elsevier science (usa) items and derived items copyright © 2003, elsevier science (usa). all rights...

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Chapter 2Chapter 2

Introduction to the QuantitativeIntroduction to the QuantitativeResearch ProcessResearch Process


Nursing Process Research Process1. Assessment 1. Knowledge of the world

A. Data collection of nursingB. Data interpretation

2. Nursing diagnosis 2. Problem and purpose identification

3. Plan 3. MethodologyA. Goal identification A. DesignB. Planned interventions B. Sample

C. Measurement

Comparison of the Nursing Process and the Research ProcessComparison of the Nursing Process and the Research Process


Comparison of the Nursing Process and the Research Process (cont)Comparison of the Nursing Process and the Research Process (cont)

Nursing Process Research Process4. Implementation 4. Data collection and

analysis

5. Evaluation and 5. Outcomes and modification disseminating

findings


Types of Quantitative ResearchTypes of Quantitative Research

• Descriptive

• Correlational

• Quasi-experimental

• Experimental


Quantitative ResearchQuantitative Research

• Most common type of research

• Descriptive and correlational: used predominantly to generate nursing knowledge

• Quasi-experimental: increasing with testing of nursing interventions

• Experimental: infrequently conducted


Increased control

with type of study

Quantitative ResearchQuantitative Research

• Descriptive

• Correlational

• Quasi-experimental

• Experimental


Type of Study Conducted Type of Study Conducted

• Knowledge available on topic

• Expertise of researcher

– Replication versus original research

• Resources of researcher: funding

– Amount of funding

– Sources of funding


• Basic research

• Applied research• Rigor• Control

Concepts Relevant to Quantitative ResearchConcepts Relevant to Quantitative Research


Basic or Applied ResearchBasic or Applied Research

• Quantitative studies are basic or applied.

• Basic research: concerned with underlying mechanisms of an intervention, such as effect of pressure on tissues

• Applied research: concerned with effect of the intervention on the patient, such as turning patient to relieve pressure


Types of Research SettingsTypes of Research Settings

• Natural or field settings

• Partially controlled settings

• Highly controlled or laboratory settings


Steps of the Quantitative Research ProcessSteps of the Quantitative Research Process

• Research problem and purpose

• Literature review

• Study framework

• Objectives, questions, or hypotheses

• Study variables


Steps of the Quantitative Research Process (con’t)Steps of the Quantitative Research Process (con’t)

• Assumptions

• Limitations

• Research design

• Population and sample

• Methods of measurement


Steps of the Quantitative Research Process (con’t)Steps of the Quantitative Research Process (con’t)

• Data collection and analysis

• Research outcomes

• Communication of findings


• What type of study was conducted?• What was the setting for the study?• Were the steps for the research process clearly

identified?• Were any of the steps missing?• Did the steps of the study logically link together?

Initial Research Report CritiqueInitial Research Report Critique

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