose & Reliability
• State & Federal Regulations
• Role and Function of Pipelines
• Pipeline Safety & Integrity
Damage Prevention
• One-Call Requirements
• Pipeline Right-of-Way & Encroachments
• Report Damage or Suspicious Activity
Incident Response
• Recognize a Leak
• Working Together – UC
• Responding to an Incident
• Emergency Response Exercise
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Overview
7
Purpose & Reliability
• State & Federal Regulations
• Role and Function of Pipelines
• Pipeline Safety & Integrity
Damage Prevention
• One-Call Requirements
• Pipeline Right-of-Way & Encroachments
• Report Damage or Suspicious Activity
Incident Response
• Recognize a Leak
• Working Together - UC
• Responding to an Incident
• Emergency Response Exercise
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State and Federal Regulations
8
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Role and Function of Pipelines
9
What are pipelines?
Where are they?
Why do we need them?
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Transportation System
10
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National Pipeline
Mapping System
11
NOTE: Transmission Pipelines ONLY
Step 1: Go to the website
Step 2: Choose
state and county
https://www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov/
▪ The Pipeline Information Management Mapping Application (PIMMA) is
an on-line mapping application available to government officials
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Pipeline Safety and Integrity
12
Examples of Safety and Integrity Activities/Processes
• Cathodic protection• Internal cleaning and inspections• Pipeline control center• Pipeline marker signs• Ground/aerial patrol• High consequence areas • Periodic leak surveys• Operators of Transmission and Distribution
requirement:• Transmission Integrity Management Plan• Distribution Integrity Management Plan
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Pipeline Marker Signs
13
DOES Provide DOES NOT Provide
Warning – Caution –
DangerExact Location
Operator Name Pipeline Depth
Product Transported Pipeline Diameter
Emergency Number Pipeline Pressure
Signs come in various styles:
FEDERAL VIOLATION TO INTENTIONALLY
DAMAGE OR REMOVE A Pipeline MARKER!
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Your Pipeline Operator
is your Best Friend!
14
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Pipeline Construction
15
• Pipelines are constructed
in “spreads”
• Pipeline construction
activities are
continuously inspected
by trained and qualified
inspectors
• Pipeline welds are x-
rayed to ensure quality
• The pipeline is inspected
and tested before it is
placed into service to
transport products
Pipeline Construction
✓ Clearing & preparing the right-of-way
✓ Excavating the trench
✓ Stringing the pipe
✓ Welding pipe joints together and coating joints
✓ Inspecting pipe joints and coating
✓ Lowering the pipe into the trench and back-filling
✓ Grading and restoring the right-of-way
✓ Pipeline hydrostatic or internal device testing
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Pipeline Construction
16
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Pipeline Integrity Overview
17
• Pipeline Safety Act of 2002
mandated landmark new
regulation called the Gas
Pipeline Integrity
Management Rule
• Liquids Pipeline Integrity
Management enacted in
2000
• Both regulations require
pipeline operators to identify
“High Consequence Areas”
along the pipelines and
further identify “covered
segments” • Once covered segments are identified the pipeline
operators must develop specific plans to assess
the condition of the pipeline in the segments
• Emergency officials have a role in assisting
pipeline operators in confirming the location of
“Identified Sites” along the pipeline
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Pipeline Integrity
Management-Key Terms
18
• High Consequence Areas (HCAs) for gas or
Unusually Sensitive Areas (USAs) for liquids - an
engineering process is used to model the
impacts to the local area of a pipeline release.
Areas with certain population density or those
containing identified sites would be deemed
HCAs or USAs
• Identified Site – areas of congregation or limited
mobility along the pipeline segment
• Assessments – testing techniques used to
determine the condition of a pipeline segment
Schools DayCares Hospitals Prisons
Highly populated or “other” populated areas
Impaired mobility (hard to evacuate)
Ecological resources, wetlands….
