emergence of civilization unit 1 civilization. emergence of civilization civitas - latin word...
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Emergence of Civilization CIVITAS - Latin word meaning 'cities‘
Emerges at the end of the Neolithic era
First Civilizations develops in four different areas independently of each other.
5 Characteristics of Civilization
1- Surplus of Food
2- Complex Institutions More complex government and religions High level of cooperation for the good of the
group Technology Advances
3- Division of Labor - Specialized workers Specialized skills & occupations Creates a class of skilled worked called Artisans Merchants and Traders
5 Characteristics of Civilization
4- Writing - Record Keeping Priests were the first to start using marks or drawings
which evolved into writing Needed to keep track of when to do important ceremonies
and rituals to keep the gods happy A sacrifice at the wrong time could ruin a crop Scribes - Those who mastered the writing and reading of
the symbols – Keep Secretive Government
Births, deaths, taxes Ownership, marriages, business contracts, etc..
Became a way to pass down traditions, learning, wisdom, information, ideas and religious beliefs
Characteristics of Civilization
5- Calendar Needed to know when river would flood Time from flood to flood was a year
Time from full moon to next full moon was a month
Not completely accurate – about 11 days off
GROWTH OF CITIES4 Areas of the world develop independently of each
other1. Valley of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers - Middle East2. Valley of the Nile River in Africa – Egypt3. Indus River Valley in South Asia – India4. Yellow River Valley East Asia - China
• All Develop around Rivers• Fertile soil
• Rivers consistently flood every year• Bring moisture to the land• Can be used for Transportation and food
• Fish and animals
GROWTH OF CITIES – Govt.
• Construction projects increased• Need to be Organized
• Clear land for farming• Irrigation systems for dry times of the
year• Temples and palaces• Defense of cities from invaders
- increased size and power of government
Religion POLYTHEISTIC - Belief in many Gods and
Goddesses that control the forces of nature Believed in spirits Believed that the Gods controlled forces of
nature sacrifices to win gods favor
peace, good harvests, rainfall, etc. Priests gained power
carried out the rituals positions in the governments
Religion THEOCRACY - Government controlled by a
church or religion Military leaders - increased in power
worked with priests Defense against enemies Became judges, made laws, supervised
building projects Collected taxes - earliest system of
taxation Labor for construction projects Part of harvest Used to pay for government and building projects
Economy and Society Technology was important
made work easier, faster and more efficient Bronze Age - Vessels, tool, weapons, longer lasting Farming improved
Develop use of irrigation through ditches and canals Fewer farms needed Excess food used for trading with merchants for goods
Barter Economy - Trading goods or services for something you need
Creates a demand for more specialized skills and goods Still used to some extent today
Social structure starts to change Social Classes - Defines a persons place in society Movement between classes
THEN --> No movement – born there die there NOW --> Movement is possible but still hard
Social Classes Kids generally took over
parents profession or occupation
Artisans - People with a specialized skill or trade Skilled Craftsperson
Indentured Servants - People working off debts
Important Point to Note Although civilization developed in
different areas and at different times there was still limited contact between them Trading Migration Wars Brought a spread of ideas, skills, and a
diversity of culture – Cultural Diffusion