eln and the paperless lab
Post on 22-Oct-2014
4.785 views
DESCRIPTION
“ELN and the Paperless Lab” is a 150 page collection of articles that cover a full range of topics, from explaining ELN basics to managing a successful ELN project. It answers the questions that are most important to anyone who is using, or considering using an ELN in a laboratory The eBook is available for free download at http://www.labtronics.com/resources/nexxeln_ebook.aspTRANSCRIPT
Page | 2
ELN and The Paperless Lab
Reproduction:
You are free to copy, reproduce, and distribute this eBook by any means. You must give the original
author and publisher credit and you may not alter, transform or build upon this work.
Legal Notice:
The author and publisher of this eBook have used their best efforts in preparing this eBook. The author
and publisher make no representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy, applicability, fitness,
or completeness of the contents of this eBook. The information contained in this eBook is strictly for
educational purposes. Therefore, if you wish to apply ideas contained in this eBook, you are taking full
responsibility for your actions.
The author and publisher disclaim any warranties (express or implied), merchantability, or fitness for
any particular purpose. The author and publisher shall in no event be held liable to any party for any
direct, indirect, punitive, special, incidental or other consequential damages arising directly or
indirectly from any use of this material, which is provided “as is”, and without warranties.
Produced and Published by Labtronics Inc, 2011
All rights reserved.
Copyright 2011 © Labtronics Inc
Page | 3
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ......................................................................... 5
Chapter 2: ELN Primer ........................................................................... 8
7 Great Reasons for Buying an ELN ................................................................................ 9
The Benefits of Making the Transition from Paper to an ELN ....................................... 12
A New Breed of Electronic Laboratory Notebook ......................................................... 16
Reduce the Cost of Data Quality .................................................................................. 19
Grow Green - the right choice for your business and the environment ........................ 22
The Benefits of Web-Based Applications for the Laboratory ........................................ 24
The Paperless Laboratory: Realities and Expectations .................................................. 26
Configuring an ELN for Routine Analyses ..................................................................... 31
Laboratory Resource Management - If it isn’t in real-time, when is it? ........................ 37
Why Doesn’t a Traditional Electronic Laboratory Notebook Work in a QA/QC Lab? ..... 40
Chapter 3: Understanding the role of ELN in the Lab .......................... 44
The Automation Dilemma............................................................................................ 45
The Real Costs of Paper in the Laboratory ................................................................... 53
Laboratory Data - Safety, Security and Traceability ...................................................... 57
Go Paperless and Improve Procedural Execution ......................................................... 60
Keeping Tabs on the Lab - Real Time, On-line Management of Laboratory Workload .. 63
ELN Reduces Regulatory Compliance Costs .................................................................. 66
ELN Cures 4 Common Laboratory Headaches .............................................................. 69
Chapter 4: Examples of ELN installations ............................................ 72
Automated Control and Documentation of Daily Calibration Requirements ................ 73
Error Free Preparation of Reagents ............................................................................. 75
Case Study: Rapid Deployment of an Integrated ELN/SDMS/LIMS Solution ................. 82
Chapter 5: Instrument Integration ...................................................... 85
Page | 4
Application Note: Chromatography Workflow with Nexxis iLAB .................................. 86
Choosing the Right Balance Automation Solution ........................................................ 90
Chapter 6: Managing and Planning ELN Projects ................................ 95
Case Study: Rapid Deployment of an iLAB (Integrated Laboratory) .............................. 96
Planning a Successful ELN Project ................................................................................ 99
Project Management – On Time and On Target ......................................................... 107
Paperless Automation Part 1 - Conservative Solution, Radical Technology ................ 111
Paperless Automation Part 2 - Right Down the Middle of the Road ........................... 114
Paperless Automation Part 3 – The “I want it all” Solution ......................................... 118
ELN Pilot Projects Pave the Way for the Paperless Lab............................................... 122
Chapter 7: Legal and Regulatory Issues ............................................. 124
Don’t Hold Your Breath Waiting for a Test Case on Electronic Laboratory Notebook
Records ..................................................................................................................... 125
ELN Meets 21 CFR Part 11 Compliance Requirements ............................................... 129
Chapter 8: ROI Calculator .................................................................. 132
Calculating ROI for an ELN Project ............................................................................. 133
Chapter 9: Connectivity to other Lab Systems .................................. 137
LIMS and ELN: 1 + 1 = 3.............................................................................................. 138
What is an iLAB? ........................................................................................................ 141
Application Note: Environmental Monitoring with LimsLink and Nexxis iLAB ............. 147
Nexxis ELN and Nexxis CIM Integrate for Real-Time Chemical/Solution Management151
Page | 5
Chapter 1: Introduction
I have been involved with Labtronics Inc since its inception, 25 years ago. Initially the company focused
on interfacing instruments to LIMS and then expanded to interfacing any lab system. Over the last 5
years we have also been involved in developing other types of laboratory informatics systems.
For 25 years we have worked closely with developers of systems such as LIMS, SDMS and ELN, helping
them interface their products to instruments and to each other. We have seen the market place from
the point of view of the informatics systems developers and at the same time we have worked directly
with their customers giving us an understanding of their point of view. This has given us a unique
insight into this industry.
It is a combination of this unique perspective and our realization that many people do not understand
ELN that led us to launch ThePaperlessLab.COM web site several years ago. This web site is filled with
technical information that helps users to better understand the tools that can help them reduce or
eliminate paper use in the lab. Much of the focus is directed on ELN.
This year we decided to take this project one step further, by publishing this book.
The purpose of this book, “ELN, and The paperless Lab” is to bring together some of the best articles
that have been written about ELN in the last couple of years. This book will be a great reference book
for anyone who is in the process of implementing an ELN or considering the implementation of an ELN.
It will also be a good information resource for anyone who is interested in the automation of labs.
This book is a collection of essays, each of which has been written to stand on their own as separate
articles. Rather than try and rewrite them to fit a standard book format, we have decided to leave each
one as originally written. You will find some overlap in topics, but this format will allow you to read the
essays in any order that suits your needs.
The Evolution of Electronic Laboratory Notebooks A very pragmatic view of ELN is that it is an electronic replacement for the old fashioned lab paper
notebook. Wikipedia does not indicate when ELN was first invented but I suspect it was the early
1990’s. By 2000, some commercial products were being offered and some early adopters were
implementing ELN.
In the next 5 years ELN started to become more prevalent. Companies were ‘test driving’ products to
give the technology a limited try. Most of this activity was taking place in R&D labs.
Page | 6
The initial driving force for ELN was to provide a better way to capture Intellectual Property (IP) and
the customers most interested in this were synthesis chemists working in pharmaceutical companies.
Capturing discoveries for this group was a significant issue and the promise of a better, electronic way,
to capture IP was very attractive. Synthesis chemists led the way.
Initial commercial ELN products were very much geared to R&D work. What these customers required
was a secure way to ‘write’ out their experiments. The work that is done in R&D requires a system that
is very flexible – as flexible as a blank piece of paper. An ELN for R&D fulfills those requirements and
also prevents alternation of the data, incorporates electronic signatures to ensure proper tracking of IP
information and provides better tools for data mining.
In 2005 Labtronics Inc was the first company to release an ELN specifically designed for the QA/QC
market place. To differentiate it from ‘R&D ELN’ it was given the product class designation “qELN”.
Over the next 5 years the R&D ELN gained a solid foothold on the market place and many customers
have adopted those products. Much slower growth was seen in the QA/QC labs. For them the concept
of an ELN is still very new today.
The requirement for a QA/QC ELN is quite different than for an R&D ELN. The QA/QC lab is all about
process control. Each analyst should be doing each test exactly the same way. “Flexibility” in
documenting work is just not acceptable. This is the main reason for the development of two distinct
types of ELN. These differences are further explored in some of the essays in this book. Understanding
the differences will help you to better understand your own requirements.
In the last couple of years there has been an increase in interest for an ELN for biology and
biotechnology. This group also has special requirements. This ELN needs to be more flexible like the
R&D ELN, but it also has to deal with more complex data such as DNA profiles.
There are now some 30 different commercial ELN products on the market. With the exception of two
companies who are focused on the QA/QC side, they all focus on R&D ELN.
What do Customers Think? The above section is written from the perspective of a market analyst, but what does the customer
think?
Atrium Research (Atrium Research & Consulting LLC) has done a number of surveys over the years and
is a very good resource for more information. The 2010 Atrium report1 indicates that:
- 47% of Biopharmaceutical organizations have at least 1 department using ELN
- 18% of QA/QC labs make some use of ELN
1Atrium Research & Consulting LLC, “ 2010 Electronic Laboratory Notebook Survey”
Page | 7
- 25% of the market knows little or nothing about ELN
- 40% of the market understands the difference between ELN and LIMS (from 2008 study)
These numbers confirm what we see in the market place. Much of the “talk” about using ELN is
focused on the R&D labs and ELN trade shows focus on R&D products. QA/QC labs are just now
starting to consider ELN as a product for solving some of their issues. The essays in this book discuss
many of these issues.
For the most part customers are not clear about the role ELN, LIMS and SDMS play. Why is this?
For one reason, most customers have never worked in a lab that has been automated with all three
systems. It is difficult to understand a system if you have never used it.
Secondly, software developers are trying to be everything to everyone. A prospect commented to me
that a leading R&D ELN developer had told them that their product would meet their LIMS needs. That
statement is not true. LIMS companies on the other hand are making significant claims about “ELN
functionality” in their product. There is certainly some overlap when you compare ELN and LIMS, but
rarely will one replace the other.
It is important to understand the basic design of ELN, LIMS and SDMS and their specific purpose.
Articles in this book will provide that information and once you understand the differences you will be
in a better position to evaluate commercial products.
The 2010 Atrium survey also measured ELN perceptions. Participants in the survey who had some
interest in ELN or who had used ELN were asked “What statements most closely matched your view of
an ELN”:
- 42% said an ELN is a portal or entry point into all of the laboratories systems and databases
I find this surprising. As far as I know companies selling ELN do not position their product as a portal
into other labs systems. In fact most commercial ELN shy away from integrating their product into
other systems. The idea of using an ELN as a way to review results in LIMS or to view documents in
SDMS is not practical, except in those cases where the ELN generated the data in the first place.
The essays in this book will help clarify the role of ELN for your lab.
Robert Pavlis
President, Labtronics Inc.
Page | 9
7 Great Reasons for Buying an ELN
Here’s a light-hearted list with 7 real life, day-to-day reasons for starting an ELN project. If your CFO
has a sense of humor, this just might work. If not, we have included a “translated” version of the list
that even the most tightfisted CFO, COO or CEO will want to buy into.
Pick the list that works for you, sit down with “the boss” and get ready for big changes.
Real-life Reasons for Buying an ELN 1. Calculators are passé
In a world where we can listen to music and surf the web on cell phones, do we really need to pull out
a calculator to do the same routine calculations over and over again? Of course not, an ELN can
automate those calculations so that they are done the same way every time and nobody ever hits the
wrong key by mistake.
2. Pens that work are in short supply
It must be one of Murphy’s Laws that the first five pens you pick up when you need to write something
down quickly, either don’t work at all or leak ink all over the page so that nobody can tell what you
wrote. Use an ELN to record your data electronically and forget all about trying to hang onto your
favorite pen, the only one that works.
3. We need to save the trees
No kidding. By now everyone must realize that we need to start conserving our resources and one way
to do that is to cut down on the amount of paper we use. Replacing paper forms with an ELN at your
lab will make a contribution to that effort. Go Paperless – Save the World!
4. Where did all that leisure time go?
In the 1950’s Popular Science promised us that the biggest problem technology would create would be
what to do with our leisure time. It’s time for technology to deliver on that promise – use an ELN to get
more done in less time - and start planning your next vacation.
5. Repetitive Strain Injuries from entering test data into LIMS
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is caused by performing repetitive tasks, such as typing, writing, or clicking
a mouse. Any kind of manual data entry is not only repetitive it’s also tedious, time-consuming, error
prone and downright boring. Let an ELN do that work for you.
6. Brown cardboard boxes are for moving day – not storing lab data
Page | 10
Does it make sense to take all of your lab data, stuff it in a box and then lock it away, making it a chore
to actually go back and see it again? An ELN can give you electronic on-line access to all that data and
information and save you a ton of money on storage costs.
7. You would like to get through the year without someone asking for a sample result that was
written on the page in your notebook where you spilled the coffee.
Another one of Murphy’s Laws? The likelihood of a paper document or notebook getting lost or
damaged increases proportionally with the importance of the document. As soon as you see that cup
tip over and your last three sips of “tall non-fat latte” splash across the page in your notebook – you
know that is going to be the sample, the test, the result that the auditor is going to want to look at
during your next FDA audit. Get an ELN that saves all your work as a PDF that can be stored and
accessed electronically – and you’ll never cry over spilt coffee again.
Translation – Business Benefits of an ELN Project
1. An ELN automates manual calculations, reducing the amount of time analysts spend processing
samples and giving them more time to run more samples. It also eliminates manual calculation
errors, reducing time spent on secondary review, investigation and rework.
2. Legibility is always an issue with results that are hand written on paper documents – is that
number an “8” a “3” or a “5”. Using an ELN to record data electronically eliminates time spent
on secondary review and rework due to “legibility” issues.
3. Eliminating paper not only saves trees it eliminates costs associated with purchasing and
storing paper supplies
4. An ELN applies the latest technology (web access, industry standard database platforms, etc)
to provide faster access to data and information. Laboratory personnel don’t waste time trying
to find the information they need, they are able to find the information they want, when they
need it.
5. Eliminating manual keying of data delivers all of the benefits outlined in item #2, plus the
added advantage of increasing employee job satisfaction by eliminating a tedious and time
consuming task.
6. Long term on-site and off-site storage of paper forms and documents is costly and generates
added cost and frustration when documents need to be retrieved for problem resolution or
audit purposes. An ELN that saves completed forms as a PDF can replace costly physical
storage with cost-effective electronic storage that can be quickly accessed.
Page | 11
7. Paper documents and forms are always at risk due to loss or
damage. A simple spill or a careless misfiling of a document
can result in hours of time being wasted trying to find or
recreate test results. An ELN can remove that risk by storing
field data from electronic worksheets in an industry standard
database (SQL*Server or Oracle) and also storing an image of
the completed forms and documents in a secure electronic
environment.
Free ROI Calculator for ELN
Determine the real dollars and cents
value of an ELN project at your lab.
Click here to download.
Page | 12
The Benefits of Making the Transition from Paper to an ELN
The dependence of science on technology grows relentlessly. From the basic application of
computational power to undertake scientific calculations at unprecedented speeds, up to the current
situation of extensive and sophisticated laboratory automation, black box measurement devices and
multiuser information management systems, technology is causing paper notebooks to become
increasingly rare in the laboratory landscape. Over approximately the last decade, paper has
transitioned from being the unchallenged archive medium for permanent records of scientific
experimentation, to becoming a convenient, portable but temporary medium for print-outs and odd
notes. In its place the Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN) is progressively taking over the role of the
preferred system for formal record keeping.
But the ELN offers more than just a transition from paper-based working to electronic. The obvious
benefits are easier accessibility of information, search-ability, collaboration and sharing. Furthermore,
taking paper out of the equation opens up the opportunity to progress towards a fully integrated
electronic laboratory, although the systems that we currently use in our laboratories are often a legacy
of application-centric approaches that are based on the demands of specific laboratory technologies
and are limited by integration difficulties, incompatible file formats, and other technological
inconsistencies. The benefits of the transition to an Electronic Laboratory Notebook seem to be
obvious, but inevitably there are a number of factors to take into account such as costs, long term
preservation of electronic records, the acceptability of electronic records to support legal and
regulatory compliance, and the ability and willingness of scientists to work electronically.
The costs associated with the transition, and the return on investment will always be amongst the
initial, albeit short-term considerations in deploying an ELN. But the true value of the ELN may be long
term and therefore be far more difficult to measure since the value will be determined by
unquantifiable benefits.
There is a growing body of evidence being presented at conferences on Electronic Laboratory
Notebooks by companies that have implemented an ELN, showing that the short-term time savings
associated with the electronic solution are significant. Astra Zeneca, Biovitrum and Eastman Kodak,
amongst others, have all claimed time savings in the order of 10 -15%. But each of these organizations
lists a number of other non-quantifiable, long-term benefits such as:
Scientists can spend more time in the laboratory
It is easier to find information in a searchable archive
It is easier to share information
Increased efficiency can be achieved through the elimination of paper – no more cutting,
pasting, copying, filing, etc.
Page | 13
There is a reduced need to repeat experiments (knowingly or unknowingly)
Data quality (legibility) is improved
A smooth transition when people leave the Company – their notebooks are readily accessible.
On-line use in meetings – less need to prepare summaries, presentations, etc. when the
notebooks can be viewed on-line.
This demonstrates to a large extent where the true value lies; that a successful deployment of an ELN
can deliver long term benefits aligned to corporate business strategies. As IP protection, knowledge
management initiatives, sharing and collaboration rise higher on the corporate wish list, the limitations
of paper-based systems become increasingly exposed.
It is interesting to look at non-laboratory areas that have undergone an analogue to digital transition
and to evaluate the benefits, or otherwise, of that transition. For example general communication,
where email has replaced the traditional process of writing letters, putting them in an envelope,
sticking on a stamp, and relying on a postal service to ensure delivery. Although there are some well
known negative consequences of email, would we forsake the speed and convenience of electronic
communication in order to revert to paper? Another example is digital photography; again, speed and
convenience are major benefits, relative to taking a roll of traditional film to a processing house for
prints to be made, and then to return for additional copies if we wanted to share them, before, of
course, turning to the postal service again to facilitate delivery. In the case of digital photography, the
ability to capture and upload a photograph to an on-line repository and then share with friends and
family anywhere in the world can take place in a matter of seconds.
But back to the laboratory; what are the practical benefits of an ELN? Overall, the transition from
paper to ELNs offers benefits at two different levels, (a) in terms of business benefit, and (b) in terms of
personal productivity.
For the business an ELN can bring about productivity and efficiency gains. Furthermore, the
development of an accessible, searchable knowledge repository of scientific experimentation helps
resolve the Knowledge Management mantra ‘we don’t know what we know’. For multi-site,
multinational operations, with the increasing need to share and collaborate with internal and with
outsourced functions, a central repository becomes increasingly important. This brings with it some
technological challenges about controlled access and IP protection, but as the technology advances,
these challenges are progressively being overcome.
Personal productivity gains accrue from the elimination of certain paper-based tasks such as cutting,
pasting, copying, filing, etc. These tasks can be replaced with more efficient electronic functions. This
helps to save time, but it is important to remember that the documentation process itself may be no
quicker; typing skills vs. writing skills can vary considerably from person to person. However, a
frequently reported benefit of an electronic laboratory notebook is the use of ‘cloning’, basically,
copying and editing an existing experiment where only detail changes need to be made. This has
Page | 14
proved to be a very popular feature that can, in certain circumstances, bring about considerable time
savings.
Another opportunity that ELNs offer in terms of productivity gains is the witnessing process, often
considered a necessary chore, and one which doesn’t rank too highly on anyone’s priority list. The
weekly, or monthly, witnessing ‘party’ with paper lab notebooks is a direct response to overcoming
this lethargy. But this is another area in which technology delivers potential benefits through timely
and automated routing of witnessing requests and deadlines. The witnessing process can be
conducted on-line using electronic/digital signatures, and followed up with reminders if no action has
been taken.
The deployment of an ELN may be justified on measureable short-term gains in productivity, but the
true benefit is likely to come from unquantifiable, anecdotal evidence from users as they recount
instances where access to the knowledge repository uncovers previously unknown information and
identifies others in the organization who have worked on the same or similar products, materials or
services. Through the initial phases of an ELN deployment, it is quite common to hear these stories,
but over time, as this new way of working becomes the norm, the stories disappear. There’s an old
adage amongst scientists that a day or two in the laboratory can save an hour or two in the library.
With the current levels of scrutiny of laboratory productivity, if the ‘hour or two’ in the library can be
reduced to a few seconds for an on-line search, then benefits will accrue, not only from finding
information quickly, but also in eliminating rework.
Just going back to personal productivity, one of the interesting observations about ELN deployments in
general is the positive feedback from users about the operational aspects of the systems and the
personal productivity benefits. This may be partly attributed to well-designed user interfaces and ease
of use features, but can also be attributed to the care and attention taken by project teams to engage,
encourage and support users through the requirements and deployment phases of the project.
Derek Lowe, a medicinal chemist working on preclinical drug discovery in the US, wrote the following
in an article published in ‘Chemistry World’ 1: “The electronic lab notebook (ELN) has made me into
what I never would have gotten around to becoming on my own: an organised scientist. Structures are
drawn on screen, stoichiometries adjusted, literature cited, reagents identified and sourced, the
analytical data attached and cross-referenced - oh, it's something to see. And over the years, I would
rather have eaten sand than do all that manually - and I'd strongly consider ingesting a sand sandwich
rather than go back to using paper now. The transition would be so painful that my documentation
would surely end up being even worse than before”. The quotation from Derek Lowe may seem
overwhelmingly positive, but it is not unusual to find this level of enthusiasm amongst users of ELNs.
However, not all users will see it this way.
We’ve talked about the benefits that an ELN can bring, but this is all subject to making the right
decisions up front, and doing all of the ground work, with regard to change management from the
perspective of technology, laboratory processes and preparing laboratory staff to adapt to the change.
Page | 15
But furthermore, the laboratory is no longer an ivory tower; it is a critical element in the whole product
lifecycle and forms an essential part of the overall workflow and information flow within the
organization. The acquisition and deployment of an ELN must take this into account, and consider not
only the functional requirements within the laboratory, but also consider how it will integrate with
other corporate systems.
The term ‘Electronic Laboratory Notebook’ is inherently ambiguous since it is far more than a direct
replacement for a paper lab notebook. The mere fact that it is an electronic system will open up
opportunities to seek a tight integration with other laboratory and corporate systems in order to
extend the productivity benefits. This does raise some technology challenges, as the laboratory is not
well served in terms of data interchange and integration standards. Nevertheless, these challenges can
be overcome, but this is a factor that needs to be taken into account early in the requirements phase.
In summary, the transition from a paper to an Electronic Laboratory Notebook is almost inevitable; the
benefits of electronic working, and the capability to meet organizational productivity objectives though
sharing, collaboration and other process improvements are unachievable with a paper based system.
The evidence from organizations that have already deployed an electronic laboratory notebook
demonstrates not only productivity gains, both at a corporate and personal level, but also points to
unquantifiable benefits that can be accrued from having a shareable and searchable repository of
scientific experimentation.
1 Derek Lowe, In the Pipeline, Chemistry World, April 2010, Available on line at
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/Issues/2010/April/ColumnInpipeline.asp
About the Author John Trigg is Founder and Director of phaseFour Informatics, a UK –based consultancy specializing in
the Electronic Laboratory Notebooks and laboratory integration. He has over 25 years’ experience
working in the field of R&D data, information and knowledge management, including 10 years
experience of the world’s first enterprise level implementation of an Electronic Lab Notebook in the
Eastman Kodak Company. John is author of a number of publications on Electronic Laboratory
Notebooks and Knowledge Management in the Laboratory and has presented papers and run
workshops at conferences in the UK, Ireland, mainland Europe, USA and Australia. John is also the
founder of The Integrated Lab website. He was the recipient of the 2000 International LIMS Award and
is currently the Chairman of the Automation and Analytical Management Group of the Royal Society of
Chemistry.
Page | 16
A New Breed of Electronic Laboratory Notebook
What is an Electronic Laboratory Notebook? The Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Association (CENSA) describes an Electronic Laboratory
Notebook (ELN) as follows:
“An Electronic Notebook is a system to create, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic records in ways
that meet all legal, regulatory, technical and scientific requirements.”
This is a very broad definition that can encompass a number of possible options. As a result
specifications for an ELN can vary dramatically, making selecting an ELN quite difficult. In evaluating an
ELN it is important to consider your specific requirements.
Is a blank page what you really want? When most people think of an ELN, they visualize an electronic version of a traditional laboratory
notebook where a screen displays the notebook, and allows the analyst to do anything that they could
do in a paper notebook. The added benefit of an ELN is being able to electronically store and retrieve
the pages in the notebook.
In a purely R&D facility, this concept can work well. It is an advantage to have maximum flexibility – a
blank page, if you like. As we move closer to a QC environment, the requirement for an ELN begins to
change. The freedom that is found in the R&D environment is no longer the norm.
The ELN for a QC lab needs structure. There is a need to control the information that is recorded in
order to ensure that it meets requirements and standards. Unlike the R&D environment, it is not
acceptable or desirable to record any observation or any data that the analyst feels is appropriate.
Instead the requirement is for a much more controlled set of data. For example the data needs to be
associated with proper sample ID’s, and tests need to be carried out according to accepted procedures.
The visualization of such an ELN is no longer a blank page, but well-defined forms, with rules applied to
control the analysis and the analyst. It is important when considering your ELN requirements to
understand the kind of data that is being collected and the purpose for collecting the data.