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Internal Inspections
19
Internal inspection toolInternal cleaning tools
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Smart Pig
20
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Pipeline Control Center
22
Operates 24 hours a day / 7 days a week
Monitors pressure, flow and volume
Uses SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
Some may have remote shut off capability (DO NOT shut off valves – wait for a pipeline representative)
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Covered Topics
23
Purpose & Reliability
• State & Federal Regulations
• Role and Function of Pipelines
• Pipeline Safety & Integrity
Damage Prevention
• One-Call Requirements
• Pipeline Right-of-Way & Encroachments
• Report Damage or Suspicious Activity
Incident Response
• Recognize a Leak
• Working Together
• Responding to an Incident
• Emergency Response Exercise
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One-Call Requirements
24
Routine Excavation Steps:
•Dial 811 (48hours in advance of project)
•Wait the required time
•Respect the marks
•Dig with care
Emergency Excavation Steps:
•Wildfire (fire break, access road)
•Tornado (recovery, clean up)
•Flooding (recovery, clean up)
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Wild Fire & Fire Breaks
• OKIE811 processes emergency notices during incidents of danger to underground facilities.
• Fire departments are expected to contact OKIE811 to report wildfires.
25
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Right-of-Way
26
▪ Protects the pipeline from excavation damage
▪ Provides prompt access in the event of an
emergency
New construction in a right-of-way
Mature right-of-way
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Encroachments
27
▪ Structures that could impede the operation of a
pipeline or cause damage
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Reporting Damage
or Suspicious Activity
28
Possible surveillance or test
of security
Interactions w/personnel looking
to reveal internal information
Monitoring people/facilities from a stationary
position
Actual or attempted sabotage,
vandalism, or tampering
August 2011
Okemah pipe bomb
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Reporting Damage
or Suspicious Activity
29
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Reporting Damage
or Suspicious Activity
30
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Recent Headlines
31
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Covered Topics
32
Purpose & Reliability
• State & Federal Regulations
• Role and Function of Pipelines
• Pipeline Safety & Integrity
Damage Prevention
• One-Call Requirements
• Pipeline Right-of-Way & Encroachments
• Report Damage or Suspicious Activity
Incident Response
• Recognize a Leak
• Working Together - UC
• Responding to an Incident
• Emergency Response Exercise
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Leak Recognition:
Sight – Sound – Smell
33
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Leak Recognition:
Sight – Sound – Smell
34
• Quiet hissing to a loud roar
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Leak Recognition:
Sight – Sound – Smell
35
• Odorless, may contain a hydrocarbon smell
• Can be injected with Mercaptan in certain areasGas Gathering /
Transmission
• Odorized with Mercaptan (or other similar chemicals)
• Odorant may smell like a skunkGas Distribution
•Can be odorless
•Odorants may be added to many HVLs to assist in detection of a leak
Highly Volatile Liquids
• OdorlessCarbon Dioxide
• Pungent and unpleasant odor similar to the smell of rotting garbage.
Landfill Gas
•Sweet Crude – Sweet petroleum smell.
•Sour Crude – Contains Hydrogen Sulfide, a poisonous gas. May smell like rotten eggs but can quickly deaden the sense of smell and appear odorless.
Crude Oil
Unusual smell, petroleum or gaseous odor
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Atmospheric Monitoring
36
Atmospheric monitoring during a product leak or spill is an important
tactical step to ensure public safety! Pipeline operations personnel have
the equipment and training to assist you with this activity.
An Example…
The flammable range of natural gas is 5-15% . These numbers can vary
slightly due to characteristics of the product.
Less than 5 % 5 to 15% Greater than 15%
The only way to accurately assess for accumulation of flammable
products is through the use of monitoring equipment, namely a
Combustible Gas Indicator or CGI.
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Blocked Sewer Lines:
Cross Boring
37
Boring can cause
new unforeseen
dangers
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Working Together - UC
38
Contact Pipeline
Operator as soon
as possible
Pipeline Control
Center will
dispatch
personnel and
equipment to the
scene
Pipeline Control
Center may have
remote valve shut
down capability
Establish Unified Command
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Unified Command
39
Unified Command System
Fire Agency Law Agency Pipeline Operator
Operations Section Chief
✓ Enables all agencies with
responsibility to manage an
incident together by
establishing a common set
of incident objectives and
strategies.
✓ Allows Incident Commanders
to make joint decisions by
establishing a single
command structure.
✓ Maintains unity of command.
Each employee reports to
only one supervisor.
