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The article deals with the interaction of the theocratic state of the Teutonic Order and secular politicalstructures in Eastern and Central Europe Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Czechia, Hungary,Moscow State and the Holy Roman Empire. The starting point of the article is the authors description of theOrder as a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire. The investigation covers the period from the 14th century till thefirst quarter of the 16th century that is from the formation of the Orders State in Prussia till its transformationinto a secular duchy of Prussia. The main place in the article takes the description of political and militaryexpansion of the Crusaders in the Baltic region as well as diplomatic contacts of the Order and its neighborstates. The article also reveals the impact of the Order on the formation and development of monarchies inEastern Europe.

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Keywords: Teutonic Knights, Crusaders, Prussia, Livonia, Samogitia, Pomorie, union.

(1198) ( ) . , , . , , , [1, . 7]. (Rex Romanorum), , (Caput Christinitatis).

XII ., , , , , , .

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, 1320 . . . , I . , ( II III) , 1300 . [15, . 2425]. (Regnum Poloniae) . , , . I .

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16

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18

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19

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22

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. IV (13781419) , . , , . , (14201431), . . , , [24, 410, s. 499500]. , , 14121413 . , . , [37, s. 506507].

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( ) 1420 . . [25, t. II, 1288, s. 65]. . . , . , . . , , [24, 893, s. 491].

23

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, . , , . . . . , , . , . , , [27, s. 478]. , . , , , , .

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24

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. , . , . , 1411 ., [40, . 42]. (1466). . , , . . . , IV. , , 1234 . [2, . 158]. . , , . .

25

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, . , XIII . . , .

, 1466 . , . , . (14981510) I (15081519) (14921501). 1501 . , .

1510 . , . I (15061548) . , , , , . , , , . , .

XV . , . , (14711526). (14711516) (14901516), (15161526) [41]. I, , , . , , , . . , . . I , . 1491 . I III [42, s. 8082; 43, . 260271].

I (15061548) , XV XVI . . 1514 ., , . . , . 1517 . . . , 10 . 2 . [44, . 179]. , , III , [ . 45].

1519 . . . , , .

26

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. . . , , , . 1521 . , . V (15191520) , (15161526). . , .

, . . 1523 . , , . () , . . , [2, . 162163]. , .

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(13861572) . , . . , , , , .

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27

. . .

. , , . . , [98]. , , , .

1. . . : . . : , 1977. 199 .

2. . : , 1996. 538 .3. Christensen E. The Northern Crusades. London; New York : Penguin, 1998. 287 p.4. . . . : , 1997. 384 .5. Caspar E. Hermann von Saltza und die Grnding des Deutschjrdensstaates in Preuen. Tubingen :

Verlag V J. C. B. Mohr Paul Siebecki, 1924. 200 s.6. . / . . . . . : ACT : , 2007. 416 .7. , XIXIII . / . . . . . :

, 1987. 264 .8. ., ., . . . :

, 1980. 559 .9. . // :

XIIXIV . . : , 1974. . 6778.10. . . . : . . . . 1915. 331 .11. . . . . : , 2010. 320 .12. . , // .

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14. Gejsztor A. Polska a kraje Niemieckie w redniowieczu // Z dziejw stosunkw polskoniemieckich.Warszawa : Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. 1964. S. 1028.

15. . . . : .2001. 800 .

16. Wyrozumski J. Kazimierz Wielki. Wrocaw; Warszawa; Krakw; Gdask; d : Zakad Narodowyimienia Ossoliskich. 1986. 258 s.

17. Torkarz G. Zarysy Historii Polski Piastw i Jagieonw. Analiza politologiczna. Wrocaw : OficynaWydawnicza Arboretum. 2007. 267 s.

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19. . . // . . : . 1963. 483 .

20. . . i. i : . . 2010. 243 .

21. Codex epistolaris Vitoldi, Magni Ducis Lithuaniae. 13761430. Cllektus Opera Antoni Prochaska //Monumenta medii aevi historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. T. VI. Cracoviae. Komitet Historyczny Akademii.1882. CXVII. 1113 p.

22. Skarbiec dyplomatw papiezskich, cezarskich, krlewskich, uchwa narodowych, postanowie rnychwadz i dziejw poslugu cych do krytycznego wyjanienia dziejw Litwy, Rusi Litewskiej i cciennych krajw.Zebra i w trzei opisa Ignacy Danilowicz. Wilno : Drukarnia A. Kirkora. 1860. T. I. 391 s.; 1862. T. II. 370 s.

23. owmiaski. H. Agresia krzyacka na Litw w XIIIXV w. // Przegld historyczny. Warzawa, 1954.T. XLV. Z. 23. S. 338371.

24. Dzieje Korony Polskiej i Wielkiego Ksistwa Litewskiego od roku 1380 do 1535, przez Bernarda zRachtamowiec Wapowskiego, ze wieo odkrytego rkopisu, z zyku aciskego na ojczysty przetumaczy,

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przypiskami objani... Mikoaj Malinowski. Wilno : Nakadem i czcionkami T. Glcksberga, ksigarza itypografa szk Biaoruskiego naukowego okrgu. T. I, 1847. 491 s.; T. II. 1847. 518 s.; T. III. 1848. 511 s.

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(13671398 .) // ARCHE 10 (97). , 2010. . 39123.

24 2011 .

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This article examines texts interpolations about Jesus Christ in the old Russian translation of The JudaicWar by Josephus Flavius. Old Russian translator transferred in his translation the socalled testimoniumFlavianum from another work of this Roman historian, but represented it in his own interpretation. TestimoniumFlavianum in old Russian translation is the complex compilation of translators original ideas and his informationinterpretations of data gleaned from other ancient sources. The Russian translator used the information fromThe Judaic Antiquities by Josephus Flavius, Gospels of Luke, John, Matthew, some apocryphas. Hischaracteristics of Pontius Pilate is similar to characteristics of this prefect of Juea by Philo of Alexandria in hisEmbassy to Caius. The appeal of pupils of Jesus to capture Jerusalem and to proclaim him the king of Judaeais the main original, idea of old Russian translator among his interpolations in the text of Josephus.

: , , , , , .

Keywords: Josephus Flavius, testimonium Flavianum, old Russian translation of The Judaic War,Rome, Pontius Pilate, Jesus Christ.

, , . , , , ( , , ) , , . , ( , , , , ),, , , ( , , ), . , , , . ( ).

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30

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, (. ., XVIII, 3,3) : , , . , . . . . , , . , . , [2, . 439].

. , , . , , , . .? , ,

31

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. . , , , . . , . , . IV . , [3, . 4142].

, , [4, p. 459460; 5, s. 147]. , , , ., , .

. . , . , . . . . , , : . , ; . ; , , . , . , [6, . 593].

. . , (), , . , . , . , . , , . , , .