Leverage your existing data management capabilities The definition for an ELN includes the need to “store, retrieve and share fully”. Everyone certainly
requires this functionality, but does it need to be part of the ELN? For many laboratories, the ability to
Page | 17
store the data in the ELN would be a duplication of the capabilities they currently have using their
existing storage facilities.
If a laboratory already has a LIMS, ERP or SDMS (scientific data management system), does it not make
sense to use these applications to store the data produced by the ELN? These systems have already
been designed and implemented for the purpose of storing and reporting laboratory data. Introducing
an ELN with a separate data storage capability could be an unnecessary duplication of functionality. An
ELN that can integrate with existing systems, leveraging their capabilities, is going to provide the most
effective and productive use of resources.
Nexxis ELN – A New Breed of ELN As we have seen the definition of an ELN is very broad and no commercial ELN meets all of the
requirements equally well. In selecting an ELN it is important to understand which functionality is most
important to your organization.
Nexxis ELN is a powerful new breed of ELN that meets laboratory requirements in a way that is
unmatched by any other solution. Using SOP management as its core component, Nexxis ELN allows
the laboratory to create a structured data collection and information management environment that is
based on their established practices and procedures and is fully integrated with their existing
information management systems.
Structured Data Collection At the core of Nexxis ELN is the ability to automate and enforce the carrying out of analytical SOPs. A
Nexxis method not only guides the analyst through each step of the SOP, it also becomes a single
access point for all of the information resources required for monitoring and documenting the SOP.
The Nexxis Method for a specific SOP can be designed to ensure that the proper instrumentation is
used, that the instrumentation has been calibrated according to schedule, that only analysts that are
fully qualified are performing the analysis, that analysts comments and observations are stored along
with the data, and so on. The possibilities are endless because of the flexibility of Nexxis ReDI
technology.
Integration with laboratory instrumentation Nexxis ELN collects data directly from laboratory instruments, in real time, using a variety of
technologies including PCs, tablets, notebooks, PDAs, wireless systems, etc.
As Nexxis ELN guides the analyst through each step of the SOP, it also manages all communications
with the instrument including sending commands to the instrument as well as collecting data.
The sophistication and flexibility of Nexxis’ integration with laboratory instruments fully supports the
structured data collection environment created within the Nexxis method.
Page | 18
Integration with Information Management Systems Unlike other Electronic Laboratory Notebooks, Nexxis ELN is designed for maximum flexibility when
interfacing with existing data storage applications such as LIMS, ERP and SDMS.
This integration can be a two way street. Instead of viewing these systems as simply a place to store
data, Nexxis ELN can use them as a source of information that is critical to the SOP. Nexxis ELN can
query a LIMS for a worklist of samples that need to be run or automatically look up calibration records
for the instrument that is being used or even check results against a limits table for the analysis that is
being run.
A unique strength of Nexxis ELN is its ability to interact with a wide variety of existing systems and to
fully incorporate those systems into the automation of the SOP – at the time of analysis.
A Best of Breed Solution Nexxis ELN combines the most advanced technology for data collection and SOP automation with the
ability to integrate with existing LIMS, ERP and SDMS applications.
The result is an Electronic Laboratory Notebook solution that integrates instrument data collection and
analysts input with laboratory procedures and systems within a controlled and automated
environment.
Page | 19
Reduce the Cost of Data Quality
In today’s competitive and challenging economic climate laboratories face a real challenge as they
balance the need to maintain the high quality of the data that they produce while having to cope with
the necessity of keeping operating costs at a minimum.
One way to address that challenge is by introducing automation and control over the everyday
laboratory tests that are carried out manually and recorded on paper forms or in notebooks.
These paper based analyses depend on costly and time consuming manual review procedures and
investigations to ensure data quality. With these manual procedures, errors are often caught after the
analysis is complete so there is also an added cost for rework that can be prevented if procedural
errors and omissions are prevented at the time of analysis.
In this article we will show how an Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN) for Routine Analyses meets
the challenge of maintaining or even improving on the high level of quality that already exists while
reducing the cost of data quality on three fronts:
1. Reducing the amount of time spent on data review
2. Reducing the amount of rework that the laboratory needs to do
3. Reducing the amount of time spent on investigation and resolution when problems do occur
Spend less time on review Paper-based, manual processes are inherently open to errors in data recording, calculations and
transcription. There is a rule of thumb in the industry that every level of manual data transcription
incurs a 3% - 5% error rate. So the two simple steps of recording a sample result manually and then
keying it into a software application like Excel or LIMS, will add a 6% - 10% margin of error to the data.
Of course a 6% - 10% error rate is unacceptable, so laboratories need to carry out thorough multi-level
reviews to confirm the quality and accuracy of the manually recorded data. Each review takes time and
often requires a senior person, so there is a significant cost to the laboratory.
Manual processes are also open to risk of error in procedural execution - forgetting to complete a step
in a process, using an instrument that hasn’t been calibrated, selecting a reagent that has expired, etc.
Review processes also need to be in place to catch any actions, or lack of action, that may have
occurred during the analysis that would affect the quality of the end results.
Having to manage paper documents through a review process can be also be costly and be an exercise
in frustration. File folders can get “lost” in somebody’s “In” tray. If a customer calls in to find out if
their test results are ready, there can be a frantic search to see whose desk those results are on and if
Page | 20
they have been approved or not. The amount of time spent on reviewing results can be extremely
inefficient simply because everything is recorded on paper.
An ELN for Routine Analyses reduces the amount of review that laboratories need to conduct for their
routine analyses and simplifies the process of carrying out the review.
Automated data collection, calculations and recording eliminates manual errors and the need
to review for manual errors
“Right first time” procedural control ensures that SOP requirements are met every time
eliminating the need to review for procedural errors
On-line management of electronic documents eliminates “paper shuffle”, simplifying the
review and approval process
Spend less time on rework Whenever the quality of a test result is in question, valuable personnel time has to be diverted away
from regular lab activity and over to determining the cause of the possible errors, correcting the
situation and rerunning the test. In addition to the time costs, the cost of any supplies that are used in
the process of the test (solutions, reagents, etc) is increased when samples need to be re-analyzed.
As we have already seen, the automation and procedural controls that an ELN for Routine Analyses
provides are going to reduce the amount of rework that needs to be done by reducing the number of
errors that occur in the laboratory. In addition, speeding up the review and approval process by
managing it on-line means that any problems that do occur are discovered sooner and rework is
assigned faster.
In addition to those two benefits, there is one more way that an ELN can speed up the rework process
in order to reduce costs for the laboratory.
For most routine analyses, the sample result from the test is expected to fall within certain limits or
test specifications. An ELN for Routine Analyses can apply those specifications to each sample result, as
it is collected or calculated, to see if it is within specification.
If a sample is out of specification it can be highlighted so that the analyst will know right away, at the
bench level, that something needs to be done. They can then take immediate action to either rerun the
sample or to ensure that all of the necessary materials are retained in order to facilitate a proper
investigation of the result.
Reducing the possibility of errors, automating the process of identifying errors and speeding up the
process of initiating rework are all benefits that an ELN for Routine Analyses can introduce to reduce
the amount of time spent on rework and the cost of rework for a laboratory.
Page | 21
Spend less time on problem resolution With all of the automation and control that an ELN for Routine Analyses can provide, there will be
fewer errors and problems for the laboratory to investigate and resolve, so less time will need to be
focused on these activities. However, even in this controlled environment problems are going to occur.
For example, an analysis may use a reagent that the laboratory purchases from an outside source. The
supplier may discover that there is a problem with that reagent and send the laboratory notification
that results for any tests that used that reagent may not be accurate. The laboratory then needs to
determine the scope of the problem - how many samples may have been affected, how many results
have already been reported, etc.
In this scenario an on-line, electronic system delivers significant benefits and cost savings over a paper-
based system.
Instead of having to search through boxes of documents that might be stacked away in a store room or
at an offsite storage facility, one person can do a quick on-line search to find out exactly which samples
may have been affected by the suspect material.
The sheer speed and ease of searching electronically combined with the accuracy of an electronic
search provides a clear advantage over searching manually.
The laboratory spends less time identifying the extent of the problem allowing them to act quickly and
effectively to initiate an appropriate resolution for the problem.
Conclusion Laboratories that use an ELN for Routine Analyses to transfer their paper
based processes into highly automated and controlled electronic
processes are able to spend less time on review, rework and problem
resolution without sacrificing the high standards of data quality that are
critical to their success.
Lowering the cost of quality can make the laboratory more profitable
and more competitive by lowering their internal costs for each analysis.
Spending less time on monitoring quality can increase laboratory sample handling capacity opening up
opportunities to bring new clients on board while maintaining high standards of quality and service.
Free ROI Calculator for ELN
Determine the real dollars and cents
value of an ELN project at your lab.
Click here to download.
Page | 22
Grow Green - the right choice for your business and the environment
Deciding to “grow green” - improving business capabilities while simultaneously making the right
environmental choices - is a choice that forward looking organizations are making in order to ensure
long term success and sustainability for both their business and for the world we live in.
Laboratories that are currently using paper worksheets and SOPs to carry out their everyday routine
analyses can make the choice to “grow green” by transforming their paper based processes into online,
electronic procedures that deliver real benefit to their business…
Making them more efficient and more productive
Reducing operating costs
Increasing revenue and profitability
… and also deliver a strong “green” advantage on a daily basis.
How much paper can a laboratory save? At Labtronics we are working with a life sciences company that has selected Nexxis ELN to create
electronic versions of the paper forms and documents that they are currently using in their QA
department. Their decision to use Nexxis ELN is based primarily on the improved efficiency that they
will gain in workflow management, input validation and automated calculations and by having online
access to their electronic forms rather than having to spend time searching for paper documents.
However, they are also able to estimate the green advantage that an ELN will provide by reducing
paper usage.
Their QA department performs approximately 12,000 tests a year and each of those tests uses a pre-
printed form. The forms vary in size from one page to five pages, but in some cases they also attach
print outs of instrument data so the final data packet for a test could be up to 30 pages.
On average a data packet is somewhere between 5 and 10 pages, so their estimate is that they will
save between 60,000 and 120,000 pages per year in that one department alone, by using ELN to
manage their test data and documentation electronically.
Page | 23
What is the environmental impact of not using 100,000 pieces of paper
per year? If you go on-line and type in the question “How many pieces of paper come out of one tree? “,one
common answer is that 1 tree produces 8,333.3 sheets of paper. Using that number, we can calculate
that ELN saves approximately 12 trees every year – one tree every month, or 1 tree for every 1,000
tests that they run.
Saving twelve trees is a great step in the right direction for one department in one lab. If we multiply
that by all of the laboratories that use paper documents for routine testing on a daily basis, then we
can clearly see that there is a significant environmental advantage to having laboratories “go
paperless” for their routine analytical procedures.
Grow Green, the right choice Take the “green advantage” of reducing paper use. Add on the benefits of eliminating the costs of
purchasing, managing and storing paper. Toss in the improvements in workflow management and test
execution. It all adds up to “growing green” as the right choice for your business and for the
environment.
Page | 24
The Benefits of Web-Based Applications for the Laboratory
The increased opportunity to use web-based applications brings significant benefits to a number of
work environments including the laboratory. Primary among these benefits are issues related to the
ease of installation and validation; the advantages that the architecture of these applications provide;
and the ability to potentially have multiple users access the applications from a variety of locations.
Specific advantages are detailed below.
Ease of Deployment The use of web-based applications significantly reduces client-side issues such as software deployment,
management and updates. Installation is as simple as pointing the browser to a url. The client of web-
based applications is always consistent across all of your workstations. No need for scheduling access
times to physical PCs and adjusting work schedules of users.
Less Validation Validation activity related to installation and operation can be significantly reduced as a result of the
removal of the requirement for individual physical installation processes on PCs. The absence of a
traditional client application removes the requirement to spend time and resources testing the install
of that client on individual PCs.
Tiering of Components Consider a traditional PC-based application that includes everything required to run (the user interface,
data storage, business logic, etc.). This configuration can be viewed as single tiered or 1-Tier. The
primary drawback of this approach is the lack of separation of components resulting in a lack of
scalability.
A 2-tier architecture is essentially a terminal-to-server or browser-to-server environment. The client
usually handles the display, while the server handles the information storage. The business logic may
be handled in either or both of these levels. The basic model of a web server pushing pages to a
browser can be considered an example of 2-tier. This improves upon scalability, but still lacks a high
degree of separation of components thus restricting scalability.
The typical approach today for business and web applications is a 3-tier architecture. In a typical
example of the web browser acting as the client, an application server handles the business logic and
the database is managed in a separate tier.
Page | 25
Breaking down the function of any of these tiers further leads to an n-tier environment, which further
increases the potential for easy scalability. It typically results in a more modular approach with the
potential to scale to your particular needs. A web-based application designed to be n-tier can be run
from the full range of a single PC deployment, all the way up to a large-scale enterprise installation.
Reduced Client Hardware Requirements Web-based applications have lower hardware requirements than locally installed programs. Since the
application is run on a server, the users are not likely to encounter frustration related to an
underpowered PC running a traditional application.
Multi-User Environments Web-based applications by design are able to be accessed and used by multiple users from multiple
physical locations, all at the same time. Users simply need to be able to access the server resources
over the network in order to launch and interact with the system.
Centralization Administrative costs are reduced by centralizing data storage and administrative activity. This
decreases risks of data loss by users as a result of local PC activity (i.e. hard drive crashes and viruses).
This also significantly improves aspects related to disaster recovery and business continuity planning.
Use of Standardized Technologies Since web-applications are designed around web standards, training for both end users and
administrative members are simplified. In addition, the use of standardized technologies provides a
degree of future-proofing the application over time as new operating systems and technologies arise.
Conclusion Applications that are web-based have significant advantages over traditional standalone or
client/server applications. These advantages result in the savings of time and resources in today’s
workplace. Installation, administrative and management tasks are reduced through the use of these
technologies and architectures. Training and administrative tasks are also simplified. The centralization
of data storage saves administrative activity, related to backing up data and potentially restoring
systems. The use of web technology allows systems to be presented to users through a mechanism
that they are comfortable with – a web browser.
Page | 26
The Paperless Laboratory: Realities and Expectations
Is it possible for a laboratory to become fully paperless with the technology available today? The
answer is ‘yes’ – while the process may not be painless, it does offer tremendous improvements in
both the efficiency and quality of the data collected.
Laboratories are highly automated, but much of that automation is in the form of instrumentation and
instrument data systems. When you look at the flow of information and the management of daily
activities in laboratories, you quickly realize that much of this is still performed manually.
The Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) is the major system used to automate a lab,
and its use is quite prevalent; it is used to track samples and their results, and can also be used to
produce a work list (although this is often produced as a printed report).
The LIMS can also be used to receive sample results electronically from instruments. A recent survey
indicated, however, that although many companies may have a few instruments interfaced, very few
labs have all of them interfaced and a significant number have no instruments integrated. Where
integration does exist, it is usually fairly basic. Results are sent to the LIMS, but work lists are usually
not sent to the instrument. The information collected is limited to what that specific instrument
produces, and much of the associated metadata is missing.
LIMS is not a particularly good tool for managing workflow in a laboratory. This may come as a surprise
to the reader, but LIMS has a fundamental limitation in its ability to control workflow. Since it was
originally designed to store sample information, it is not involved with the analyst at the bench level, in
real time, minute by minute. It does not control the testing or the analyst doing the testing, and as a
result the LIMS has limited control over workflow.
Although instruments take centre-stage in a laboratory, the reality is that much of the work is still
manual. Processes such as the preparation, weighing and movement of samples are usually all manual;
taking measurements with simple instruments such as a pH meter, making reagents and making visual
observations are also manual. Many times, these manual steps use paper to both control the process
and to collect data onto paper forms.
WHY IS PAPER STILL SO PREVALENT? People like paper – they like to hold it and read it. There is some inherent comfort in creating paper –
perhaps it makes us feel productive. It is also accepted that a signature or written sign-off somehow
validates the data.
Page | 27
Since existing procedures were specifically designed for paper, they also enforce the use of paper. It is
interesting to watch people move from paper procedures to electronic ones; they still want to
maintain their current procedure, even though it is not suitable for an electronic environment. To be
successful, the procedure needs to be redesigned for the electronic system. This is time-consuming and
complicated, and is one of the key reasons why people don’t automate.
In general, laboratories use too many diverse software systems; in addition to the LIMS, there is the
electronic laboratory notebook (ELN), the scientific data management system (SDMS), the chemical
inventory, the training records module, the stats package and so on.
Having all these systems is not a problem in itself; the real problem is that these systems do not
function as one unit. There is no connectivity between them, and this means that manual paper
procedures are used to move data from the one to the other.
The integration of systems is key to eliminating both manual procedures and paper.
CAN A LABORATORY BECOME FULLY PAPERLESS? Tools are available today to remove at least 95 per cent of the paper in a laboratory. In order to
achieve this, it requires a change in procedures and a high level of integration between systems.
The following simple principles must guide the change:
No piece of information should be entered more than once
No piece of data should be written; it must be entered directly into a software system
Data already in a system needs to be readily available, where and when it is needed
Take the simple example of an ELN and a LIMS. Typically these are two separate systems, and in order
for data to go from one to the other it must be manually transcribed. This dramatically reduces the
value of the two automated systems.
Following the above principles we can see how LIMS, ELN and other informatics systems can interact
without using paper or manual processes:
Sample information in LIMS must be available when it is needed in the ELN
Results are recorded once in the ELN, and then automatically transferred to LIMS
ELN, should be able to connect to the training module, check the analyst’s training records and
prevent them from proceeding if they don’t have the correct level of training
Training information – such as date of training and version of course – should be automatically
added to the collected data as metadata.
Page | 28
ELN should also be able to interact with other systems such as chemical inventory and
instrument calibrations in the same way
Completed ELN worksheets should be saved electronically (PDF) and sent to SDMS for long-
term storage of the raw data.
Sample results in LIMS should include a direct link to the raw data in the SDMS so that it is easy
to look up the information.
Integration is the key to making this happen. Each system operates as an independent application –
but when integration is complete, they function as though they were one system, eliminating manual
steps and the need for paper.
Is this integration available today? The answer is ‘yes’ – but only indirectly. The individual systems have not been designed to work well
with each other. There are no integration standards and, despite the efforts of a number of groups
over the last 15 years, no standards are expected in the near future.
The solution is to use a third-party integration tool, like LimsLink, that is configurable, generic and able
to integrate just about any system.
Using LimsLink allows laboratories to continue to select ‘best of breed’ products for each application
with the understanding that LimsLink will be able to provide the integration with other systems.
Laboratories also have the flexibility of replacing or updating one application without affecting the
integrity of the whole system.
With LimsLink providing the integration between systems, there is no technological reason why the
whole process of managing samples and generating results cannot be paperless.
WHAT ABOUT WORKFLOW CONTROL? Workflow control can be divided into two different processes: control of the individual analyst and
control of the laboratory as a whole.
Workflow control of the individual analyst requires that a system control their every action on a
minute-by minute basis. The system should be sophisticated enough to prevent the analyst from
making a mistake. This can only be accomplished by a system working at the bench level, in real time,
as the analyst is performing their job.
The goal is to eliminate any variation from analyst to analyst, and this cannot be accomplished if there
is paper involved in the process. Everything needs to be electronic and automated.
Page | 29
Each step of the analysis process needs to be controlled, and this control needs to be automatic and –
for the most part - transparent to the user. Examples of having full control over the individual analyst
and the process include being able to:
Validate the correctness of the data in real time
Check training records before the procedure is started to ensure that the analyst has been
trained.
Check that the selected instrument is calibrated
Confirm that the selected batch of reagent has not expired
This functionality is available in Nexxis ELN, an ELN for the QA/QC lab that controls both the test that is
being run and each individual step in the test. With Nexxis ELN, the technology exists today to make all
of this possible. Once implemented, the whole process becomes paperless.
But what about workflow control of the whole lab? Can it be a paperless process?
Workflow control of the whole lab deals mostly with scheduling and allocation of resources – both
equipment and human. Many systems claim to have ‘workflow management’ capabilities, and they do
provide some aspect of the functionality – but despite these claims, true workflow management does
not exist as a commercial offering. Until it does, labs will not be completely paperless.
SO WHAT IS COMING DOWN THE PIPELINE? Perhaps the most interesting development in the last couple of years has been the introduction of a
new type of laboratory system called an iLAB or Integrated Lab. This system is a total lab solution that
enhances existing systems, like LIMS and chromatography data systems (CDS), by integrating them and
adding missing functionality such as real-time workflow control. The system works at both the bench
level and the lab level, giving it the potential to provide complete workflow control in the future.
For the analyst, the iLAB functions in a similar way to Microsoft Outlook. It provides a work schedule,
messaging system and planner, as well as a simple way to access the various applications operating in
the lab. It becomes the analyst’s dashboard and access point to their work, providing easy access to
the LIMS, ELN, SDMS and CDS at the same time.
For the manager, iLAB provides a control and real-time monitoring system for the whole lab. A
resource shortage is easily identified; approaching deadlines are highlighted; resources are
rescheduled as needed; and problems in the lab are automatically flagged so that immediate corrective
action can be taken.
With the introduction of the iLAB the possibility of a paperless lab has taken a huge step forward. The
key is the ability to integrate independent applications into a single system that provides real-time
Page | 30
automation and control at every level in the laboratory, eliminating manual processes and the paper
work that goes with them.
The process of going paperless still won’t be painless – but it will deliver tremendous improvements in
both the efficiency of the laboratory and the quality of the data collected.
Page | 31
Configuring an ELN for Routine Analyses
In laboratories that are performing routine analyses on a regular and on-going basis, there are real
advantages to having an ELN that simply records results and observations. Even more benefit can be
delivered to the laboratory by expanding the role of the ELN, making it a pro-active component
controlling the analytical process and ensuring that every aspect of an SOP is being fulfilled.
In this article we will take a step by step approach to configuring an electronic laboratory notebook,
starting with the most basic implementation and then showing the additional layers of automation,
logic and control that can be applied and the additional benefits that are introduced at each step of the
way.
Step 1 – Start by Eliminating the Paper The most basic goal of an ELN for Routine Analysis is to move from paper based systems to electronic
systems. So we can start by simply doing that, taking existing paper worksheets, documents or SOPs
that are used on a regular basis and creating simple electronic versions that can be managed by the
ELN.
It’s a real eye-opener to see how much benefit can be delivered by taking that first step and removing
the costs and inefficiencies associated with managing paper.
Eliminate illegibility problems created by hard to read manual data
recording An immediate advantage for even the simplest electronic worksheet is that you completely eliminate
the problem of having to decipher results that are hard to read because of illegible handwriting. A
simple electronic worksheet that lets analysts key in results, eliminates any doubts surrounding
“legibility”
Eliminate problems due to lost or damaged paper forms Paper forms and note books are extremely vulnerable to being misplaced or exposed to all kinds of
damage in the laboratory environment. With a simple electronic form we can quickly eliminate those
possibilities.
Simplify management of the worksheet lifecycle Even if we assume that paper worksheets never get lost or damaged, we still need to deal with
physically moving the paper through the cycle of scheduling, monitoring and reviewing completed
worksheets. Knowing where a certain worksheet is in that process can be a real challenge when you
are dealing with paper.
Page | 32
Eliminate paper storage and retrieval costs Moving from paper to electronic documents not only saves on physical storage costs, it also reduces
document retrieval time with direct on-line access to completed worksheets.
Provide better access to data With a paper system, when you finish your testing you still have a lot of work to do to make that data
available within the organization. Even a simple electronic worksheet can be setup to store results in a
database, where it is immediately accessible and ready to use.
So you can see that simply moving from paper to electronic documents delivers real and significant
advantages by increasing confidence in the data that is reported, simplifying management processes,
reducing storage and retrieval costs and providing better access to data.
Step 2 - Add automated data collection, calculations and limit checks With a simple, basic electronic worksheet in place, we continue to configure our ELN by adding
automation capabilities that deliver added value when executing routine analyses.
Collect data directly from instruments The simple worksheets that we have discussed so far have depended on the analyst to key in test
results, which is an improvement over writing them down on a piece of paper but it is still a process
that is open to error.
There is a rule of thumb in the industry that every level of transcription
incurs a 3 – 5% error rate. We can eliminate that possibility for error by
connecting with the lab instruments and collecting data directly from
the instruments right into the electronic worksheet.
Instead of manually entering results, analysts can automatically collect
and record data with a single click of a button.
With that one additional layer of automation we ensure that the data generated by the instrument is
the same data that is recorded in the worksheet, each and every time.
Automate calculations to ensure consistency and accuracy Once the data has been automatically collected into the worksheet, it makes sense to automate the
manual calculations that the analyst may need to do in order to produce a reportable result. These can
include weight corrections, applying dilution factors, averaging of results and so on.
Our users have told us that if there is one place in the lab where mistakes occur on a regular basis it is
with manual calculations and that significant time needs to be spent checking and correcting
calculation errors. When we automate these functions for them in the electronic worksheet, they not
Nexxis ELN includes an
Instrument Library that simplifies
data collection from over 400 of
the most popular laboratory
instruments.