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Working Together - UC
40
Pipeline Operator
911 PSAP
Fire Service EMS
Law Enforcement
Emergency Management
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Notification is made to the PSAP
43
Source: NENA Pipeline Emergency Operations – Standard 56-507
www.nena.org
Critical Knowledge Points
Awareness of pipelines affecting the 9-1-1 Service
Area
Pipeline leak recognition and initial response
actions
Additional notifications to
pipeline operators
Product knowledge (hazards)
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Call 1-800-800-2481
This is a 24/7 number
44
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Disaster Response
45
• Disasters will occur that require resources and
response beyond the capability of local
responders
• Under the National Incident Management System
(NIMS), public and private sector entities can
work together to respond to a disaster event
• Major disaster events can affect infrastructure
including pipelines
• When the State Emergency Operations Center is
activated, pipelines are represented within
Emergency Support Function (ESF) 12
• Under NIMS resources are requested from the
local area, to the state, and if needed, by the
state to the federal government
• Reestablishment of service and outside force
damage prevention are major priorities for
pipelines during disaster response
OK State Emergency Operations Center
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Incident Response
46
Respond Safely
Assess The Situation
Protect People &
Environment
Work Together
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If Your First In …
48
• Establish Command - ICS• Notify the Pipeline Operator• Relate as much information as
possible• Allow only trained pipeline
personnel to close valves• If you don’t know – Don’t go!
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Respond Safely
49
DO DON’T
Conduct a scene size-
up and Approach
Upwind
DO NOT drive into
vapor clouds or liquids
Monitor wind
direction
DO NOT extinguish
primary fires
Turn off all engines
(and other ignition
sources)
DO NOT operate
valves
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Assess The Situation
50Source: Pipeline Emergencies Second Edition – Hildebrand And Noll
Size of Release Available Resources
How much hasbeen spilled
YOUR department training
Where is it goingEquipment and supplies available (water supply,
booms, foam, etc.)
Area impactedLeak and spill control
resources
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Protect People and Environment
51
Establish perimeter
Set up barricades
Stop all traffic from entering
*Ensure Pipeline Operator Access
Evacuate
Shelter in-placeClear roadway for emergency vehicles
Establish evacuation shelter
(if needed)
Inform the public
(radio, television or reverse-911)
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Developing an IAP
52
Key Considerations
When Developing an Incident Action Plan
• Type of Pipeline
• Product(s) Involved
• Nature of the Incident
• Safety Considerations
• Exposures
• Environmental
Conditions
• Possible Escalation of
the Incident
Source: Pipeline Emergencies Second Edition – Hildebrand And Noll
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Type of Pipeline
53Source: Pipeline Emergencies Second Edition – Hildebrand And Noll
Gathering Transmission Distribution
Are you familiar with the purpose of each
system?
Are you aware of average pipe diameters and
pressures in your area?
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Pressure Relieving Devices
54
• A functioning pressure relief device is
an operational upset-not an
emergency!
• NEVER attempt to shut off the valve
at a venting relief device!
• Isolate the area and deny entry
except to trained pipeline operations
personnel
• Ensure that the operator of the
pipeline has been notified to
respond
Natural gas pipeline pressure relief valve
Liquids pipeline pressure relief device
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Above Ground Facility
Incident Response Tactics
55
• Ensure that the pipeline operator’s
system control center has been
notified
• Verify personnel accountability
with pipeline operator personnel
• Conduct size-up and identify
hazards in consultation with
pipeline operator personnel
• Activate the facility’s Emergency
Shut Down (ESD) device only if
directed by pipeline operations
personnel
Natural gas compressor station
Liquids pipeline above ground facility
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Products Involved
56Source: Pipeline Emergencies Second Edition – Hildebrand And Noll
What products are being transported
Physical properties
*Special hazards
NEW Section in the 2016 ERG
Pipeline Transportation (pages
14-19)
The 2012 ERG includes a new
section on BLEVE safety precautions
on page 366
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Product Characteristics
ERG # PRODUCT DESCRIPTION HEALTH & FIRE HAZARDS RESPONSE
ERG 115 Natural GasLeak Type: Gas
Vapor: Lighter than air, very flammable. A white vapor cloud may be visible near the site of the leak.