. , ., . . ( ), 642 . , . . . 1910 . . . 1970 . [7, . 122; 8, . 6769; 9, . 6264]. . , , ( 1544 .) ,

32

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. , . , . , 254 . [10, . 33; 4, . 459].

, . : . : . , , . . , , , , . , 6673 . , . , ( 52 .), (. . . . XVIII, 4, 2; XX, 6, 13). , , .

( testimonium Flavianum) . . : . , ; , , , , , , [10, . 91]. , , , , . : : , , ,, . , . , . . , , . , . , [11, . 188]. , , , .

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33

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: , , , . , , , . , . []: , , , . , , . , , , , . , , , , [ ]. , [] . [] , , , [12, . 259261].

. . , , , , , [10, . 103]. , , , . , , [10, . 103]. . .

34

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, , , : . , , , , , , 11:48 [10, . 103]. , , , [10, . 103] ( III . , , ). , , .

, . . . , . , , ( , ), . . , , , . ( , ). ( ), ( ) ( ). . : , , , .

, , , . . . , (6: 15), , [10, . 103]. , , . ( , ) . . , , ( ). (II, 13, 5), (XX, 8, 6). , , , , , : , ? (21: 38).

(5260 .). . , 150 . 30 000 , , 400 200 .

35

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, , , , , . : , , , [13, . 167168]. : , , , , , . , . (, I , ) ( , ). , , , . : ? (. 27: 11; . 15: 2; . 23: 3; . 18:33). , (1: 17)) (3: 2338) , , : ! ( ) , , ( I . . .) . . , , , , , , . , , , , .

( ), , . , (). , , , () , . , , , (. 22: 6771; 23: 12). , : ? , , . , , . , , , , , . , , , [7, . 51]. , , (

36

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), , , . . , . .

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, (167142 . . .) ( 104 . . . , ), 63 . . ., II . II II , . 57 . . . , 5 ( ) [14, . 126]. , . 47 . . . II, (. . . , I, 10, 3; . ., XIV, 8, 5). . (rex socius), , 40 . . ., , 37 . . . [15, . 164]. , , , , ( ) . , . 6 . . ., , , (. . . , II, 7,3; 8, 1; . ., XVII, 13, 2; XVIII, 1,1).

( , ) . (eparchia), , (prostheken) (Bell. iud., II, 12, 1; Antiq. iud., XVII,13, 5; XVIII,1,1; XVIII, 2, 1) [16]. (epitropos) (, , ) (Bell. iud., II,8, 1; II, 9, 2; II, 12,8) (4748 .) (4852 .) : eparchiasdiadechetai ten epitropen apo Alexandrou Koumanos (Bell. iud., II, 12, 1). , hegemon, diadochos, (4447 .) (Antiq. iud., XX, 5, 1). (epitropos) ( , 38) [17]. (. 110 .) procurator , (4852 .) (, XII, 54; XV, 44).

37

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, (, V, 9). 1961 . (praefectus Judaeae) [4, . 42; 5, s. 195196; 18, . 1112]. . ( ) hegemon [18, . 135], .

. I. , , , . , , (, ). I ( ) (, ). , (. . . , II, 6, 3).

I . 34 . , 37 . , I, . [13, . 216217; 15, . 165]. I , . 41 . , I I (. . ., II, 11, 5). , 44 ., . 53 . II ( I), , (. . ) [15, . 165].

41 . , 44 . ( ) ( , , 4748 .) [15, . 165]. ( ) 641 . , : 3 ( 4) [18,. 5], . , 44 ., , . . . . , . ( 36 .) ( 52 .) (. . . ., XVIII, 4, 13; XX, 6, 13). ( 37 .), . , . ( ), (

38

.

), ( ), (5260 ., ), 66 . 6667 . , , 132135 . , . , , [15, . 165].

, , , , . , (4447 .) (4748 .), , , , . (. , II, 11, 6), . , , . , , . 3744 ., I , , . , , , ( , , ; , ). , . , ( ), , . . , . , , . .

, ( ), , . . , [19, . 325326]. ( ) . , . , , : [19, . 331].

39

. . .

. , ?

. ( , ), ( , 38), (, XV, 44). . , . , 10 , 11 . 4 , ; (. . . . XVIII, 2, 2; 4, 3). , , , ( 26 32 .) , . 32 ., 35 ., . , , , . ( ) (. . . ., XVIII,3, 13; 4, 12; . , II, 9, 24; . , 38). , , . , . , , . . , (, ). , , (, I, 8 10 ). . , , ,, . , . (, ) .

, , . , , . . . , , . , , , 17 (. . . , II, 14,69). , .

40

.

, , : ?. , , : (. 27:131, 37; . 15:120, 26; . 23:13, 3638; . 19:122). , , , . ., , , . . , , , , , , . . : . : , ; , , (. 29; 12). , , , , [19, . 335336]. : , , , , , , ?.

, , , 26 . , ( ). ( ) . , , . 31 . . , . , . , . , , , (, , ). , . , , , . , , , , . : , , (. .,XVIII, 4, 12). , . , , , , , ( , II, 7).

41

. . .

(, , , ) , . , (XVIII, 6,5) , , . , , , , , , , . , , 30 . , , , (. .,XX, 6, 13). , , , .

, , , , . (II, 12, 7) , , , , . , . , , , . , , ( ) . , , , ( , ). . : , . , , , , , . , : , , , , . ( ) . , . , ,. : , . . . , , . .

42

.

, , . .

, , , . , , , , . ( ). , , , , , , .

1. . ., . . // . . : , 1991. . 323.

2. . . : , 1994. . 2. 606 .3. . . . :

, 2001. 608 .4. Ferguson E. Backgrounds of Early Christianity. Grand Rapids : William B. Eerdmans Publishing

Company, 1993.5. Vermes, G. Kto by kim w czasach Jezusa. Warszawa : Amber, 2006. 612 .6. . ., . . // . . :

, 1994. . 2. . 39.7. . . . . : ,

1985. 146 .8. . . . . : , 1974. 216 .9. . . : . . : , 1987. 336 .

10. . . . . : , 2001. 430 .11. ., . ( ).

, , . . : , 2000. 544 .12. . . . .;

. : , 1958. 580 .13. . . : , 1991. 512 .14. . . . : , 1957. 436 .15. . ., . . . , , . . : , 2008.

256 .16. : Flavii Josephi opera. Berlin, 18921895 : http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/

hopper/text.17. 1915 ., :

http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/philo/legatiog.htm18. Bond H. K. Pontius Pilate in History and Interpretation. Cambridge : University Press, 2004. 245 .19. // . . : , 2004. . 322366.

17 2012 .

43

. . . -

. .

B

. 1917 . , , . . , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , .

