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EMERGENCY MEDICAL RESPONDER TRAINING
STUDY GUIDE
Frontline First Aid & Emergency Training 250-470-0205
[email protected] www.frontlinefirstaid.ca
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 2 of 178
Welcome to your Canadian Red Cross Emergency Medical Responder training program; and thank-you for choosing
Frontline.
Print this EMR Study Guide, complete the assignments ahead of time, and bring it with you to each class...so you can
ask questions about any answers you are not sure about.
By doing so:
You will arrive at each EMR class with a greater understanding of the terms and skills you’ll be practicing
You will be more confident in both your EMR knowledge and hands-on EMR skills
You will be better prepared for the Written and Practical Certification Evaluations at the end of your course
You will be better prepared for your Provincial BC EMALB Licensing Evaluations
These assignments are straightforward…with references to where you can find the answers…however, they can be time
consuming depending on your personal pace and study habits.
Start these assignments as soon as possible
Get as much done as you can…BEFORE the start of your course
DO NOT wait until the night before each session to start these assignments
You will need the following resources to answer the questions in this EMR Study Guide:
Canadian Red Cross Emergency Care Manual
BCAS Treatment Guidelines for Medical Responders in BC
Frontline EMR Cheat Sheet
BC Legislation Supplements
o Good Samaritan Act
o Emergency Health Services Act
o Mental Health Act
Lund and Browder Burn Chart
Equipment Familiarization Booklet
Do Not Resuscitate Order
Kendrick Extrication Device Manual
Sager Traction Splint Manual
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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The table of contents below indicates assignment due dates:
Session 1 ________________________________________________________________________ 9
Emergency Care Manual Revisions – Due on Session 1 __________________________________________________________ 9
EMR Roles and Responsibilities – Due on Session 1 _____________________________________________ 11
The Canadian Red Cross – Due on Session 1 __________________________________________________________________ 11
Paramedic Association of Canada – Due on Session 1 __________________________________________________________ 12
Medical Control – Due on Session 1 _________________________________________________________________________ 13
Preventing Disease Transmission – Due on Session 1 ___________________________________________ 14
Methods of Transmission – Due in Session 1__________________________________________________________________ 14
Viruses – Due in Session 1 ________________________________________________________________________________ 15
Bacteria – Due in Session 1 ________________________________________________________________________________ 16
Fungi – Due on Session 1 _________________________________________________________________________________ 17
Protozoa – Due on Session 1 ______________________________________________________________________________ 18
Ricksettia – Due on Session 1 ______________________________________________________________________________ 19
Parasitic Worms – Due on Session 1 ________________________________________________________________________ 20
Herpes – Due in Session 1 _________________________________________________________________________________ 21
Meningitis – Due on Session 1 _____________________________________________________________________________ 22
Tuberculosis – Due on Session 1 ___________________________________________________________________________ 23
Hepatitis – Due on Session 1 ______________________________________________________________________________ 24
HIV / AIDS – Due on Session 1 _____________________________________________________________________________ 25
Influenza – Due on Session 1 ______________________________________________________________________________ 26
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Due on Session 1 _______________________________________________________ 27
Anatomy and Physiology – Due on Session 1 __________________________________________________ 28
Complete the Body System Chart – Due on Session 1___________________________________________________________ 28
Cavities of the Body – Due on Session 1 _____________________________________________________________________ 29
Label the Components of the Circulatory System – Due on Session 1 ______________________________________________ 30
Label the Circulatory Cycle – Due on Session 1 ________________________________________________________________ 31
Label the Anatomical References – Due on Session 1 ___________________________________________________________ 32
Skeletal System – Due on Session 1 _________________________________________________________________________ 33
Label the Bones as indicated on the diagram below: ___________________________________________________________ 33
Respiratory System – Due on Session 1 ______________________________________________________________________ 34
Equipment Familiarization – Due on Session 1 _________________________________________________ 34
Oxygen Equipment – Due on Session 1 ______________________________________________________________________ 34
Oxygen Flow Rates – Due on Session 1 ______________________________________________________________________ 35
Name the Equipment – Due on Session 1 ____________________________________________________________________ 35
Assessment Model – Due on Session 1 _______________________________________________________ 40
Assessment Model: Fill in the steps – Due on Session 1 ________________________________________________________ 40
Assessment Model: Scene Survey – Due on Session 1 __________________________________________________________ 41
Transport Decision – Due on Session 1 ______________________________________________________________________ 43
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Assessment – Due on Session 1 _____________________________________________________________ 44
Glasgow Coma Scale – Due on Session 1 _____________________________________________________________________ 44
Pulse Oximetry: Fill in the blanks – Due on Session 1 ___________________________________________________________ 45
Pulse Oximetry: 12 Limitations– Due on Session 1 _____________________________________________________________ 45
Blood Pressure - Due on Session 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 46
Blood Glucose Monitoring - Due on Session 1 _________________________________________________________________ 46
Head to Toe Assessment Mnemonics - Due on Session 1 ________________________________________________________ 46
Label the Pulse Points – Due on Session 1 ____________________________________________________________________ 47
Shock – Due on Session 1 __________________________________________________________________ 48
Types and Causes of Shock– Due on Session 1 ________________________________________________________________ 48
Session 2 _______________________________________________________________________ 49
The 6 Rights - Due on Session 2 ____________________________________________________________________________ 49
Nitroglycerin - Due on Session 2 ___________________________________________________________________________ 50
Oral Glucose - Due on Session 2 ____________________________________________________________________________ 51
Oxygen - Due on Session 2 ________________________________________________________________________________ 52
Angina – Due on Session 2 ________________________________________________________________________________ 53
Heart Attack – Due on Session 2 ___________________________________________________________________________ 54
ASA - Due on Session 2 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 55
Transient Ischemic Attack – Due on Session 2 _________________________________________________________________ 56
Stroke – Due on Session 2 ________________________________________________________________________________ 57
Chest Pain Protocol - Due on Session 2 ______________________________________________________________________ 58
Soft Tissue Injury Worksheets – Due on Session 2 ______________________________________________ 59
Internal Bleeding – Due on Session 2 ________________________________________________________________________ 59
Laceration – Due on Session 2 _____________________________________________________________________________ 60
Abrasion – Due on Session 2 ______________________________________________________________________________ 61
Avulsion Due on Session 2 ________________________________________________________________________________ 62
