Emancipation Proclamation:

• Document that frees the slaves in the south only

•Freed all slaves in states in rebellion

against the US

•Did not apply to slaves in

border states fighting for US

•No affect on southern areas already under US control.

•War was NOW fought to end slavery. •US soldiers were “Freedom Fighters”

Black troops

•Over 200,000 freed slaves fought for the US…..

•Famous 54th Black Regiment of Massachusetts which was organized by Frederick Douglass…..

Impact on Future Conflicts

• Expanding battlefield due to new technology.• Defense is favored.

– fortification.• Beginnings of trend toward dispersal and increased

“individual” combat.• Shift to Total War

– Whole government had to be removed for success.– Civil and military “targets”.

• Sherman’s March to the Sea.– Emancipation Proclamation.

Why did the North win?

• In an essay some years ago, Richard Current suggested that "God was on the side of the heaviest battalions," but is that a complete explanation?

• What other factors contributed to the outcome? Bring together these factors, and, after a careful analysis, determine why the North did win.

During the war Lincoln breaks the law!

Closed “rebel” newspapers: Violated 1st amendment rights of “free speech and press”.

Suspends the writ of habeas corpus: Protects from unfair arrest and trial by jury.

Arrested over 15,000 civilians: Without “probable cause”---suspicious “Rebel” sympathizers.

Occupation of Baltimore: Controlled by military---- “martial law”

On April 14, 1865, Booth shot President Lincoln while he was watching a play at Ford’s Theater.

Lincoln’s death

Sketch of Lincoln’s death

Lincoln’s death

Picture: Lincoln’s Assassination

•Lincoln’s 2nd Vice president

•Governor from confederate Tennessee

•Was a democrat, southern and unpopular

with Congress

•Lincoln chose him as his VP to help with the

South’s Reconstruction.

•Was the wrong man at the wrong time to be

president….

Reconstruction

The rebuilding of the South after the Civil war destroyed it.

How did the Civil War affect the south?

• Many cities in the south were destroyed, that had to be rebuilt. The war had a greater affect on the south.

Richmond Virginia- The former capitol of the Confederacy

What did the south look like?

What did the south look like? What did the south look like?

Reconstruction Plans

Lincoln’s Plan:

• "With malice toward none, with charity for all."

• He wanted to reunite the north and south

Lincoln/Johnson’s Plan:

• 10% Plan- Once ten percent of a southern state's 1860 voters had to take an oath of loyalty to rejoin the Union.

Radical Republicans:

• Northerners in Congress who wanted serious changes.

• Believed the South should be punished for starting the war.

Thaddeus Stevens Charles Summner

•Wanted to the see the South punished.

•Advocated help for Freedmen:

•Political Voting rights

•Social Schools

•Economic Equality Land, jobs (40 acres and a mule) Radical Republicans

Thaddeus Stevens Charles Summner

•Would go after President Johnson through the impeachment process after he vetoes

the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

Radical Republicans:

• 1.Blacks should vote. (radical idea)• 2.Wanted to take rich southerners property • 3. A majority (50%) of southerners must swear

loyalty.

2a. How did Lincoln’s plan differ from the Wade-Davis bill?

• Lincoln’s plan Forgiveness– Only 10% had to pledge loyalty to the union.

• Wade-Davis Revenge– 50% had to pledge loyalty

• No men who fought for the confederacy could run for office.

Jim Crow Laws:

• Similar to Black Codes, Jim Crow laws are also known as “Negro Laws” that segregate society or separate society by race.

Segregation

• Separating people of different races in public places. • (Jim Crow = segregation laws)

Segregation

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Examples of Jim Crow Laws

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Conservative Democrats

• Southerners who did not want change.• Many were former Confederate soldiers who

did not want Blacks to vote.

Conservative Democrats

• Many eventually become part of the Klu Klux Klan (KKK)

Conservative Democrats

• The KKK used terror tactics to keep blacks from voting.

Military Reconstruction Act of 1867Military Reconstruction Act of 1867

* To enforce Reconstruction laws in the south.

* Divided the south into 5 military districts.

Military Reconstruction Act

Freedman's Bureau

• Government agency designed to help the freed slaves

Freedman’s bureau school

Freedmen’s Bureau 2

Freedmen’s Bureau 3

Freedmen’s Bureau 4

Freedmen’s Bureau 5

Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes

Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes

Plenty to eat and

nothing to do.