The article deals with the activities of the Constitutional Democrats in Belarus during World War I. After theoverthrow of the tsarist government in the spring of 1917 the Constitutional Democrats turned from the antigovernment forces to one of the ruling parties. That allowed them not only to renew but also to expand thenumber of its committees in the unoccupied parts of the Belarusian provinces. The distinctive feature of thesocial staff of the Cadet organizations in Belarus at this stage was the presence of a large number of officers andmilitary personnel of the Supreme Commander and the Western Front. Under the fact that the local cadets hadto compete in the political struggle both with the AllRussian socialist and national parties, in a number ofcertain program items they had more leftwing views as compared with the liberals in the Central Russia. Theyconceded the disposal of all land to the peasants, the reforms in the western provinces governing, getting primaryand secondary education in the Belarusian language. In the election to the local bodies of selfgovernment andthe Constituent Assembly the Cadets as opposed to the Russian liberals took reasonable steps to attract thepeasantry, the rural intelligentsia, the members of cooperative organizations and the soldiers on their side. Butinconsistency and indecision in the conditions of growing political instability, the lack of public support did notallow them to use the chance to participate in the reformation of the country. As a result when the Bolshevikshad come into power their organizations were forced to suspend the activities in Belarus.

: , , , , .

Keywords: liberalism, the Constitutional Democrats, political Freemasonry, the revolution, the ConstituentAssembly.

() . , : , .

. . , .

44

.

. 19051906 . . . . . , , , [1]. , , , [2]. : , . , , , , . . IV , . 1915 ., [3, . 133].

1917 . , . , , . . . . : , , , , [4, . 72]. , . . . [5]. . 17 1917 . . . [6]. . , , . [4, . 104].

. 2 1917 . . . . . , , . 3 . , , , () (). . . . . 4 [7, . 2527].

6 1917. . , . . . . . . : , !

45

. . . -

. . . 8 [7, . 2829].

. : , , ,, , ; , , , , ; , , , , , , , , [8, . 233236].

: , , , , . . . , , . . 7 . , . . , . .

, . : 150, 200, 600 ( 300 ) [8, . 237].

, , , , . ., 1917 . . . . , . , . 1917 . . .

, . 21 . , . . , . , (), . , [9]. , . , , , [10]. , . . , . , [9].

46

.

6 , . 4 (. . , . . , . . , . . ) 18 . . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . . : . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . . . [11]. . . , , . . , [12; 13].

12 1917 . 3. : . . , . . , . . , . . . : . . ( ), . . ( ), . . ( . ), . . (), . . (). 7 I . . . . . [14, . 4748].

. (. . .) , , . . [15]. 12 1917 . , . . 25 , 5 . . . [16]. . . .

. , . , : , , , , . , , (, . .) , [16]. , .

, 2 , . 10 15 . . . [16]. , . . 4 (. . , . . , . . , . . ) 18 : .. , . . ( ), . . (

47

. . . -

), . . , . . ( ), . . ( ), . . (), . . (), . . ( ); . . ( ,), . . ( ), . . (), . . (); . . ; . . (); . . ( ); . . ( ); . . . [17]. , 143 , 13 1917 . . . . [18, . 5].

, 8 . . , , , . , , [19, . 17]. , ,, : 1) , ; 2) ; 3) [19, . 17].

. , , . . . . . , . . , . . . . . [18, . 3]. [20].

. , . . . , , , . , ,, , . , , , , . , . , [21]. , . , .

, , , 1917 ., , .

48

.

. 15 . [22, . 16]. : , , , , , [23]. , . . , ., .

. 22 1917 . , . , () . . . , . , , . , , , , , . , . , [24]. . . . , , ( 5 ). , [24]. , .

. . . , , 1917 . , , : , [25]. , [24]. [26]. .

. , . . . . , . . . . . [27]. , , 7 8 1917 . [28]. .

. , . : , , ,

49

. . . -

[29].

, . 26 , . . ( ), . . . . [26]. . 5 , . . . . , . , . 10 , [30].

. . 12 1917 . . . . . [31]. ( 3 ) . . , . , , , . , , [31]. .

: . . , . . , , . . [30]. . . , 7 . , . . . [32]. 10 , [33].

20 1917 . . . . .

. 2628 1917 . . 1214 . , . 8 5 , 3 . , , . , (). , , 1,5 % .

50

.

. 28 1917 . , . . 27 . , , . [29, . 20].

8 1917 . . , , . 11 . . . . . . . , , , . [29, . 2122].

, , . , , . , , , [29, . 21]. , , , [29, . 22]. . . [29, . 22].

5 1918 ., . 7 . . . . . 14 . , . , , , [34, . 125].

.

1. // . 1906. 17 . . 23.2. // . 1906. 23 . . 2.

51

. . . -

3. : 3 . . 3. . 1. 19151917 . . : , 2000. 832 .

4. . . / .. . . . : ,1990. 200 .

5. .... // . 1917. 18 . . 23.6. . . // . 1917. 17 . . 3.7. //

. 1917. 15 . . 2530.8. . . 17

(19051918 .). : . . . , 2009. 336 .9. . 1917. 21 . . 2.

10. . // . 1917. 22 . . 12.11. . 1917. 24 . . 2.12. . . // . 1917. 24 . . 2.13. . . // . 1917. 24 . . 2.14. . .

// . . . 2006. 7.. 4750.

15. . // . 1917. 20 . . 2.16. .. // . 1917. 6 . . 3.17. //

. 1917. 20 . . 2.18. . .

// i i . . . 2005. 1. . 314.19. . // . 1917.

23 . . 1618.20. . 1917. 18 . . 2.21. . . // . 1917. 7 . . 1.22. . . // . 1917. 19

. . 1416.23. // . 1917. 27 .

. 1.24. . [ . .]. 22 // . 1917.

24 . . 2.25. . // . 1917. 29 . . 1.26. . 1917. 1 . . 12.27. ( ) // . 1917. 26 . . 3.28. . // . 1917. 30 . . 16.29. . // . 1917. 28 .

. 2022.30. . // . 1917.

14 . . 21.31. . . // . 1917. 16 . . 23.32. . . . // . 1917. 14

. . 22.33. . // . 1917. 14 . . 24.34. . // . 1918. 21 .

. 124126.

23 2012 .

52

.

. .

(19281938 .)

. , 1920 1930 . . . , , , . 1933 . . 19351936 . .

The article is devoted to the evolution of the Bessarabian problem in the SovietRomanian dialogue in thelast decade before the Second World War. The author proceeds from the point that the recommencement ofSovietRomanian negotiations in the late 1920s early 1930s was determined by the desire of the two countriesto strengthen their international position during the crisis of the Versailles system. Romanian Foreign MinisterTitulescu managed to give a new impact to SovietRomanian negotiations, in which, excepting the recognitionof Soviet claims to Bessarabia, he tried to obtain the Soviet guarantees of territorial integrity of Romania withloyalty to the Soviet policy. This tactic resulted in a gentlemans agreement Litvinov Titulescu (1933) toavoid the omission of claims to Bessarabia in bilateral relations. But unsuccessful attempts by Titulescu to gainany soviet recognition of the Romanian border in 19351936. returned to the SovietRomanian relations tounresolved state.

