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Elizabethan England to Civil War

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Henry VIII (1509-1547) Tudor King Catholic turned Protestant Catholic Wife: Catherine of Aragon Daughter: Mary I (Bloody) Protestant Wife: Anne Boleyn Daughter: Elizabeth I Wife Jane Seymour Son: Edward VI 3 More wives followed All 3 children served on the throne of England

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King Edward IV (1547-1553) Son of Henry VIII from Jane Seymour Protestant First Heir to throne after Henry VIII

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Queen Mary I - Bloody Mary (1553-1558) Restored Catholicism Married Philip II, Son of Charles V of Spain Persecuted Protestants

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Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) The Virgin Queen never marries But marries England Protestant - Anglican Defeats Catholic Philip II and the Spanish Armada Passes Act of Uniformity Act of Supremacy Executes her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots (Catholic) Needs $, Joint-stock co.

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Mary Queen of Scots (1542-1567) Executed by Elizabeth Elizabeths cousin Conspired against Elizabeth, though she was Elizabeths cousin Fought against John Knox (Presbyterian) Roman Catholic The Reformation in England

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James VI Becomes James I (1603-1625) Son of Mary Stuart, only relative to Elizabeth able to be heir Believed in Divine Right of Kings Clashes with Parliament He thought he was above asking parliament for $ Absolute Ruler Puritans again asked for reform Like Elizabeth, Church is Monarchs business, not parliament

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Charles I (1625-1649) Son of James I Divine Right Forced to sign Petition of Right Dissolved Parliament and avoided them for 11 years Religion finally led to Civil War Archbishop William Laud (Scots must follow Church of England) Charles needed $ to fight Scots, so he had to call Parliament Parliament passed laws to limit kings powers Charles stormed parliament with soldiers England divided!

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Puritan Revolution Cavaliers v Roundheads Roundheads win and try Charles I for treason He is convicted and beheaded

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CavaliersV.Roundheads

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Cromwell the Military Dictator 1649-1658 First constitution in a European Nation Claimed to be a Republic No merrymaking! Led massacre in Ireland when they attempted to gain freedom The English wanted a King again!

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Restoration Monarchy Charles II Son of Charles I NO Divine Right Theater, Arts & Merrymaking restored Habeas Corpus Argument over religion Rise of political parties Whigs (Against James II) Tories (For James II) James II Son of Charles I Claimed Divine Right Catholic (even Tories abandoned him) Due to fear that he would enforce Catholicism as the new state religion Whigs and Tories planned to replace James

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The Glorious Revolution A Bloodless Transition of Power William & Mary William of Orange (Protestant prince of the Netherlands) Mary (Protestant daughter from James IIs first wife) Compromise with Parliament for Limited Monarchy English Bill of Rights No suspending parliaments laws No taxes without parliaments approval Freedom of speech for parliamentarians No standing army in time of peace No excessive bail

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Early Enlightenment: Philosophers Thomas Hobbes Influence: Beheading of Charles I Nature of Man: Evil, Stupid, Self-serving Government: Absolute Monarch Author of: Leviathan John Locke Influence: Glorious Revolution Nature of Man: Innately good and capable of reason Government: Democracy Thomas Jefferson