Page | 33
only save time for the analyst, they also get a 100% reduction in calculation errors and get back the
time that is being spent reviewing the manual calculations.
They now have a consistent, accurate and documented process for calculations - that is being applied
each and every time.
Automate limit checks A result that comes directly from an instrument or that is the result of an automated calculation is
usually expected to fall within certain limits or test specifications.
Another layer of automation that we can build into our ELN is to apply those specifications to each
sample result, as it is collected or calculated, to see if it is within expected limits.
If a sample is out of limits, it can be highlighted so that the analyst will know right away, at the bench
level, if a sample fails the limit check. They can then take immediate action to either rerun the sample
or to ensure that all of the necessary materials are retained in order to facilitate a proper investigation
of the result.
Figure 1 Automate limit checks so analysts know right away if samples are out of specification
That completes the next step in configuring our ELN for routine analysis, taking the simple electronic
worksheet that we started with and adding automation that reduces analysts’ workload and increases
the consistency and quality of the process, by automating basic day to day data management
functions.
Step 3 - Provide step-by-step control over execution of the SOP The next step in configuring an ELN for Routine Analyses is to add a layer of logic to control completion
of the electronic worksheet.
In an environment where you are executing routine tests on a repeated basis, an ELN can be used to
create a very controlled environment that ensures that every aspect of an SOP is being followed and
that procedures are carried out the same way, every time.
Page | 34
Use Logon ID to control access to worksheets We can start by controlling access to the electronic worksheets based on the user that has logged onto
the system. Analysts can be limited to only working with worksheets that they are authorized to work
with. If an analyst isn’t authorized to run a certain test, then that analyst won’t have access to the
worksheet for that test.
Assign specific instruments to specific tests We can also apply the same principle to equipment and instrumentation that is used in the analytical
process. Electronic worksheets can be associated with specific pieces of equipment in the lab that
meet the requirements of the SOP. If a weighing application requires a balance that weighs to 5
decimal places then the worksheet can be setup to only allow analysts to use balances that meet that
requirement.
Figure 2: Analysts can select from
a drop down list of balances that
meet the requirements of the
SOP.
Ensure that each step in the SOP is completed correctly before continuing The worksheet can also be setup to provide step by step access to the procedure, only allowing the
analyst to move to the next step if they have fully and accurately completed all the requirements for
the current step.
For example, in Fig 2 you can see that an error message has been generated because the analyst tried
to take a pH reading for the first buffer without entering a buffer Lot number. You can also see that the
analyst can’t proceed to take a reading from the next buffer until the first reading has been
successfully completed.
Figure 3 Warning messages ensure that analysts follow SOP requirements
Page | 35
Include conditional branches (calibration, out-of specification) Logical controls can also be incorporated into the electronic worksheet so that if a particular condition
occurs (an instrument needs to be calibrated or a result is out of specification) the worksheet can
branch to a path that takes the analyst through the right steps to follow for that condition.
For example if a balance needs to be calibrated, the ELN worksheet can automatically branch to a
calibration procedure that needs to be successfully completed before continuing with the analysis.
Real time control over the execution of the analysis ensures that the SOP is followed, each and every
time.
Step 4 - Create a fully integrated informatics infrastructure We have one more layer to add before we finish configuring our ELN for Routine analyses – connecting
the ELN with other laboratory systems.
One of the strong advantages that we have seen of moving from paper to PC is that electronic data is
more accessible. So it makes perfect sense to share data and information between the ELN and your
other applications.
Instead of making analysts access a number of different applications to retrieve the information they
need or to update applications, a fully integrated informatics infrastructure delivers information to the
analyst and automatically updates other applications as work in the ELN is completed.
Connect with LIMS… An obvious and common example is to automatically send sample results from the ELN to LIMS. But
that is only half of the equation.
LIMS stores sample information, results from other tests, limit tables, etc, that is important to the
analytical process. Rather than have the analysts looking up this information it is more efficient to have
the ELN automatically retrieve this information from LIMS and deliver it to the analyst as they are
doing the analysis.
The exchange of data between the ELN and other systems is best if it is a two way exchange and if it
takes place in real time at the point of analysis.
Connect with inventory management… Another good example of two way information exchange is to have the ELN worksheet interact with an
inventory management system.
The worksheet can be setup to collect information from a bar code on the container of a solution that
is being used in a step of the worksheet.
Page | 36
The ELN can use that information to query an inventory system to confirm, right then and there, that
the solution is the right one for that step and that it has not passed its expiry date. When the step has
successfully completed, the ELN can automatically update the inventory to reflect the amount of
solution that was used in that step.
Connect with any informatics application… That principle of real time integration can be applied to the automated transfer of information back
and forth between the ELN and virtually any informatics application (calibration management, training
records, etc).
A fully integrated informatics infrastructure ensures that the information contained in all of your
systems is automatically included and updated as analyses are carried out.
Configuring an ELN for Routine Analyses – step by step We have seen how an ELN for Routine Analysis can deliver immediate benefit by simply eliminating
paper and then be built up from that point to include automation of manual tasks, control over SOP
requirements and integration with other informatics applications, delivering increasing benefits at
each step of the way.
A properly selected ELN will allow you to select where in that process you want to start with the
implementation. It will let you convert paper worksheets into simple electronic documents as a
starting phase and then add automated data collection and calculations as needed.
When all of the automation has been added the result is a sophisticated electronic laboratory
notebook that transforms paper based manual analyses into electronic processes that are fully
integrated into the day to day operation of the laboratory.
Page | 37
Laboratory Resource Management - If it isn’t in real-time, when is it?
Management of laboratory resources (i.e. personnel, inventory and instrumentation) has developed in
two directions - paper based systems and electronic systems (spreadsheets, stand-alone applications,
LIMS modules). Both systems are used to record and store information regarding resource suitability,
availability and usage.
Both of these approaches suffer from two inherent drawbacks:
1. They are open to inaccuracies due to errors and omissions because they depend on laboratory personnel to manually keep them up to date and accurate.
2. They are not able to control resource use because they are not directly connected with the activities in the laboratory that use resources.
In this article we will see how both of these drawbacks can be eliminated through real-time, event
driven integration of resource management with laboratory activities.
What is real-time, event driven integration? In the context of laboratory informatics, real-time, event driven integration refers to the ability to
transfer information between two separate processes or applications - at precisely the time that the
information is needed or generated. A specific event is used to identify exactly when the transfer of
information should take place.
A simple example is that of using an interfacing solution like LimsLink to transfer data from a
laboratory instrument to a LIMS. As soon as the instrument creates a result, LimsLink captures that
result and transfers it to LIMS. The integration is driven by a specific event (generation of the result)
and it is happening in real-time (as soon as the result is available).
How does that get applied to resource management? As we mentioned earlier there are two drawbacks to resource management that want to resolve. We
want to be able to control the use of resources and we want to be sure that the information we have
about resources is always accurate and up to date. So there are two points, where we can apply real-
time, event driven integration - when resources need to be used and when resources are created or
updated.
Page | 38
Example A chemist needs to weigh out 5 grams of chemical A. To do that the chemist needs to use two
resources - a balance and chemical A.
Without real-time event driven integration, the chemist needs to take a number of manual steps in
order to make sure that these two resources are available and suitable - does the balance meet the
precision requirements of the SOP, has the balance been calibrated, is the material that they have in
their hand actually chemical A and is it within its expiry date?
Most of the time, those checks will be done and done correctly. But because they are manual
processes, there will be occasion when errors and omissions will occur.
With real-time, event driven integration that single event - the need to weigh 5 grams of chemical A -
will initiate real-time integration with two applications. There will be an automatic check with the
calibration management application to confirm that the balance has been calibrated and that it meets
the SOP requirements. There will also be an automated check with the inventory management
application to confirm the suitability and availability of chemical A.
The next event, actually weighing out the material, provides another opportunity for real-time
integration. Instead of depending on the analyst to subtract the 5 grams of chemical A from inventory,
we can use real-time integration to automatically adjust the inventory level.
When a resource is needed - real-time, event driven integration can automatically check to see if it is
available and if it meets the requirements for the procedure (is the analyst fully trained, is the
instrument calibrated, is the chemical within its expiry date).
When a resource is used or created - real-time, event driven integration can automatically update the
application managing that resource (record completion of training, record calibration of instrument,
adjust inventory levels)
How do you create real time, event driven resource management? The very first step in creating real-time, event driven resource management is to get rid of paper.
Paper based systems can’t be automated and they can’t talk to each other.
Your resource management applications (training, inventory, calibration) need to move from paper (or
spreadsheets) to database applications that can be queried and updated in real time. This can be done
within LIMS or using stand-alone applications. The key is that these applications need to be able to
communicate with other applications.
Page | 39
You also need to transform the many resource intensive activities in the laboratory, like sample
preparation, that are paper based. An Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN) can replace that paper
with electronic forms that control the step by step execution of the procedure and communicate with
other applications, as the procedure is being carried out. With the paper gone, the ELN becomes the
focal point for real-time, event driven resource management.
Every time an event in a process uses a resource, the ELN can confirm with the appropriate resource
management application that the resource is available and meets the SOP requirements. Every time a
resource is used or created, the ELN can automatically update the appropriate resource manager.
What are the benefits of real-time, event driven resource management? At the beginning of this article we identified two significant drawbacks to most resource management
systems - inaccuracies due to errors and omissions in manual processes and lack of control over the
use of resources.
The process we have described for implementing real-time, event driven resource management
introduces real benefits for the laboratory by overcoming those drawbacks:
Mistakes are caught before they happen o Availability and suitability of resources is confirmed before they are used
Resource information is always accurate and up to date o Event driven automation removes the human factor from resource management
Reduced overhead for analysts o Manual tasks are taken away giving them more time to focus on execution
Documentation is quickly and easily available electronically for investigation, audit or inspection
o Electronic forms are stored in SDMS
A totally integrated lab solution can provide these benefits today.
Page | 40
Why Doesn’t a Traditional Electronic Laboratory Notebook Work in a QA/QC Lab?
Historically, Electronic Laboratory Notebooks have been designed to accommodate research
laboratories. Little, if any, consideration has been given to the needs of QA/QC labs. However, the
requirements of QA/QC labs are significantly different from research labs. This article will discuss these
differences and identify the requirements of an ELN for the QA/QC lab.
R&D Requirements The traditional view of an ELN is that it is an R&D tool. It provides three main functions to the R&D lab:
A means to document and protect intellectual property and meet legal requirements for
patenting new discoveries
Documentation throughout the discovery process to meet regulatory requirements
A collaboration platform so that scientists can share their research with their colleagues
In an R&D environment the ideal ELN is one that provides the most flexibility and freedom for the
researcher – a blank page that allows the researcher to do anything that they would in a paper
notebook. The researcher should be able to record data, make observations, describe procedures and
include images, drawings and diagrams.
All information related to their research should be stored electronically in a format that allows for easy
retrieval and sharing with other researchers. The format also needs to be flexible enough to adapt to
changing requirements as the research program moves through successive stages.
QA/AC Requirements The requirements for an ELN are quite different in a QA/QC environment. Quality Departments
typically conduct routine tests. They, therefore, need a structured environment to ensure that they
conduct these tests the same way every time. To do this they use worksheets and/or Standard
Operating Procedures to help guide the analysts through the testing process.
Page | 41
Sample of a paper worksheet converted to an electronic spreadsheet
An ELN for the QA/QC lab should create an electronic version of your existing worksheet. An ELN
should not dictate how you do business; it should just help you to get it done more efficiently and
effectively.
The freedom and flexibility that is found in the R&D lab gives way to the need in the QA/QC lab to
control the information that is recorded, in order to ensure that it provides a consistent and accurate
base for monitoring production quality. This requires a more structured environment for data
collection that ensures analysts adhere to established SOPs laid out in the worksheet.
Once the worksheet is completed it typically needs to be approved and in many cases that approval
process is multi-layered. An ELN can help to manage and expedite that approval process to ensure it is
followed and completed without anyone having to track down a paper worksheet.
The data that is collected in the QA lab must be available to existing systems such as Laboratory
Information Management Systems (LIMS), Process Information Management Systems (PIMS), and
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems such as SAP. All of this must be accomplished in an
environment that fully meets the laboratory and regulatory security requirements.
Based on the requirements we have identified for the R&D lab versus the QA/QC lab it is easy to see
why a traditional ELN that has been developed for an R&D lab does not satisfy the needs of a QA/QC
lab. The remainder of this article will focus on providing an overview of how an ELN can be designed to
accommodate the needs of the Quality Department.
A Structured Environment for Data Collection
The starting point for creating a structured environment for data collection is to eliminate manual
transcription of data. Automatically collecting data directly from the instruments ensures that the data
generated by the samples is the data that is recorded in the ELN. There is no room in the QA/QC lab for
inaccurate or inconsistent data that is the result of manual data collection and entry errors.
Page | 42
An ELN that automatically collects data directly from your instruments provides many benefits:
Eliminate manual data entry
Reduce transcription errors
Automate calculations
Ensure data falls within specified limits
Automate and Control the SOP In a QA/QC lab Standard Operating Procedures are developed to ensure the accuracy and consistency
of sample data. It is essential that these procedures be followed exactly, for each and every analysis. If
a sample result is out of range the lab knows that it is because of something in the sample and not in
the way it was analyzed.
Ensuring that an SOP is being followed means monitoring and controlling all the parameters involved in
the analysis including:
Ensuring the appropriate instrumentation is being used to conduct the test
Ensuring instrumentation has been properly calibrated
Verifying the analyst is qualified to conduct the test
Controlling the execution of each specific step of the procedure
Automating the worksheet ensures full control and documentation of every aspect of the analysis.
Integrate With Existing Systems
For many QA/QC laboratories, being able to store data in the ELN would be a duplication of the
capabilities they currently have with their existing storage facilities.
If a laboratory already has a LIMS, ERP or other data management system, it makes sense to use these
applications to store the data collected by the ELN. An ELN that can integrate with these systems will
provide the most effective and productive use of existing resources.
Not only should an ELN be able to store data in these systems, the ELN should also use them as a
source of information that is critical to the SOP. The ELN can query a LIMS for a worklist of samples
that need to be run, or automatically look up calibration records for the instrument that is being used,
or even check sample results against a table of limits for the analysis that is being run.
The ability to interact with a wide variety of existing systems and to fully incorporate those systems
into the automation of the SOP leverages your current investment in technologies.
Page | 43
Meet Security Requirements Data security and regulatory compliance are important issues for any QA/QC laboratory. Put quite
simply, data that is captured electronically must be protected from any possible means of corruption at
any point in the creation, collection and reporting system.
Password protection, electronic signatures, audit trails and archiving are all components that can be
implemented to provide the level of security that meets regulatory compliance requirements.
An ELN for the QA/QC Lab
This article has discussed how the requirements for an ELN in a quality environment are quite different
than those in R&D. QA/QC labs have routine tests that they conduct using standard worksheets. An
ELN needs to automate those existing worksheets to make it easy for analysts to use.
In the QA/QC lab, the need for freedom and flexibility found in the R&D lab is replaced by a need for
structure and control.
An ELN that uses instrument interfacing and SOP and approval process management as its core
components can meet QA/QC laboratory requirements in a way that is unmatched by any other
solution. This solution allows the laboratory to create a secure, structured data collection and
information management environment that is based on their established practices and procedures and
is fully integrated with their existing information management systems.
Page | 45
The Automation Dilemma
The automation dilemma exists between customers and vendors. The customer understands their
business and the specific problem that they need to solve, but they don’t fully understand the best way
to use available technology to solve the problems. In fairness to the customer it is always hard to
visualize a solution without seeing it. The vendor understands the technology and knows how to solve
problems with their products. Unfortunately they really don’t understand the specific problems of a
customer.
This is the automation dilemma; two parties who do not really understand each other’s problems and
solutions.
The Laboratory Automation Plan (LAP) In an effort to solve the automation dilemma, Labtronics Inc developed the Laboratory Automation
Plan (LAP). This plan follows a 4 step process:
Step 1. Labtronics engineers perform a site visit so that they can see the lab workflow first
hand. They interview management to better understand the key problem areas of the
business. They also spend time with the analysts to get a detailed understanding of the
workflow and the processes used.
Step 2. Labtronics uses the information gained to develop a detailed analysis of the workflow,
identifying bottlenecks and areas which could be improved by automation.
Step 3. Labtronics develops a detailed automation plan to solve the key problems
Step 4. Labtronics and the customer review the plan so that there is full understanding on
both sides of the table.
To better understand the benefits of a Laboratory Automation Plan it is instructional to examine one in
more detail. The following description uses examples from an actual LAP with some of the names
changed to protect the confidentiality of the client.
The Problems This client is a service testing laboratory that approached Labtronics with a couple of general problems.
Firstly, they had a centralized LIMS that tracked results, but most of the analytical data resided on
paper in a number of satellite labs. Reviewing any data except final results was a very laborious
process.
Secondly, they felt that they should be able to improve operational efficiency by eliminating some of
the paper currently being used in their processes.
Page | 46
The client had an automation dilemma. They understood the problem, but they did not know which
technology would be best to solve their problem nor did they have a way to go about trying to
understand various options. The client agreed to have Labtronics develop an LAP.
The Analysis - the Role of LIMS An analysis of the lab’s overall workflow was performed to determine which parts of the lab are
automated and which are not. That analysis led to an understanding of the role of LIMS, which is
illustrated by the chart below (Figure 1).
Figure 1: The Role of LIMS
The chart clearly shows that although the LIMS is an important automation tool in the lab it does not
assist in the automation of the majority of the work being done in the lab. Most of the tasks where
LIMS is not involved are still manual and paper based tasks. These tasks can certainly be made more
efficient using automation.
This is fairly typical for most labs. The LIMS is an important part of the automation solution, but its role
is limited and it plays only a minor role for the analyst at the bench level.
This client had a number of testing facilities across the country that all reported results to a central
LIMS. It was easy for management and for the QC/QA group to view results in the LIMS.
However, the LIMS did not store raw data nor did it store any of the QC data. Without this information
it was next to impossible to really understand the results. If a problem had to be researched or if the
QC department wanted to analyze QC data across a number of sites, the information had to be
collected manually. Each lab had to be notified and they had to manually search through their filing
system to collect the needed data. Clearly this was not an efficient system.
Page | 47
The Analysis - Understanding Workflow The next step is to better understand specific details of the workflow at the bench level. In order to do
this the Labtronics engineers spent time with the analysts getting time data about each step in the
process. This data was collected for a variety of tests including some that are highly automated such as
chromatography and some that are mostly manual such as pH measurements.
The following is an example of one of the time studies included in the LAP (Figure 2). The test is broken
down into categories such as sample preparation, analysis, reporting and archiving. The results are
recorded for the current process and these are compared to the same process after it has been
automated by Nexxis iLAB.
In this example, the analyst takes the instrument results and performs a fairly complex process for
compound identification using an excel spreadsheet. Much of this work can be automated.
Data is currently entered into LIMS manually and the sample reporting step can be eliminated
completely by automation. This automated reporting process will also eliminate the archiving step.
The following table (Figure 2) shows results for a test cycle of 100 samples.
Test Name: Test A
Lab Role: Chemist
Step Time Step Time
(documented
hours per test
cycle)
(As per Lab
Automation Plan)
Sample Preparation 1.00 13.30% 1.00 40.00%
Sample Analysis 4.00 53.30% 1.50 60.00%
Sample Reporting 2.00 26.70% 0.00 0.00%
Data Archiving 0.50 6.70% 0.00 0.00%
Number of work
hours per day:
Maximum Number of
test cycles per day:
Potential Sample through-put
Improvement:N/A 300%
Nexxis iLAB ProcessCurrent Process
3.2 per analyst1.1 per analyst
Comments / Explanation:
Sample analysis time and AIMS
reporting time consume 6 hours
out of an 8 hour day.
With sample analysis time reduced
greatly, and sample reporting time
eliminated, analyst can focus on
testing.
Reduction in Analyst Time per Test
Cycle:N/A 67%
Analyst
Percent of Test
Cycle Time spent
on Each Task
Percent of Test
Cycle Time spent
on Each Task
Hours Required to
Complete 1 test
cycle:
7.5
Rate Limiting Step:Time spent by Analyst to prepare
sample, perform analysis, and Instrument Capacity
8 8
2.5
Figure 2: Productivity Summary for Test A
The LAP also provides the results in a more graphical format to make it easier for the client to
understand the data. The following charts show the same data as above.
Page | 48
Figure 3: Productivity comparison Current Process vs. Nexxis iLAB Process
Fig 3a: Time spent on operations using current process Fig 3b: Time saved using Nexxis iLab
The Analysis - Potential for Automation The table below (Figure 4) shows a summary of the data for a number of tests. It is important to
analyze a number of different tests since each one has a different potential for automation.
Page | 49
Figure 4: Productivity Improvements with Nexxis iLAB
In addition to looking at the time that can be saved with automation, this table also looks at the tests
from different points of view.
Staffing Efficiencies - evaluates the ability to reduce the manpower after automation.
Increased Sample Throughput - looks at the ability to increase the number of samples being
analyzed. This looks at things such as the available instruments, and their ability to handle
larger sample loading.
Instrument Consolidation - is a measure of the ability to reduce the number of existing
instruments. In a case where there are several similar instruments an increase in efficiency
may result in the ability to eliminate an older instrument. For example, the time saved by
Nexxis iLAB in Tests A and B allows those instruments to be used for Test C as well allowing the
client to retire an old instrument and save significant maintenance expense.
Efficiency is just one way to analyze the value of automation. The LAP also looks at other evaluation
techniques.
In this example tests B and D are performed by more skilled labor and the hourly cost is higher.
Even though the time saving for test D is not great, the cost savings are significant.
Page | 50
Test H has one of the lowest efficiency improvements but the test involves many manual
calculations which lead to a higher error rate than is found on some more automated tests.
The real value of automating these tests is an improvement in quality not an improvement in
efficiency.
The Analysis - Comparison of Sites For this client the LAP was performed at one of their main sites. The client then decided to repeat the
process at 4 more sites on their own. The goal here was to verify the data Labtronics had produced.
This effort resulted in two important findings:
a) The data in the original LAP compared well with the average of the clients findings, validating
the original LAP
b) The client found large differences from site to site (Figure 5).
Site 1
Current
Process
Site 2
Current
Process
Site 3
Current
Process
Site 4
Current
Process
Site 5
Current
Process
AVERAGES
Time Spent
on Task
(minutes)
Time Spent
on Task
(minutes)
Time Spent
on Task
(minutes)
Time Spent
on Task
(minutes)
Time Spent
on Task
(minutes)
Time Spent
on Task
(minutes)
Samples
prep115 45 188 54 24 85
Samples
analysis119 40 54 54 48 63
Samples
reporting30 11 18 11 24 19
Archiving 30 30 30 15 6 22
Calculated
Cycle Time
with
Current
Process
294 126 290 134 102 189
Improvement
from current
process
using iLab
Samples
prep115 45 188 54 24 85 0%
Samples
analysis38 13 17 17 15 20 68%
Samples
reporting0 0 0 0 0 0 100%
Archiving 0 0 0 0 0 0 100%
Calculated
Cycle Time
with
Nexxis
iLAB
153 58 205 71 39 105 45%
48% 54% 29% 47% 62% 45% N/ACalculated Reduction
per Cycle with Nexxis
Laboratory Locations:
Analysis Breakdown:
Current
Process
Collected Laboratory Task Times for Each Lab
Nexxis
iLAB
Process
Calculated iLAB Task Equivalents for Each Lab
Figure 5: Comparison of sites
The results from the sites indicated that there was more than a 100% difference in the time it took to
perform the same test between sites. The reason for this is that each site uses a different procedure
Page | 51
for the test. When this client automates, they plan to use an ELN to manage many of these tests. This
will make it easy for them to select the most efficient test processes and standardize on them across all
sites. This standardization alone will have dramatic impact on their overall efficiency.
The Result The Laboratory Automation Plan provided a very detailed study of the client’s processes in one lab. The
information was so useful that they decided to expand the study to other satellite labs.
In addition to providing the financial evidence that was needed to justify automation, the study also
provided the client with a detailed proposal on which areas to automate, and which technology would
be best to accomplish the automation.
The client was looking for an overall productivity improvement of 20% and they concluded that the
proposed automation would give them that. In addition to the improvement they would also achieve
some softer goals such as;
a) Elimination of transcription errors resulting in higher quality results
b) Standardization which makes it easier to gain ISO 17025 compliance
c) Centralized storage of documents and raw data ensuring that such data is not lost
d) Ability for QC/QA to easily perform audits at the site level
The client is in the process of implementing a Nexxis iLAB system which will include:
1) Integration between instruments and the LIMS
2) An ELN to automate work at the lab bench
3) An SDMS for the central storage of information.