: , , .

Keywords: Bessarabian problem, SovietRomanian relations, Gentlemans Agreement Litvinov Titulescue.

, 1918 ., 1920 . . 1924 ., 1920 . , . 1920 . , . , . , .

, . Email: vitalij.repin@gmail.com

53

. . .

, . . . , . . , . . , , [16; 17; 33]. , . . . , . . . . [9;13; 14]. . , . . . , [34 37].

B (19281933 .). , (, ), , status quo . . , , .

, [20, c. 462463; 30, c. 262, 293, 320, 330, 367]. . : , , , [16,c. 14]. , . . , (), ( ). , , . 1012 1924 . , . , , , . . . : , [16, . 1112; 32, c. 273].

1926 ., . , , 1920 . . , , , . [1, c. 74; 12, c. 132133].

54

.

19281938 . . . , , , , , [21,c. 153154; 22, . 126; 23, . 141142].

1928 . 9 1929 . 27 1928 . , , [16, c. 1112]. . . . . , [14, c. 145]. , . [35, p. 226227]. , . 28 1929 . . () [37, . 283].

, . . 1932 . . : , , [30, c. 293, 367]. 1929 . , , , [14, c. 144145; 21, c. 222224].

. . , 1920 . . . [12, c. 146]. . . , , . . . , , , [14, c. 146].

1930 . . , , , . . , . . 1930 . . . . . . . . : , , , ,

55

. . .

. . , 19321933 . [14, c. 196197]. 1931 . . . . , 15 1931 . [14, c. 198; 24, . 166].

1931 . . . . , , . 1932 ., . . . 1932 . . . . 720 . , , , . , , [2, c. 725].

( ) 1932 . 25 () . . , , : [ 19261932 . . .], , , [14, . 327330; 17, . 95; 25, . 3, 9]. .

, , 1932 . . . , . . , , [14, c. 342].

1932 ., . . . . 2 , 4 1932 . [25, . 76, 119]. II . , , , . , [14, c. 350]. . . 11 . , , , [2, . 570571, 576577; 38, p. 100103].

. , . . , ,

56

.

, . , , 25 1932 ., , 11 1932 ., , [1, . 75; 14, c. 354].

B 1933 . 13 1933 . . [1,c. 75]. . . . . , . , . , . , . , , , , . [8, c. 6162, 175; 30, c. 413].

, 3 1933 . , , , , , , , : , , , . , , , . , , , , , . , , . , [36, . 29; 38, . 104108]. , , . : , . 4 1933 . , , , [17, c. 135].

1933 . . , . , . [17, c. 133]. : , , . 1934 . , .

57

. . .

. . . , , . . . , , [3, c. 147].

, . . , , 1934 . , , . 8 . . . . . , [1, c. 76; 30, c. 441; 38, . 109111]. , , [37, . 131].

9 1934 . . , , , [14, c. 442; 30, . 445]. [6, c. 15, 720721; 30, c. 413]. . . , . , , [29, c. 239]. , 1938 . II , , . . . . . [31, c. 73, 188189].

. , . . . 1934 ., , . : , , 24 . [31, c. 200]. , , .

B . . , 2 1935 . 16 1935 . , . . , , , . : , ,

58

.

[5, c. 33]. . , [11, c. 336]. , 1935 . . , , [11, c. 336]. , , , .

1935 . . . , , , [13, c. 342; 31,c. 21]. , . , [37, . 135].

, , , , ... . . . , , , [5, c. 572573, 609].

. . 19 1935 . , . , , , . , , , [c] , [31, c. 3738, 45; 38, . 112113]. , , , . , .

15 1936 . . , , : , [26, . 33]. 2 , , , [13, c. 344; 21, c. 335].

1936 . . , . . , , , , , . , , .

59

. . .

, [13, c. 348]. , . , II [38, p. 113122]. 3 1936 . , [27, . 7].

2021 1936 . , . . . , . . , , , . . 29 1936 . . , [13, c. 350].

. 1937 . . , . , . 3 1937 . , [21, c. 351]. , . , . , . [7, c. 257]. [31, c. 168].

, . . , , . . 1936 . . 19 [18, c. 106].

. 1937 . . . , [34, . 33]. 1937 . , , , [7, c. 333, 37, . 137]. 11 1937 . , , , 20 1923 . . 5 1938 . [28, . 91, 161]. 1938 . . , [30,c. 200201]. 1939 . . ,

60

.

, , , , [15, c. 465; 31, c. 217, 233].

, , . . . 22 1938 . , . [33,c. 272277; 37, . 139]. 1938 . , , . , , 1939 . .

1. . . 19201930 . //. . 2006. 3. . 7278.

2. . . XV: 1 31 1932 . / . . . .. : , 1969. 868 .

3. . . XVI: 1 31 1933 . / . . . . . : , 1970. 920 .

4. . . XVII: 1 31 1934 . / . . . . . : , 1971. 879 .

5. . . XVIII: 1 31 1935 . / . . . . . : , 1973. 788 .

6. . . XIX: 1 31 1936 . / . . . .. : , 1974. 823 .

7. . . XX: 1 31 1937 . / . . . . . : , 1976. 788 .

8. / . .: . . ( ) . ( ). . : , 19631986. . 6: 19331938 . / . :. [ .]. 1969. 430 c.

9. . . // ( 1939 1940): . . . : , 1990. C. 187193.

10. . . 19391941 . // / . : . . , . . . . : , 1996. . 321333.

11. . . : // . 19391941 . / . . . . , . . . . : , 1999. . 333362.

12. . . 19251935 . // 30 XX : . . / .. . , . . . . : , 2001. . 129138.

13. . . . . (19341938 .) // XX : . . 70 .. . . . / . . . . . : , 2005. . 336360.

61

. . .

14. . ., . . () ( 19201930 .): . . . 1. 19281934. . : , 2000. 704 .

15. . / . . . . . . : , 1999. 506 .16. . ., . .

( 1924 .) // : , , : . . / . . . . :, 1989. . 628.

17. . ., . . . 19291934 . ( ). . : , 1971. 187 .

18. . . . . 2. . : , 1983. 551 .19. . . , II ; ,

. . : . , 1968. 327 .20. :

1920 : 2 . / . . . . . : : , 20002003. . 2: 1924 1926 . 2003. 688 c.

21. ()() . , 19231939: . . /. : . . . . : , 2001. 398 .

22. . . 17. . 162. . 5 () 101/79 . 139/116 . 12 12 1927 .

23. . . 17. . 162. . 6 () 1/1 . 50/49 . 22 1927 . 12 1928 .