Puncture - Due on Session 2 _______________________________________________________________________________ 63
Scalp Injury - Due on Session 2 _____________________________________________________________________________ 64
Cheek Injury - Due on Session 2 ____________________________________________________________________________ 65
Eye Injury - Due on Session 2 ______________________________________________________________________________ 66
Extruded Eyeball - Due on Session 2 ________________________________________________________________________ 67
Ear Injury - Due on Session 2 ______________________________________________________________________________ 68
Mouth and Jaw Injuries - Due on Session 2 ___________________________________________________________________ 69
Infection - Due on Session 2 _______________________________________________________________________________ 70
Diabetic Protocols - Due on Session 2 _______________________________________________________________________ 71
Diabetes – Due on Session 2_______________________________________________________________________________ 72
Seizures – Due on Session 2 _______________________________________________________________________________ 73
Session 3 _______________________________________________________________________ 74
Eight Signs and Symptoms of Head or Spinal Injury – Due on Session 3 ____________________________________________ 74
Label the Components of the Spinal Column – Due on Session 3__________________________________________________ 74
Label the Components of the Spine – Due on Session 3 _________________________________________________________ 75
KED Strapping Sequence - Due on Session 3 __________________________________________________________________ 76
Spinal Grips - Due on Session 3 ____________________________________________________________________________ 76
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Musculoskeletal Worksheets – Due on Session 3 _______________________________________________ 78
Strain - Due on Session 3 _________________________________________________________________________________ 78
Sprain - Due on Session 3 _________________________________________________________________________________ 79
Fracture - Due on Session 3 _______________________________________________________________________________ 80
Dislocation - Due on Session 3 _____________________________________________________________________________ 81
Musculoskeletal Injuries – Due on Session 3 __________________________________________________ 82
Principles of Splinting – Due on Session 3 ____________________________________________________________________ 82
Session 4 _______________________________________________________________________ 83
CPR Techniques - Due on Session 4 _________________________________________________________________________ 83
Treatable CPR - Due on Session 4 ___________________________________________________________________________ 83
Changing CPR Positions - Due on Session 4 ___________________________________________________________________ 84
Hypothermic CPR Patients - Due on Session 4 _________________________________________________________________ 84
When to Stop CPR - Due on Session 4 _______________________________________________________________________ 84
Definitions - Due on Session 4 _____________________________________________________________________________ 84
Do Not Resuscitate / No CPR forms - Due on Session 4 _________________________________________________________ 85
Pulmonary Edema – Due on Session 4 _______________________________________________________________________ 86
Pulmonary Embolism – Due on Session 4 ____________________________________________________________________ 87
Asthma – Due on Session 4 _______________________________________________________________________________ 88
Pneumonia – Due on Session 4 ____________________________________________________________________________ 89
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Due on Session 4 _____________________________________________________ 90
Hypoxic Drive - Due on Session 4 ___________________________________________________________________________ 91
Anaphylaxis – Due on Session 4 ____________________________________________________________________________ 92
Hyperventilation – Due on Session 4 ________________________________________________________________________ 93
Assisted Ventilations and Rescue Breathing - Due on Session 4 ___________________________________________________ 94
Session 5 _______________________________________________________________________ 95
Trauma Worksheets – Due on Session 5 ______________________________________________________ 95
Amputation - Due on Session 5 ____________________________________________________________________________ 95
Impaled Object - Due on Session 5 __________________________________________________________________________ 96
Pneumothorax/Hemothorax – Due on Session 5 ______________________________________________________________ 97
Flail Chest – Due on Session 5 _____________________________________________________________________________ 98
Crush Syndrome– Due on Session 5 _________________________________________________________________________ 99
Compartment Syndrome– Due on Session 5 _________________________________________________________________ 100
Blast Injuries– Due on Session 5 ___________________________________________________________________________ 101
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm – Due on Session 5 ______________________________________________________________ 102
Burns Worksheets – Due on Session 5 _______________________________________________________ 103
Superficial Burns – Due on Session 5 _______________________________________________________________________ 103
Partial Thickness Burns – Due on Session 5 __________________________________________________________________ 104
Full Thickness Burns – Due on Session 5 ____________________________________________________________________ 105
Lund & Browder Burn Estimation Chart – Due on Session 5 _____________________________________________________ 106
Rule of Nines Burn Estimation – Due on Session 5 ____________________________________________________________ 107
Burn Protocols – Due on Session 5 _________________________________________________________________________ 108
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Poisons Worksheets – Due on Session 5 _____________________________________________________ 109
How Poisons Enter the Body – Due on Session 5 _____________________________________________________________ 109
Commonly Misused and Abused Substances – Due on Session 5_________________________________________________ 110
Spider Bites – Due on Session 5 ___________________________________________________________________________ 111
Marine Life – Due on Session 5 ___________________________________________________________________________ 112
Ticks – Due on Session 5 _________________________________________________________________________________ 113
Snakes – Due on Session 5 _______________________________________________________________________________ 114
Hanta Virus – Due on Session 5 ___________________________________________________________________________ 115
Misused and Abused Substances Worksheets – Due on Session 5 ________________________________ 116
Stimulant – Due on Session 5 _____________________________________________________________________________ 116
Hallucinogen – Due on Session 5 __________________________________________________________________________ 117
Depressant – Due on Session 5 ___________________________________________________________________________ 118
Designer Drugs – Due on Session 5 ________________________________________________________________________ 119
Hypothermia Worksheets – Due on Session 5 ________________________________________________ 120
Mild Hypothermia – Due on Session 5 ______________________________________________________________________ 120
Moderate Hypothermia – Due on Session 5 _________________________________________________________________ 121
Severe Hypothermia – Due on Session 5 ____________________________________________________________________ 122
Frostbite Worksheets – Due on Session 5 ____________________________________________________ 123
Frost Nip – Due on Session 5 _____________________________________________________________________________ 123
Frostbite – Due on Session 5 _____________________________________________________________________________ 124
Hyperthermia Worksheets – Due on Session 5 ________________________________________________ 125
Heat Cramps – Due on Session 5 __________________________________________________________________________ 125
Heat Exhaustion – Due on Session 5 _______________________________________________________________________ 126
