embodied carbon in construction march 2010

7/28/2019 Embodied Carbon in Construction March 2010

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whitbybird

EMBODIED CARBON INCONSTRUCTION


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global and local

over 8,000 employees

200 offices

20 countries

11 offices in the UK and Ireland

Ramboll is a leading engineering, design and consultancy company at the forefront of

innovation. From across 200 offices we apply our engineering skills and passion to a wide

range of projects in the UK and around the world.

LOCATIONS


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Start at the end

operational CO2 vs embodied CO2

Schools operational CO2 emissions

CIBSE Guide F 31 kgCO2/m2/yr

CIBSE TM46 45 kgCO2/m2/yr

Part L 2006 25 kgCO2/m2/yr

Schools embodied CO2

New build 500 kgCO2/m2

year 1

OperationalCO2

Embodied

CO2

year 10

OperationalCO2

Embodied

CO2

year 20

OperationalCO2

Embodied

CO2


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How does embodied CO2 compare?

as our buildings become more energy efficient


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Embodied carbon

in the press


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Phase change materialsCement

replacement

Thermal mass

Lime mortar

15% construction waste

Unfired/compressed earth bricks

Carbon negative timber

Magnesium oxide cement Post tensioned concrete

Bubbledeck concrete

Lean engineeringRammed earth

Modern methods of

construction

Cement production 5% of

global CO2 emissions

Construction 10% of

UK CO2 emissions

Definition of Embodied Energy/CO2

and some initial thoughts

Energy/CO2 required to extract, process, fabricate, transport and erectmaterials on site

Hemp lime construction

Re-cycle and re-use

Adaptable buildings


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So how much material do we use?

in construction

Concrete

23,5m tonnes of ready mixed concrete in 2007

0,3m tonnes of rebar in 2007

Steel

1,4m tonnes of constructional steelwork produced in the UK in 2007

Brick/Block

38m of clay bricks used and produced in the UK in 2007 99m of concrete blocks/bricks used and produced in the UK in 2007

Timber

10,5m m3 of sawn wood used in the UK in 2006

6,7m m3 of wood based panels used in the UK in 2006

Summary

400m tonnes of construction material used annually

90m tonnes of construction waste annually (of which approximately

50% is re-cycle as aggregate)


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office buildings

Statistics

32,500m2 NIA or GIA?

Embodied 765 kgCO2/m2

Operation 60 90 kgCO2/m2


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residential buildings

Statistics

3 bed house 20 40 tCO2

Embodied 300 675 kgCO2/m2

Operation 30 50 kgCO2/m2 ?


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school buildings

Statistics

2 different structure solutions


Operation 25 - 35 kgCO2/m2

-

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

U-beam school Deltabeam school

tCO2e/m2

End of Life

Maintenance

Onsite Activities

Delivery

Raw Materials

-10%

0.579

0.523

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

U-beam school Deltabeam school

tCO 2e/m2

End of Life

Maintenance

Onsite Activities

Delivery

Raw Materials

66% 65%

4%3%

14% 13%

14%13%

5%5%

2.070 2.003

0.5790.523

-

0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

U -b eam sch ool De lt ab eam schoo l

tCO2e/m 2

Embodied

Operational

-5%2.648

2.527

78.2% 79.3%

21.8% 20.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

U -b eam schoo l De lt abeam sch ool

tC O2e/ m2

Embodied

Operational


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school buildings

Steel industry research

22.5m 10,000m2


Operation 27 kgCO2/m2

Structure 10% cost, 60% CO2


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Ramboll and UoC study

Peterborough School

975m2 Sportshall and Studio

Timber LCA -40tCO2

Steel LCA 220tCO2

Embodied CO2 of structure only


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Drivers

lots to read


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The Government Departments

all in on the act

www.decc.gov.uk

Department for Energy and Climate Change

The UK Low Carbon Transition Plan July 2009

www.communities.gov.uk/planningandbuilding/theenvironment

Communities and Local Government

Building a Greener Future July 2007

Code for Sustainable Homes Consultations on definition of zero carbon

EPCs and DECs

www.zerocarbonhub.org

www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/sectors/construction

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills

Strategy for Sustainable Construction June 2008

Construction Innovation and Growth Team


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Zero carbon timetable

is it possible?

2016

All new homes

2018 All new public sector buildings

2019

All new buildings


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Embodied CO2 and policy / regulation

what is coming?