24. . . 17. . 162. . 9 () 1 . 33 . 15 1930 . 25 1931 .

25. . . 17. . 162. . 13 () 106 . 121 . 25 1 1932 .

26. . . 17. . 162. . 19 () 3540 . 27 1935 . 27 1936 .

27. . . 17. . 162. . 20 () 41 . 46 . 28 1936 . 17 1937 .

28. . . 17. . 162. . 22 () 53 . 59 . 11 1937 . 27 1938 .

29. . . 19281941: . . / c.: . . . . :, 1999. 519 .

30. . 19171941: . .: 2 . / .: . . ,.. . . : . , 2000. T. 1: 19171934. 456 c.

31. . . II: 19351941. 542 .32. . . : . 19191938 //

. 19191943: / , ; . . . (. .). ., 2002. . 254292.

33. . . . 19321939. . : , 1977. 382 .

34. Constantin Ion. Romnia, Marile Puteri i problema Basarabiei. Buc. : Editura Enciclopedic, 1995.310 p.

35. Gafencu Crigore. nsemnri politice, 19291939. Buc. : Humanitas, 1991. 382 p.36. Lungu D. Romania and the Great Powers, 19331940. Durham : Duke University Press, 1989. 294 p.37. Mitrasca Marcel. Moldova: A Romanian province under Russian rule : diplomatic history from the

archives of the Great Powers. NY : Algora Publishing, 2002. 439 p.38. Titulescu Nicolae: Documente Confideniale / Ed., Ingr. studiu introd. i note de Ion Grecescu. Buc. :

Editura Academiei Romne, 1992. 175 p.

9 2012 .

62

.

. .

.*

1897 . . , , , . 11 , , , . , , . . .

The structure of the employment of Belarusian population is analyzed in the article on the basis of publishedmaterials of population census held in 1897. The research is based on the data, which recorded the mainoccupation of the population, bringing basic income. The systematization of the quantitative information on 11types of activities is held; the main features of employment structures of Belarusian, Russianspeaking, Polishand Jewish population of Belarusian provinces are analyzed. The article described separately the particularitiesof the distribution groups of the selfemployed people and their families. The distinctive regional characteristicsof the employment structure of the Belarusian population are highlighted. The data presented allow characterizingthe direction and specific features of the labor market formation in Belarusian provinces at the turn of the XIXXX centuries.

: , , 1897, , .

Keywords: Belarus, Belarusian province, population census in 1897, structure of employment, labor market.

, . , , , . , , , .

4 , 1860 . , 8 1872 . [1, . 322]. 1897 . ,

, , .Email: kohanovsky@bsu.by

* 20112015 . , , .

63

. . . I .

, , , . , , , . . [1, . 323]. , , , , [1,. 324].

1897 . . , . [9]. . [8],. , . [1].

1897 . 65 . (, ,), , . , , . , . , , . , , .

65 11 : ;; ; ; ;; ; , , ; ; ; , , 1. , , , , . , , , . , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , . , , , .

1 , ( 21, 22) 1 2, 4, 5 8, 3,9 12, 14 15, 46 62, 41 45, , , 13, 17 21, 22 40, , , 16, 6365.

64

.

, , . , , . , , , , , .

35 . 35 , , , . , , , . 35 37 330 (0,6 %), , 74 625 (1,2 %) ,33 890 (0,5 %) , 59 821 (0,9 %) ,103 965 (1,6 %) , 320 159 (4,9 %) , 110 910 (1,7 %) , 230 631(3,6 %) , , ,4 954 511 (76,3 %) , 528 244 (8,1 %) , 39 464 (0,6 %) , [3, . 107109; 4, . 165170; 5, . 195199; 6, . 152; 7, . 172].

. (6,7 %) (81,0 %) [3, . 107109]. (72,1 %) , (9,2 %) [5, . 195199]. , (0,82 %), (1,02 %), (5,43 %), (2,6 %) [4, . 165170]. (2,2 %) [6, . 152].

. , , , . 52 726 (0,6 % ), . 17 344 (32,9 %), , , 35 382 [3, . 106; 4, . 164; 5, . 194;6, . 152; 7, . 172].

128 249 (1,5 %), (118 857 (92,7 %). 43 459 (0,5 %) 12 681 (29,2 %) 30 778 . 79 609 (0,9 %) , . 29 152 (36,6 %) , . 150 373 (1,8 %) 82 135 (54,6 %) . 432 466 (5,1 %) , 113 145 (26,2 %) , . , , 158 556 (1,9 %) . 47 046 (29,7 %) , . 332 934 (3,9 %) ,

65

. . . I .

, . 187 113 (56,2 %) , . , , . 6 315 167 (74,1 %) , 1 154 353 (18,3 %) . 770 033 (9,0 %) , 260 111 (33,8 %) . 54 675 (0,7 %), ( , , ), 32 950(0,3 %) , , . 2 054 887 (24,1 %) , . . 0,8 %, 5,8 %, 0,6 %, 1,4 %, 4,0 %, 5,5 %, 2,3 %, , 9,1 %, 56,2 %, 12,7 %, , , 1,6 % [3, . 106; 4,. 164; 5, . 194; 6, . 152; 7, . 172].

, 35 , , , , 2,2 % ( ) 0,9 %().

83,1 % ( , ), 10,9 % , (, , , ), 4,2 % (, , , , , ,, ). , 84,4 %, 10,1 %,5,5 % [2, . 501]. 68,9 %, 16,9 %, 14,2 %. 70,5; 17,2; 12,3 %.

., . , , 11,66 %. 19,62 % [8, . 104].

B. , , , . 1897 . . 5 408 420 (63,5 % ), 18 919 (0,4 %) , 17 628 (0,3 %) , 10 516 (0,2 %) , , 9868 (0,2 %) , 43 606 (0,8 %) , 16 738 (0,3 %) , 34 235 (0,6 %) ,145 632 (2,7 %) , , 4 951 697 (91,6 %) , 137 237 (2,5 %) ,22 344 (0,4 %) , , [3, . 110

66

.

113; 4, . 172178; 5, . 202205; 6, . 158161; 7, . 178182]. , , , . , , .

, , . (49 2921 (5,8 % )) (43,6 %), (15,4 %), (10,2 %). , 6,8 % , , , 4,3 % , 5,0 % , 2,6 % , 2,1 % , , 1,1 % , , [3, . 110113; 4, . 172178; 5, . 202205; 6, . 158161; 7,. 178182].

424 236 (5,0 % ). (161 662 ) (130 054 ) . (52,3 %) , 13,9 % , , 13,5 % [3, . 110113; 4, . 172178; 5,. 202205; 6, . 158161; 7, . 178182]. . , , , (40,7 %), (64,9 %). (8,6 %), (16,4 %). , , , , (18,5 %), (10,0 %). , . 6,8 % , 5,0 % , , 2,5 % , 1,6 % , 1,5 % , 1,3 % , 0,5 % , 1,1 % .