Once this implementation is complete the automation in the lab will look more like this (Figure 6):
Page | 52
Figure 6: The Integrated Lab
As a second phase in the project, the client will consider automating with the Nexxis iLAB chemical
inventory system and instrument calibration system as well. This will have an impact on both efficiency
and the quality of the results.
Page | 53
The Real Costs of Paper in the Laboratory
A study that looked at the life cycle of paper in a typical office environment determined that a sheet of
paper that cost $.003 to purchase ends up costing the company $.0447 by the time it is finally disposed
of. [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/5676508/The-Real-Cost-of-Paper]
That is almost 15 times the original purchase price of the paper. Who would have imagined?
In the office environment those costs come from photocopying, printing, faxing, mailing, couriers,
storage and disposal of paper.
In the laboratory environment any or all of those costs can be applied plus specific costs related to:
Illegible and inaccurate data recording
Investigation and rework when forms are lost or damaged
Managing paper documents through the cycle of scheduling, completing, reviewing and
reporting
The extremely long term storage requirements for meeting regulatory and legal requirements
Even with the tremendous impact of laboratory informatics applications (LIMS, Chromatography Data
Systems, SDMS, etc) much of a laboratories day-to-day routine operations are still carried out using
paper-based systems for everything from recording test results to managing chemical inventories to
documenting and scheduling instrument calibrations.
This reliance on paper is not just expensive, it also decreases the efficiency of the laboratory workplace
and leaves the laboratory vulnerable to having valuable data misplaced, lost or destroyed.
So where do we begin to measure the real cost of paper in the laboratory? A good place to start is by
looking at how data is recorded in a paper-based system.
Inaccurate and Illegible Data Recording When busy technicians are manually recording information - everything from writing test results on
worksheets to entering inventory levels in notebooks - they are going to make errors. Numbers will get
transposed, entries will get left out and updates will get overlooked. That’s a fact of life.
They also may not always take the time to make sure that every entry is absolutely clear and legible. Is
that a “5” or is it an “8” or is it a “3”?
Page | 54
So the laboratory ends up spending time and money on reviewing these results and entries. And there
is always the risk that when these results are being reviewed by another analyst or a supervisor, they
might not catch the error or they may incorrectly decipher an illegible number.
By comparison, electronic systems immediately eliminate any costs associated with illegible data as
results and entries are no longer handwritten. Inaccurate recording of test results can be completely
eliminated by collecting data directly from lab instruments.
Invalid or overlooked entries for systems like inventory management can be eliminated by connecting
those systems directly with the processes. For example when a step in an electronic worksheet calls for
5ml of a solution, the inventory management application can be automatically updated by having the
electronic worksheet deduct the 5ml of solution from the inventory database, as soon as the step is
completed.
Electronic forms eliminate the costs associated with manual data recording and manual updating of
paper-based systems.
Lost or damaged paper forms Even if all of the information is recorded 100% accurately and legibly, paper forms and note books are
still extremely vulnerable to being misplaced or exposed to damage in the laboratory environment.
Chemicals or even a cup of coffee can be accidently spilled on a lab notebook. A test worksheet can get
lost in the “In Basket shuffle”.
US companies spend about $20 in labor to file a document, $120 in labor to find a misfiled document
and $220 to reproduce a lost document. —Cooper & Lybrands
15% of all papers are lost, 30% of our time is used trying to find these lost documents -Delphi Group
In the laboratory, documents that are misplaced, lost or damaged create real costs for the organization
due to the investigation and rework required to replace the results that have been lost with the paper.
There is also the very real risk of misreporting data or delaying the reporting of critical data to a client
or a key decision maker.
In a paperless laboratory, electronic forms can be easily and cost effectively backed up and stored
eliminating the costs and concerns of lost or damaged forms.
Managing the paper lifecycle A real shortcoming of paper is that it can only be in one place at a time. So even if we assume that
paper worksheets never get lost or damaged, we still need to deal with physically moving the paper
through the lab as it goes through the cycle of scheduling, completing, reviewing and reporting.
Page | 55
Knowing where a certain worksheet is in that process can be difficult, making it a real challenge for
managers and supervisors to effectively monitor and manage laboratory workflow. Time is lost,
resources may not be effectively allocated and reporting can be delayed at almost every step of the
way.
On-line management of laboratory forms and information makes supervisors and managers much
more efficient at scheduling, monitoring, and balancing the laboratory workload.
A critical part of the laboratory lifecycle is making test results available to end users and clients as
quickly as possible. With a paper system, when you finish your testing you still have a lot of work to do
to make the results available within the organization. Time and money are spent manually transferring
those results from paper into informatics systems for reporting and storage.
Test results that are recorded electronically can be transferred into informatics systems electronically
eliminating manual data transfer costs and making the results immediately accessible and ready to
use.
Paper storage and retrieval costs In addition to the initial cost of purchasing paper, laboratories face additional costs of having to
maintain records and have them accessible over the long term in order to protect intellectual property,
meet regulatory requirements and provide historical documentation of test results.
On-site and off-site storage and retrieval of paper documents is a cost that only increases as time goes
by as volumes of paper and costs for storage continually increase.
A surprising number of laboratories end up spending time and resources on scanning paper documents
so that they can be stored in a Document Management System. Moving to a paperless laboratory will
eliminate that cost as information that is already electronic can be transferred directly into the
Document Management System.
Whether or not you have a Document Management System, being able to store documents
electronically rather than physically is going to generate ongoing savings by eliminating the costs of
long term storage and providing faster access to archived documents when they are needed.
And of course with an electronic document, your chances of losing or misplacing the document are
almost non-existent.
Free ROI Calculator for ELN
Determine the real dollars and cents
value of an ELN project at your lab.
Click here to download.
Page | 56
Conclusion The initial cost of buying paper, paper forms and notebooks is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes
to determining the real costs of paper in the laboratory. At every step of the way the inflexibility of
paper, the opportunities for error, the risks of loss or damage all add up to costs that far exceed the
original purchase price.
Transferring from paper systems to electronic management of data and systems in the laboratory is a
clear investment in reducing costs and improving laboratory efficiency.
Page | 57
Laboratory Data - Safety, Security and Traceability
Laboratories working in all industries and sectors face legal, regulatory and corporate requirements to
provide secure and ongoing access to the data and documentation that supports their reported test
results. At any time they may be called upon to provide evidence of how a result was determined and
to prove that the result they reported is indeed the correct result. This can be as a result of a customer
audit, a corporate audit, a regulatory investigation or even a legal proceeding.
In a paper based environment, safely and securely storing paper documents and being able to access
them in a timely manner is both time consuming and expensive.
Safety and Security “Companies on average spend $25,000 to fill a typical four-drawer file cabinet, and $2,000 to maintain
it annually “. The Delphi Group
As surprising as that figure might be, a room full of filing cabinets or storage boxes is only the start of
paper related storage costs for today’s laboratory.
In most cases, even more costly off-site storage needs to be maintained for long term storage of
documents in order to meet regulatory requirements, protect intellectual property and provide
historical or legal documentation of analytical results.
In addition to the physical costs of storage there are also procedural costs related to managing the
physical transfer of documents through multiple levels of storage and tracking their location in order to
be able to retrieve them as they are needed.
Laboratories also need to consider the safety and security of their business as it relates to their data.
What are the potential consequences of losing all or part of their paper based data and
documentation?
70% of today’s businesses would fail within three weeks if they suffered a catastrophic loss of paper-
based records due to fire or flood - Coopers & Lybrand
Losing a single analytical result because a piece of paper has been lost is costly for a laboratory in
terms of the time and resources required to redo an analysis. Losing a significant portion of their
paper documentation could prove to be disastrous.
Some laboratories have recognized that electronic storage of documents is safer, more secure and
more cost effective than on paper, so they are now scanning all of their paper documents and storing
Page | 58
those scanned documents electronically. Unfortunately, the cost of scanning those documents
significantly reduces the cost benefits of electronic storage.
The most effective way to reduce storage costs and ensure the safety and security of documents is to
manage them electronically throughout the entire document lifecycle.
Traceability A key requirement for analytical laboratories is traceability of results, the ability to show on a step by
step basis how an analytical result was generated. The supporting documentation that meets this
requirement for even a single sample can include instrument results, calibration information, solution
preparation procedures, certificates of analysis for raw materials and more. It isn’t uncommon for the
QA documentation for a single test to run into dozens of pages.
In a paper based system, accessing those documents as part of a problem investigation or an audit
means having to manually search through boxes of forms that have been put away in filing cabinets,
stacked in a store room or even sent to an offsite storage site.
A study conducted by Price Waterhouse required a staff of paralegals to search over 10,000 documents
looking for a specific topic, author and date range. Manually searching through paper files turned up 15
documents in 67 hours. The same search done electronically found 20 documents in 4.5 seconds.
That study points out two critical concerns that every laboratory should have with traceability and
their paper based systems:
1. The amount of time it takes to manually search for documents and the cost of that time to the
organization. The sheer speed of searching electronically is a clear advantage over searching
manually.
2. The likelihood that key documentation that supports the traceability of a result may not be
found in a manual search. In the study 25% (5 out of 20) of the documents that met the search
criteria were not found in the manual search.
When documents are stored electronically instead of on paper, laboratories can very quickly and
accurately identify and retrieve all of the documentation that they need in order to resolve problems
or to satisfy auditors and investigators.
Managing Documents Electronically As mentioned earlier, the most effective way to manage documents is to manage them electronically
throughout their entire life cycle. Even a hybrid solution that combines paper and electronic forms
management is still subject to many of the costs, inefficiencies and risks of a purely paper based
system.
Page | 59
When properly integrated, an ELN with an SDMS will work together to provide laboratories with
paperless management of their laboratory documentation from data generation right through to long
term storage and retrieval.
PDF documents that are created in ELN can be sent to SDMS where they can be archived, searched and
retrieved electronically. This gives laboratories a cost effective solution for managing the entire
lifecycle of a document electronically and also provides them with fast, secure and accurate access to
the documentation.
For example, if a particular lot number of a solution or a reagent or a chemical is found to be suspect,
the laboratory can very quickly establish the scope and impact of the problem by searching the SDMS
to find all of the ELN worksheets that reference the suspect material. Manually searching through
paper documents to find that information would be extremely time consuming and would not provide
the same level of accuracy.
Conclusion Electronic management of scientific data and documentation ensures the security, safety and
traceability of analytical results at a level that simply isn’t possible with paper based systems.
Page | 60
Go Paperless and Improve Procedural Execution
Along with the cost benefits of eliminating paper, implementing an Electronic Laboratory Notebook
(ELN) for Routine Analyses provides laboratories with an opportunity to also improve their procedural
execution by providing a level of control and automation over every aspect of their routine analyses
that is simply not possible in a paper-based environment.
Analysts work more efficiently as they have direct access to the information that they need to
run their tests
Automated data collection, calculations and limit checking eliminates opportunities for error
and reduces time spent on peer review
Advanced control over procedural execution eliminates rework and investigation due to
procedural errors
On-line review of electronic forms eliminates costs and delays of circulating paper through the
review process
On-line access to completed forms simplifies problem investigation and resolution
Let’s look at each of those points in more detail to see the real improvements in procedural execution
that an Electronic Laboratory Notebook for Routine Analyses can deliver - every single day.
Get the information you need, when you need it With a paper based system there can be a lot of up front work required to gather the information that
is needed to run even a simple test.
Analysts may have to access LIMS to generate a work list. They might have to look up the SOP in the
Document Management System to confirm the details of the analytical procedure. Then they may
need to find out if their instrument has been calibrated or if the reagents they are using haven’t
expired, or if there is enough reagent in inventory… and it just goes on and on.
This all takes time and reduces the efficiency of the laboratory.
An ELN that is integrated with your other laboratory informatics systems can automatically deliver all
of this information right to the analyst right at the time of analysis. The ELN can pull a work list from
LIMS, check chemical inventory levels and expiry dates, confirm that instruments have been calibrated
and even give the analyst direct access to the SOP.
Page | 61
Rather than having analysts search through a variety of different resources in order to compile that
information themselves, a well implemented ELN is going to remove that responsibility from the
analysts’ shoulders and free them up for more productive activities.
Analysts can focus on the execution of the test with the confidence that the information they are
working with is accurate and up to date.
Eliminate opportunities for errors During the analysis, an ELN can automate manual functions such as data collection, calculations and
limit checking. When these functions are automated you not only reduce the analyst’s workload you
also eliminate any opportunity for errors.
You can have real confidence that data is always accurately recorded, that calculations are always
correct and that out-of –specification results are always caught.
This “right first time” environment generates additional benefits by reducing the amount of time that
analysts and supervisory staff need to spend on data review.
Real time control over procedural execution An ELN for Routine Analyses can create a very controlled environment that interacts with the analyst
and other informatics systems at the time of analysis to ensure that every aspect of an SOP is being
followed and that procedures are carried out the same way, every time.
Access to the electronic worksheets can be controlled so that analysts are only working with
worksheets that they are authorized to work with. If an analyst isn’t authorized to run a certain test,
then they won’t have access to the worksheet for that test.
The same principle can also be applied to equipment and instrumentation that is used in the analytical
process. Electronic worksheets can be associated with specific pieces of equipment in the lab that
meet the requirements of the SOP. For example, if a weighing application requires a balance that
weighs to 5 decimal places then the worksheet can be setup to only allow analysts to use balances that
meet those criteria.
The worksheet can also be setup to provide step by step access to the procedure, only allowing the
analyst to move to the next step once they have fully and accurately completed all the requirements
for the current step.
Logical controls can also be incorporated into the electronic worksheet so that if a particular condition
occurs (an instrument needs to be calibrated or a result is out of specification) the worksheet can
branch to a path that takes the analyst through the right steps to follow for that condition.
Page | 62
Real time control over the execution of the analysis ensures that every aspect of the SOP is followed,
each and every time.
Review and approve on-line. We have already seen that the “right first time” environment in an electronic worksheet can reduce
the amount of time that is spent on data review. In addition to that, a paperless notebook makes it
much easier and more efficient to circulate results through the review and approval process.
Moving a paper document from desk to desk in order to get approvals is not a model of efficiency. It is
a slow process at best and in worst case scenarios documents can easily get “lost” or “misplaced”. If
someone needs to see results right away it can be a real challenge to find out whose desk those results
are on and if they have been approved or not.
With an electronic system we improve the review and approval process by eliminating the time and
energy that is spent on paper management. When a document is ready to review, it can be accessed
on-line at the click of a mouse. As soon as one person is done it is immediately ready and available for
the next person to review.
If someone needs to know the status of a certain test result right away, the laboratory has direct on-
line access to all of the worksheets and can see exactly where they are in the review and approval
process.
In a paperless system, when the last review is done you don’t have to wait while the data is entered
into a LIMS or other informatics systems before it becomes available for use. The instant it receives
final approval, data can be automatically transferred to these systems and available for clients and
decision makers.
Speed up problem investigation and resolution Even in a paperless lab issues can come up that are beyond your control. Fortunately being paperless
can help you to quickly identify the extent of the problem and prepare the most effective plan for
resolving the issue.
For example, a laboratory may receive notice that there is a problem with a particular lot of a solution
that they received from one of their suppliers. In a paper environment, identifying the scope of that
problem will require manually searching through paper documents and notebooks to try and find all of
the tests that may have been impacted by that suspect solution.
That task can require hours of valuable time and can be made even more difficult if the documents
have already been archived or sent to an off-site storage facility.
With an ELN for Routine Analyses that process can be completed in minutes. With a simple search of
the ELN database you can know right away exactly which tests were affected by the suspect solution.
Page | 63
Keeping Tabs on the Lab - Real Time, On-line Management of Laboratory Workload
What do you do when rush samples show up and the lead analyst doesn’t?
Grab your running shoes… If you are the lab manager, you might want to grab your running
shoes because you are going to have to be ready to quickly assess
what resources you have available, what the workload is in the lab
and what the immediate priorities are - in order to figure out how
to get those rush samples run and still keep the rest of the lab
flowing efficiently.
In a paper-based environment, it can take some real running
around to pull all of that information together and do it quickly.
You may have to start by going through a logbook to get an idea of how much work has been assigned
and which analysts it has been assigned to. Then you will probably need to track down each analyst to
determine the status and the priority of the work that they already have on the go and how long it will
take to complete.
Of course the analysts will probably need to track down all of
their worksheets or notebooks before they can provide you with
the information that you need.
When all of that information is finally collected and compiled,
then you can start to work out who might be available to run
those rush samples and when they will have time to do it.
Or find a better way… In a world where time is of the essence and priorities are continually shifting, lab managers and
supervisors need a more effective way to access the information they need to manage and balance
laboratory workload – in real time.
Nexxis ELN provides better access to that information by moving paper-based analyses into the
electronic environment and giving the lab a truly effective tool for real time scheduling, monitoring and
balancing of the laboratory workload.
Page | 64
All of the information that is needed to manage the efficient and productive flow of samples through
the laboratory, is made available on-line and organized to provide a meaningful at-a-glance picture
of real time workflow in the lab.
All the information you need, right on your desktop… When those rush samples show up, instead of having to track down analysts, worksheets and log
books, you can use the Nexxis ELN web client to see, right from your desktop, the current, real time
status of all the worksheets that have been assigned in the lab.
Nexxis ELN shows at-a-glance which worksheets haven’t been started, which are in process, and how
many worksheets are scheduled to be completed that day for each
analyst.
With that information at your fingertips, you can use Nexxis ELN to
initiate new worksheets for the rush samples, assign them to the
analyst that is in the best position to run those samples and specify
them as a “Rush” priority, so the analyst knows right away that this
is work that needs to be done.
You don’t even have to track down the analyst to tell them that they have been assigned those
samples. As soon as the worksheets are scheduled, the analyst will see them in their Nexxis ELN list of
Active Worksheets, which shows all of the worksheets that are scheduled for them and their priority.
They just have to select the “Rush” worksheet and start working.
At any time during the day, you can use the Nexxis ELN client to check on the status of the rush
samples, view a worksheet in progress and get a full, real-time picture of the overall laboratory
workload.
As soon as a worksheet is completed, Nexxis ELN can automatically start the review and approval
process by emailing the reviewer to notify them that a PDF version of the completed worksheet is now
available for on-line review.
From their desktop, reviewers can see all of the results, audit trail information, date and time stamps,
electronic signatures, etc associated with that worksheet. They have immediate access to all the
information that they need to complete their review and approve the results for release.
When the final review is complete, Nexxis ELN can automatically report the results to the LIMS or other
reporting systems, so those rush results are immediately available for the client.
Page | 65
Hang up your running shoes… In the Nexxis ELN paperless laboratory, laboratory managers and supervisors don’t need their running
shoes to quickly track down logbooks, paper worksheets, notebooks and analysts. They can schedule
work, adjust priorities, balance laboratory workload and monitor the progress of electronic
worksheets, right from their desktop.
Having on-line access to all of this information delivers significant improvements in their ability to
manage their laboratory workload, maintain operational efficiency and provide the highest level of
service to the laboratory’s customers.
Page | 66
ELN Reduces Regulatory Compliance Costs
It has been estimated that laboratories in a regulated
environment dedicate up to 70% of their resources to
compliance-related functions.1 Clearly, these laboratories
can achieve significant reductions in their compliance costs
by reducing the amount of daily time and resources that
are spent on maintaining regulatory compliance
Replacing routine paper based processes in the laboratory
with an Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN) that
manages, controls and automates the execution of routine
analysis is an effective way of delivering those savings, while ensuring that laboratories continue to
meet or even improve on the high level of compliance that they have already established.
In this article we will consider four areas where an ELN can help regulated laboratories reduce their
compliance costs:
Electronic documents eliminate compliance costs associated with the use of paper-based forms
Automating data collection and calculations eliminates errors, reducing the time and cost of secondary review
Control of the analytical process automatically ensures step-by-step compliance with the analytical SOP
Real-time integration with other informatics systems reduces the time analysts spend confirming that additional SOP requirements (calibration, inventory, etc) are being met.
Electronic documents eliminate compliance costs associated with the
use of paper-based forms Laboratories realize immediate reductions in compliance costs by simply moving from paper to
electronic documents.
For example:
The ongoing cost of purchasing paper notebooks that meet regulatory compliance requirements is eliminated.
1 Pharmaceutical Formulation& Quality magazine, Dec/Jan 2005
Page | 67
Regulatory compliance requires storage of documents for an average of 10 – 15 years, sometimes longer. The long-term costs of on-site and off-site physical storage of notebooks and paper forms are replaced with cost-effective storage on electronic media.
Retrieval of paper documents, particularly from off-site storage, can be costly and time consuming. Direct on-line access to electronic documents reduces the time and costs required for document retrieval during an audit situation or for internal problem resolution.
Electronic documents, with supporting audit trail and electronic signatures, present auditors with a clear and accurate picture of the results, simplifying audit procedures. For example, an electronic worksheet that let’s analysts key in results eliminates any doubts or questions surrounding illegible handwriting that may come up during a compliance audit.
Automated data collection and calculations reduce
the cost of secondary review Every time an analyst takes the time to manually record data or
manually calculate a result, there is an opportunity for error. In fact,
there is a rule of thumb in the industry that every level of manual
transcription incurs a 3 – 5% error rate. Every time there is an
opportunity for error, there is a need for secondary review of the
analyst’s work
An ELN can eliminate the possibility for manual error by collecting data directly from the lab
instruments right into the electronic worksheet. With that one additional layer of automation we
reduce the need for secondary review by ensuring that the data generated by the instrument is the
same data that is recorded in the worksheet, each and every time.
Once the data is in the electronic worksheet, the ELN can further reduce the opportunity for error by
automating any calculations that the analyst had been doing manually on paper.
Control of the analytical process ensures compliance to the SOP In an environment where routine tests are executed on a repeated basis, an ELN can be used to create
a very controlled environment that ensures that every aspect of an SOP is being followed and that
procedures are carried out the same way, every time.
Analysts can be limited to only working with worksheets that they are trained and authorized to work with
Page | 68
Electronic worksheets can be integrated with specific pieces of equipment in the lab that meet the requirements of the SOP so the lab always knows that instruments that meet SOP requirements are always used for the analysis.
Electronic worksheets can be setup to provide step-by-step access through the procedure, only allowing the analyst to move to the next step if they have fully and accurately completed all the requirements for the current step
Real-time integration with other informatics systems reduces the time
analysts spend confirming additional SOP requirements One of the strong advantages of moving to a paperless system is that electronic data is clearly more
accessible than paper based data.
We can leverage this advantage by integrating the ELN with other informatics systems to create a two-
way exchange of data and information that takes place in real time, at the point of analysis. Analysts
can spend less time looking for and updating compliance related information in other systems and
more time running analyses.
For example, the ELN can automatically collect and record information from the bar code of a
container for a solution that the analyst is using. That information can be used to automatically query
an inventory system to confirm, right then and there, that the solution is the right one for that step
and that it has not passed its expiry date. When the step has successfully completed, the ELN can
automatically update the inventory to reflect the amount of solution that was used in that step.
That automated exchange of information between the ELN and the inventory system has assured and
documented that the material used in the worksheet has met all of the SOP requirements and that the
inventory records for that material are always accurate and up to date.
Page | 69
ELN Cures 4 Common Laboratory Headaches
Even the most efficient laboratories have to deal
with everyday “headaches” caused by manual
processes that are used to record, gather, access
and update data from a wide variety of sources
(LIMS, instruments, calibration applications,
inventory applications, etc).
The following are examples of 4 common
laboratory headaches that can be eliminated by
using an ELN to automate manual processes and
make data and information always available, when
and where it is needed most…
Laboratory Headache #1 – Results that are invalid because an analyst
didn’t follow an SOP No matter how good and careful your analysts are, and no matter how clear and complete your
manual processes are, there are going to be times when analysts miss a step in an analysis or overlook
an aspect of your SOP.
ELN takes control over the SOP at the bench level, guiding the analyst through each step of the
process, not letting them move to the next step until they have finished the one they are on and
ensuring that every aspect of the SOP is being satisfied… in Real Time
Being sure that your procedures are being followed every time doesn’t just eliminate a headache. It
also reduces the amount of time that needs to be spent on reviewing test results and gives you
absolute confidence in the quality of the results that the lab is generating.
Laboratory Headache #2 - A test that can’t be run because you ran out of
a chemical or reagent This is the headache that seems to always crop up when the lab is busiest and you have a rush sample
for your biggest client. Instead of delivering the test results, you end up scrambling to place a rush
order for the chemical or reagent and paying top dollar for Express shipping.
Page | 70
Whether you manage your inventory with a software application, with spreadsheets or simply record
your inventory with pen and paper, you can still get this headache simply because somebody used a
chemical and forgot to update the inventory.
If you already have an application for chemical inventory management, ELN can connect it with your
daily analyses, so that every time a chemical or reagent is used the inventory level is automatically
adjusted. Your inventory always automatically reflects exactly what you have in stock – right now.
If you don’t have a chemical inventory management system, don’t worry. You can add one to ELN
easily.
Laboratory Headache #3 - A batch of samples that have to be rerun
because the instrument wasn’t properly calibrated If you are managing your instrument calibrations with pen and paper, then you are probably familiar
with this headache. Even if you have a traditional Calibration Management software application, you
still experience the problem of keeping the calibration records up to date and making sure that
analysts check the records before using an instrument.