Heat Stroke – Due on Session 5 ___________________________________________________________________________ 127
Session 6 ______________________________________________________________________ 128
Drip Set Calculations - Due on Session 6 ____________________________________________________________________ 128
IV Complications Worksheets – Due on Session 6 ______________________________________________ 129
Circulatory Overload – Due on Session 6 ____________________________________________________________________ 129
Catheter Embolism– Due on Session 6 _____________________________________________________________________ 130
Allergic Reaction – Due on Session 6 _______________________________________________________________________ 131
Interstitial Swelling – Due on Session 6 _____________________________________________________________________ 132
Thrombosis and Thrombophlebitis – Due on Session 6 ________________________________________________________ 133
Site Infection – Due on Session 6 __________________________________________________________________________ 134
Pharmacology Worksheets – Due on Session 6 _______________________________________________ 135
Bromide – Due on Session 6 ______________________________________________________________________________ 135
Adrenaline - Due on Session 6 ____________________________________________________________________________ 136
Nitrous Oxide - Due on Session 6 __________________________________________________________________________ 137
Salbutamol - Due on Session 6 ____________________________________________________________________________ 138
Routes of Drug Administration - Due on Session 6 ____________________________________________________________ 139
Entonox Administration - Due on Session 6 __________________________________________________________________ 140
Sager Traction Splint – Due on Session 6 ____________________________________________________________________ 142
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Session 7 ______________________________________________________________________ 143
Congestive Heart Failure – Due on Session 7_________________________________________________________________ 143
Sudden Illness Worksheets – Due on Session 7 ________________________________________________ 144
Appendicitis – Due on Session 7 ___________________________________________________________________________ 144
Peptic Ulcers – Due on Session 7 __________________________________________________________________________ 145
Gastroenteritis – Due on Session 7 ________________________________________________________________________ 146
Bowel Obstruction – Due on Session 7 _____________________________________________________________________ 147
Kidney Stones – Due on Session 7 _________________________________________________________________________ 148
Urinary Tract Infection – Due on Session 7 __________________________________________________________________ 149
Fainting (Syncope) – Due on Session 7 ______________________________________________________________________ 150
Peritonitis – Due on Session 7 ____________________________________________________________________________ 151
High Altitude Sickness Worksheets – Due on Session 7 _________________________________________ 152
Acute Mountain Sickness – Due on Session 7 ________________________________________________________________ 152
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema – Due on Session 7 __________________________________________________________ 153
High Altitude Cerebral Edema – Due on Session 7 ____________________________________________________________ 154
Behavioural and Psychotic Emergencies Worksheets – Due on Session 7 __________________________ 155
Psychosis – Due on Session 7 _____________________________________________________________________________ 155
Anxiety – Due on Session 7 _______________________________________________________________________________ 156
Depression – Due on Session 7 ____________________________________________________________________________ 157
Schizophrenia – Due on Session 7 _________________________________________________________________________ 158
Childbirth Complications Worksheets – Due on Session 7 _______________________________________ 159
Miscarriage – Due on Session 7 ___________________________________________________________________________ 159
Third Trimester Bleeding – Due on Session 7 ________________________________________________________________ 160
Multiple Births – Due on Session 7 _________________________________________________________________________ 161
Breech Birth – Due on Session 7 ___________________________________________________________________________ 162
Prolapsed Cord – Due on Session 7 ________________________________________________________________________ 163
Ectopic Pregnancy – Due on Session 7 ______________________________________________________________________ 164
Limb Presentation – Due on Session 7 ______________________________________________________________________ 165
Premature Labour – Due on Session 7 ______________________________________________________________________ 166
Post-Partum Bleeding – Due on Session 7 ___________________________________________________________________ 167
APGAR - Due on Session 7 _______________________________________________________________________________ 168
Special Populations Worksheets – Due on Session 7 ___________________________________________ 169
Infant – Due on Session 7 ________________________________________________________________________________ 169
Child – Due on Session 7 _________________________________________________________________________________ 170
Adolescent – Due on Session 7 ____________________________________________________________________________ 171
Older Adult – Due on Session 7 ___________________________________________________________________________ 172
Physically or Mentally Disabled – Due on Session 7 ___________________________________________________________ 173
Crisis Intervention Worksheet – Due on Session 7 _____________________________________________ 174
Communications Worksheets – Due on Session 7 _____________________________________________ 175
Medical Director – Due on Session 7 _______________________________________________________________________ 175
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Transportation Worksheets – Due on Session 7 _______________________________________________ 176
Safe Vehicle Operations – Due on Session 7 _________________________________________________________________ 176
Triage / Multiple Casualty Incidents Due on Session 7 _________________________________________________________ 177
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Session 1
Emergency Care Manual Revisions – Due on Session 1
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual
1. Find the following passage on page 137 of your Emergency Care Manual:
“After doing 5 cycles (2 minutes) of continuous CPR, recheck for signs of circulation and normal
breathing. Tilt the patient’s head to open the airway and take no more than 5 to 10 seconds to check for
signs of circulation. If there are no signs of circulation, or you are unsure, continue CPR, beginning with
compressions. Check circulation and breathing again every few minutes.”
Take a marker or pen…and cross out that passage:
“After doing 5 cycles (2 minutes) of continuous CPR, recheck for signs of circulation and normal
breathing. Tilt the patient’s head to open the airway and take no more than 5 to 10 seconds to check for
signs of circulation. If there are no signs of circulation, or you are unsure, continue CPR, beginning with
compressions. Check circulation and breathing again every few minutes.”
2. Find the following passage on page 142 of your Emergency Care Manual:
“Recheck for signs of circulation and breathing after about 5 cycles (two minutes) of continuous CPR.
Check for signs of circulation for no more than 5-10 seconds with the hand that was giving compressions.
If there are no signs of circulation or you are unsure, continue CPR, starting with compressions. Recheck
circulation and breathing every few minutes.”
Take a marker or pen…and cross out that passage:
“Recheck for signs of circulation and breathing after about 5 cycles (two minutes) of continuous CPR.
Check for signs of circulation for no more than 5-10 seconds with the hand that was giving compressions.
If there are no signs of circulation or you are unsure, continue CPR, starting with compressions. Recheck
circulation and breathing every few minutes.”
These passages are out of date…but were unintentionally overlooked in the last printing.
The most current CPR guidelines indicate that you should continue CPR once started…until you observe Obvious
Signs of Life as you are performing CPR.
Your EMR Instructor will review CPR protocols with you in greater depth during your course.