1 202 129 (14,1 % ), (343 466 ) (278 542 ), (202 374 ), (174 240 ) (203 507 ) . , (40,1 %) (32,3 %) [3, . 110 113; 4, . 172178; 5, . 202205; 6, . 158161; 7, . 178182]. . : 5,5 % , , 5,3 % , 4,1 % , 3,8 % , 1,6 % , 0,6 % , 0,2 % . , 1,5 % , , , . .

67

. . . I .

. . 1897 ., , [1, . 334335]. , , . , , [1, . 334335]. , , , , . , , ,. , (20,9 %). 22,8 %, 27,8 %, 28,1 %, 30,2 %, 31,7 %, 37,9 %, 38,0 % [1, . 334].

, , ,, , , . , .

1. . ., . . . . : , 2004. 574 .

2. . . : 55 . / . . : , 19581965. . 3: . 1958. 792 .

3. , 1897 . / . . . . . IV: . . 3. . : . . . . . , 1903. ,179 .

4. , 1897 . / . . . . . V: . . 3. . : . . . . . , 1903. IV,281 .

5. , 1897 . / . . . . . I: . . : . . . . . , 1903. V, 319 .

6. , 1897 . / . . . . . : . . : . . . . . , 1904. V, 243 .

7. , 1897 . / . . . . . : . . : . . . . . , 1903. V,275 .

8. . . ( ). . : , 1983.270 .

9. . . . // . .. . 1991. 6. . 6572.

27 2012 .

68

.

. .

B B

B ( 1939 1945 .)

(1823 1939 .) (2326 1939 .) . , , . . . . . , . . 12 1943 . 1945 . . 5 1945 . , . 1944 . . 1945 . , .

German Slovak agreement ( 1823 March 1939 ) and the SlovakHungarian War ( 2326 March 1939)led to the occupation of Germany zone in western Slovakia and Hungary once the annexation of easternSlovakia. Germany's influence in the region has increased, she was able to manipulate and Bratislava, andBudapest. Berlin made territorial dispute between Slovakia and Hungary by an object of political bargainingand blackmailing. This was one of their reasons for connection of these countries to the Tripartite Pact. Withthe onset of World War II the problem back in favor of Slovakia lost territories of Hungary moved into the planeof the relationship of the Czechoslovak Government in exile in Western countries. E. Benes formulated theprinciples of continuity of the legal existence of the Czechoslovak state, as well as the non recognition ofjudgments the Munich Agreement and the First Vienna arbitrator Ms. From this follows the restoration of prewar Czechoslovakia. The climax of the ideas of its recovery within the old borders was the SovietCzechoslovakagreement December 12, 1943 The most important result of the visit Benes in Moscow in March 1945 was theagreement of the Soviet leadership to transfer from Czechoslovakia, German and Hungarian population. April5, 1945 was adopted Kosice government program that laid the principles of ethnic cleansing. However, since thefall of 1944 began to be adopted the decision of the Slovak National Council repressive measures against theHungarians. In May 1945 , an outbreak of antivengerskih sentiment in Slovakia, which paved the process of adramatic expulsion of Hungarians and severe discrimination remained.

: , , .

Keywords: Slovak Hungarian conflict, the continuity of the Czechoslovak state Watzke, transfer ofHungarians from Slovakia.

, , . Email: anatsalkov@mail.ru

* 20112015 . ( , , , ).

69

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1919 . () , . , . 1938 . . ( 1938 .), , , . . . 913 1938 . , , , . , , . 2 1938 . 10,3 . . 850 . ., 59 % . , , . , . . , 7 1939 . . . 18 1939 . . , , . 1939 . , , . ( 30 1938 . ), [ . 1].

B 1939 1940 . 18 1939 . 25 , . ( 1), ( 2), ( 3), ( 4). : 1939 . , [2, dok. . 96 a pozn. 719, s. 305306].

, . 17 , , . , , . , , . , ,

70

.

[2, dok. . 80, s. 280281]. 17 . , 10 [2, dok. . 81, s. 281282]. ( ) 18 , , ( ) . , , : , [2, dok. . 82, s. 282283]. , [2, dok. . 83, s. 283]. [2, dok. . 84, s. 285].18 , , [2, dok. . 86, s. 287].

, , . , 23 , , . : , , () , . [2, dok. . 104, s. 318].

. 1938 . ( 1938 . , 1938 . ), , ( 1938 . . ), . . , 30 1938 . , , , , [2, dok. . 32, s. 188; dok. . 34, s. 194195; dok. . 37, s. 199].

1939 . . . , . , ( 27 ), , , [3, . 403404]. , , , ( . . .) [4, s. 8081].

71

. . . - -

2326 1939 . ( 23 4 ) . , , . . , , , [2, dok. . 98, s. 310]. , 24 : , , , [5, . 92, . 160].

. . 23 . , , [2, dok. . 100, s. 312]. 24 , 1938 ., . ( 1939 .) , . , 17 [2, dok. . 103, s. 316317].

1,7 . . 70 . . ( 38 . 27 . ). 20 . [2, dok. . 115, s. 337; 4, s. 81] . . , .

24 () . [2, dok. . 107, s. 322]. , 25 , : , () [2, dok. . 111, s. 330]. , .

. , . 27 4 1939 . . . , [2, dok. . 114, s. 334335; dok. . 115, s. 336337; dok. . 118, s. 342]. 11 31 , 30 . , . 4 [2, dok. . 115, s. 337; dok. . 121122, s. 345346].

72

.

, . . 1820 1939 . , . , , [6, IV. kapitola, dok. . 196, s. 330]. : , : , , , . , ( ) : , , , , , . , , . , [7, . 8991]. . . , , [8, s. 100101].

, . . 28 1939 . , , [4, s. 119]. . 2 1939 . , . : , . , . [9, . 266, . 362, 365]. 1939 . , [6, IV. kapitola, dok. . 202 a poznanka 225, s. 332333]. , , . , 23 : [10, . 371, . 494].

, 17 1939 . ( , , , ) ( . ) , [11, . 490491]. , [2, dok. . 108, s. 326].

73

. . . - -

, , . 1939 ., , . , , [12, . 234235].

( 16 1939 .) , , , (, ), . : , [6, IV. kapitola, dok. . 232, s. 343344]. . , . 8 1939 ., . , , . . , , [6,IV. kapitola, dok. . 245, s. 347; dok. . 247, s. 347].

( 1945 . , ) 12 1939 . . , , . : , [11, . 138].

. 12 1939 . , [2, dok. . 198, s. 562566]. . . 24 , [2, dok. . 209, s. 590].

1 1939 . (50 . .) , . , 1920, 1924 1938 ., 600 . 45 . . [13, . 206207] 21 1939 . , ( 26 1939 .) . [2, dok. . 251, s. 684685; 6, IV. kapitola, dok. . 318, s. 368].

