embedding young learners into the information society
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Evolutionary and Swarm Computing for scaling up the Semantic Web
Embedding young learners
into the information society
Christophe Guret (@cgueret)and, among others, Victor de Boer, Stefan Schlobach, Philippe Cudr-Mauroux, Anna Bon
OCLC meetingLeiden, December 6, 2012
What are we going to talk about?
The mission of One Laptop per Child (OLPC)
The learning environment Sugar
Data management issues within Sugar
One Laptop Per Child (OLPC)
Based on the slides from Walter Bender ([email protected])
BNAIC 2012
The numbers
2,000,000+ children with XOs
1,000,000,000 children w/o XO
$200 price and falling
0 deployment running Windows
150+ language projects
40+ countries
500+ Sugar activities
BNAIC 2012
Our challenge: giving every child an opportunity to learn
BNAIC 2012
OLPC Antarctica
BNAIC 2012
Our mission
Develop (and deploy) a low-cost laptop in order to revolutionize how we educate the world's children
BNAIC 2012
Origins: Senegal in 1983
BNAIC 2012
Going to scale
BNAIC 2012
Price is only one factor
BNAIC 2012
Very local collaboration
BNAIC 2012
A culture
The context of human development is always a culture and not an isolated technology.Seymour Papert
BNAIC 2012
Why do we care about learning?
Education is a fundumental human right and a key to human social and economic development.
BNAIC 2012
What motivates learning?
Not carrots or sticks, but rather:autonomy,mastery, anda sense of purpose.
BNAIC 2012
Is a laptop a good tool for learning?
A laptop makes learning more flexible: Children learn by teaching and actively helping each other; the teacher is free to focus expertise where it is needed.
BNAIC 2012
OLPC principles
Child ownership
Young ages
Saturation
Connection
Free Software (Libre)
BNAIC 2012
Additional requirements
Integration into studies
Teacher training
Community outreach and engagement
Core team which can appropriate the project
BNAIC 2012
How is the XO used for learning?
Learning is a verb: ergo, the OLPC strategy includes engaging the learner in design, problem solving, collaborative work, integration of technology and creativity, interdisciplinary work, decision making and learning outside the classroom.
BNAIC 2012
How is the XO used for learning?
Children engage in project-based learning: a research topic, theme, issue or challenge that allows children to think critically, collaborate with peers, teachers and the community to express and form opinions.
BNAIC 2012
What about evaluation?
Educational communities have come to understand that standardized testswhile important to stakeholdersis not the only dimension for measuring impact.
BNAIC 2012
What about evaluation?
Other factors such as problem-solving ability,
critical thinking,
use of multiple sources of information,
reflection and communication skills using multiple media,
team and individual work,
and self development
are the new dimensions to measure impact.
BNAIC 2012
An example from Uruguay
BNAIC 2012
Solving problems
BNAIC 2012
What is next for OLPC? XO 4.0
2 Watts
Sunlight readable display
Webcam
Touch-enabled (Q4 2012)
Accelerometer
Light sensor
Microphone
User-defined sensors
BNAIC 2012
Sugar
Based on the slides from Walter Bender and Bernie Innocenti ([email protected], [email protected])
BNAIC 2012
What is Sugar?
Sugar is a software for learning that promotes creativity, collaboration, reflection, and critical thinking.
The first user interface based on both cognitive and social constructivism.
BNAIC 2012
Learning to read
BNAIC 2012
Reading ebooks
eBook server!BNAIC 2012
Learning to count with an Abacus
BNAIC 2012
Everyone is a teacher and a learner
Regardless of age
Activities
A Sugar Activity combines the old concepts of document and application into a single object.
Activities can be easily shared between neighbouring computers.
View Source button
Easy to change
def _calculate_position(self, radius, icon_size, index, count): width, height = self.box.get_allocation() angle = index * (math.pi / (6 + index / 12)) - math.pi / 2 radius = ((radius - _MIN_RADIUS) * (index * 1.1) / count) + _MIN_RADIUS x = radius * math.cos(angle) + (width - icon_size) / 2 y = radius * math.sin(angle) + (height - icon_size - style.GRID_CELL_SIZE) / 2 return x, y
def _calculate_position(self, radius, icon_size, index, count): width, height = self.box.get_allocation() angle = index * (2 * math.pi / count) - math.pi / 2 x = radius * math.cos(angle) + (width - icon_size) / 2 y = radius * math.sin(angle) + (height - icon_size - style.GRID_CELL_SIZE) / 2 return x, y
Network centric
Interface
Collaboration
No Internet needed
Peer-to-peer learning
1-click sharing
Easy activity sharing
No Internet needed
Peer-to-peer learning
1-click sharing
Full-text search
Auto-saved work
Assessment tool
Place of reflection
Portfolio
Journal
Sugar on an XO... or anything else
Connecting the XO to the data World
Data production/consumption
Data? What data?Content of the Journal
Social interactions
External data useful for teaching
All best stored locally on the XO and served from itMainly used in mesh contexts
1-1 mapping between the device and a user
Data sharing capabilities
Essentially synchronous: an activity need to be shared at the same time
No remote access to internal data
Limited internal data sharing across activities
Limited internal model for storing data
Data consumption capabilities
Web browser and activities with off-line data dumps
Data fetched has to be fitted into a Journal entry or in a custom, sandboxed, solution
More flexibility with SemanticXO
Linked-Data based data management stackEverything stored as triples
Use SPARQL for all data manipulations
Provide activity developers with an API toStore graphs with labelled edges
Copy locally structured data fetched from the Web
Share graphs with other SemanticXO enabled devices
All operations are done either locally or remotely
Example: Hello world!
from semanticxo import graphstore
graph_store = graphstore.get_instance()
graph = graph_store.create_graph()
msg = graph.create_resource(category='Hello')
msg.add("message", "Hello world")
graph.add_share(util.public_uri())
graph_store.persist_graph(graph)
Example: Spam the class room!
from semanticxo import graphstore, addressbookfrom semanticxo.graphstore import GraphStore
gs = graphstore.get_instance()
graph = gs.create_graph()msg = graph.create_resource(category='Hello')msg.add("message", "Spam!")
contacts = addressbook.get_neighbours()
for host in contacts.itervalues():remote_gs = GraphStore(hostname=host)remote_gs.persist(graph)
Status
SemanticXO is usable and usedAlternative Journal back-end
3 sample activities
Tested on a couple of XOs in a mesh
Some limitationsWon't scale much in its current state
Impossible to de-reference resources
Idea: data sharing for libraries
Combine digital management with physical libraries
List of books to borrow,ratings, quotes, ...
The de-referencing issue
Edges of the graphs are attached to node with URIs
Two ways to get the data:Send a SPARQL query
Access the URI asking for RDF
None of existing solution is really fit => work on the project WikiReg
?
?
?
WikiReg
Research supported by VeriSign Inc.
Entity registry for poorly connected environments
Target functionalitiesWork on-line and off-line
Use very few resources
Every node can contribute to describing any resource
For more information
Blogshttps://worldwidesemanticweb.wordpress.com
http://semweb4u.wordpress.com/
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