An ELN worksheet can automatically check your Calibration Management Application – at the time of
analysis - to make sure that the instrument being used has been successfully calibrated according to
schedule. If it hasn’t, ELN can either stop the analysis or branch to a calibration routine. Once the
instrument has been successfully calibrated, ELN can update the Calibration Management Application
and let the analyst continue.
ELN should never allow a test to be run on an un-calibrated instrument.
If you don’t have an Instrument Calibration Management application, don’t worry. You get one with
the ELN.
Laboratory Headache #4 - A “5” that looks like an “8”, or is it a “3”? If your laboratory depends on manual recording of critical data, then you know all about this headache.
You have struggled to decipher numbers that are hard to read because of illegible handwriting or
coffee spilled on a lab notebook. You have searched for lost worksheets, tried to make sense of
transposed figures and spent time fixing incorrect manual calculations. These are headaches that
happen every day, simply because busy analysts are manually recording data on worksheets or in
notebooks.
ELN eliminates these headaches by automatically capturing and recording data from all of your lab
instruments and automating the calculations that your analysts are currently doing manually.
Page | 71
Conclusion Not all ELN will solve all of these headaches but leading ELN designed for QA/QC labs will meet these
requirements. This new breed of informatics technology collects and combines information from your
laboratory informatics systems, your laboratory instruments and your analysts and uniquely integrates
it into every aspect of the laboratory’s daily routine.
ELN gives laboratories a solution that eliminates manual processes, breaks down communications
barriers and manages the sharing of data and information between people, instruments and data
management systems.
It may not cure the common cold, but it will take care of some of your headaches.
Page | 73
Automated Control and Documentation of Daily Calibration Requirements
The Problem A common requirement in regulated laboratories is to perform and document a daily calibration of
electronic balances, prior to using the balances for testing.
Using a paper-based system to document the calibration process has some distinct disadvantages:
High costs associated with the storage and retrieval of calibration records
Inefficiencies associated with the use of analysts’ time searching paper records to confirm that
calibration has been completed prior to running any tests
Risks associated with analysts inadvertently running tests on a balance that has not been
calibrated, or in a worst-case scenario on a balance that has failed a calibration
Risks associated with being unable to provide documented proof of a successful calibration
during an audit
Nexxis ELN (Electronic Laboratory Notebook) integrated with Nexxis CAL (Instrument Calibration
Manager) provides an electronic solution that eliminates paper management costs, ensures that only
calibrated instruments are used for testing and provides documentation of the entire calibration
process for audit purposes.
The Solution In our solution, Nexxis CAL is used to record calibration results. Nexxis ELN is used to control the
calibration process and to ensure that balances that have not been successfully calibrated as scheduled
are not used for testing.
Calibration worksheets are setup in Nexxis ELN to control the daily calibration process. In many cases
this may be a simple High/Low check. Nexxis ELN can automatically record the nominal mass and serial
number of the weights that are used, tare the balance, collect the actual calibration weights directly
from the balance and determine a Pass/Fail based on the acceptability criteria for that calibration.
The calibration results are then automatically transferred to Nexxis CAL and stored in the Nexxis CAL
database, providing a historical record of calibration results for that balance.
At the same time Nexxis ELN automatically creates a PDF record of the calibration worksheet, showing
the calibration results and including any audit trail entries associated with the process and any
reviewer approvals and comments. This electronic record, which replaces a paper notebook entry, can
Page | 74
be used as documentation of a specific calibration on a specific instrument on a specific date, in the
event of an audit.
Routine weighing applications that are also setup as worksheets in Nexxis ELN can then check the
Nexxis CAL database to ensure that the balance has passed its daily calibration before allowing the
analyst to proceed with the test. If calibration was not done that day or if the balance failed the
calibration, then the analyst can be prevented from using the balance until appropriate action has
been taken.
The Result Integrating Nexxis ELN with Nexxis CAL creates a unique level of control and automation for instrument
calibrations, right down to the point of analysis.
Eliminates high costs associated with storage and retrieval of paper-based records
Reduces compliance risk by automatically ensuring that only successfully calibrated
instruments are used for testing
Increases laboratory efficiency by eliminating the need for analysts to search through
calibration records prior to testing
Provides electronic documentation of calibrations for audit purposes
Page | 75
Error Free Preparation of Reagents
Overview This article describes how Nexxis iLAB provides an integrated on-line electronic system for automating
and documenting the preparation of a reagent.
A Nexxis ELN worksheet is used to guide the analyst through the process of creating a reagent.
As we look at each of the steps in this process we see that a single action by the analyst sets off a series
of actions and interactions between Nexxis ELN, Nexxis CIM (chemical inventory) and Nexxis CAL
(instrument calibration) as they work together to ensure
that:
The formulation process is being followed correctly
That the balance used has been properly calibrated
The right materials and quantities of materials are
always being used
That the inventory is always accurately updated in
real time as materials are used and the new
reagent is created
At the end of the process a PDF of the completed
worksheet is automatically saved.
The completed worksheet can be reviewed and
approved on-line
Approved worksheets can be viewed at any time using Nexxis ELN
Worksheets are also stored in Nexxis SDMS where extensive search and retrieval capabilities
provide instant access if they are needed for problem resolution or as part of an audit.
As part of the Nexxis iLAB application suite, Nexxis ELN, Nexxis CIM and Nexxis CAL are developed with
this close integration in mind, easily sharing and updating information with each other in order to
eliminate manual tasks for the analyst and to eliminate the possibility of error in the process.
Eliminate Time Spent on
Manual Documentation A key benefit of this system is the
elimination of the time that analysts
spend on manually documenting the
preparation process.
A customer has reported to us that
even a simple 5 minute preparation
procedure requires 15 - 20 minutes
of paper documentation.
Eliminating that manual
documentation reduces the time
spent on preparation by up to 80%.
Page | 76
The Reagent Preparation Worksheet Labtronics’ exclusive ReDI technology provides a drag and drop interface for quickly converting your
current paper-based worksheets into highly automated electronic worksheets, without any custom
coding.
The example worksheet used in this article represents a typical workflow for preparing a reagent by
adding a solid chemical to a known volume of liquid chemical to create a desired concentration and
volume of reagent. Similar worksheets could be used to creating other types of preparations such as
standards, and serial dilutions.
Page | 77
Figure 1: Nexxis ELN worksheet representing a typical workflow for preparing a reagent.
Table Showing Workflow The following table shows the interaction between the analyst and the Nexxis applications at each step
of the reagent preparation process. It is important to note that most of the actions are taking place
automatically and totally hidden from the analyst unless there is a problem. The analyst is only
involved with the worksheet itself and does not work directly with Nexxis CIM, or Nexxis CAL.
Analyst Nexxis ELN Nexxis CIM
Step 1 Selects the required concentration for the reagent from a drop down list
Records the value
Step 2 Selects the size of the volumetric flask that they will use from a drop down list
Records the value
Automatically calculates the required weight of solid chemical.
Step 3 Scans the bar code label on the container of the analyte and clicks on Check Container
Sends the container number and the required weight to Nexxis CIM
Confirms that it is the right chemical, that it has not passed its expiry date and that there is enough chemical in the container
Designates the container as either “pass” or “fail” and sends that status to Nexxis ELN
If “fail” then the analyst is prompted to scan another container and the confirmation checks are repeated
If “pass” then the expiration date and the required weight for the chemical are added to the worksheet in non-
Page | 78
editable fields
Step 4 Selects a balance from a drop down list and clicks on Select
Connects with Nexxis CAL to determine the calibration status of the balance
If “fail” the analyst is prompted to select another balance
If “pass” the calibration date is recorded in the worksheet
Step 5 Puts the required amount of analyte, as indicated in the “Please weigh out” field, on the balance and clicks Get Weight
Collects the weight directly from the balance and records it in the “Actual weight” field
Checks that the actual weight is within limits of the target weight using error limits that have been assigned to this field during setup of the worksheet
If “out of limits”, displays an error message, highlights the field in red and requires that the analyst reweigh the sample
If “in limits” sends the actual weight value to Nexxis CIM
Automatically subtracts the actual weight of the solid chemical from inventory
Step 6 Scans the bar code label on the container of diluents and clicks on Check Container
Sends the container number and the size of the volumetric flask to Nexxis CIM
Determines the status of the container and contents as in Step 3
The expiration date of the chemical is recorded on the worksheet in a non-editable field
Page | 79
Step 7 Enters the lot # for the new reagent into the worksheet and clicks Prep Complete
Records the lot # and sends it to Nexxis CIM confirming that the reagent has been made
Subtracts the amount of diluent used from inventory
Creates a new container for the reagent
Adds container information including reagent name, quantity, actual concentration, lot # and a calculated expiry date
Prints a bar coded label for the new container
Adds the expiry date and the container number of the new reagent to the Nexxis ELN worksheet
Calculates and displays the actual concentration
Step 8 Clicks on the Electronic Signature icon on the worksheet
Enters the analyst’s name on the signature line with a date and time stamp
Saves the completed worksheet as a PDF
Electronic Retrieval of Worksheets
ELN data is stored in two ways. Firstly, each value on a worksheet is stored in a structured database.
Secondly, PDF copies of every worksheet are stored in Nexxis SDMS, a Scientific Data Management
System. The laboratory now has a significant advantage if the worksheet is needed as part of a
problem investigation or an audit process.
For example, if the laboratory receives a recall notice from their supplier regarding a particular
container of the chemical that is used in preparing reagents it can quickly find all of the reagents that
are affected using the structured database.
Page | 80
A search can be made in the SDMS to find every reagent preparation worksheet that used the chemical
in question. You would also be able to mine the data using the extensive reporting tool in Nexxis ELN.
If the laboratory includes a Reagent container number on all ELN worksheets that use the reagent for
testing, they can also get a list of all samples that were tested with a faulty reagent.
In minutes they can have all of the information they need to accurately identify the scope of the
problem and plan a corrective action.
This is a huge improvement over a paper-based system where finding a document may involve having
to dig through stacks of old laboratory notebooks or having to find worksheets that have been stored
at an off-site storage location.
Figure 2: Nexxis SDMS can quickly and accurately find all of the Nexxis ELN worksheets that are
needed as part of a problem investigation or an audit process.
Page | 81
Conclusion Using Nexxis iLAB to create an on-line electronic system for automating and documenting the
preparation of a reagent delivers significant benefits to the lab:
Automated checks ensure that the right chemicals are always used and that they have not
passed their expiry date
Weighing of the solid chemical is always accurate
o The calibration status of the balance is automatically checked before use
o Weights are collected directly from the balance eliminating the possibility of manual
recording errors
o Reagents can’t be created with the wrong amount of chemical
Inventory levels are kept accurate, in real-time, as chemicals and regents are used or created.
All metadata (chemicals used, expiry dates, balance used, reagent container number, etc) is
automatically recorded in the worksheet ensuring that records are complete and accurate.
Metadata recorded in the worksheets can be used as search criteria to quickly and accurately
identify Reagents and samples that may be affected by a suspect chemical.
The high level of real-time interaction between Nexxis ELN, Nexxis CIM and Nexxis CAL as
demonstrated by this formulations process can be applied to virtually any routine procedure in the
laboratory.
Page | 82
Case Study: Rapid Deployment of an Integrated ELN/SDMS/LIMS Solution
Case No: CS-124-ELN-WD
Systems Integrated: ELN, SDMS, LIMS, Instruments
Industry: Analytical testing in the power industry
Implementation Time: 1 month
Overview An ongoing problem in the laboratory informatics industry is the time that it takes to deploy a working
solution. Informatics projects that last for months and even years are the norm, rather than the
exception.
Being able to shorten deployment time reduces the overall cost of the project and allows organizations
to gain the benefits of the solution sooner.
This case study outlines how, in just one month, Labtronics’ Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN) and
Scientific Data Management System (SDMS) were deployed and fully integrated with our customer’s
existing in-house LIMS.
The Customer: This project was deployed for an organization that owns multiple analytical laboratories providing
analytical testing and engineering services to the power industry.
Due to rapid growth, they were looking for a solution that would improve their data management
efficiency as they open additional laboratories.
Project Milestones:
June – Develop a Laboratory Automation Plan before purchase of Nexxis ELN
Oct 25 – Site visit to customer to gather requirements
Nov 1 – Start work implementing system
Dec 6 – Install completed system on site – 85% complete
Summary: 1 month to configure the system
Page | 83
Scope of Project: The project consisted of a Nexxis ELN implementation, including integration with Nexxis SDMS,
LimsLink, and Nexxis Report Manager
22 Nexxis ELN worksheets
13 LimsLink integration methods
5 Nexxis ELN concurrent user licenses
Project Highlights:
Instruments and Nexxis ELN were connected to their in-house LIMS
o LimsLink was used to integrate automated instruments and connect them to the LIMS.
o 2/3 of the instruments are either manual or have no electronic data output. This set of
instruments was automated using Nexxis ELN worksheets for data collection. Once the
worksheet was complete, results were sent to LIMS.
LIMS worklists now automatically create Nexxis ELN worksheets and populate them with LIMS
information so that the worksheets are ready for use by the analysts.
The customer had existing paper-based forms. These were converted to Nexxis ELN
worksheets using ReDI™ technology.
The customer had an existing Excel spreadsheet that performed extensive PCB calculations.
Nexxis ELN’s Microsoft Office integration capabilities allowed Nexxis ELN to use this Excel
spreadsheet, reducing development time.
Their LIMS was not able to have direct connectivity with other programs. Labtronics developed
a Link Server that allows any lab system to communicate with the LIMS, overcoming its
limitations.
Nexxis SDMS was implemented to store raw data which the LIMS was not able to store. Nexxis
SDMS is also used to store the ELN worksheets.
Success Factors:
1) Development of the Laboratory Automation Plan provided the customer with a clear
understanding of their options for automating the lab. The plan provided a blue print for
moving forward and showed them a solution.
Page | 84
2) Throughout the development phase of the project, the customer had on-line access to their
system. This meant that they could review and comment on developments on a daily basis.
The customer and Labtronics knew day-to-day that the work was being done correctly.
3) Connectivity to the LIMS was not supported by the LIMS and development of this functionality
would have taken a long time. Using the extensive experience of Labtronics, we were able to
develop an alternate system to overcome this limitation.
Conclusion: This project is not large, but it was technically challenging and it required the integration of a number
of instruments.
85% of the project was delivered on time, after only 1 month. The remaining 15% of the project is on
hold until the customer makes some final decisions. It can be delivered within a couple of weeks.
Labtronics strives to deploy complete systems rapidly. The success of this project is due to several
factors:
A process that is very streamlined and efficient
Highly technical people that are very familiar with our products and have experience
automating labs
ReDI™ technology. Nexxis iLAB makes use of a unique technology that allows Labtronics and
our customers to quickly configure automation requirements
Labtronics is committed to deploy lab automation projects more quickly than is common in this
industry. We have the products and the know how to make it happen.
Page | 86
Application Note: Chromatography Workflow with Nexxis iLAB
Introduction This Application Note shows how Nexxis iLAB can be used to manage the complete chromatography
workflow from sample prep to final approved results. This application makes extensive use of ELN to
capture chromatography metadata.
It will show how an integrated laboratory system improves the efficiency of the analyst and centralizes
the data for the complete chromatography process.
Chromatography Workflow in a Non-integrated Lab In a non-integrated lab, chromatography work flow - from sample login through to reporting of results
- consists of a series of separate events that are either manual, paper based processes or take place in
applications that are not connected to each other.
For example:
Sample information needs to be manually
transcribed onto sample preparation
worksheets
Analysts need to manually check that
instruments are calibrated and correct
materials are used
Analysts need to manually perform calculations,
etc
Results from the CDS need to be manually
entered into LIMS
All of the information that is needed to
thoroughly review the chromatography results
is saved across multiple systems (some of which
may be paper based)
This creates additional work for the analysts and reviewers, provides little control over processes and
creates opportunities for error.
Page | 87
Chromatography Workflow with Nexxis iLAB A Nexxis ELN sample prep worksheet (Figure 1) is the focal point for the chromatography workflow
with Nexxis iLAB. The worksheet is integrated with the other Nexxis iLAB applications to:
Automatically access information from other applications as it is needed
Use information from other applications to control the sample prep process in Nexxis ELN
Automatically report chromatography results to Nexxis ST
Automatically store all raw data and documents in Nexxis SDMS for easy retrieval
With Nexxis iLAB, chromatography workflow becomes a series of automated, controlled and
connected activities that reduce the workload for the analyst and provide a single source for reviewing
all of the chromatography data.
The Nexxis ELN Worksheet - Integration, Automation & Control If we take a closer look at the sample preparation worksheet we can see four examples of the
integration, automation and control that Nexxis iLAB provides.
Figure 1: The Nexxis ELN worksheet integrates with CDS and other Nexxis iLAB modules to create a single source for all chromatography data.
Page | 88
1. Initiation of the Worksheet (Nexxis ST & ELN) a. When samples are logged into Nexxis iLAB and a chromatography test is assigned, a
Nexxis ELN sample prep worksheet is automatically created and added to the system
b. Sample information from Nexxis iLAB is automatically added to the ELN worksheet
c. An email is automatically sent to the analyst letting them know that work is pending.
2. Verification of the Standard (Nexxis ELN, CIM & SDMS) a. When the analyst scans the bar code on the standard container, the container ID is
automatically added directly to the Nexxis ELN worksheet.
b. Pressing the “CIM Check” button on the worksheet automatically checks with the
chemical inventory system (Nexxis CIM) to makes sure that they using the right
material and that it has not expired.
c. If everything passes, metadata for the standard is added to the worksheet. If not, the
analyst is prompted to select another container.
d. Because the Nexxis ELN worksheet that was used to prepare this standard is being
stored electronically in Nexxis SDMS, a link to that worksheet can also be added. A
reviewer can simply click on this link to go directly to the ELN worksheet that was used
to prepare the standards.
3. Addition of CDS Results (CDS, Nexxis ELN & SDMS) a. Chromatography data is automatically added to the Nexxis ELN worksheet. Values such
as “instrument name” and “column used” come from the CDS report. Information
about the calibration comes from Nexxis CAL, the instrument calibration module.
b. The calibration values confirm to the user/reviewer that the instrument was in a
calibrated state at the time of analysis.
c. There is also a link to the raw data file from the CDS which has been automatically
stored in Nexxis SDMS. A reviewer can click on that link to open the report and see the
raw data.
4. Calculations & Reporting (Nexxis ELN & ST) a. The Nexxis ELN worksheet automatically applies a dilution factor and calculates the
actual concentration for each component
b. The worksheet also calculates the total Acid value
c. Final concentrations are automatically reported into Nexxis ST.
Conclusion Using Nexxis iLAB to manage chromatography workflow delivers significant benefits to the laboratory:
Integration results in automation, which in turn means less work for the analyst.
Page | 89
o ELN worksheets are created automatically
o Sample information is transferred to ELN worksheets
o Training records are checked
o Instrument data is saved to the SDMS
o Instrument calibrations are checked
o Results are calculated
o Results are sent to LIMS
o Chemicals are validated
Integration reduces the number of mistakes
o Each time a step is automated the analyst does not have to remember to perform it,
and they can’t make a mistake.
The Nexxis ELN worksheet is a single source for all chromatography data
o Approvals can now be completed without checking a variety of sources for
information.
o Investigations take minutes, instead of hours, since all of the relative information is in
one place.
o Auditors can have all of their questions answered by looking at one ELN worksheet
Nexxis iLAB can provide this level of integrated chromatography workflow with any LIMS, CDS or
SDMS. If your laboratory does not already have the LIMS or SDMS, we can also supply these
components.
Page | 90
Choosing the Right Balance Automation Solution
Overview At one level, a balance is a pretty easy instrument to interface and there are certainly a lot of simple
applications that will collect a weight from a balance and transfer it somewhere.
However, with the amount of laboratory work that is dependent on balance data, an interface that
does more than simply transfer data has the potential to deliver significant improvements in laboratory
efficiency and quality of results.
To fully realize that potential, you will want to select a balance automation solution that moves beyond
data collection and introduces a high level of automation and control over all aspects of your weighing
procedures.
In this article we will look at five areas to consider when choosing a balance automation solution that
will have the most impact on your laboratory operations.
Communication - How does the solution interact with the balance, other applications and with
the analyst?
Context – Can the solution add additional information to the raw balance data to make it
useful for other applications?
Calculations –What options are there for automating calculations and confirming results?
Control – How far can the solution go in controlling the weighing procedure to make sure that
the weighing SOP is being followed?
Confidence – Is there a security component in place that will give you full confidence that the
data generated by the balance is always the data that is being reported?
Communication
There are a number of different levels of communication to consider when selecting a balance
automation solution.
At the most basic level it should be able to collect data from the balance and pass it to another
application. An interface that simply retrieves data from the balance is referred to as uni-directional.
Page | 91
If the solution is able to send information to the balance as well as collect data, it is described as bi-
directional. A bi-directional interface is typically used to send control commands to the balance, adding
an additional level of automation.
For example, instead of having the analyst press the print key on the balance, a bi-directional interface
can send the balance a command to wait until the balances stabilizes and then send a weight. Other
control commands that a bi-directional interface might use would be to open or close balance doors or
to automatically tare the balance before weighing a sample.
A bi-directional solution may also communicate with external applications such as databases and LIMS.
It could collect sample data from a LIMS, check a calibration database to see if the balance has been
calibrated and even automatically update a chemical inventory database when stock items are
weighed out. A bi-directional solution with this level of communication can significantly reduce an
analyst’s workload and help to automate other laboratory procedures.
A good balance automation solution should also interact with the analyst, allowing them to add
comments or observations to the data or even guiding the analyst through the weighing process.
Context
Balance data is very simple, basic and completely lacking in context. 10mg - what does that mean?
What sample is the weight for? Who weighed the sample? When? Why? How? By itself, a weight from
a balance is not a very meaningful piece of information.
A balance solution that can communicate with other applications can provide context by automatically
gathering the information that is needed to build an “information wrapper” around the basic balance
data:
Sample information from the LIMS
Comments and observations from analysts
A date and time stamp
A user ID
A test ID
All of this additional information can be automatically collected by the balance automation solution
and added to the raw balance data, giving it the context that it needs to be useful to other
applications.
Page | 92
Calculations In almost every case there is some type of calculation that needs to be carried out with the balance
data.
There are a number of weight-based tests that require taking multiple weights from a sample over a
period of time (e.g. loss on drying) or tests that perform calculations using a number of weights
collected from different samples (e.g. content uniformity).
For some tests, results can be calculated as the data comes out of the balance and immediately
displayed for the analyst. For other tests, data will need to be stored in either a spreadsheet or a
database and then combined with other data to calculate a final result. Ideally the balance automation
solution will be able to store and recall data without having to use another application.
Another feature to look for in a balance automation solution is the ability to check final calculated
results against the specifications for that test to determine if the result is within expected limits.
Being able to highlight or flag out of specification results gives analysts the immediate feedback they
need to take appropriate action.
Control All laboratories have procedures that need to be followed every time a sample is weighed. For
laboratories working within a regulated environment, it is imperative that these procedures are
followed to the letter every single time.
A balance automation solution can control a weighing process by:
Only letting an analyst use a balance that meets the SOP requirements for the analysis
Checking a calibration database to make sure that the balance has been properly calibrated
before weighing any samples
Confirming that the analyst is qualified to run the test
Guiding the analyst through each step of the weighing process
Using passwords, electronic signatures and audit trails to document the weighing process
A sophisticated balance automation solution can ensure that every aspect of an SOP is always adhered
to.
Confidence That brings us to our final area for evaluation. Is there a security component in place that will give you
full confidence that the data generated by the balance is always the data that is being reported?
Page | 93
Does the solution use a User ID and password to control access? Should some users be able to edit
data? If so, is there an audit trail that records the original value along with the changed value and the
reason for the change? Can an electronic signature confirm the identity of the user at key points
during the process?
Whether or not your laboratory operates in a regulated environment, you will want to be confident
that your balance automation solution provides the same high level of data security and accountability
that you expect from your other laboratory applications.
Choosing the Right Solution
For some laboratories a balance interface will always be simply a way to transfer a number from one
place to another.
Others will recognize the important role that balances play in the laboratory and see that a true
balance automation solution will deliver real value to the lab every day. Those people will take the time
to fully consider their options and seek out a solution that delivers on Communication, Context,
Calculations, Control and Confidence.
Choosing the right balance automation solution can be a significant step towards creating a highly
automated and highly integrated laboratory environment.
Solutions from Labtronics Labtronics offers two balance automation solutions for you to consider when choosing the right
balance automation solution:
LimsLink is a fully configurable solution for creating bi-directional instrument interfaces that interact
with instruments, other applications and analysts providing automated data collection, calculations
and reporting.
Nexxis ELN is a worksheet based Electronic Laboratory Notebook that automates data collection and
calculations while providing a unique level of control over weighing processes and interaction with
other applications to ensure that every aspect of an SOP is followed, every time.