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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3. Find the following passage on page 94 of your Emergency Care Manual:
“During your primary survey, you may discover that an unconscious adult is not breathing. If this
happens, begin the CPR sequence (30 compressions).”
Use a pen or marker to add the words…“and does not have a pulse” after the words…“is not breathing”:
and does not have a pulse
“During your primary survey, you may discover that an unconscious adult is not breathing ^. If this
happens, begin the CPR sequence (30 compressions).”
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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EMR Roles and Responsibilities – Due on Session 1
The Canadian Red Cross – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual
What are the 7 Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross? (Emergency Care Manual…pages vi - vii)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
How many Red Cross Volunteers give their time and energy every day? (Emergency Care Manual…pages vi - vii)
What are 7 ways the Red Cross Helps? (Emergency Care Manual…pages vi - vii)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Watch the Videos
Click the link…copy & paste…or type the address into your browser:
http://www.frontlinefirstaid.ca/first-aid--cpr-videos.html#crc
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Paramedic Association of Canada – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual
What is the mandate of the Paramedic Association of Canada? (Emergency Care Manual…pages 3-4)
What are the 4 Levels of EMS Provider Training regulated by the PAC? (Emergency Care Manual…pages 3-4)
What are the 6 main Patient Related Duties of a Medical Responder? (Emergency Care Manual…pages 6-7)
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Medical Control – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual
What is the role of Medical Control? (Emergency Care Manual…page 4)
What is the difference between Offline/Indirect and Online/Direct Medical Control? (Emergency Care Manual…page 4)
What are the 7 components of an Emergency Response? (Emergency Care Manual…page 5)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Preventing Disease Transmission – Due on Session 1
Methods of Transmission – Due in Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual
Four Conditions which must exist for infection to occur: (Emergency Care Manual…page 29)
1
2
3
4
Four methods Pathogens enter the body (Emergency Care Manual…pages 29-31)
Example
1
2
3
4
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Viruses – Due in Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 28
Definition
Conditions Caused by
Viruses
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Bacteria – Due in Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 28
Definition
Conditions Caused by Bacteria
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Fungi – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 28
Definition
Conditions Caused by Fungi
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Protozoa – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 28
Definition
Conditions Caused by Protozoa
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Ricksettia – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 28
Definition
Conditions Caused by Ricksettia
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Parasitic Worms – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 28
Definition
Conditions Caused by
Parasitic Worms
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Herpes – Due in Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 31-35
Definition
Mode of Transmission
Route of Entry
Signs & Symptoms
Immunization/ Vaccine?
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Meningitis – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 31-35
Definition
Mode of Transmission
Route of Entry
Signs & Symptoms
Immunization/ Vaccine?
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Tuberculosis – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 31-35
Definition
Mode of Transmission
Route of Entry
Signs & Symptoms
Immunization/ Vaccine?
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Hepatitis – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 31-35
Definition
Mode of Transmission
Route of Entry
Signs & Symptoms
Immunization/ Vaccine?
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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HIV / AIDS – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 31-35
Definition
Mode of Transmission
Route of Entry
Signs & Symptoms
Immunization/ Vaccine?
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Influenza – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 31-35
Definition
Mode of Transmission
Route of Entry
Signs & Symptoms
Immunization/ Vaccine?
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 36
Task PPE Required
Bleeding control with spurting blood
Bleeding control with minimal bleeding
Childbirth
Helping with an intravenous (IV) line
Oral/nasal suctioning; manually clearing
airway
Handling and cleaning contaminated
equipment and clothing if body fluids
are present
Transporting or caring for a patient with signs
of a transmissible respiratory illness
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Anatomy and Physiology – Due on Session 1
Complete the Body System Chart – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 49
Body System Major Components Purpose
Supplies the body with Oxygen through Breathing
Bones, Muscles, Joins, Ligaments, Tendons
Nervous
Breaks down food and eliminates waste
Integumentary
Heart, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Blood
Endocrine
Uterus and gentialia
Kidneys and bladder
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Cavities of the Body – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 47-48
Body Cavity Major Structures in the Cavity
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Identify the Components of the Circulatory System – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 53
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Label the Circulatory Cycle – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 53
Watch the Videos
Click the link…copy & paste…or type the address into your browser:
http://www.frontlinefirstaid.ca/first-aid--cpr-videos.html#circulatory
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Label the Anatomical References – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 45-47
Frontline First Aid
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Skeletal System – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual...page 59
Label the Bones as indicated on the diagram below:
Bones are held together with: (Emergency Care Manual…page 61)
Muscles are held to bones with: (Emergency Care Manual…page 55)
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Respiratory System – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 50-52
The Bronchi eventually branch into millions of tiny air sacs called ___________________________________________. Oxygen and ____________________________________ pass into and out of the blood stream though the thin walls of
the _________________________________ and tiny blood vessels called ____________________________________.