, , . , , . , , 1941 . .

1939 . ( , , 1938 .). (14 1939 .

74

.

1518 ), , . . 30 1939 . . , ( 27 1939 .) . . , , [14, . 1314, 171].

, . , ( 1938 ., 1939 .) , ,, , [6, IV. kapitola, dok. . 270, s. 354]. 1939 . , ( ) 600 . [15, . 712,. 210]. . , 1940 . . , [6, V. kapitola, dok. . 37, s. 387].

, . 1939 . 1940 . . . , . . 1940 . , , . , 1938 . 1939 ., . , [13, . 202, 205207, 213, 218]. , () 8 1940 . , . [4, s. 82].

. 1940 . . . . , . . . , , [2, dok. . 327, s. 890]. , , . 28 , . 3,6 . . 352 . . ( 208 . 86 . ).

75

. . . - -

[2, dok. . 339, s. 920922; dok. . 340, s. 923924].

1940 . , , .. , , , [2, pozn. . 2883, s. 1051].

1940 . ( ) 285 . ., (), . , 90 . , , . 600 . , [16, . 4647].

56 1940 . ( 30 , ) . , (), I. 1940 . , . . 24 1940 . ( ) . ( ) , .

B ( 1940 1945 .). 26 1940 . , . [2, dok. . 360, s. 978]. .

19401941 . . ( ) 1941 . . [17, . 124].

, . , , 1939 . , 1940 . , , . , , . . . 10 1940 . : ( ) [18, . 158].

, , . 3 1941 .

76

.

. : . . , , , , , [5, . 126, . 228].3 1941 . . , .

1941 . ., 1013 , , , 1918 . . , ( ), ( . ) ( ). 17 , (. , 1918 . , . . .) ( . . .) [5, . 135137, . 242243].

, , . , , 15 . . [2, pozn. . 2883, s. 1051]. . , , , , . , ( , , ) [2, dok. . 384 apozn. . 2885, s. 10501051]. 16 , [2, dok. . 385, s.10521053]. , 26 , , [2, dok. . 388, s. 10601061].

. 20 1941 . . , ( . . .), , , . , , , ( , , . . .) [5, . 142, . 257].

23 1941 . , 50 . , . 1941 . 19 . . [19, s. 193].

27 1941 ., . ,

77

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. , . , [6, dodatky, dok. . 3, s. 409]. 27 . ( 1941 .) ( 1941 .) , . , , [5, . 144, . 261]. 2 , , , [5, . 150, . 271]. .

1941 . . , . ( ). , () , [17, . 124125]. , . , 1941 . , [8, s. 8688, 135136].

. 2627 1941 . . . , . , . . 1942 . , [6, V. kapitola, dok. . 51 a poznanka 55, s. 394; dodatky, dok. . 9, s. 411].

, , . , . . ( 1941 1942 .) , . , . ( 1942 1943 .) . , . . ( 1943 1944 .) , .

78

.

. , [17, . 127].

, , 1943 . , . 2 250 . ( ) . ( ) [20, . 200201]. , 1 ( , 8 . ., ), , . , [19, s. 199201].

. 1943 . . ( 1942 1944 ., 1943 .), , 19 1943 . . . , 24 , . Naa zastava. , , . [12, . 237238]. . 22 . . , . , , , [4, s. 82].

1943 . , . IX ., , . , , , . , , . , 23 1943 .. ( ). , , . . , [12, . 239240].

. . 1944 . . . , ,

79

. . . - -

. [12, . 241].

, , 19 1944 . . . , , , . . 25 . , [6, dodatky, dok. . 19, s. 418]. , . . ( ) .

. . , 1944 ., . [21, , . 1, . 481]. . 1944 . .

. , , 15 1944 . . . , , 1945 . .

B , B ( 1939 . 1941 .). , (). 18 1939 . , , , , , [22, . 442, . 607608]. , . 23 . . . . : , , [23, . 168, . 220].

22 1939 . . . , , , . ( ) , . . : . , , , , , [24, . 398400]. . 29 [25, dok. . 37 a pozn. 3, s. 113114].

80

.

. . . , , , 1939 . . 16 1939 . . , . , . . . [25, dok. . 1, s. 5152]. 13 , . , . . . . [25, dok. . 30, s. 95]. () 1 . 12 1939 . , , , . , : , , , [25, dok. . 18, s. 7679]. 1 , [26, dok. . 12. s. 59].

, , . . , . . 23 1939 . ( !) . : , . [24, . 439]. 1939 . , 21 . . . ( , , ) , , . : , [18, . 65].

1939 . . , . 16 1939 . , , , 18 1939 . 1 ( . .

1 . , . 22 1941 .

81

. . . - -

2 1940 .). 11 1939 . ( 1941 .), 14 . 22 1941 . , , , [27, . 7276, 298302]. . . 20 1940 .: . ( ) , , [18, . 107]. : [18, . 260261].

. .7 1939 . . . . . , . . . : ... , , , [28, . 495, . 779780]. 8 . : , : [29, . 9, . 89]. 8 1940 . , : . . [29, . 65, . 278]. .

20 1940 . . , , , [ , 30 1940 . . .] ( , , ). : [ . . .] , , . , [29, . 115, . 411412]. 28 1940 . , [29, . 135, . 466].

1940 1941 . , , . . 19 1940 ., 1941 . [26, dok. . 55, s. 145146; dok. . 67,s. 166; dok. . 70, s. 169172; dok. . 73, s. 178180; dok. . 82, s. 190191].

82

.

, . [ . 27, . 262291].

( , 1940 . . , ) . 9 1940 . , [30, dok. . 1516, s. 6873]. , , : [30, dok. . 18, s. 75].

, . 2 15 1940 . [31, dok. . 2, s. 9394]. 1940 . . , 1938 . 1939 . [30, dok. . 64, s. 151]. .

1940 . : , 1938 ., , ... , [30, dok. . 102, s. 237]. 1941 . . , : , , ( . . .) , [32, doc. 43, p. 89].

. 3 1941 ., 11 . III 15 1939 . :g) 2 1938 ., , . , , 450 000 , , , , , . . h) , , , , 15 1939 . , . IV . , , . ,

83

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. VI , , , , . [33, dok. . 47, s. 8492]. , , .

19391941 . , . , , . . 7 1939 . . . . 14 , 2 . 25 1939 . [23, . 9, . 20; . 39, . 58; . 6768,. 9596]. 1939 . . . , , , [15, . 780, . 294; . 803, . 328; . 254, . 624]. 1940 . , , 13,4 . 26 % , : 1200 ., 850, 650, 500 . . 30 , [16, . 45, 911].

. , 1938 1939 . . , 1940 . , , . . . , , , , . 1940 . , [27, . 304306].