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Recent studies on embodied CO2

ODA


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Telford Homes / Waugh Thistleton Architects

Solid timber construction, 180tCO2 stored

29 apartments, operational CO2 29kgCO2/m2

10% renewables obligation waived by Hackney

Embodied CO2 off settings renewables

Stadthaus, Hackney


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More action

more to read


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BREEAM, CfSH and BRE

status of materials


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BRE GREEN GUIDE TO SPECIFICATIONstatus of materials

Embodied CO2 figures given

Floors -18 to 150 kgCO2/m2

Roofs -4 to 290 kgCO2/m2

External walls -3 to 370 kgCO2/m2


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Strategic Forum for Constructionaspirations


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Calculate your own embodied CO2what is out there?

Industry claims

Steel (SCI) 762 kgCO2/t

RC (Concrete Centre) 115 kgCO2/t

Timber (Wood for Good) -900 kgCO2/t


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Calculate your own embodied CO2what is out there?

Edinburgh Centre for CarbonManagement

Steel 2300 kgCO2/t

RC 250 kgCO2/t

Timber -1000 kgCO2/t

Bath University ICE Steel 1440 kgCO2/t

RC 210 kgCO2/t

Timber 390 kgCO2/t


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-800kg

CO2

+275kg

CO2

+800kg

CO2

2500KWhr

1m3

+275kg

CO2

+300kgCO2

+700kgCO2

2500KWhr

1m3

+1000kgCO2

Sequestered CO2 and TimberTimber and concrete 1m3 analysis


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Combating Climate Changea role for UK forests

UK Forestry Commission report

UK Woodland could provide 10% GHG abatement.

Scottish forests remove 12% of CO2 emissions.

UK forest carbon sink reducing from 16mtCO2 in

2004 to 5mtCO2 in 2020.

Wood fuel potential to save 7mtCO2 in UK.

Estimated 70mtCO2 stored in timber housing in UK.

Stern review and UK Low carbon transition plan

recognise woodland creation as cost effective.


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Embodied CO2related to structural performance

But..60kgCO2 stored in timber beam

Timber beam 15kgCO2

Concrete beam 50kgCO2

Steel beam 60kgCO2


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In summarywhere are we with embodied CO2?

DIY

Using Bath University ICE

BRE Green Guide to Specification Link to BREEAM

Specialist consultants

Dcarbon8, ECCM, Davis Langdon etc.

but no embodied CO2 regulation at present or in foreseeable future


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Reducing embodied carbonand advice and case studies


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Reducing embodied carbonwhere to concentrate

Structure

50%-60%


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Reducing embodied carbonin building structures

Lean design

Re-cycled materials

Renewable materials

Minimise waste

Design for long life

Holistic design


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Lean design

Re-cycled materials

Renewable materials

Minimise waste


Holistic design


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MOSSBOURNE ACADEMY

Exposed timber frame

22.5m new build secondary school

960m3 timber, 800t CO2 stored

Equivalent to 10% renewables for 20 years?


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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT


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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Timber concrete composite floors

Direct competition to steel frame?

3x stiffer and 2x stronger

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE


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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

Exposed timber frame

10m new build faculty of education




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Reducing embodied carbon


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Lean design

Re-cycled materials

Renewable materials

Minimise waste


Holistic design

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY


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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY

Physics for Medicine

Exposed concrete frame teaching and labs

Low Carbon concrete mix

Equivalent to 3% renewables over 20 years?

Reducing embodied carbon


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gin building structures

Lean design

Re-cycled materials

Renewable materials

Minimise waste


Holistic design

NORWICH ACADEMY


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UKs largest timber frame

22m new build secondary school




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NORWICH ACADEMY


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ST JOHN FISHER SCHOOL


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Solid timber panel construction

11m extension and refurbishment




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in building structures

Lean design

Re-cycled materials

Renewable materials

Minimise waste


Holistic design

SHEFFIELD UNIVERSITY


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Hybrid concrete system

17m new build LRC using bubbledeck

110,000 balls 550m3 of RC saved or 175t CO2



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g

Lean design

Re-cycled materials

Renewable materials Minimise waste


Holistic design

1 SOUTHAMPTON ROW


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Innovative cassette raft

1500m3 concrete saved, 550tCO2

Long span steel structure 600t steel premium

Concrete 550tCO2 saving, steel 1150tCO2 gain


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Lean design

Re-cycled materials

Renewable materials Minimise waste


Holistic design

BGS, NOTTINGHAM


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UKs first timber termodeck building

5m new build offices




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Lean design

Post tension concrete

Suitable floor spans

Re-cycled materials Cement replacement

Renewable materials

Timber structures

Minimise waste Prefabrication


Low maintenance, adaptable

Reduction in concrete and rebar

Approx 23% saving in ECO2

Approx 33 kgCO2/m2

Reduction is steel content


Approx 62 kgCO2/m2

Reduction in cement content


Approx 46 kgCO2/m2

Carbon negative?

Approx 32% (205)saving in ECO2

Approx 52 (335) kgCO2/m2


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embodied carbon in construction march 2010

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