Watch the Videos
Click the link…copy & paste…or type the address into your browser:
http://www.frontlinefirstaid.ca/first-aid--cpr-videos.html#respiratory
Equipment Familiarization – Due on Session 1
Oxygen Equipment – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 123
To attach the pressure regulator to the cylinder:
a) Insert the gasket into the _______________________________________________
b) Check to see that the __________________________ corresponds to an oxygen tank
c) Seat the _______________ of the regulator inside the cylinder
d) Hand tighten the screw until the regulator is __________________
e) Turn on the oxygen and check how much pressure is in the ______________________
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Oxygen Flow Rates – Due on Session 1 Fill in the Blanks Answers found in: EMR Cheat Sheet
Device BC EMALB Paramedic Association of Canada
(Canadian Red Cross Emergency Care Manual) O2 %
Simple / Standard Mask N/A
Non-Rebreather Mask 8 – 15 lpm 90+ %
Bag Valve Mask 10+ lpm
Nasal Canula 24-36 %
Resuscitation Mask (Pocket Mask) N/A 6+ lpm
Normal Room Air
Exhaled Air
Name the Equipment – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Equipment Familiarization Booklet
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Assessment Model – Due on Session 1
Assessment Model: Fill in the steps – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: EMR Cheat Sheet
Scene Survey
Primary Survey
Secondary Survey
Interview
Vital Signs
Head to Toe
Ongoing Survey
Frontline First Aid
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Assessment Model: Scene Survey – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 69-70, personal experience and observation
Name at least 3 potential hazards and 1 additional resource potentially required…in each scene
Scene 1 3 Potential Hazards 1 Additional Resource
Scene 2 3 Potential Hazards 1 Additional Resource
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Scene 3 3 Potential Hazards 1 Additional Resource
Scene 4 3 Potential Hazards 1 Additional Resource
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Transport Decision – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 74-75
List 12 Examples of Urgent / Code 3 Transport (Load-and-Go) Emergencies:
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Assessment – Due on Session 1
Glasgow Coma Scale – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 77
Eye Opening
Best Verbal Response
Best Motor Response
6 Obeys commands
5 Oriented 5 Localizes to pain
4 Spontaneously 4 Confused 4 Withdraws to pain
3 To voice 3 Inappropriate words 3 Flex to pain (Decorticate)
2 To pain 2 Incomprehensible sounds 2 Extend to pain (Decerebrate)
1 No response 1 No response 1 No response
Eye + Verbal + Motor = GCS (3-15) GCS less than 13 is life threatening
Calculate Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS):
Patient 1
Eyes: Patient’s eyes are open and follow you as you move; E = _____
Verbal: Patient is speaking normally and can answer questions clearly; V = _____
Motor: Patient complies with all requests; M = _____
E + V + M = GCS _______________
Patient 2
Eyes: Patient’s eyes open briefly, only when pinched; E = _____
Verbal: Patient curses at you when pinched; V = _____
Motor: Patient pulls hand away, only when pinched; M = _____
E + V + M = GCS _______________
Patient 3
Eyes: Patient’s eyes open only while you are speaking to them; E = _____
Verbal: Patient tries to answer questions, but does not know where they are or how they got there; V = _____
Motor: Patient grips your fingers when asked; M = _____
E + V + M = GCS _______________
Patient 4
Eyes: Patient’s eyes remain closed; E = _____
Verbal: Patient moans when pinched; V = _____
Motor: Patient pulls both arms into his chest when pinched; M = ______
E + V + M = GCS _______________
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Pulse Oximetry: Fill in the blanks – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 80
Range Value Treatment
Normal
91-94%
Administer Emergency oxygen using a non-rebreather mask or a bag-valve-mask resuscitator
Pulse Oximetry: 12 Limitations– Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 81
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
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Blood Pressure - Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 81-83
a. Blood Pressure is measured in units of ____________________________________
b. The first number reflects the pressure in the arteries when the heart is working, or contracting. This pressure is
called the _________________________________
c. The second number reflects the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest and refilling. This is called
the____________________________________
Blood Glucose Monitoring - Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…84-85, EMR Cheat Sheet, BCAS Treatment Guidelines
a. Blood glucose is measured in _____________________________
b. A normal BGL ranges from _________________________ to ________________________
c. Hypoglycemia is most often defined as a BGL of less than ___________________________
d. Hyperglycemia is defined as a BGL of greater than ___________________________
e. In BRITISH COLUMBIA…the BCAS Treatment Guidelines define Hyperglycemia as BGL greater than
________________ (refer to Frontline EMR Cheat Sheet or BCAS Treatment Guidelines Booklet)
Head to Toe Assessment Mnemonics - Due on Session 1 Fill in the Blanks Answers found in: EMR Cheat Sheet
B
C Contusions
S
O A C
L Lacerations P R
D
I
P
T Tenderness
S
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Label the Pulse Points – Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 79
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Shock – Due on Session 1
Types and Causes of Shock– Due on Session 1 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 154
Type of Shock Cause
Anaphylactic
Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Neurogenic
Psychogenic
Respiratory
Septic
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Session 2
The 6 Rights - Due on Session 2 Fill in the Blanks Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 161, EMR Cheat Sheet, BCAS Treatment Guidelines
EMR’s in BC can ADMINISTER ________________ & ______________ … and ASSIST with other Medications
1 Person
2 Have they had it before…no Contraindications
3 Time
4 How much should they take
5 Route
6 Documentation
Medications - Emergency Medical Responders in British Columbia
Administer Assist
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Nitroglycerin - Due on Session 2
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 163-164, EMR Cheat Sheet
Trade Name(s): Generic Name(s):
Classification
Mechanism
Indications
Contraindications
Precautions
Adverse Effects
Doses
Routes of Administration
Onset
Metabolism
Notes
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Oral Glucose - Due on Session 2
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 165, EMR Cheat Sheet
Trade Name(s): Generic Name(s):
Classification
Mechanism
Indications
Contraindications
Precautions
Adverse Effects
Doses
Onset
Routes of Administration
Notes
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Oxygen - Due on Session 2
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 165-166
Trade Name(s): Generic Name(s):
Classification
Description
Indications
Contraindications
Precautions
Doses
Routes of
Administration
Notes
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Angina – Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 128-133
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Heart Attack – Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 128-133
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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ASA - Due on Session 2
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 164, EMR Cheat Sheet
Trade Name(s): Generic Name(s):
Classification
Mechanism
Indications
Contraindications
Precautions
Doses
Routes of Administration
Notes
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Transient Ischemic Attack – Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 144-146
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Stroke – Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 144-146
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Chest Pain Protocol - Due on Session 2 Fill in the blanks
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual, EMR Cheat Sheet, BCAS Treatment Guidelines
Chest Pain Protocol
Contraindications
Nitro and/or ASA Procedure:
If pain persists … recheck contraindications and administer 2nd and 3rd Nitro doses waiting 3-5 minutes between doses
Nitro Contraindications
ASA Contraindications
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Soft Tissue Injury Worksheets – Due on Session 2
Internal Bleeding – Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…151-152
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Laceration – Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 186-197
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Abrasion – Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 186-197
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Avulsion Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 186-197
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Puncture - Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 186-197
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Scalp Injury - Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 243
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Cheek Injury - Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 243-245
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Eye Injury - Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 250
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Extruded Eyeball - Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 249
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Ear Injury - Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 250
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Mouth and Jaw Injuries - Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 250-251
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Infection - Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 189-191
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Diabetic Protocols - Due on Session 2
Fill in the Blanks
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 270-274, BCAS Treatment Guidelines, EMR Cheat Sheet
Guideline BCAS Treatment Guidelines
(BC EMALB) PAC NOSCP
(Red Cross Emergency Care Manual)
Minimum Systolic B.P. to give Nitro 90 mmHg 100 mmHg
Nitro Dose Frequency Every 3-5 minutes (Q3-5) Every 5 minutes (Q5)
Hyperglycaemia
Burn Percentage Calculations Lund & Browder Chart Rule of Nines
Burn Cooling On Scene 1-2 minutes Varies with extent of burns
CPR with Hypothermia Check Pulse for 30 seconds Check pulse for 45 seconds
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Diabetes – Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 270-274 and 281
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Seizures – Due on Session 2 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 274-276 and 284
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Teatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Session 3 Eight Signs and Symptoms of Head or Spinal Injury – Due on Session 3 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 230-233
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Label the Components of the Spinal Column – Due on Session 3 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 56
Name of Region How many Vertebrae in each Region
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Watch the Videos
Click the link…copy & paste…or type the address into your browser:
http://www.frontlinefirstaid.ca/first-aid--cpr-videos.html#cns
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Label the Components of the Spine – Due on Session 3 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 56
Frontline First Aid
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KED Strapping Sequence - Due on Session 3 Answers found in: EMR Cheat Sheet, KED Manual
Middle strap first
Baby
Black
Hot
Green
Spinal Grips - Due on Session 3 Name the Grip Pictured Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 72 and 237-238
Frontline First Aid
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Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Musculoskeletal Worksheets – Due on Session 3
Strain - Due on Session 3 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 210-211
Tissues Involved
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Sprain - Due on Session 3 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 209-210
Tissues Involved
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Fracture - Due on Session 3 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 208-206
Tissues Involved
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Dislocation - Due on Session 3 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 209
Tissues Involved
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Musculoskeletal Injuries – Due on Session 3
Principles of Splinting – Due on Session 3
Fill in the Blanks Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 211-216
R
I
C
E
To effectively immobilize an injured part, a splint must extend __________________ and ____________________ the
injury site.