Health Hazards: Extremely high concentrations may cause irritation or asphyxiation. Possible presence of H2S, a toxic
gas. Fire Hazards: Extremely flammable and easily ignited by heat,
sparks or flames
Secure the area Let the primary fire burn Eliminate secondary fires
ERG 115
Highly Volatile Liquids (HVLs) -Natural Gas Liquids, Liquid
Petroleum Gas (LPGs), Ethane, Propane, Butane, etc.
Leak Type: Liquid/Gas Vapor: Heavier than air, very flammable. A white vapor
cloud may be visible near the site of the leak.
Health Hazards: Respiratory tract irritant; may cause central nervous system effects.
Fire Hazards: Extremely flammable liquid or vapor; vapors may accumulate in low lying areas and travel considerable
distance to ignition source.
Evacuate the area Set up barricades
Eliminate ignition source
ERG 120 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Leak Type: Gas Vapor: Heavier than air. If there is a leak in a C02
pipeline, the product will become very cold when contact with the outside atmosphere is made. The area around
the leak my look frozen or covered in frost. In wet areas, bubbling water or muddy looking area may indicate a
leak.
Health Hazards: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Contact with C02 may cause burns, severe
injury and/or frostbite. Fire Hazards: Nonflammable gas. Containers of C02 may
explode when heated and ruptured cylinders may rocket.
Evacuate the area Set up barricades
ERG 125 Anhydrous AmmoniaLeak Type: Vapor
Vapor: Heavier then air
Health Hazards: Fatal if inhaled ingested or absorbed through the skin. Contact causes burns, severe injury, and/or frostbite. Fire Hazards: May burn, but will not ignite readily. May react
violently with water.
Do not extinguish with water - may react violently!
ERG 128Crude Oil & Refined Products:
Gasoline, Diesel, Jet Fuel, Heating Oil, etc.
Leak Type: Liquid Vapor: Heavier than air. Can be flammable. Dark brown
spots on the ground, dead vegetation or an oily sheen on top of the ground or floating on the surface of a body of water may indicate the presence of a leak in a crude oil
pipeline system.
Health Hazards: Irritation of the eyes and skin may occur with exposure. Vapors may cause central nervous system effects.
Possible presence of H2S, a toxic gas. Fire Hazards: Crude oil is an extremely flammable liquid or vapor that is heavier than air. may accumulate in low areas, and may travel considerable distances to an ignition source.
Do not extinguish with water Isolate the area
Eliminate secondary fires
Other Hazards
ERG 117Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S, Sour Gas,
Poison Gas)
A colorless gas at atmospheric temperatures and pressure can be found in natural gas and petroleum crude oil. Flammable, toxic and heavier than air. Will settle, particularly in low lying areas. H2S causes a foul odor in small concentrations but paralyzes the sense of smell in higher concentrations. If H2S is
present, leave the area immediately. H2S can be fatal in higher concentrations.
ERG 115 Landfill Gas
Gases are formed in landfills when buried waste decomposes (breakdown by bacteria) or volatize (change from liquid or solid to a vapor). Methane is the main chemical in landfill gas and is highly flammable. If a spark is present and enough methane is mixed into the air, a fire may occur. breathing methane, however, is only hazardous if it is present at levels high enough to decrease the amount of oxygen in the air. the adverse health effects are due to a lack of oxygen, not by breathing the methane gas itself. in a building, methane would be a fire hazard at levels much lower than those that could cause breathing
problems.
See current ERG for expanded response information
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Batching – Liquid Products
58Source: Association of Oil Pipe and Pipeline101.com
• Liquid pipelines can transport multiple products
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Nature of Incident
59Source: Association of Oil Pipe and Pipeline101.com
Flammable liquid OR gas leak
With or without fire
Toxic vapor cloud release
Trench rescue (confined space)
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Safety, Exposures,
Environmental Conditions
62Source: Pipeline Emergencies Second Edition – Hildebrand and Noll
Safety of emergency responders
Safety of others – isolation distances, specials needs, etc.
Exposures in proximity to the incident
Environmental conditions
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Recap
63
Respond Safely
Assess The Situation
Protect People &
Environment
Work Together
• Do you know….
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How do we Manage These?
64
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WE MANAGE IT TOGETHER!
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2018 Property of OPAL, Inc.
Thank you!
For more information about OPAL and our
pipeline members go to:
okpipelineawareness.com
Closing
66