LimsLink Nexxis ELN
User Interface
Spreadsheet style interface
User interface created from existing worksheets or SOP
documents
Create custom display screens
Accept manual input (comments, observations) from the analyst
Control and guide the analyst through the weighing analysis
Instrument Integration
Page | 94
Uni-directional interfaces
Bi-directional interfaces
Interfaces are configured using pick lists, selection buttons and
graphic tools
Includes instrument library with setup information for over 400
instruments
Simple parser processes basic data
Drag and drop data parser processes complex data files
Data Management
Data is stored in an integrated spreadsheet
Data is stored in a searchable database
Perform real time calculations
Real time limit checking and highlighting of out-of –specification
results
Create PDF of results for on-line review and approval Use balance data to automatically update inventory applications
Reporting Create customized reports Fileless or file-based reporting to LIMS and other database applications
Report to target applications via API Integration with other applications
Query LIMS for sample information Send results to LIMS ODBC compatible for database queries and reporting Use information from other applications to control processes
Security
User Logon controls access to the application Audit Trail documents activity within the application Electronic Signature challenges can be added at key points Data files, methods and processes can be archived to a secure server
Optional Validation Toolkit provides assistance with IQ and OQ of installations and processes
System Architecture
Scalable n-tier architecture Smart client collects data performs calculations, processing and reporting
Web client eliminates the need for installing software on the client side
All data is collected directly to a central server
Page | 96
Case Study: Rapid Deployment of an iLAB (Integrated Laboratory)
Case No: CS-123-iLAB-SP
Systems Integrated: ELN, Sample Tracker, Chemical Inventory and Instruments
Industry: Nutraceuticals
Implementation Time: 5 weeks
Overview An ongoing problem in the laboratory informatics industry is the time that it takes to deploy a working
solution. Informatics projects that last for months and even years are the norm, rather than the
exception.
Being able to shorten deployment time reduces the overall cost of the project and allows organizations
to gain the benefits of the solution sooner.
This case study outlines how, in just 5 weeks, Labtronics’ Nexxis iLAB was implemented and configured
to provide an automated and integrated laboratory management system.
The Customer: This project was deployed for an organization that produces high-quality nutritional supplements in
accordance with the Food and Drug Administration's good manufacturing practice requirements.
They were in the process of deciding whether to continue development of their in-house LIMS or look
for a commercial solution. Nexxis iLAB was selected as a solution that would automate their data
collection and data management processes and fully integrate with existing systems and
instrumentation.
Project Milestones: Dec 1 – 3 day fact gathering meeting at Labtronics
Dec 21 – Project start date, start configuration work
Dec 23 – First review date – review completed sample log-in forms
Feb 3 – 1 week onsite visit to install completed system, integrate and test instruments, train users.
Summary: 5 weeks to configure the complete system
Page | 97
Scope of Project: Nexxis iLAB implementation, including Nexxis ST (Sample Tracker), Nexxis ELN, Nexxis CIM (Chemical
Inventory Manager), LimsLink, Nexxis Report Manager, Nexxis Database Viewer and Nexxis Contact
Manager
120 tests
1800 sample templates
4 unique log-in forms
12 ELN worksheets
10 instruments integrated
150 products were defined
5 Reports
13 concurrent user licenses
Project Highlights
Nexxis ELN worksheets integrated manual instruments such as balances
Samples entered into Nexxis ST automatically initiated all required Nexxis ELN worksheets
Nexxis ELN was integrated with Nexxis CIM to retrieve purity values for reagents. These values
were subsequently used in automated calculations.
LimsLink was used to connect automated instruments directly to Nexxis ST to report results.
Selected data was also populated into Nexxis ELN worksheets.
Nexxis Contact Manager was used to store product information including test limits for each
product. This data was then dynamically retrieved by Nexxis ELN worksheets to verify that test
results were within scope.
Nexxis Report Manager was used to retrieve a worklist of samples from Nexxis ST. The report
included a bar code containing sample and test information. The analyst used this report to
automatically transfer the sample information into the analytical instrument software by
scanning the bar codes. This eliminating a lot of manual data entry.
The Nexxis Database Viewer was set up to report on ‘retained samples’. This is now a 2 second
process compared to an hour process previously.
Page | 98
Success Factors:
1) The customer was well prepared for the initial fact gathering meeting. By holding the meeting
at Labtronics, there were fewer interruptions and the whole team could focus on the job at
hand.
2) Throughout the development phase of the project, the customer had on-line access to their
system. This meant that they could review and comment on developments on a daily basis.
The customer and Labtronics knew day to day that the work was being done correctly.
3) The deployment required a number of complex integrations that for most systems would be
difficult to accomplish. With Nexxis iLAB, creating integrations between Nexxis ELN, Nexxis ST,
and Nexxis CIM, takes only seconds. Integration of instruments is almost as fast.
Conclusion: This project is on a scale similar to a mid-sized LIMS project, but has a greater requirement for
integration than most LIMS projects.
The complete project was delivered on time, after only 5 weeks of work. Only minor adjustments
needed to be made after installation as the customer became more familiar with the system.
Labtronics strives to deploy complete systems rapidly. The success of this project is due to several
factors:
A process that is very streamlined and efficient
Highly technical people that are very familiar with both our products and have experience
automating labs
ReDI™ technology - Nexxis iLAB makes use of a unique technology that allows labtronics and
our customers to quickly configure automation requirements
Labtronics is committed to deploy lab automation projects more quickly than is common in this
industry. We have the products and the know how to make it happen.
Page | 99
Planning a Successful ELN Project
Overview This paper provides strategies, tips and recommendations to help plan and manage deployment of an
ELN, while maximizing the benefits your organization will receive with the new system in place.
During the course of the paper we will be looking at:
Step 1 – Assembling the team
Make sure that the key stakeholders in the project are involved and understanding what part
they will play in the process.
Step 2 – Project goals
Establish the key accomplishment or accomplishments that the organization wants to
achieve through this project.
Step 3 – Project scope
Identify which processes are prime candidates for conversion from paper to electronic
format.
4 “Keys to Success”
Four key components that make an ELN project successful.
Step 1 – Assemble the team An ELN project will have an impact
throughout the organization. In order to
ensure that the impact is positive for
everyone, it is essential to include
representatives from each group within
the organization, right from the very
earliest stages of the project.
We have identified 5 key groups that need
to be involved in the planning and
execution of a successful ELN project. Each
group will bring their perspective to the
table and contribute to the eventual
success of the project.
Figure 1: Each group contributes to the overall success of the ELN project
Page | 100
Laboratory Management Laboratory management will be responsible for identifying the corporate Goals and Objectives of the
project. They can identify the business problem or problems that the project will be expected to solve
and what the current cost is to the organization.
They can also set corporate expectations as to how success will be measured – what will be the ideal
situation at the end of the day and how the laboratory will quantify improvement. For example, if a
particular process in the laboratory is taking 20 hours a week because of manual activity then
management may determine that the measure of success would be to reduce that process to 5 hours
per week.
Being able to quantify the improvements that the project will deliver will allow laboratory
management to determine a financial budget as well as the time and resources that can be allocated to
the project.
Development of the project specifications and implementation plan will take place with the input from
all stakeholders but final approval will usually lie with laboratory management who will want to see
that the plan meets the project goals and objectives and provides a good balance between the needs
and wants of the laboratory.
Laboratory Personnel Laboratory personnel are vital to the success of the team and the project, providing a “reality check”
on what will be truly practical and beneficial to the day to day operation of the lab.
They play a key role by identifying where bottlenecks exist right now in the laboratory and evaluating
what features, functions and capabilities will deliver the best value in terms of eliminating those
bottlenecks and improving laboratory efficiency.
During the implementation planning process, laboratory personnel can provide the best insight into
how to minimize disruption of the daily laboratory workload as well as identifying the best people from
the laboratory to participate in implementation and training on the new system.
Keeping laboratory personnel involved in the planning process, from day one, will help to create a high
level of user acceptance for the ELN project.
IT Department During the initial planning stage the IT group will be looked at to ensure that the IT requirements of the
proposed solution are compatible with the existing IT infrastructure of the organization and that they
also support future IT planning. They will be able to identify if the solution supports existing and
planned standards for Operating Systems, database platforms and network infrastructure.
Page | 101
IT will also be required to evaluate the hardware requirements of the solution and report on
opportunities to incorporate existing hardware into the solution as well as on the need to provide
additional hardware.
It will be their responsibility to establish technical bench marks for the
system and to ensure that the necessary infrastructure for deployment
is in place and operational at the start of the project.
A key function for IT during the implementation stage is to co-ordinate
internal technical resources with the technical resources from the
vendor side to avoid time loss and delays by ensuring that the right
people are available at the right time.
Validation Group For laboratories that work within a regulated environment the
validation group will need to be involved in the planning process to
identify compliance and security requirements and prepare a validation
plan.
As part of that process they will want to assess the validation tools and
services that are available from the ELN vendor.
Within many organizations, the workload for the validation group is
extremely heavy and validation can become a real obstacle to getting
the solution into production. Any assistance the validation group can
receive from the vendor will help to keep the project on track.
The vendor may be able to provide IQ and OQ documents that can
guide and direct the validation group as they execute a thorough IQ/OQ
validation.
Validation services supplied by the vendor can range from consultation
and assessment of validation requirements to actual execution of steps
in the validation process.
The ELN Vendor The fifth part of the project team comes from outside the organization. In most cases the laboratory
will already have established a good working relationship with the ELN vendor during the course of
selecting the solution. Now is the time to really leverage the skills and expertise of the vendor to assist
in the planning and execution of the project.
At the planning level, the vendor will obviously be contributing with detailed information about the
core capabilities of the application as well as providing insight that they have gained from previous
implementations of the solution.
Nexxis Validation Toolkit
The Nexxis Validation Toolkit includes
detailed IQ and OQ documents that
significantly reduce the amount of
time that validation groups spend
compiling the information that they
require to initiate and execute a
thorough IQ/OQ validation of Nexxis
ELN.
The IQ documents provide a detailed
listing of hardware requirements,
step-by-step descriptions of software
installation procedures and a listing
of all required files showing the
expected filename, size, and version
number.
OQ documents include detailed
testing procedures that guide the
user through verification of User
Identification, Application Security,
Method Execution, etc.
Having these documents available
can provide a real head start on the
validation process.
Page | 102
For laboratories that are embarking on their first ELN project, having access to this combination of
expert input and outsider perspective can really assist the planning team in developing goals, setting
expectations and defining measures of success.
During the implementation stage of the project, the vendor will be called on to provide resources that
provide specific levels of expertise and that supplement the laboratory project team. These resources
can be applied at every stage of the process from development of specifications right through
implementation to training and support.
A key success factor in the planning process is to identify and co-ordinate resource requirements and
availability between the laboratory and the vendor.
Step 2 – Set Project Goals With the team assembled it is now time to clearly define the goals and objectives of the project. What
do we want to accomplish?
This step will start with a corporate level view of the scope and intent of the project. What is the
problem that we want to solve and how will this specific project help us to solve it?
If the laboratory is trying to reduce the cost of operations, then the project may be intended to
assess the ROI that ELN will deliver by improving operational efficiency.
There may be a specific issue that the laboratory needs to address and the project is focused
on resolving that issue.
Or the laboratory may have already determined the benefits of going paperless and is fully
committed to rolling out the ELN throughout the organization.
A clearly stated high level understanding of what the project will accomplish for the organization is
fundamental to communicating the value of the project throughout the organization.
Having a clearly stated vision of where the project is going and what it will deliver, will simplify decision
making through every stage of the project. When every decision is measured against the goal of the
project, then the right choices will always stand out.
How will we measure success? With a clear understanding of what the project should accomplish the next step is to clearly define
how to measure if the project is successful in achieving its goal.
Regardless of what the goal is, measuring success starts with an understanding of the current situation
and then applying a measurable improvement that the project will deliver.
For example if the goal of the ELN project is to reduce operation costs, then the lab will need to
document the current status in all the areas that the ELN can impact. How much time is being spent on
Page | 103
manual data recording and calculations, how much time is spent on review, how much time is spent
transferring results and information to other systems, etc?
With that information in hand, the laboratory can then set realistic
and measurable criteria for success – for example, to eliminate the 3
hours per day that are spent on manual data recording and
calculations and to reduce the time spent on review by 50%.
Having clear quantifiable measures of success will not only serve to
justify the current project but will also lay the groundwork for future
projects that deliver continuous improvement in the laboratory.
What will we do next? Now that we know where we are going and we know how we are going to measure our success at
getting there – we need to plan for how the success of the ELN project will continue to move the
laboratory forward.
This can be considered at the project level. For example, if the project demonstrates a significant ROI
for a particular analysis then the lab will want to expand the ELN solution to include all analyses in that
group. Or if the lab shows success from a project that quickly transfers paper processes to electronic
documents, then they may decide to initiate a project to add additional levels of automation to those
documents.
The success of the ELN project can also impact the future direction of the organization at a corporate
level. A project that reduces operating costs will increase profitability which may in turn provide
funding for additional equipment and expansion. A project that increases laboratory sample handling
capacity can open opportunities to bring new clients on board while maintaining high service levels.
Incorporating “next step” planning into an ELN project will prepare the laboratory to leverage the
success of the project and the business benefits it delivers.
Step 3 – Set the project scope With a clearly defined goal we are ready to define the scope of the project, setting priorities for the
processes or worksheets that are going to be included in the conversion process and choosing the right
level of automation for each form.
Again this will need to be closely aligned with the goals of the project – worksheets and automation
levels should be identified that will deliver the most benefit, as defined by the project goals, in the
shortest time.
Demonstrating initial success with high priority worksheets will provide ongoing confidence and
justification for continuing and expanding the project.
Free ROI Calculator for ELN
Determine the real dollars and cents
value of an ELN project at your lab.
Click here to download.
Page | 104
Determine which processes should be a priority for conversion The decision as to which processes are automated first should be based on the success criteria that
your team has defined.
For example, if the goal of the project is to determine the Return on Investment that an ELN for
Routine Analyses will deliver, then you will want to focus on a limited number of processes that
represent a range of analyses, from simple to complex.
Understanding how the ELN will function and the ROI that it delivers over this range will help the
laboratory to extrapolate and evaluate the benefits of implementing the ELN for all of their processes.
If the goal of the project is more focused on a specific problem or problem area in the lab, then all of
the processes that impact that area will need to be considered.
For example, if the lab is hoping to improve on traceability of solutions that are prepared in house and
then used for testing - then they can focus on worksheets that follow the life cycle of a particular
solution from preparation through to the analyses where it is used. A full understanding of the
complete work flow for one solution will create a model that can then be rolled out for all of the in-
house prepared solutions.
Another project goal might be to simply “go paperless” to deliver the benefits of eliminating the costs
of paper management. In that scenario the lab can focus on quickly converting all of their documents
to electronic format with minimal automation within the worksheets.
Choose the right level of automation for each form Once the forms have been identified for the project, the team can then assess the level of automation
that is right for each form. Automation choices can range from no automation (simply making paper
electronic) right through to highly automated worksheets that control work flow and integrate with
other informatics applications.
The degree to which you automate a particular form should take into consideration the time and
resources available for the project and the goals for the project as well as the benefits that automation
will deliver in each case.
For some procedures, for example chromatography sample preparation, a high degree of automation
and data validation is desirable to ensure accurate completion of the form and adherence to the SOP.
For others, a less controlled approach allows the analyst more flexibility to make decisions on the fly.
It is important to remember that you don’t need to be tied into a specific level of automation for all
analyses or worksheets – you can mix and match making sure that each one gets just the right fit.
Page | 105
Step 4 – Build the implementation plan With the team in place, the goals and objectives clearly stated and the project scope and priorities well
defined, the implementation plan may not quite build itself but there should be enough information
and direction to put together a plan that will result in a successful project.
Resources and responsibilities can be identified and allocated by all the groups on the team
Timelines for IT deliverables will need to be coordinated with the schedule of the
implementation team
Milestones and success points need to be clearly laid out and defined
A training plan will need to be developed that accounts for technical training at the IT level as
well as end user training.
Even with all of the planning and preparation that has taken place there will be changes along the way,
so an essential component of the implementation plan will be a clear process for change management.
As changes are proposed, the benefits of the change will need to be measured against the goals of the
project and the impact of the change on project costs, resources and delivery. Maintaining control over
change management is essential to keeping the project focused, on time and on budget.
4 Keys to Success Proper planning of an ELN project gives the organization an opportunity to realize the full benefits of
going paperless, providing a healthy return on their investment for years to come.
The guidelines that we have provided in this White Paper for creating an ELN implementation plan, can
be best summarized by emphasizing these four key components in a successful ELN project.
The Team Assemble a first rate team that represents all stakeholders and includes all of the areas of the
organization that will interact with the ELN.
The Project Goals Have that team clearly and concisely develop project goals that address the issue(s) that the
organization wants to resolve. These goals should include clear criteria for measuring success and
incorporate “next step” planning to keep the organization on the path of continuous improvement.
Decision Making Throughout the life time of the project, there will continually be decisions to make regarding
requirements, resources, schedules and more. If the project goals are used as the criteria that drive
every decision, the project has a much higher chance of success.
Page | 106
Managing Change It is inevitable that there will be changes in plans throughout the life cycle of the project. Aligning
changes with the project goals and documenting both the changes and the expected impact of the
change will help to keep the project on track and will provide valuable input to a post project
evaluation.
Page | 107
Project Management – On Time and On Target
The Professional Services Group at Labtronics recognizes the importance of the implementation
process in delivering optimal value to our customers, so they have developed a team-based, step-by-
step process that is focused on ensuring that each project stays on time and on target.
Our Project Teams The personnel in the Professional Services group are organized into Project Teams consisting of a
Project Manager, one or more Application Specialists and one or more Application Developers.
Depending on the length and complexity of the project, the actual makeup of the team will be scaled
to match the project requirements. On very short projects, one person may manage all of the roles on
the team, taking full responsibility for all of the team functions. On larger projects the team may
include several people in the Application Specialist and Application Developer roles.
The Project Manager is the person who is ultimately accountable for the performance of
the team and the successful delivery of the project. They are the focal point of the project at
Labtronics, working directly with the project sponsor on the client side to ensure that the goals and
deliverables of the project are understood, that the right resources are available at the right time,
monitoring the project progress and taking action if it appears that a project is not staying on track.
The Application Specialist is the team member that provides the most direct
interaction with the end users. Their unique mix of IT, application and laboratory skills helps them to
analyze and understand laboratory requirements, communicate those requirements to the project
team and to provide hands on implementation and training services as required by the project. At
Labtronics our Application Specialists have an average of almost 5 years of hands on laboratory
experience combined with over 5 years of experience working at Labtronics with our products.
Application Developers bring programming skills and an in depth technical knowledge
of Labtronics applications to projects that require advanced configuration of our applications to meet
unique or complex customer requirements.
No matter how large or small the team is, they always follow a regular schedule of internal status
meetings and reviews to ensure that every member of the team is held accountable for their tasks and
that the project remains on time and on target.
Page | 108
Our Process Labtronics’ projects follow a multi-step process that, like the Project Team, can be scaled to match the
length and the complexity of the project. The following steps would be applied to any project of
reasonable complexity - smaller projects may use a subset of these steps
Initiation Letter & Meeting The project process kicks off with an Initiation Letter that is sent to the customer, Labtronics’ Project
Manager, Technical Lead and the Account Manager informing all parties of the start of the project and
proposing an initial phone meeting between the customer and members of the Project Team.
That initial phone meeting serves to introduce everyone, confirm the deliverables of the project,
describe the project management process and make sure that everyone is in agreement on the general
expectations regarding the timelines and the next steps in the project.
Project Plan A detailed Project Plan is then prepared with input from the customer, the Project Manager and the
Analyst(s) working on the project.
This plan includes milestones that represent major accomplishments in the project that have a clearly
defined and measurable end-point. Completion of specifications, implementation of specific
components, end user training, etc are all examples of possible project milestones.
Each milestone is divided into smaller tasks that provide shorter, measurable accomplishments that
can be used to monitor the ongoing progress of the project.
Specification Document Any project that requires method development or extensive configuration of the application will
include a specification document that is created by the Analyst who works closely with the customer to
ensure that the specifications meet their requirements and fit within the initial scope of the project.
Co-development of the specification document is of critical importance in ensuring that the project
remains true to the original goals of the customer while staying within the time and resource
expectations that were initially set.
Issue/Change Management On larger more complex projects, issues and changes will inevitably arise that have the potential to
affect the outcome of the project. With the understanding that clear communication and effective
management of issues and changes is critical to project success, the Professional Services Group
utilizes a management process that focuses on working with the customer to identify, document,
assess and resolve any issues that arise or requests for change that come up during the course of the
project.
Our Issue Management process consists of:
Page | 109
a) Identification and review of the issue
b) Logging of the issue
c) Resolution of the issue
d) Closing the issue
The Change Management process can be summarized as follows:
a) The need for change is identified
b) The change is logged on a Change Request form
c) The cost and schedule impact of the change is noted
d) The Change Request form is approved by the customer
Status Reports Regular status reports keep the lines of communication open throughout the project by keeping all
parties up to date on tasks and milestones that have been achieved, due dates that might not have
been met and identifying the next steps of the project.
Particularly in a large scale project, regular status reports are an important opportunity to let everyone
know where the project currently stands in relation to the schedule and cost.
Labtronics’ procedures require that a status report should be issued at least every two weeks for any
active project of reasonable size and complexity.
Completing the Project Labtronics’ Professional Services Group will verbally confirm with the customer that all of the
milestones and tasks for the project have been completed before initiating the process of closing a
project.
The stage of formally closing the project provides an opportunity to:
a) Ensure that the all tasks and milestones are completed
b) Ensure that all documentation and correspondence related to the project is assembled and
archived
c) Get feedback from the customer regarding our project methodology and performance
d) Generate internal feedback regarding our project methodology and performance
Page | 110
The feedback generated at the conclusion of each project helps the Professional Services Group to
continually evaluate the effectiveness of their process and to improve the framework that they have
created for project success.
Achieving Real Success The success of a project is ultimately measured by more than just how long it took and how much it
cost. These are certainly critical business considerations that must be measured and monitored but the
ultimate measure of a project is whether or not it fulfills the original vision that got it started in the
first place.
At the end of a truly successful project the laboratory should be able to see immediate, measurable
and lasting improvements in how their business operates on a daily basis.
Labtronics’ professional Services Group is confident that they have the people and the processes to
deliver real success.
Page | 111
Paperless Automation Part 1 - Conservative Solution, Radical Technology
Nobody will question that going paperless will improve the efficiency of your laboratory operations.
But there are questions about how much automation should be introduced as you go paperless. How
much automation is the right amount? Can you automate too much? What issues do you need to
understand in order to develop the correct amount of automation?
This article is the first in a 3 part series that will investigate paperless automation by showing three
possible automation options for a typical analytical laboratory to choose from.
Our “typical” analytical lab For this series of articles we will consider a lab that has 12 analysts running a wide range of tests on
both raw materials and finished product.
Some of the more sophisticated instruments produce good reports but the less sophisticated
instruments like balances and pH meters require the analyst to record all data by hand.
The lab has a lot of manual operations as well, including sample prep, microbiological colony counting,
reagent preparation etc that are manually recorded and tracked on paper. In total, there are about 200
worksheets that are used to walk analysts through analyses and to record data and final results.
The lab also has a LIMS that is used to register samples, assign tests, and record final results. Most data
is entered into LIMS manually.
Instruments at this lab are calibrated on a routine basis, but the scheduling and tracking of calibration
results is all done in log books. The lab has a very basic chemical inventory program that needs to be
updated manually, so it is rarely completely up to date and accurate and is therefore rarely used as a
reference during sample analysis.
This “typical” laboratory could add tremendous efficiencies and value to their operation by eliminating
their manual paper based analyses and procedures.
In our series of three articles we will take a look at how three different lab managers approached the
problem of eliminating the paper in this typical lab.
Page | 112
The “conservative” solution Our first lab manager looked at the problem and realized that getting rid of all of their paper and using
electronic forms was going to be a challenge. Taking this one step further and automating each
worksheet was even more of a challenge. With a limited budget, and limited human resources, he had
to decide how much automation they could implement at one time.
He quickly realized that the “best bang for the buck” for the laboratory came from simply going
paperless and creating an on-line, electronic environment to schedule work, review work in progress,
let analysts to do their work on line, and automatically store completed worksheets electronically.
This delivered the most immediate value to the lab by eliminating paper storage and retrieval costs,
eliminating problems due to lost or damaged forms and simplifying management of the worksheet
lifecycle by bringing it on-line.
Now, he had to consider how much automation he should add to each worksheet.
Reviewing the options, it became clear that worksheets can be made electronic and kept very simple
or they can become highly automated. For example, a highly automated worksheet could connect
directly to their chemical inventory system to retrieve expiration dates for chemicals used in the
worksheet and automatically update inventory amounts as they are used. Or the worksheet could
connect to LIMS and automatically report results.