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Session 4
CPR Techniques - Due on Session 4 Complete the Chart Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 141
Age Adult (over 8 years old) Child (1-8 years old) Infant (under 1 year old)
Hand Position
Compression Depth
Breathe
Cycle
Compression Rate
1 Rescuer
2 Rescuers
Treatable CPR - Due on Session 4 Complete the Chart Answers found in: EMR Cheat Sheet
Consult Medical Control
Tension Pneumothorax
Frontline First Aid
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Changing CPR Positions - Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 144
It is recommended that responders change every _____________________ ( _________________________ )
to maintain quality CPR.
Hypothermic CPR Patients - Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 139 and 310, EMR Cheat Sheet, BCAS Treatment Guidelines
According to the Emergency Care Manual…how long should you check a pulse before starting CPR if you suspect
Hypothermia? ________________
According to the BCAS Treatment Guidelines…how long should you check a pulse before starting CPR if you
suspect Hypothermia? ________________
When to Stop CPR - Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 138
1
2
3
4
Definitions - Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 138
Asystole
Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Fibrillation
In over 80% of all sudden cardiac arrests, the initial rhythm is _____________ or _____________, which are the only two
rhythms an AED will shock.
Frontline First Aid
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Do Not Resuscitate / No CPR forms - Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Do Not Resuscitate form, Emergency Care Manual…page 10
What does the acronym ASDM stand for?
A
S
D
M
What is the phone number for HealthLink BC? __________________________________
What information is included in the “Patient Identification” section of the No CPR Form?
Fill in the blanks:
Ensure that a copy of this form is easily available in ___________________________. If you and your dying relative /
friend are ________________________________________ for any reason, take the form _______________________
so it’s ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Frontline First Aid
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Pulmonary Edema – Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 104-105
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Pulmonary Embolism – Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 104-105
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Asthma – Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 102-105
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Pneumonia – Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 103-105
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 101-105
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Hypoxic Drive - Due on Session 4 Fill in the blanks Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 101-102
People with _______________________________ and / or _________________________ may eventually
develop a _____________________ to breathe.
In healthy individuals, the drive to breathe is from the amount of __________________________ in the blood.
People with ________________________ and / or __________________________ build up high levels of
_______________________ in the blood.
Due to the consistently high levels, the body looks to the __________________________________ to
determine the need to breathe.
If ______________________________ levels are low, the breathing rate increases.
In a person with ________________________ who has a true __________________________, increased
levels of _____________________ could signal the body to slow down or stop breathing entirely.
However this is rarely encountered in the field because EMS is usually called for a person who is
______________________________. In this case you should administer high-flow oxygen to the patient.
Frontline First Aid
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Anaphylaxis – Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 100-105
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Hyperventilation – Due on Session 4 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 105
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Assisted Ventilations and Rescue Breathing - Due on Session 4 Fill in the blanks
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 106-108 and 120, EMR Cheat Sheet
Assisted Ventilations
Problem Ventilation Rate
Adult Child / Infant
Timed between or
with patient’s
own breaths
Breathing too Fast
greater than ________ breaths per minute
1 breath
every
________seconds
1 breath
every
_______seconds
Breathing too Slow
less than _________ breaths per minute
Signs of ____________________
Signs of ____________________
Rescue Breathing
Problem Ventilation Rate
Adult Child / Infant
Respiratory Arrest…but PULSE ______________
1 breath every ___________ seconds
1 breath every ___________ seconds
Frontline First Aid
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Session 5 Trauma Worksheets – Due on Session 5
Amputation - Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 196
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Impaled Object - Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 196
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Possible Complications
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Pneumothorax/Hemothorax – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 256-258
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Flail Chest – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 255-256
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Crush Syndrome– Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 184-185
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Compartment Syndrome– Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 185
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Blast Injuries– Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 185
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual – pages 259-260
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Burns Worksheets – Due on Session 5
Superficial Burns – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 198-205
Areas Commonly
Affected
Depth of Tissues
Affected
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
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Partial Thickness Burns – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 198-205
Areas Commonly
Affected
Depth of Tissues
Affected
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
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Full Thickness Burns – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 198-205
Areas Commonly Affected
Depth of Tissues Affected
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Lund & Browder Burn Estimation Chart – Due on Session 5 Calculate Total Percentage Burned
Answers found in: EMR Cheat Sheet; Lund and Browder Burn Chart
Area Fill in the Age Percentages
0 (infant) 1 year 5 years 10 years 15 years Adult
A = half of head 6.5 %
B = half of one thigh 2.75% 4.5%
C = half of one lower leg
Record the burn percentages indicated for the 15 YEAR OLD patient in the Diagram above
Region Partial Thickness % Full Thickness %
Head
Neck
Anterior Trunk
Posterior Trunk
Right Arm
Left Arm
Buttocks
Genitalia
Right Leg
Left Leg
Total Burn %
Full Thickness
Full Thickness
Partial Thickness
Full Thickness
Partial Thickness Partial Thickness
Full Thickness
Frontline First Aid
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Rule of Nines Burn Estimation – Due on Session 5 Calculate Total Percentage Burned Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 200-201
Total Percentage Burned
Adult Shown Child Shown
Anterior and Posterior
Anterior
Anterior and Posterior
Distal to Clavicle
Proximal to Radius - Ulna
Anterior And
Posterior
Anterior
Distal to Patella
Posterior
Anterior
Frontline First Aid
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Burn Protocols – Due on Session 5
Fill in the Blanks Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 198-205, BCAS Treatment Guidelines, EMR Cheat Sheet
Guideline BCAS Treatment Guidelines
(BC EMALB) PAC NOSCP
(Red Cross Emergency Care Manual)
Minimum Systolic B.P. to give Nitro 90 mmHg 100 mmHg
Nitro Dose Frequency Every 3-5 minutes (Q3-5) Every 5 minutes (Q5)
Hyperglycaemia 11 mmol or higher 8 mmol or higher
Burn Percentage Calculations
Burn Cooling On Scene
CPR with Hypothermia Check Pulse for 30 seconds Check pulse for 45 seconds
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Poisons Worksheets – Due on Session 5
How Poisons Enter the Body – Due on Session 5 List 3 examples of each method Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 288
Ingestion
Inhalation
Absorption
