emerald ash borer: the basics jodie ellis department of entomology purdue university
TRANSCRIPT
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Emerald Ash Borer: The Basics
Jodie Ellis Department of Entomology Purdue University
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Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Bupestridae)
½ inch
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In North America, EAB is a Primary Pest of North American ash trees, attacking and killing healthy ash trees within 1-3 years.
It is estimated that EAB has killed nearly 30 million ash trees in North America so far.
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EAB’s Native Range
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In Asia:1. EAB has co-evolved with Asian ash trees.
2. There are natural enemies and pathogens that keep EAB levels low.
In North America:1.EAB has NOT co-evolved with North American
ash trees.
2. North American natural enemies and pathogens don’t recognize EAB.
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How Does EAB Harm
Trees?
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•Newly hatched larvae bore through bark and feed on the tree’s vascular tissue.
•As they grow, larvae zigzag through tree tissue, leaving S-shaped tunnels that are flat and wide.
Frass
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Heavy EAB infestations kill ash trees quickly – within 1 to 3 years.
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Types of ash (Fraxinus spp.) attacked by EAB:
Green ash
White ash
Black ash
Blue ash
All native North American ash and all horticultural
cultivars of ash are vulnerable to EAB.
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EAB Risk Map
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• Natural spread of EAB is local (~ 1/2 mile per year).
• Artificial or human-assisted spread moves the beetle much farther and faster in a less predictable manner.
How EAB Spreads
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Since EAB arrived here, it has been moved in:
• firewood
• raw wood with bark
• dunnage and crating for heavy goods
• nursery stock
• lumber and wood with bark attached
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Signs and Symptoms of
EAB
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The canopy continues to decline until the tree
eventually dies.
Thinning of Upper Third of Canopy
James W. Smith
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Develop below dying portions of
the trunk.
Epicormic Shoots
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D-Shaped Exit Holes
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S-Shaped Larval Feeding Galleries
Frass-filled, zigzagging tunnels.
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Vertical Splits in Bark
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Woodpecker activity is an ‘early warning sign’ of EAB.
Woodpecker Activity
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Where Is EAB?
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The red dots indicate sites where EAB has been detected.
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How Do We Know Where EAB
Is?
The Old-Fashioned Way: Preparing an EAB detection tree
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Purple Panel Traps
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This year, USDA APHIS set out over 60,000 purple panel traps in 48 states.
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Quarantines
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State and Federal Level Quarantines
Quarantines at both State and Federal levels are designed to slow the movement of regulated ash material that might contain EAB to uninfested areas.
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Regulated Items
– The living insect itself
– Entire ash trees
– Ash limbs, branches
– Cut firewood (ANY TYPE except pine)
– Logs or untreated ash lumber with bark
– Uncomposted ash chips greater than 1 inch in diameter
– Any article presenting risk of spread
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State Level Quarantines
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The Federal Level Quarantine
USDA APHIS PPQ prohibits the movement of ash material including all types of hardwood firewood out of any quarantined state or area.
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Under the Federal quarantine, regulated ash material may not be freely moved between quarantined states, even when they are contiguous to each other.
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Violations of EAB quarantines may result in severe penalties including heavy fines, and in severe cases, criminal charges.
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For More Information
On EAB
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For Regional Information on EAB, visit:
www.emeraldashborer.info
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www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info
For Information on EAB from USDA APHIS, visit:
or call toll-free
1-866 322-4512
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Questions?