13th 14th 15th

Reconstruction Amendments

Reconstruction Amendments

• 13th 14th 15th

Bans Slavery Citizenship Right to VoteSlavery is illegal in all states

Anyone born in the USA is a citizenGives Due process to all

Blacks can vote

• Southern response to the Reconstruction Amendments

Black Codes:

• State Laws in the south that limited the rights of freedman.

• Such as: • Forbidding their right to vote• Forbidding them to sit on juries

Black Codes:

• No right to bear arms• Banning them from certain jobs

Jim Crow Laws:

• Similar to Black Codes, Jim Crow laws are also known as “Negro Laws” that segregate society or separate society by race.

Segregation

• Separating people of different races in public places. • (Jim Crow = segregation laws)

Segregation

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Examples of Jim Crow Laws

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Segregation = Jim Crow laws

Poll Tax

• Forcing payment before voting.

Literacy Test

• Exam used to prevent people from voting

Grandfather Clause

• Law that stated if your grandfather could vote, you could vote.

Segregation

• The separation of races in public places.

Carpet Baggers

• Northerners who moved to the south to profit from the destruction of the war

Homer Plessy

• The man involved in the court case “Plessy vs. Ferguson” that declared Segregation was Legal.

Plessy V. Ferguson

• Mr. Plessy • 1/8 Black• 7/8 White • Road on a train in

Louisiana, was forced to sit in the segregated colored section.

Plessy V. Ferguson

• The Judge ruled that segregation is legal, but “Separate But Equal” Facilities must be provided.

Sharecropping

• A laborer works the land for the farmer who owns in in exchange for a share of the value of the crop.

Sharecroppers were Freedmen and poor Whites who stayed in

the South and continued to farm.

Freedmen signed a work contract with their former masters

.Picked cotton or whatever crop

the landowner had. Freedmen did not receive “40

acres and a mule”

Sharecroppers

Sharecroppers

Advantages Part of a business

ventureRaised their social status

Received 1/3 to 1/2 of crop when

harvestedRaised their self

esteem

DisadvantagesBlacks stay in

SouthSome landowners

refused to honor the contract

Blacks poor and in debt

Economic slavery

How did many Freedmen and whites become locked in a cycle of poverty?

• Sharecroppers bought farm supplies from landowners on credit, then shared the profits.

• They did not make enough to pay debts and had to keep working for the landowners to repay them.

Military Reconstruction Act

The election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877 are referred to as the Corrupt Bargain.

Three southern states withhold their electoral votes until Hayes agrees to pull the Union troops

out of the South.There is no protection for the Freedmen and

the South will regain their states and go back to the way it was.

Rutherford B. HayesRutherford B. Hayes Samuel TildenSamuel Tilden

369369 total electoral votes, need 185185 to win.

164

1876 Election

•Tilden did not receive enough electoral votes.

•Special Commission gives votes to Hayes.

•Hayes wins the election

•Democrats refuse to recognize Hayes

as President

*

*Disputed Electoral

votes

Agreement between Democrats and Republicans

•Hayes pulls the troops out of the

South.

•Southerners take over their state

governments called “REDEEMERS”

•Successes FreedmenFreedmen would be lost because

Southerners would take over their state

governments.

•Jim CrowJim Crow laws kept Blacks from voting

and becoming equal citizens.

Cartoon of Hayes: end of Reconst

Terror Tactics

KKK

• KKK• Lynching Victim

What factors contributed to the end of Reconstruction?

• 1. Northerners lost faith bc of government corruption

• 2. The election of 1876 Scandal! • 3. Democratic Candidates taking back the

south.

What methods did states use to deprive African Americans of their rights?

• Poll Taxes• Literacy Tests• Jim Crow (Segregation) laws• Grandfather Clause• KKK-Violence

What was the “New South” that was emerging by 1900?

• New south began to develop its own resources, setting up mills and factories to turn its resources into useful goods.

9/16 How Blacks were kept from Voting in the south

• 1. KKK• 2. Grandfather Clause• 3. Literacy Tests• 4. Poll Taxes

• KKK – Domestic terror group that sought to keep blacks from voting

Grandfather Clause-

• Law that stated if your grandfather could vote, you could vote.

• (No blacks before the 15th amendment could vote, so none after that could either)

Literacy Test:

• Exam used to prevent people from voting

Literacy Tests

Poll Taxes:

• Forcing payment before voting.