Elements of Poetry

Exploring the patterns created by the formal elements of literature

helps us to understand more deeply a text’s meaning and the

nuances that enrich that meaning.

This kind of formal close reading of the text is fundamental to any

analysis of literature.

Why?

Alliteration Two or more words which have the same initial sound. Example: Pretty princess

AnalogyA comparison that assumes that two objects or events that are alike in one respect will be alike in another. Example: “MTV is to music as KFC is to chicken”

Assonance A partial rhyme which has the same internal vowel sounds amongst different words.

Example: The tundra left the man hungry for buns

Metaphor A comparison which does not use the words like or as. Example: Life is a journey.

Onomatopoeia Words that sound like their meaning. Example: buzz, moo, pow.

Repetitions The repetition of the same word throughout the poem to emphasize significance.

Rhyme The repetition of sounds within different words, either end sound, middle or beginning. Example: loose goose.

Rhyme The repetition of sounds within different words, either end sound, middle or beginning. Example: loose goose.

Rhythm The flow of words within each meter and stanza. Example: Iambic pentameter.

Simile A comparison using the words like or as. Example: Life is like a box of chocolates.

Style The way the poem is written. Free-style, ballad, haiku, etc. Includes length of meters, number of stanzas along with rhyme techniques and rhythm.

Symbol Something that represents something else through association, resemblance or convention

Theme The message, point of view and idea of the poem.

Introducing...

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iction

hyme and Rhythm

magery

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one/Voice

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iction

An author’s choice of words. In good writing words are not chosen

lightly but are carefully selected for their impact, including subtle

connotations.

Toboggan Hill by Gordon Downie

I’m thinking back to when we were youngand eating donutswith a set of plastic vampire teeththat we were passing back and forth.We weren’t so young as tothink a dog was a horse.Nor were we old enough yet to namethe cold purpose of musical chairs.We were like-minded spiritsekeing out a rhythmwhispering transmissionsthrough wet woollen mittens.Growing up on a toboggan hillnothing was material.

I’m thinking back to when we were youngif only to find outforensicallywhat it waswe used towant.

Toboggan Hill by Gordon Downie

I’m thinking back to when we were youngand eating donutswith a set of plastic vampire teeththat we were passing back and forth.We weren’t so young as tothink a dog was a horse.Nor were we old enough yet to namethe cold purpose of musical chairs.We were like-minded spiritsekeing out a rhythmwhispering transmissionsthrough wet woollen mittens.Growing up on a toboggan hillnothing was material.

I’m thinking back to when we were youngif only to find outforensicallywhat it waswe used towant.

Each pair/group will use the poems you brought to class today.

Analyze and discuss the voices and diction and write a thesis to show

the main differences between your selections to share and discuss.

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hyme and Rhythm

Rhyme is the author’s use of words with similar or identical sounds.

Rhythm is the author’s control of the flow of sound. This can be

achieved through the use of punctuation, line lengths and breaks, syllables, diction, etc.

Rhyme is used very often in poetry but it’s never quite as obvious as...

This example is called True Rhyme. The matching sounds are identical which

makes this the easiest rhyme to spot.

Slant Rhyme (or half rhyme) is where the sounds are similar but

not identical.

Example:I sat in the dark

nursing my broken heart.

Eye Rhyme (or sight rhyme) is where the last syllables look alike

but sound different.

Example:have and grave

Internal Rhyme links two or more rhyming words within the same

line. Ie. “The bird heard the word of Mr.

Graham”

Double Rhyme is a two-syllable rhyme as in “running” and

“sunning”

A Rhyme Scheme is a recurring pattern of rhymed endings

repeated regularly in each stanza.

Examples: ABAB, AABB, ABBA, etc.

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magery

Descriptive or figurative language used to create word pictures for the reader

that can be perceived by any of the five senses.

The Red Wheelbarrow by William Carlos Williams

so much dependsupon

a red wheelbarrow

glazed with rainwater

beside the whitechickens.

This Is a Photograph of Me by Margaret Atwood

It was taken some time ago.At first it seems to bea smearedprint: blurred lines and grey flecksblended with the paper;

then, as you scanit, you see in the left-hand cornera thing that is like a branch: part of a tree(balsam or spruce) emergingand, to the right, halfway upwhat ought to be a gentleslope, a small frame house.

In the background there is a lake,and beyond that, some low hills.

(The photograph was takenthe day after I drowned.

I am in the lake, in the centreof the picture, just under the surface.

It is difficult to say whereprecisely, or to sayhow large or small I am:the effect of wateron light is a distortion

but if you look long enough,eventuallyyou will be able to see me.)

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Poetry can take many different forms. Each for comes with its own unique rules and limitations that can affect numerous elements.

Examples: Sonnet, Free Verse, Blank Verse, Haiku, etc.

DRIFTone/Voice

A writer’s attitude and approach towards his/her subject and/or

audience. This attitude can best be discovered through the choice of diction which collectively reveals

the tone.

I don’t want tobecause boysdon’t write poetry.

Girls do.

- Sharon Creech from Love That Dog