Injection
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Commonly Misused and Abused Substances – Due on Session 5 Fill in the blanks Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 296-298
List 4 types of commonly Misused and Abused Substances
Potential Signs and Symptoms of Substance Abuse or Misuse
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 111 of 178
Spider Bites – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 292
Examples
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
More Advanced
Care If:
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 112 of 178
Marine Life – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 292-293
Examples
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
More Advanced
Care If:
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 113 of 178
Ticks – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 294-295
Description
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
More Advanced
Care If:
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 114 of 178
Snakes – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 293
Examples
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
More Advanced
Care If:
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 115 of 178
Hanta Virus – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 291
Sources
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
More Advanced
Care If:
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Misused and Abused Substances Worksheets – Due on Session 5
Stimulant – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 297-299
Examples
Mechanism and Routes
Effects
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment and
Approach Options
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 117 of 178
Hallucinogen – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 297-299
Examples
Mechanism and Routes
Effects
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment and
Approach Options
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 118 of 178
Depressant – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 297-299
Examples
Mechanism and Routes
Effects
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment and
Approach Options
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 119 of 178
Designer Drugs – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 298-299
Examples
Mechanism and Routes
Effects
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment and
Approach Options
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 120 of 178
Hypothermia Worksheets – Due on Session 5
Mild Hypothermia – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 307-310
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Interventions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 121 of 178
Moderate Hypothermia – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 307-310
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 122 of 178
Severe Hypothermia – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 307-310
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 123 of 178
Frostbite Worksheets – Due on Session 5
Frost Nip – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 308
Areas Commonly
Affected
Depth of Tissues
Affected
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Frostbite – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 308-309
Areas Commonly
Affected
Depth of Tissues
Affected
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 125 of 178
Hyperthermia Worksheets – Due on Session 5
Heat Cramps – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 305-307
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 126 of 178
Heat Exhaustion – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 305-307
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 127 of 178
Heat Stroke – Due on Session 5 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 305-307
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 128 of 178
Session 6
Drip Set Calculations - Due on Session 6 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 169, EMR Cheat Sheet
Drip Set Sizes
gtts = “drips”
ml = “milliliters”
gtts / ml = “how many drips add up to one milliliter”
Standard (Regular) 15 gtts / ml
Macro (Adult) 10 gtts / ml
Micro (Mini) 60 gtts / ml
gtts / minute (drips per minute) = volume (expressed in milliliters) to be infused X gtts / ml
Infusion time (expressed in minutes)
Calculate gtts (Drips) per minute needed to meet the required infusion rate:
Eg…Calculate drips per minute required for a Macro (Adult) sized Drip Set to infuse 380 ml/hour
380 ml x 10 gtts/ml = 60 minutes
3,800 = 60
63 drips per minute to infuse 380 ml over an hour* *(this would work out to roughly 1 drip every second)
Calculate drips per minute required for a Micro (Mini) sized Drip Set to infuse 150 ml/hour
Calculate drips per minute required for a Standard (Regular) sized Drip Set to infuse 200 ml/hour
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 129 of 178
IV Complications Worksheets – Due on Session 6
Circulatory Overload – Due on Session 6 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 170-172
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Interventions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 130 of 178
Catheter Embolism– Due on Session 6 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 170-172
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Interventions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 131 of 178
Allergic Reaction – Due on Session 6 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 170-172
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Interventions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 132 of 178
Interstitial Swelling – Due on Session 6 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 170-172
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Interventions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 133 of 178
Thrombosis and Thrombophlebitis – Due on Session 6 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 170-172
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Interventions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 134 of 178
Site Infection – Due on Session 6 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 170-172
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Interventions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 135 of 178
Pharmacology Worksheets – Due on Session 6
Bromide – Due on Session 6
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 162
Trade Name: Ipratropium Bromide Generic Name(s):
Classification
Mechanism
Indications
Contraindications
Precautions
Adverse Effects
Doses
Routes of Administration
Onset
Peak Effects
Duration
DosageForms / Packaging
Notes
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 136 of 178
Adrenaline - Due on Session 6
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 162-163
Trade Name: Epinephrine Hydrochloride Generic Name(s):
Classification
Mechanism
Alpha Effects
Beta Effects
Indications
Contraindications
Precautions
Adverse Effects
Doses
Routes of Administration
Onset
Peak Effects
Duration
Notes
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 137 of 178
Nitrous Oxide - Due on Session 6
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 164-165, EMR Cheat Sheet
Trade Name(s): Generic Name(s):
Classification
Mechanism
Indications
Contraindications
Precautions
Adverse Effects
Doses
Notes
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 138 of 178
Salbutamol - Due on Session 6
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 166
Trade Name(s): Generic Name(s):
Classification
Mechanism
Indications
Contraindications
Precautions
Adverse Effects
Doses
Routes of Administration
Onset
Duration
Metabolism
Notes
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 139 of 178
Routes of Drug Administration - Due on Session 6 Fill in the blanks
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 167
Enteral administration of drugs includes the following routes
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 140 of 178
Parenteral administration of drugs includes the following routes:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Entonox Administration - Due on Session 6 Fill in the blanks
Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 164, EMR Cheat Sheet
Entonox Contraindications - Acronym
D
I
V
I
N
E
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Entonox Protocol (EMR Cheat Sheet)
Indications
Rule out Contraindications
Cautions
Completed before administration
Proper Storage
Instructions to Patient
o
o
o
o
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Sager Traction Splint – Due on Session 6
Fill in the Blanks Answers found in: EMR Cheat Sheet, Sager Instruction Manual
Sager Traction Splint
Suspected Fracture of Femur, Tibia or Fibula