Although this type of automation would add real benefit to the lab, it was decided that they just did
not have the resources to do everything at once. The lab manager decided to focus on going paperless
as quickly as possible, getting the immediate benefits of going paperless and saving the full automation
of the worksheets for Phase 2 of their paperless project.
Figure 1: Adding more automation increases value but also increases the amount of effort and the cost required to convert the form
Page | 113
The radical technology The laboratory elected to use the ReDI™ technology available with Nexxis ELN to quickly convert all
200 paper worksheets into electronic forms in less than a week.
At runtime, the analyst selects the form they want to use and simply drags and drops entry fields right
onto the electronic worksheet entering sample results, observations, comments, and more as they go.
When the analysis is finished, the completed worksheet is automatically saved as a PDF and can then
be scheduled for on-line, multi-level review. A record of the review process, including reviewer’s
comments, is automatically appended to the PDF.
The result Installation, training and conversion of the 200 paper worksheets into electronic forms took only 5
days.
The analysts view the switch to an on-line paperless system as a giant leap forward. They no longer
spend time looking for lost worksheets, tests are no longer overlooked and their worksheets are now
stored electronically in one easy to retrieve location.
In a very short period of time the lab has gone paperless. A significant degree of automation was
achieved in their processes by bringing them on line but there are still additional phases to go through
to add automation to their individual worksheets. Since the project was finished so quickly, the lab
reaped the benefits of their investment almost immediately, and the risk of a failed project was almost
non-existent.
Page | 114
Paperless Automation Part 2 - Right Down the Middle of the Road
In Part 1 of Paperless Automation we started our 3 part
series with a look at a lab manager who wanted to get rid
of the paper in his laboratory and also understood the real
benefits that the lab could gain by adding a high level of
automation to the electronic worksheets they would be
creating.
However with limited resources he chose to take a
conservative approach, focusing on going paperless as
quickly as possible and saving the full automation of their
worksheets for later. Using Nexxis ELN’s new ReDI
technology he was able to convert all of his 200 paper
worksheets into electronic forms in only 5 days.
In this article we continue with a look at a lab manager
with an additional problem to solve – she wants to go
paperless by eliminating their paper worksheets, but she
also needs a solution that will help to reduce the number
of errors and oversights that are occurring in their manual
processes.
Simply making the worksheets electronic doesn’t provide
the degree of automation and control that she wants.
However she has a tight budget to work with and needs to
show results as quickly as possible.
She is looking for a solution that takes her right down the
middle of the road, introducing the benefits of going
paperless and providing just enough process control to
protect against errors while not incurring high costs and
long implementation times.
Balance the need for automation against
time and budget restraints For example, she knows that worksheets aren’t always
filled in completely and even important information can be
Our “Typical” Analytical Lab
For this series of articles we are considering a
representative lab with the following
characteristics:
12 analysts running a wide range of
tests on both raw materials and
finished product.
A combination of sophisticated
instruments that produce good
reports and less sophisticated
instruments like balances and pH
meters that require the analyst to
record all data by hand.
A lot of manual operations
including sample prep,
microbiological colony counting,
reagent preparation etc that are
manually recorded and tracked on
paper.
About 200 worksheets that are
used to walk analysts through
analyses and to record data and
final results.
A LIMS that is used to register
samples, assign tests, and record
final results. Most data is entered
into LIMS manually.
Scheduling and tracking of
instrument calibration results is
done manually in log books.
A very basic chemical inventory
program that needs to be updated
manually, so it is rarely completely
up to date and accurate and is
therefore rarely used as a reference
during sample analysis.
Page | 115
left out. Her lab supervisors are spending too much time reviewing the worksheets for completeness
and having to go back and find or reconstruct missing information. So her automation solution
definitely needs to include the ability to prevent analysts from submitting incomplete worksheets by
clearly identifying and enforcing mandatory fields.
The laboratory also needs a solution that can highlight when an analyst enters a result that is out of
specification (OOS). With their current paper system, OOS results can be entered and are not likely to
be caught until the review process. At that point, a lot of time is taken up as lab personnel investigate
the root cause of the OOS result and determine how many additional samples might be affected. Being
able to highlight OOS results as soon as they are recorded will provide a significant benefit to the
laboratory by reducing the amount of time spent on review, investigation and rework.
Figure 1: Highlighting OOS results as soon as they are recorded helps the laboratory to reduce the amount of time spent on review, investigation and rework.
Unfortunately most paperless automation solutions that provide control over the process have
capabilities that are beyond our lab manager’s capabilities and are also well beyond the limits of her
budget and the time frame that she has been given for implementing a solution and showing results.
They are simply too expensive to purchase and too costly to implement to be realistically considered as
a viable solution for her lab.
The “Middle of the Road Solution” Fortunately she has found Nexxis ELN with ReDI™, a new eForms deployment technology that offers
the “middle of the road” solution that she is looking for - delivering the benefits of going paperless and
meeting her automation needs while keeping within her time and budget constraints.
She has chosen to implement her forms using the ReDI technology:
ReDI™ forms meet her need for automation and control with the ability to make it mandatory for
analysts to enter information into designated fields and the ability to apply warning and error limits to
numeric fields. Analysts will not be able to overlook missing information or OOS results.
Page | 116
ReDI™ forms also meet her time and budget constraints. Electronic forms are typically created in less
than an hour by simply dragging and dropping controls onto a PDF image of an existing paper
document to make a “mask” or template that controls completion of the electronic form. The forms
creation process is simple enough that lab personnel can be trained to convert their paper documents.
Figure 2: A middle of the road solution requires more effort but it produces a more automated system
The Result Our lab manager decided to start with a project that focuses on implementation of Nexxis ELN with
installation, training, and automation of 50 of their most critical worksheets. The scope of the project
was within her budget restraints and would deliver tangible results to the lab within a very short time
frame.
In fact the project was completed in just two weeks. The first week focused on Nexxis ELN
implementation combined with training of 3 members of the laboratory staff in creating electronic
forms using the ReDI technology. During the second week of the project the 3 staff members easily
completed the creation of the 50 worksheets.
The benefits to the lab were almost immediate. In addition to eliminating the costs of managing paper
worksheets, our laboratory manager now has greater confidence in how the worksheets are being
completed, as this process is now more controlled. She has seen a significant reduction in the amount
of time spent on reviewing work and in the amount of time needed to correct errors.
With the training that they have received, the 3 staff members continue to add a few more
worksheets to the system each week.
Page | 117
This laboratory manager took a less conservative route than the lab manager we met in Part 1 of our
series. She chose a higher level of automation which did increase her risk slightly and also required a
larger initial investment. However the pay off for her is a system that truly walks the middle of the road
by meeting her automation and control needs while keeping within the restrictions of her limited time
and funding resources.
Page | 118
Paperless Automation Part 3 – The “I want it all” Solution
In the first two parts of our 3 part series on Paperless
Automation we met one lab manager who focused on going
paperless as quickly as possible without automating his
electronic worksheets, and we also met another lab manager
who needed to include enough process control in her
electronic worksheets to protect against errors but had to
keep within limited time and budget constraints.
Our third manager wants it all. In his words, “A partial solution
is no solution”. His vision is a fully paperless laboratory that
automates and controls every step of their analytical
procedures ensuring that no mistakes can be made and that
their informatics systems are always accurate and up to date.
The electronic worksheets should collect data directly
from instruments. No more manual data entry.
When someone selects a reagent, he wants the
electronic worksheet to automatically check the expiry
date in the chemical inventory application.
Test results should be automatically reported to LIMS.
Electronic worksheets should check for out-of-
specification samples using limits that are retrieved
from the ERP system.
For him, full automation means automating and controlling
every step of the procedure so that no mistakes can be made.
The “I want it all” solution This type of solution requires considerable up front
preparation and planning. For example, instead of just creating
simple entries on a worksheet, this level of solution requires
that each data entry field needs to be examined and defined.
Where does the data come from? What are the business rules
Our “Typical” Analytical Lab
For this series of articles we are considering a
representative lab with the following
characteristics:
12 analysts running a wide range of
tests on both raw materials and
finished product.
A combination of sophisticated
instruments that produce good
reports and less sophisticated
instruments like balances and pH
meters that require the analyst to
record all data by hand.
A lot of manual operations
including sample prep,
microbiological colony counting,
reagent preparation etc that are
manually recorded and tracked on
paper.
About 200 worksheets that are
used to walk analysts through
analyses and to record data and
final results.
A LIMS that is used to register
samples, assign tests, and record
final results. Most data is entered
into LIMS manually.
Scheduling and tracking of
instrument calibration results is
done manually in log books.
A very basic chemical inventory
program that needs to be updated
manually, so it is rarely completely
up to date and accurate and is
therefore rarely used as a reference
during sample analysis.
Page | 119
for entering a value? What are the business rules for accepting, or rejecting a value?
The planning process needs to involve lab management, lab personnel, IT personnel, possibly
representatives from a validation group as well as the solution provider. This team will work together
to establish the project goals, define the requirements for the system and create an implementation
plan.
Once the planning is complete, the solution then needs to be implemented.
With a more complex project like this, there is a higher risk that it might not get completed. Virtually all
IT projects benefit from breaking the project down into manageable phases, and implementing each
phase, one after the other.
This approach allows the implementation team to demonstrate success with the completion of each
phase and it provides the user with a chance to get familiar with the technology step by step, making
adoption of the new technology more successful.
The Result This laboratory decided on a phased approach to implementing this solution, using the Nexxis ELN ReDI TM technology.
With some solutions the process of turning a paper document into a highly controlled and automated
electronic form can require a great deal of custom programming and testing time. ReDI makes the
implementation of these worksheets as easy as possible, but clearly this still requires much more time
and effort than the other two solutions we have discussed.
The first phase of the project was to get some initial electronic forms up and running within a few
weeks. With that phase completed, the team then focused on developing and adding a few additional
forms each week. Completing the implementation of this solution took 4 months and required
significant input from the IT group, but at the end of the process the ELN was fully implemented and
the project was considered a huge success.
While the “I want it all” approach takes considerably more effort, it delivers significantly higher value
through the added automation and control that each electronic form provides (Fig 1). The lab manager
achieves his goal of creating a working environment where no mistakes can be made and their
informatics systems are always accurate and up to date.
Page | 120
Figure 1: A full automation solution requires the most preparation and planning but delivers the highest value through advanced automation and control
What is the right amount of automation? As we have seen from the 3 different laboratory environments that we have looked at, there really
isn’t one right answer to the “how much automation” question. The answer depends on a number of
different factors, but mostly it depends on the amount of resources (time, budget & personnel) that
will be available for the project.
As you add more automation to an electronic form, you increase the value of that form to the
organization but you also increase the amount of effort and the cost required to convert the form.
However, as we have seen from the first two examples we looked at, there are very real benefits that
can be delivered at the lower and middle ends of this scale where fewer resources are required to
deliver the solution.
With the introduction of ReDI (Rapid eForm Development and Implementation) laboratories now have
an implementation solution that covers the full scope of the scale.
Conclusion In this series of articles we have shown examples of three possible solutions, but in reality the right
solution may be a hybrid solution.
Most laboratories will have some simple worksheets that need very little automation. Tremendous
gains can be achieved just by changing these paper worksheets into simple electronic forms that can
be scheduled, completed, reviewed and approved electronically. They will likely have other worksheets
Page | 121
that will benefit from increasing levels of automation and they may also have complex worksheets that
require a high level of control and automation.
With the right application, the laboratory doesn’t need to be tied into a single approach to automation.
Automation inside each electronic worksheet can be done in stages, either by automating just a few at
a time, or by incremental degrees of automation - the level of automation for each worksheet can be
tailored to meet its specific requirements.
When selecting an ELN technology it is important to select one that provides both for today’s needs
and tomorrow’s expansion. You may not need all of the automation today, but you want to know that
it is available should you decide to add it.
Comparison of Low and High Levels of Automation
Degree of Automation Pros Cons
Low – simple worksheets with
minimal automation that can be
managed electronically
- very fast to implement
- virtually no IT
involvement
- immediate payback on
investment
- limited automation
- limited control over the
user
- limited system
integration
High – complex worksheets with
a high degree of execution
control, automation and
integration with other systems
- maximum reduction in
procedural errors
- maximum increase in
efficiency
- better integration with
other systems
- more effort to design
and to implement
- higher risk with a longer
and more complex
project
Page | 122
ELN Pilot Projects Pave the Way for the Paperless Lab
When a laboratory makes the decision to move to a paperless environment, they open up a wealth of
opportunities for change and improvement in how they carry out day-to-day analyses and how they
manage the resulting data.
Eliminate costs associated with the management, storage and retrieval of paper documents
Simplify the review, audit and management of laboratory
worksheets
Ensure full conformance to SOP requirements
Eliminate manual transcription and calculation errors…
These are all possibilities that are created with the transition from
paper to the electronic environment.
In fact, the potential for positive impact is so far reaching that many laboratories choose to start with a
pilot project that gives them the opportunity to evaluate and quantify the full scope of change that can
be introduced by going paperless.
Get going in just a week… A Nexxis ELN pilot project quickly delivers a system that lets the laboratory perform their evaluation
using their everyday forms and real data to demonstrate the potential of the paperless lab.
During a one week on-site visit, a member of Labtronics Professional Services Group will work closely
with laboratory personnel to accomplish the following:
Transfer 2 or 3 paper worksheets or SOPs into Nexxis ELN to show how Nexxis ELN works with
real forms and real data
Provide training in the daily scheduling, completion and approval of worksheets using the
Nexxis ELN web client
Page | 123
Provide configuration training to show how new worksheets are added to Nexxis ELN, so that
the laboratory can continue to expand their system after the pilot project is completed
At the end of the week, with the Nexxis Pilot Project in place, the laboratory is ready to thoroughly
evaluate and understand the advantages that a paperless environment delivers:
On-line scheduling of tests and review of results
Step by step control over the analytical procedure
Automated data collection from instruments
Integration with other applications such as chemical inventory and instrument calibration…
On the road to success… With the Nexxis ELN pilot project, the laboratory gains both the internal training that they need to
continue to expand the system and a platform that simplifies that expansion.
Using the Nexxis web client, the laboratory can bring additional people into the system without having
to install any additional software. New users can simply use the Nexxis web client to access Nexxis ELN
from any network PC using Internet Explorer.
Authorized users who received the configuration training can continue to expand and fine-tune the
system by adding new worksheets or making changes to existing worksheets.
The laboratory is now prepared to smoothly transition from the pilot project to a full scale Nexxis ELN
implementation that will achieve maximum user acceptance and deliver maximum benefits.
Page | 125
DON’T HOLD YOUR BREATH WAITING FOR A TEST CASE ON ELECTRONIC LABORATORY NOTEBOOK RECORDS1
By
Colin G. Sandercock2
1 These materials reflect only the personal views of the author and not the views of Perkins Coie LLP or any other lawyer of the firm, or any of its past, present and future clients. 2 Colin G. Sandercock is a partner in the Washington, DC office of Perkins Coie, LLP, and has counseled clients for twenty seven
years in life science matters including district court litigation, interferences, licensing and procurement and management of
patent portfolios. He is listed in the Best Lawyers in America in the fields of Biotechnology and Intellectual Property (2007-
2011), as a Washington DC Super Lawyer in the field of Intellectual Property Law (2008-2011), and listed in Chambers USA:
America’s Leading Lawyers for Business (2009-2011). Mr. Sandercock previously chaired the Electronic Records ad hoc
Subcommittee of the AIPLA Interference Committee, served as legal counsel to CENSA (Collaborative Electronic Notebook
Systems Association) and frequently lectures on the topics of electronic record keeping for use in research, litigation and
patent interferences.
Page | 126
Electronic laboratory notebooks (“ELNs”) have been around for well more than fifteen years, although
in truth, commercially viable systems from vendors who are still in business have been available for
well less than ten years. During this time, discussions concerning the legal admissibility of ELN records
have invariably drifted to the question of whether there has ever been a test case involving the
admissibility of an ELN record? To be sure, numerous corporate patent counsels have at one time or
another expressed their firm opposition to adopting an ELN system until there is a test case. Given the
increasingly steady deployment of ELN systems by most of the large pharmaceutical companies over
the last five years, however, such resistance has largely waned. That is fortunate because, for the
reasons discussed below, it is extremely unlikely that there will ever be a true “test case” on the
admissibility of ELN records.
First, generally speaking, records created and/or stored electronically have been admitted into
evidence in U.S. court proceedings for over thirty years, and thus litigants and judges are thus well
accustomed to using such records in court proceedings.1 In fact, electronically-created business
records such as e-mails, internal company memoranda, electronic transaction records, and sales
records now constitute a significant percentage of the documents produced in many litigations. In this
regard, ELN records are simply another kind of business record that has been created and/or
maintained in electronic form, and thus the treatment they will receive from courts will be similar to
the treatment given other electronic business records.
Second, to qualify as a true “test case” that would meaningfully address the admissibility of ELN
records, a litigant would first have to ask a judge to exclude an opponent’s ELN record from use in a
court proceeding because of the way in which it was created and/or stored. Under our judicial system,
the decision whether to admit evidence into a court proceeding is a matter that is left to the discretion
of judges. (Similarly, Administrative Patent Judges determine the admissibility of evidence in a Patent
Office proceeding such as an interference.) But because electronic records are commonly accepted in
court proceedings, absent unusual circumstances indicating a lack of trustworthiness about a particular
record, it is unlikely that a litigant would seek to exclude an electronic record on the basis of how it
was created and/or stored. In other words, there would be nothing for a litigant to accomplish (except
to annoy the judge) by challenging an ELN record if the information it conveys is consistent with the
other evidence in the case.
A case on point is the 2002 decision by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in In re Jolley,2
which involved an invention by employees of the Dow Chemical Company. In Jolley, the Court
considered whether a May 1988 e-mail from one employee to another evidenced that they had
conceived of an invention. The facts of this case were such that the information about the invention
conveyed in the e-mail was fully consistent with the actions of the co-inventors before and after the e-
mail was written. For example, other evidence in the case documented the inventors’ efforts to
actually make the invention following their May 1988 e-mail. Thus, there was no reason for Dow’s
1 For a more complete discussion on the admissibility of electronic records in the U.S. courts and the U.S. Patent Office, see Sandercock & Agarwal, Under Strict Rules, Electronic Records Can Enter, The National Law Journal (June 22, 1998). 2 See, In re Jolley, 308 F.3d 1317 (Fed. Cir. 2002).
Page | 127
opponent in the litigation to challenge either the date or content of the May 1988 e-mail. In fact, the
Federal Circuit’s decision mentioned the e-mail over 20 times, but the Court never once considered
whether it the e-mail be excluded or denied credibility because of its electronic origin.
Third, modern ELN systems from reputable vendors can be implemented with appropriate safeguards,
policies and procedures so as to create and archive records that are difficult (or practically impossible)
to falsify. Thus, where appropriate safeguards, policies and procedures exist, the likelihood that a
record from such an ELN system actually could be falsified will be so low as to deter an opponent from
even challenging the credibility of the record.
Finally, there are several practical considerations that weigh against the possibility that we will ever
see a test case decision, or at least that we will see a decision anytime soon. First, most patent
litigations or Patent Office proceedings settle before reaching the stage where there would be a
decision on the admissibility of an ELN record. Hence, even if there were a case in which the credibility
of an ELN record might be meaningfully challenged, the likelihood that the issue would even be
decided by a judge is small.
Second, even if such a case did not settle before the issue were decided by a judge, the judge’s
decision would only be helpful if it found its way into a published, written opinion. Published written
opinions on evidentiary matters are not uncommon, but most decisions concerning the admissibility of
evidence are not included in published opinions (and instead are mentioned only in court transcripts).
If such a ruling did not make it into a published opinion, then unless the aggrieved litigant raised the
judge’s evidentiary ruling on appeal, it likely would not become known. And, even if it were raised on
appeal, appellate courts often rule without specifically addressing all of the issues raised by litigants on
appeal.
Finally, as was illustrated by the Jolley decision discussed above, the time between the creation of an
invention record and the time that the record is addressed in a published court decision can be quite
long. In Jolley, where the invention involved a chlorine-free refrigerant, the interval was fourteen
years. If a record of such an invention had been made five years ago on one of the earliest-
implemented, commercial ELN systems, and assuming against all odds that a decision on the
admissibility of that record eventually were to be published, it could be almost another decade before
the decision would be available.
For pharmaceutical products, it could be even longer. Such products require long pre-clinical, clinical
and regulatory approval periods. Once approved, there also is a period of regulatory exclusivity during
which the patent(s) on the product may not be challenged. Add to that the length of time it takes to
litigate a patent until a decision is published by either a district court or an appellate court, and the
total lag time easily could be twenty years or longer. In such a case, again assuming that five years ago
an ELN record was created for a drug that eventually will obtain marketing approval and then be the
subject of litigation, and again assuming that a decision on the admissibility of that record is eventually
Page | 128
published, it likely would be at least another fifteen years or more until it would be available. By that
time, the cows will be long gone from the barn.
Conclusion
Assuming that reasonable ELN system safeguards, policies and procedures are implemented, then ELN
records will be as admissible as any other electronically created record. The decision to implement an
ELN system, therefore, should be based solely on whether it can enhance productivity and knowledge
management in the intended environment – not on whether there has been a test case.
Page | 129
ELN Meets 21 CFR Part 11 Compliance Requirements
What should you look for in an ELN to ensure that it will meet 21 CFR Part 11 compliance
requirements?
The following table provides an overview of regulatory requirements and the functionality that an ELN
should provide in order to meet those requirements.
Regulatory
Reference #
Regulatory Requirement ELN Requirement
11.10a Discern invalid or altered records ELN should have an Audit Trail that utilizes a
CHECKSUM to ensure validity of all Audit Trail records.
If a record in the Audit Trail has been altered, the
record will be flagged.
Provide a mechanism that will identify record
modifications. The mechanism must be beyond
the control of system users and enabled at all
times.
Activation and accessing the Audit Trail should be
restricted by a security system.
11.10b Produce accurate and complete copies of the
electronic record in human readable form.
The Audit Trail should be able to print reports of all
transactions.
11.10d Allow restricted access in accordance with pre-
defined rules.
The security system should restrict access on a
functional basis. Each significant operation that can be
done in ELN should have a separate security level.
11.10e Capture information relevant to all record
creation, modification and deletion actions.
Data to be recorded is minimally: time and date,
unambiguous description of event and identity of
operator. This record must occur independently of
operator control and, once captured, must be
unalterable.
ELN must have an Audit Trail for recording this data.
Retain original information if the record is
modified.
The original value and the new value should be logged
in the audit trail along with a comment from the user
stating the reason for the change.
Retrieve the Audit Trail for review and copying. Authorized personnel should be able to query the
audit trail to view entries. Entries should be able to be
printed to a printer or a file.
Page | 130
Regulatory
Reference #
Regulatory Requirement ELN Requirement
11.10f Enforce the sequence of operations when
sequencing is required.
ELN should allow for the creation of a sequence of
operations, and then force the users to proceed in the
defined order.
11.10g Restrict use of system functions according to pre-
defined procedures.
The security system should restrict access on a
functional basis. Each significant operation that can be
done in ELN should have a separate security level.
11.10h Verify the integrity of all devices that are sources
of input data or instructions.
ELN should confirm that the right source has been
selected and that it is calibrated for use.
11.50 Ensure signed electronic records contain
information associated with the signing, which
clearly indicates all of the following: 1) the
printed name of the signer, 2) the date and time
of the signing, 3) the meaning (such as review,
approval, authorship) associated with the
signature. Control this information as other
electronic records. Show this information
whenever the record is shown, displayed or
printed.
Ensure that the metadata for electronic signatures is
collected and saved as part of the electronic record.
There should be no way to manually alter this
information.
11.70 Link the electronic signatures to their respective
records in a manner that would prohibit their
modification, duplication or movement.
The metadata for the electronic signatures should be
saved to the audit trail and it should be saved right on
the worksheet. The data on the worksheets needs to
be protected from editing and the production of a PDF
should clearly show to the reader that this is non-
edited electronic signature metadata. A good way to
do this is with a watermark stamp.
Enforce uniqueness of electronic signatures,
prevent re-allocation of electronic signatures, and
prevent the deletion of information relating to
the electronic signature once it has been
executed.
The security system should prevent duplicate users
and duplicate usernames. Records in audit trail should
not be editable. If a change is made on a worksheet,
both the before and after signature information needs
to be saved in the history of the worksheet.
11.200(a)(1) Require at least 2 distinct components of non-
biometric electronic signatures.
This requirement is met by using both a user ID and a
password.
11.200(a)(1)(i) Enforce that both electronic signature
components are entered at least at the first
signing, and following any break of system
activity.
Ideally the ELN allows multiple signings as work is
being completed. It should be able to enforce an
electronic signature each time work is saved. The
ability to log users off an inactive system, based on
time, is also a requirement.
Page | 131
Regulatory
Reference #
Regulatory Requirement ELN Requirement
11.200(a)(1)(ii) Enforce that both electronic signature
components are entered at each signing when
signings are not performed in a continuous
session.