. 24 1940 . . . , , . , . : , , , [6, V. kapitola, dok. . 41, s. 389390].

. . , 1940 ., . 9 : , , , , [34,. 491, . 31]. , .

84

.

19 , , , [26, dok. . 66, s. 165].

. , . . . 14 1941 . : , , , . . . . 28 [35, . 677, . 394; . 699, . 435].

. . . . , , , ( . . .) , , . . , . , [35, . 804,. 635]. 1941 ., , .

( 1941 1943 .). , . , .

, , . 3 1941 . . . , [36, . 11, . 63]. [ ] 18 1941 . [37, . 118, . 165]. 28 1941 . [26, dok. . 104, s. 234]. 1942 .: ( . . . 16 ), (. . . 26 ), ( . . . 27 1942 .) [26, dok. . 130, s. 277; dok. . 134,s. 285; dok. . 171, s. 348; dok. . 182, s. 372]. . . . 9 1942 . . , , , . , 19381939 . (, 8 , [26, dok. . 168, s. 342344; dok. . 171, s. 350351]).

, . , . , . 22

85

. . . - -

1939 . . . : , . : , , [26, dok. . 26, s. 87]. 1941 . : , , [38, . 1 . 55, . 187]. 26 1942 . , . 27 1942 . . , , [32,doc. 91, p. 178179; doc. 96, p. 187]. , , (. , . ) [26, dok. . 53, s. 141; dok. . 75,s. 182; dok. . 77, s. 184; dok. . 88, s. 203; dok. . 89, s. 206].

, , . 1940 ., 11 1941 . 23 1942 . [39, . 15 . 24, . 142, 648]. 1941 . . . . 8 , . ( 1941 ., 1942 . ) . . . 24 , . 2 1941 . [26,dok. . 87, s. 200; dok. . 88, s. 203; dok. . 102, s. 230231; dok. . 108, s. 242]. . , , 21 1941 . , : , [37, . 174, . 248249]. 1941 . , ( . . . 12 ; . . 9 1941 .)[26, dok. . 112, s. 246247; dok. . 119, s. 254]. . 5 1941 . [37, . 311, . 480]. , . , 16 1942 . , [26, dok. . 195, s. 399400].

, ( ) . . , , , . , 13 1941 . ( , , ) . , , [40, . 11, 44].

. . . 4 1941 . : . , , . ,

86

.

, : [41, dok. . 284, s. 147].

24 1941 . [41, dok. . 293, s. 164]. , 10 1941 ., , , , [41, dok. . 340, s. 226]. . 13 1941 . : [41, dok. . 347, s. 239].

. 6 1941., 42 , , . , , 2 1938 ., [41, dok. . 381, s. 292].

. , 1620 1941 . . . , , , [39, . 11, . 125; . 13, .137].

. .. . 21 1942 . , , , , . , , . , 6 , , , , 1938 . [42, . 10, . 2526; . 15, . 33]. , 2 1942 . ( 1945 . ) [38, . 54, . 175].

. . . . , 9 1942 ., , . 19381939 . [26, dok. . 171, s. 348351]. , .

1943 ., , [43, . 181, . 299]. ( ) 9 1943 . , , , ( ) [39, . 55, . 244].

87

. . . - -

. 1943 . : 1) ( , , ); 2) ( , ); 3) ( ); 4) ( . . . , . , ) [6, dodatky, dok. . 15 a pozn. 99, s. 416417].

, . 1942 . . , 1943 . . ( , ) , . . , . . . . . 1943 ., [44, . 17, 7981, 101102].

, . 14 . : , , . , ( ) . . [45, dok. . 54, s. 111; dok. . 57, s. 119].

11 1943 . . . . , . . . , . , , , [46, . 13, . 7, . 15]. , . 19421943 . , 1930 . . 12 , 20 . , [47, . 394396].

. . 14 . : . : , . , . . . : 70 % ; , , . : , , , , [46, . 22

88

.

24]. ( . , . . [48, . 3841]).

14 1943 . . . 67 % , , () . , : . , [33, dok. . 130, s. 264265].

16 . . . , ( ) . , , , . , , : , . , , . . . . , . : , , , . , ( ) . . [46, . 910].

18 1943 . . , (. 3); , (. 4) [45, dok. . 66, s. 171172].

( ) . . . 18 1943 . , : . 14 18 , , , , [46, . 1517].

, . . 12 1943 . , . . , ( ), . .

89

. . . - -

, . , .

. . . . , [45, dok. . 74, s. 196197; dok. . 76, s. 229230; dok. . 80, s. 240241]. .

B ( 1944 1945 .). . . 11 1944 . , ( . . .), ... . , , . , . . , ! ( . . .). , , , [39, . 79, . 342, 353].

. 1944 . , . . . , , . , , [49, . 4952].

. , , . . , . 24 1944 ., . , . , , . III : [50, . 58].

. . 31 . . , , , , . [50, . 23].

90

.

. . . . , : , [38, . 14, . 72]. 11 1944 . 10 [38, . 17, . 101].

. , . . 23 1944 . , , ( , ) . [51, . 285].

( 1944 1945 .) . , , [45,dok. . 151, s. 334; dok. . 152, s. 338; dok. . 158, s. 347; dok. . 164, s. 358; dok. . 189, s. 395396;dok. . 191, s. 397; dok. . 199, s. 411412; dok. . 206, s. 426; dok. . 210, s. 432; dok. . 215, s. 443444; dok. . 221222, s. 457461; dok. . 225, s. 465466].

21 1944 . . IV . . . . [50, . 7374]. . . : 17 , 7 1938 . [45, dok. . 187,s. 388]. , . , 30 . . : 1) ; 2) , ; 3) 7 1938 ., [50, . 131].

. 1 1945 . . . , :1) . 19 ; 2) , , , ; 3) , , , [52, . 8].

. . . 9 1945 . . . , :

91

. . . - -

, [38, . 38, . 134]. . . 15 , , [38,. 2 . 42, . 153]. , , III . . [52, . 5].

. . . . 11 1945 . . , 7 1938 . , 2 1938 . . , 5 22 1938 . . , , . , : , , , . , , [52, . 1314].

6 1944 . . . . , [53, 2. dok. 2731. ld.]. 18 1945 . . . . 24 , , . 20 . 1938 1940 ., , () . . . , , [54, . 2223].

. . . 24 1945 . , , . , [45, dok. . 244, s. 493].

. 10 1945 . . . . , , , (. V ), (. VI). , . VII [55, . 3, 1113]. , . , , 1938 ., ,

92

.

. . , , [55, . 1415].

. 1730 1945 . . . . 21 . , , , , . , . , [56, . 218219]. 2 , 800 . ., 400 . , 200 . . [38, . 54, . 176]. 24 , , : , , , . : , , . (), , . 1015 . , , 2 [38, . 55, . 186].

.