Assess injured leg
Apply Traction
o
o
o
o
Secure Splint
Reassess Injury
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 143 of 178
Session 7
Congestive Heart Failure – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 133-134
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Right-sided heart failure usually occurs due to _____________________________________________________
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 144 of 178
Sudden Illness Worksheets – Due on Session 7
Appendicitis – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 276-277 and 280
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 145 of 178
Peptic Ulcers – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 278 and 284
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 146 of 178
Gastroenteritis – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 277 and 282
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 147 of 178
Bowel Obstruction – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 277 and 280
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 148 of 178
Kidney Stones – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 278 and 283
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 149 of 178
Urinary Tract Infection – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 278 and 285
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 150 of 178
Fainting (Syncope) – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 270 and 281
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 151 of 178
Peritonitis – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 278 and 284
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 152 of 178
High Altitude Sickness Worksheets – Due on Session 7
Acute Mountain Sickness – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 379-380 and 382-383
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 153 of 178
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 379-380 and 382-383
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 154 of 178
High Altitude Cerebral Edema – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 379-380 and 382-383
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 155 of 178
Behavioural and Psychotic Emergencies Worksheets – Due on Session 7
Psychosis – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 327-332
Category
Causes
Typical Behaviours
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment / Approach Options
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 156 of 178
Anxiety – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 328-332
Category
Causes
Typical Behaviours
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment / Approach Options
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 157 of 178
Depression – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 328-332
Category
Causes
Typical Behaviours
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment / Approach Options
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 158 of 178
Schizophrenia – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 328-332
Category
Causes
Typical Behaviours
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment / Approach Options
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 159 of 178
Childbirth Complications Worksheets – Due on Session 7
Miscarriage – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 338
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 160 of 178
Third Trimester Bleeding – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 339
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 161 of 178
Multiple Births – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 340-341
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 162 of 178
Breech Birth – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 340
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 163 of 178
Prolapsed Cord – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 339-340
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 164 of 178
Ectopic Pregnancy – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 339
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 165 of 178
Limb Presentation – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 341
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 166 of 178
Premature Labour – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 338-339
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 167 of 178
Post-Partum Bleeding – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 341
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 168 of 178
APGAR - Due on Session 7
Fill in the Blanks Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 342, EMR Cheat Sheet
APGAR
0 1 2
Activity
100 bpm or higher
Grimace
Body/Extremities Blue/Pale
____________ is “Normal … __________is “Fairly Low” … __________ is “Critically Low”
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
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Special Populations Worksheets – Due on Session 7
Infant – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 315-321 and 341-342
Significant Differences from Adults
Vulnerabilities
On Scene Challenges
On Scene Solutions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 170 of 178
Child – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 315-321
Significant Differences from Adults
Vulnerabilities
On Scene Challenges
On Scene Solutions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 171 of 178
Adolescent – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 315-321
Significant Differences from Adults
Vulnerabilities
On Scene Challenges
On Scene Solutions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 172 of 178
Older Adult – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 322-325
Significant Differences from Adults
Vulnerabilities
On Scene Challenges
On Scene Solutions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 173 of 178
Physically or Mentally Disabled – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 324-327
Significant Differences
from Average Population
Vulnerabilities
On Scene Challenges
On Scene Solutions
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 174 of 178
Crisis Intervention Worksheet – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 331-332
Possible Causes of Emotional
Distress
Possible Effects of Emotional
Distress
Pre-Incident Management
Strategies
Ongoing Incident
Management Strategies
Post-Incident Management
Strategies
Personal and Professional
Coping Resources
Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYG0ZuTv5rs
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 175 of 178
Communications Worksheets – Due on Session 7
Medical Director – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…pages 11-14
6 key pieces of information to
relay to Medical Director
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 176 of 178
Transportation Worksheets – Due on Session 7
Safe Vehicle Operations – Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…page 369
6 Factors that influence safe
driving operation
Frontline First Aid
EMR Study Guide
2015/08/10 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected] Page 177 of 178
Triage / Multiple Casualty Incidents Due on Session 7 Answers found in: Emergency Care Manual…360-366
Patient appearance. Injuries or circumstances apparent upon approach
Primary Survey Findings
Triage Decision
Immediate Delayed Minor Dead / Non
Salvageable
All patients listed below are found at the same bus crash scene
Adult male with a 1.5 foot piece of rebar sticking out of their chest.
LOC Alert
Radial Pulse Present
Respirations Normal and Adequate
3 year old female with their right foot amputated below the malleolus. Bleeding controlled.
LOC Alert
Radial Pulse Present
Respirations Normal and Adequate
12 year old male. No apparent injuries.
LOC Unresponsive
Radial Pulse Present
Respirations Normal and Adequate
Adult male with deadly bleeding from a deep laceration on the left leg.
LOC Alert
Radial Pulse Absent
Respirations Normal and Adequate
Adult female. No apparent injuries
LOC Alert
Radial Pulse Absent
Respirations Normal and Adequate
Adult male with severe deformity at the right elbow. Bone protruding from right forearm
LOC Alert
Radial Pulse Present
Respirations Normal and Adequate
Elderly male. No apparent injuries
LOC Verbal Responsiveness
Radial Pulse Present
Respirations Normal and Adequate
Adult female. Pale and sweaty with severe chest pain radiating into the left jaw and arm.
LOC Alert
Radial Pulse Present.
Respirations Normal and Adequate
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Adolescent male. No apparent injuries. Complaining of asthma.
LOC Alert
Radial Pulse Present
Respirations Rapid and ineffective
8.5 month pregnant female. No apparent injuries.
LOC Unresponsive
Radial Pulse Absent
Respirations Absent