The requirements for electronic signatures should be
configurable.
11.300b Enforce the periodic changing of passwords and
the retention of the record of historic use of an
ID/password combination, after the combination
has been rendered inactive.
Self explanatory.
11.300d Provide urgent and immediate notification of
attempted unauthorized use of passwords, and
take preventative measures to prevent another
(e.g., locking terminals, retaining access cards,
etc.).
Email notifications should be sent to defined
individuals or groups when such an event occurs. In
addition to this, the system should lock the
application until unlocked by an Administrator.
Page | 133
Calculating ROI for an ELN Project
The ROI Calculator for ELN provides a spreadsheet that can be
used to calculate the cost benefits of implementing an ELN. It
will allow you to enter costs for the project, identify the time
savings that you will generate by implementing an ELN for
routine analyses and then calculate your annual savings and your
ROI starting from year one through to the end of year five.
How much does an ELN Project cost?
Software Identifying software costs for an ELN project is pretty straightforward. There will be a fixed, upfront
cost for the software that is based on the number of licenses you need.
Licenses for an ELN are typically based on either named users (purchase a license for every person who
will use the application) or concurrent users (purchase licenses for the maximum number of people
that would use the system at any one time).
Concurrent user licensing is often the best option in laboratories that run multiple shifts or where
analysts don’t need to use the ELN full time. It also provides inexpensive licensing for managers who
only use ELN a few times a day to check on work.
There will also be an ongoing annual support cost that typically provides for software upgrades,
patches and fixes in addition to technical support and may also include membership in a User Forum.
Annual support costs are usually calculated as a percentage of the original license cost.
With those numbers you can quickly determine the software cost over the expected life span of the
software and apply that to your ROI calculation.
Validation Costs Laboratories that work within a regulated environment will
need to account for validation of the installed ELN as part of
the total project cost.
Validation can be done by an internal validation group, by a
third party validation company or by the ELN vendor. Most ELN
vendors provide validation tools that can help to reduce the
cost of validation. For example, they might provide a Validation
Validation Tip Applications that utilize a zero
footprint web client help to reduce
validation costs with no software
installation on the client side.
Free ROI Calculator for ELN
Determine the real dollars and cents
value of an ELN project at your lab.
Click here to download.
Page | 134
Toolkit that includes detailed IQ and OQ documents that significantly reduce the amount of time that
validation groups spend compiling the information that they require to initiate and execute a thorough
IQ/OQ validation.
Hardware Primary hardware costs include any additional workstations, servers, network upgrades that are
required to support the interfacing solution.
Identifying these costs requires a clear understanding of how the solution will be deployed and the
specific hardware, network and operating system requirements of the interfacing solution.
Secondary hardware costs can include peripheral items such as bar code scanners that may be used as
part of the interfacing solution.
To minimize your hardware investment, look for applications that run efficiently on the same platforms
and operating systems, as your in-house “standard”. This will leverage the existing hardware,
infrastructure and technical knowledge that you already have within your organization.
Implementation Implementation costs reflect the resources that are utilized to get the interfaces into production, once
you have the software and the hardware in place.
These typically include configuration of the solution to
meet your specific requirements as well as training both
for end users and for IT personnel that will be supporting
the solution.
Another consideration for implementation costs on an ELN
project is the level of automation that the ELN provides. As
the complexity of the electronic worksheet grows so does
the investment required to create that worksheet.
A simple worksheet with no automation can be created
very quickly. At the opposite end of the scale a highly complex worksheet with calculations, instrument
integration, logical controls and integration with other informatics systems will require a much more
detailed development and testing cycle.
Of course the trade-off is a higher level of automation which will deliver more return by having a more
significant impact on laboratory efficiency and capabilities.
Implementation Tip
Solutions that allow the end user to
take ownership of configuration and
that offer a variety of training
options will help to reduce
implementation costs and therefore
increase your ROI.
Page | 135
Figure 1: More automation requires more effort (investment) but creates more potential return
Show me the savings! An ELN for routine analyses will deliver different levels of savings to the lab depending on the amount
of automation that is applied to the electronic worksheets or processes in the ELN.
Eliminate paper costs A simple ELN implementation with minimal automation built into the electronic worksheets or
procedures will deliver immediate savings by eliminating costs associated with buying, storing,
managing, archiving and retrieving paper.
Deciphering illegible handwriting, looking for missing notebooks, paying for long term storage and
having to search through boxes and boxes of paper to find a worksheet for an auditor, all fade into the
past when you move from paper to an ELN that provides on-line management and access to your
electronic documents.
Automate data collection and calculations More significant returns are delivered when ELN worksheets are connected with instruments -
automatically collecting data, recording it in the electronic worksheets and automating calculations.
Not only do analysts save time, but this level of automation also reduces the amount of time that
needs to be spent on the secondary review of manual data recording and calculations because there is
a consistent, accurate and documented process for calculations - that is applied each and every time.
Control of analyst A ‘smart” worksheet that controls how the analyst works their way through a procedure will provide
even greater savings by enforcing consistent and accurate adherence to SOP requirements. This
Page | 136
reduces or eliminates costs associated with investigations, rework and rejection of results where SOP
requirements were not followed.
Integrate with other Informatics applications Connecting the ELN with existing informatics systems like LIMS, Document Management Systems,
Chemical Inventory, Instrument Calibration, etc can generate tremendous savings by eliminating all of
the manual work that is involved in accessing information from these different systems as well as
ensuring that the systems are automatically kept accurate and up to date.
Sample information can be automatically collected from LIMS, chemicals can be checked to confirm
that the right material is being used and that it hasn’t expired, chemical inventory can be automatically
updated as materials are used, etc.
Page | 138
LIMS and ELN: 1 + 1 = 3
Wikipedia describes synergy as “a situation where the final outcome of a system is greater than the
sum of its parts” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synergy).
That perfectly describes the result of connecting a LIMS with an ELN for Routine Analysis - two
different systems that become stronger and more valuable when they work together.
By itself, a LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System) is an effective solution for recording
and managing sample information and test data. But LIMS is not connected with actual test execution,
particularly routine tests that are executed using paper based documents and procedures.
An ELN (Electronic Laboratory Notebook) for Routine Analysis replaces paper based tests with online
electronic procedures and provides a high level of control and automation over test execution.
Join those two together and you create a system that is greater than the sum of its parts.
Leverage the information already in LIMS by delivering it directly to the lab bench at the time
of analysis
Enhance the quality of generated data by using ELN to automate and control procedural
execution
Speed up reporting of test results to clients and decision makers.
In this article we will identify the different roles that these two systems play in the laboratory workflow
and then take a look at the possibilities for interaction and the benefits these interactions deliver.
Role of LIMS LIMS is focused on information management, storage and reporting– logging in sample information,
test information, test results, instrument calibration, chemical inventory, billing information, etc.
LIMS gets involved at the beginning of the analytical process when samples are logged in and tests are
scheduled. LIMS comes back into play when the tests are completed - collecting, storing and reporting
results.
Limitations of LIMS LIMS does not get involved in the actual analysis of the samples, so it is not able to manage or control
day to day analyses in real time.
Page | 139
LIMS can check results against specifications and identify OOS (Out-Of-Specification) results
but only after the tests have been completed and results have been entered in LIMS
LIMS can monitor instrument calibration and even flag instruments that need to be calibrated
but LIMS can’t prevent the technician from using the instrument at the time of analysis
LIMS can be used to manage inventory (standards, solutions, reagents, etc) but it cannot link
inventory information to the test as it is being carried out. Accessing and updating inventory
management in LIMS is dependent on manual activity that is often unreliable and inaccurate.
LIMS typically can’t display raw data from routine analyses as usually only results are stored in
LIMS.
A key limitation of LIMS is its inability to interact directly and in real-time with routine analyses as they
are being carried out at the bench level.
Role of the Electronic Laboratory Notebook for Routine Analysis An ELN for Routine Analysis takes over at the bench level, right at the point of analysis, providing real
time control and automation of testing procedures.
Ensures proper procedural execution
Automates manual processes
o Instrument data collection
o Calculations
o Limit Checking
o Calibration checking
o Inventory checking and updating
Provides electronic documentation and access to test results
This additional layer of control ensures compliance with SOPs during the analysis and protects the
integrity of collected data.
Limitations of an Electronic Laboratory Notebook While an ELN has a full understanding of the test and the test procedure, it has no inherent knowledge
about the samples or the test specifications. That information has to come from somewhere else.
In most laboratories sample information (Sample ID, test specifications, Due date, Assigned By, Client
Name, etc.) will be stored in LIMS.
Page | 140
Often other information that is important to the analytical process such as chemical inventory or
calibration information is also stored in LIMS.
LIMS and ELN Working Together We have seen that LIMS provides overall sample management. On the other hand an ELN focuses all of
its attention on the point of analysis – what is happening in real time as the sample is being analyzed.
The real-time, automated transfer of information back and forth between LIMS and ELN ensures that
information in both applications is accurate, complete and kept up to date in real time.
Sample and test information from LIMS can be automatically added to electronic worksheets in
the ELN
The ELN can automatically transfer sample results back to LIMS as soon as the analysis is
complete
Chemical inventory in LIMS can be automatically adjusted as chemicals and solutions are used
or prepared using worksheets in ELN
ELN can use LIMS to automatically check expiry dates on chemicals and solutions as they are
being used
Test limits stored in LIMS can be used by ELN to provide real time limit checking for OOS
results
Etc….
This real-time communication between the ELN and LIMS means that analysts don’t have to spend
their time manually looking for and recording information. This helps to reduce their workload,
eliminate errors generated by manual processes and speeds up execution of the tests.
LL+ ELN = More Value for the Laboratory Clearly, blending these two separate systems together into an integrated system is a natural fit. The
value of each system is enhanced by the interaction between the two.
Page | 141
What is an iLAB?
iLAB, an acronym for “integrated laboratory”, is a term that describes a new type of laboratory
informatics system - a total laboratory automation system.
Understanding the value of an iLAB starts with an understanding of 4 key problems with today’s
informatics systems.
1. No ‘Real-Time’ Control of Users: On a daily basis analysts are required to follow SOPs, but there is no way to enforce the SOP.
For example, an analyst is expected to check that a reagent is suitable for the test that they are
doing, but there is nothing in the system that ensures that the check is made.
It is left up to the analyst to check SOP requirements and make decisions about each step in the
process.
Analysts are being asked to make far too many decisions about the processes they are completing.
2. Limited Management of Workflow: To illustrate this point, ask yourself the following question, “How does my informatics system
adjust itself when an instrument breaks down at 2:00 pm?”
What should your system be able to do in this case?
It should check to see if a different instrument can be used for the same tests.
If the other instrument is already booked, then it needs to re-assign samples so that the
high priority samples are analyzed first.
It might need to reschedule the work for someone, so that the repair of the instrument is a
priority.
The system may need to notify others outside of the lab that the test results will be
delayed.
All of these decisions should be automatic, and they need to take into account all of the available
information about the lab and its resources. Today’s informatics systems are not close to providing
real management of workflow.
Page | 142
3. Most processes are human driven or paper driven, not Event-Driven: As long as a process is paper-based, it is human driven, not Event-Driven. People are expected to
make too many decisions - approving results, prioritizing work and making sure they are following
procedures.
A totally automated system will have almost all decisions made by the system. The system will
check and ensure that the correct processes are being followed the same way, all of the time.
These decisions will be based on events that take place. An event can be any action. It could be
something that an analyst does, like select an instrument from a list or it could be an action that
the system takes, like checking training records.
4. Limited integration of information: Anyone who is working with more than one software system in their lab will recognize this
problem - the lack of integration between software systems and between instruments and
software systems.
With proper integration, you gain two very valuable benefits:
a) Information is only stored in one place
b) Information is instantly available when and where it is needed.
When you look at these four key issues, you soon realize that they add up to “No Automated Workflow
Control”. If users are not removed from the decision making process and systems are not integrated,
you cannot have automated workflow control.
What does an iLAB look like? An iLAB system that solves all of the above problems can be visualized as follows:
Page | 143
Figure 1: In the iLAB, applications are connected through the Real-Time Integration layer. Workflow Control automates workflow decisions by applying business rules to information from all applications.
At the bottom of the diagram you have the main laboratory application systems LIMS, ELN, Instrument
software, etc. Each of these operates on their own and carries out very specific functions for the
laboratory.
Each application is connected to all of the other applications through the Real-Time Integration layer,
not directly to each other. This is critical in the design of the system to keep the number of integration
points to a minimum.
Any information in any of the applications is available to all of the other applications, when and where
it is required. If ELN needs information about the calibration of an instrument, it gets it from the
calibration application through the Real-Time Integration layer.
Above the Real-Time Integration layer is the Workflow Control layer. This layer takes information from
all applications and applies business rules to maximize the correct Workflows. If an instrument breaks
down, it is this layer that reschedules work for everyone, so that the whole lab is best able to meet its
targets.
Real-Time Integration and Workflow Control are very critical concepts in the iLAB design. So, let’s look
at each of those in more detail.
Page | 144
Real-Time Integration Real-Time Integration means that all data is available immediately, when and where it is required.
Having data available immediately means that the system can perform a lot of automated checks, and
it can prevent errors from occurring. It is also able to make decisions for users.
Data and Events are validated immediately and automatically. Each new piece of data is evaluated,
approved and stored in its correct location. Events are reviewed and approved by the system before
subsequent events can be initiated.
Data is stored in a single ‘correct’ location. Nothing causes more problems to an automated system
than trying to maintain information in more than one location.
Workflow Control Each event (anything that happens) automatically initiates other events. Some of these events will
require a human to complete and others will be completed automatically. Some events will affect the
current schedule and, therefore, future events will be re-scheduled and re-prioritized.
For example, in an iLAB, an event like selecting a balance will automatically initiate the following series
of events:
Check for calibration
Check suitability of the balance for the planned work
Check training records
Log use of the balance into an instrument log book
Retrieve calibration information
Retrieve an instructional SOP
In this example, the single event of selecting a balance triggered an interaction with as many as 5 other
applications.
What is Nexxis iLAB and how does it compare to the iLAB described
above? The following diagram illustrates Labtronics’ Nexxis iLAB product. Nexxis iLAB can provide support for
each of the applications excluding ERP and instruments.
Page | 145
Figure 2: Nexxis iLAB meets all of the requirements of an iLAB, but it does not include applications for instrument software or ERP.
Nexxis iLAB adds some additional functionality to the iLAB system.
Plug & Play applications The design of the connection between the application and the Real-Time integration layer is critical to
the iLAB’s ability to support the selection of best of breed applications.
Labtronics has designed a set of API standards for communication between the applications and the
Integration layer. This means that the applications are interchangeable.
For example, you can remove Nexxis SDMS and replace it with either NuGenesis (from Waters) or
CyberLAB ECM (from Agilent) applications without losing functionality. Since the API design for the
SDMS is the same for each of these applications, the replacement of one for another only requires a
simple one screen configuration. Once configured, the Real-Time Integration layer is unaware of which
SDMS is connected.
Page | 146
Figure 3: Using Labtronics' API for communication, applications can be interchanged with just a simple screen configuration.
Nexxis iLAB’s API is so generic that even popular documentation systems could be used in place of the
SDMS.
This Plug & Play feature is very important when adding iLAB to a laboratory that already has existing
informatics systems. There is no need to replace existing systems.
Out-of-the-Box Configuration Much of Nexxis iLAB has been designed to provide you with simple configuration instead of scripting
and programming custom solutions.
For example, the ReDI Technology in Nexxis ELN lets you create automated worksheets with simple
click and drag functionality. Connecting an ELN worksheet to instrument calibration information,
training records and updating instrument log books is accomplished in a minute or two by simple
configuration.
Connecting to existing LIMS systems is done through standardized LIMS modules, which require only
simple, one screen configurations.
Page | 147
Application Note: Environmental Monitoring with LimsLink and Nexxis iLAB
Environmental Monitoring can mean a number of different things, everything from monitoring a
room’s temperature to swabbing equipment in order to detect microbial contamination. For the
purposes of this Application Note, we will define environmental monitoring as the automated
measurement of environmental parameters. These parameters are measured by instruments and
include physical measurements such as temperature and humidity as well as the measurement of
chemicals such as solvent vapors in the air.
This application note will also examine ways in which this data can be used to control the lab.
Environmental monitoring is really a multi-stage process. It starts with the collection and storage of
data. Once you have data it can be reviewed manually and used to control lab processes. The data can
also be used to initiate warning systems and notify people by email and phone that a problem exists.
This application note will look at various ways to use the collected data.
Collecting Environmental Data Data is generated by instruments that are able to monitor a parameter like temperature and then send
that data to a computing device. This type of instrumentation can be used in a number of situations:
Monitor the temperature and humidity of the lab
Monitor the temperature of storage chambers, or stability rooms
Monitor pH and oxygen levels during a fermentation process
Monitor online instruments in production
Monitor solvent levels in a room
In each case, the instrument gathers data and sends it to the computing device at specific intervals.
LimsLink is a great product for collecting this kind of information. It is able to collect data from almost
any type of device. It can then perform calculations such as averaging the data. For example, the data
might be collected at 1 point per second and you may only want to store the average over a 10 second
interval. Once the data is in the format you want, LimsLink will automatically save the measurements
along with a date/time stamp. This data is now available to any system that needs it.
LimsLink is generally set up on a central sever, and all of the environmental monitoring devices can
report to the same LimsLink install. All of this happens in the background.
Page | 148
Figure 1: LimsLink can capture data from environmental monitoring devices, perform any required calculations and save the data to a database
Viewing Environmental Data Nexxis iLAB contains a module called Nexxis Report Manager (Nexxis RM). Nexxis RM provides a
number of tools for reporting the data collected by LimsLink. This reporting process is a manual
process where the operator goes to Nexxis RM, selects a report type, and supplies information for
producing the report including such
things as the location, parameter
being monitored, and the time period
for the report.
Nexxis RM will then produce the
report. The details in the report
depend very much on the design of
the report template, which can be
designed to meet any needs. The
report can be sent to Excel, a PDF, a
printer and the report can even be
displayed on the Nexxis iLAB
dashboard.
Nexxis Mobile can also be used to view the data. Nexxis Mobile is a module
of Nexxis iLAB that allows you to use a mobile device like an iPhone or
Blackberry to retrieve data that has been stored by LimsLink. The mobile
device can be used to display current or historical environmental data. For
example you can log in, and retrieve the pH and oxygen values for your
fermentation process to make sure that it is progressing as expected.
Figure 2: Nexxis Report Manager provides a variety of tools for reporting environmental data.
Figure 3: Nexxis Mobile allows you to view current or historical environmental data on an iPhone or Blackberry
Page | 149
Controlling Lab Processes A number of procedures in the lab are dependent on knowing the environmental conditions.
Weight measurements may be affected by humidity
Calibration of pipettes is affected by temperature, barometric pressure and humidity
Stability studies depend on knowing the environmental conditions in the storage chambers
Safety in the lab may requirement the monitoring of chemical vapors
When a lab process is affected by an environmental process it is important to check the environmental
parameters in real time as the lab work is being carried out. Nexxis iLAB allows you to do this.
Consider the example where you are weighing samples that are very sensitive to humidity, e.g.
weighing tissue paper. The standardized and approved procedure for this analysis requires that the
weighing is carried out within a specific humidity range. It is important that the analyst is prevented
from weighing samples if the room is not within the specified range.
In Nexxis ELN, worksheets can be set up so that
just before weighing begins, the system retrieves
the current humidity values and determines if
the process can be continued. Nexxis ELN can
write the current value right onto the worksheet,
along with weight values.
This produces a report that has all of the
important metadata in one place, and anyone
reviewing the report in the future knows (a) that
the work was done at the correct humidity level,
and (b) they know the exact humidity at the time
the test was completed.
Environmental Warnings Environmental monitoring may be in place to prevent a problem from happening. For example you
may want to ensure that storage conditions are maintained, or you might be monitoring for toxic
Figure 4: A Nexxis ELN worksheet can check environmental parameters in real time and use that data to control the process
Page | 150
gases. In such cases, you want a system that collects and stores the data, but you also want it to check
the value of the data and take some kind of action when a limit is reached.
LimsLink is already collecting and processing the data. It is an ideal system to use to also check the
value of the parameters and to set the alarm if the data is not within acceptable limits. The processing
of this data is a usually a bit more complex than just looking at a value.
A single data point that is outside of limits may not be significant enough to trigger the alarms. You
may want to look at a rolling average over a number of data points. This eliminates noise issues with
the measuring equipment.
You may also want warning levels. One way to do this is to calculate the current trend and check to see
if the trend is heading towards a problem. If it is, a warning may be generated which would be a
different action than an alarm. There are various algorithms that can be used for calculating the trend,
depending on the consistency of the data and your specific goals.
All of these calculations can be easily configured inside LimsLink.
What happens when an alarm or warning level is reached? There are a number of options:
Start an actual alarm such as a horn or flashing lights
Send an email
Send a report including current data
Turn something on or off - for example a switching valve, heater etc
LimsLink is capable of carrying out each of these actions in real time as the data is being collected.
Conclusion LimsLink is an ideal tool for environmental monitoring. It will collect data from almost any device,
process and analyze that data, store the data, and even take action if values exceed limits.
Once the environmental data is stored, Nexxis iLAB can report on the data or use it to control the
analyst in real time right at the bench level.
The combination of LimsLink and Nexxis iLAB provide a complete environmental monitoring system.
Page | 151
Nexxis ELN and Nexxis CIM Integrate for Real-Time Chemical/Solution Management
In this application note, we will show how real-time management and control over solution
preparation is attained when Nexxis ELN is integrated with Nexxis CIM, a Chemical Inventory
Management application.
The Problem Most laboratories prepare solutions that are entered into their inventory and then used in subsequent
analyses.
With a paper-based system, significant amounts of time and resources are dedicated to ensuring that
SOPs are followed as solutions are prepared and that the solutions are correctly recorded into
inventory.
As solutions are being used, the laboratory needs to confirm and document that the correct solutions
are used for the analyses and that the solutions have not passed their expiry dates. Of course, the
inventory record needs to be updated to reflect the amount of solution remaining after each analysis,
as it is imperative to know when solutions reach a minimum level so the lab can initiate preparation of
new solutions for inventory.
Occasionally, the lab will realize that there is a problem with a specific lot of a solution and will need to
go back through their records to identify all of the analyses where that lot was used. With a paper-
based system, this is tedious and time consuming and there is always the possibility of missing
instances where the suspect solution was used.
The Solution Nexxis ELN, combined with Nexxis CIM, provides an automated electronic system for controlling,
managing and documenting solution preparation and the use of solutions in the lab.
Nexxis ELN worksheets are used to control and monitor the preparation of each solution, ensuring that
each step of the SOP is followed and providing documentation of who prepared the solution and when
it was prepared. When the analyst completes the preparation process, the new volume of solution is
automatically added into the Nexxis CIM inventory database.
Page | 152
When an analyst uses a prepared solution as part of an analysis that has been set up as a Nexxis ELN
worksheet, they can be prompted to manually enter the lot # of the solution they are using or to
simply scan the barcode on the solution container.
Nexxis ELN can then use that information to automatically query the Nexxis CIM database to confirm
that the lot # entered corresponds to the appropriate solution for the test and that the solution has
not passed its expiry data. If there is a problem, Nexxis ELN can inform the analyst immediately and
they can take appropriate action.
When the step that uses the solution is completed, Nexxis ELN can automatically update Nexxis CIM to
reflect the amount of solution that was used. As soon as the inventory level reaches a minimum point
set in Nexxis CIM, an email can be issued indicating the need to prepare a new lot of that solution.
All of the information entered into the Nexxis ELN worksheet is saved into the Nexxis ELN database and
an image of the completed worksheet is saved electronically as a PDF.
If the lab realizes that there is a problem with a specific lot # of a solution, they can quickly search the
Nexxis ELN database to find all of the worksheets and samples that used that lot #. The PDF versions of
the worksheets can be called up to verify the work that was done with the suspect solution.
The Result Together Nexxis ELN and Nexxis CIM provide an integrated solution that does away with the
inconsistencies and oversights that are inherent in manually managing solution preparation and
eliminates the time and resources required to maintain a paper-based system.
Nexxis ELN ensures that SOPs are always followed throughout the solution preparation
process, ensuring the consistency of prepared solutions.
The Nexxis ELN database and worksheet PDF provide documentation of solution preparation
and use for internal review and audit purposes, eliminating the need to retrieve paper records
from storage.
The Nexxis CIM inventory is automatically updated as solutions are prepared and used,
ensuring that inventory records are timely and accurate.
Nexxis CIM provides confirmation that the analyst is using the right solution at the time of
analysis, avoiding errors due to incorrect use of solutions.
Nexxis CIM provides confirmation that the solution has not passed its expiry date at the time of
analysis, eliminating inaccurate results due to use of expired solutions.
Email notification is automatically issued when solutions reach a minimum level, avoiding
situations where tests are held up due to unexpected shortages of solutions.