elements
TRANSCRIPT
PRESENTED BY:PRESENTED BY:
FAHAD BIN MUHAMMAD.FAHAD BIN MUHAMMAD.
INSTRUCTOR:INSTRUCTOR:
Ms. AFSHEEN KHALIL.Ms. AFSHEEN KHALIL.
PRESENTATION DATE:PRESENTATION DATE:
30 SEPTEMBER, 2006.30 SEPTEMBER, 2006.
•Elements are grouped as being either Metals or Non-metals.
•All metals have a definite melting and boiling point.
ELEMENTSELEMENTS•Elements are pure substances made up of only one type of atom.•There are about ninety elements that make up all the materials on earth.•Every element has its own symbol which is a type of code or shorthand for the actual element itself.
ElementsElements
ELEMENTS - SYMBOLS
Aluminium
Bromine
Calcium
Fluorine Nitrogen
Iron
Magnesium
Hydrogen
Gold Oxygen
Al
Br
Ca
F
Au
H
Fe
Mg
N
O
An An elementelement is made up is made up of only one type of of only one type of atom. An atom is a tiny atom. An atom is a tiny particle which can only particle which can only be seen using a special be seen using a special microscope.microscope.
The smallest amount of The smallest amount of an element you can an element you can have is one atom. have is one atom. Different atoms make Different atoms make up the different up the different elements, giving them elements, giving them different properties.different properties.
ELEMENTSELEMENTS
The Reactivity of Elements
Elements can combine together in a chemical reaction to form mew substances.
Not all elements react easily whilst others are very reactive.
Elements can be arranged according to how readily they react. This is called the
REACTIVITY SERIES.
E.g. Potassium is the most reactive metal whilst Gold is the least reactive metal
THE PERIODIC TABLE
Scientists have organised all of the Elements into a chart called the Periodic Table.
The elements are arranged in order depending upon their Physical Properties( such as Density) and their Chemical Properties ( such as Reactivity).
THE PERIODIC TABLE
PERIODS:
The elements with in a period have dissimilar properties from left to right across any period, the physical & chemical properties of elements change from metallic to non metallic along a period.
There are seven periods in periodic table.
THE PERIODIC TABLE
GROUPS:
The vertical columns are called groups
Basically there are eights groups (I to VIII) but each group is further divided into “A” & “B” sub groups.
H H 11
Li Li 33
Na Na 1111
K K 1919
Rb Rb 37 37
Cs Cs 5555
Fr Fr 8787
Be Be 4 4
Mg Mg 1212
Ca Ca 2020
Sr Sr 38 38
Ba Ba 5656
Ra Ra 8888
Sc Sc 2121
Y Y 3939
La La 5757
Ac Ac 89 89
Ti Ti 2222
Zr Zr 4040
Hf Hf 7272
V V 2323
Nb Nb 4141
Ta Ta 7373
Cr 24
Mo 42
W 74
Mn 25
Tc 43
Re 75
Fe 26
Ru 44
Os 76
Co 27
Rh 45
Ir 77
Ni 28
Pd 46
Pt 78
I
II III IV V VI VII
O
1
2
Cu 29
Ag47
Au 79
3
4
5
6
7
Per
iod
Group
Element
Atomic number
Zn 30
Cd 48
Hg 80
B B 55
Al Al 1313
Ga Ga 3131
In In 49 49
Tl Tl 8181
C C 66
Si Si 1414
Ge Ge 3232
Sn Sn 50 50
Pb Pb 8282
N N 77
P P 1515
As As 3333
Sb Sb 5151
Bi Bi 8383
O O 88
S S 1616
Se Se 3434
Te Te 52 52
Po Po 8484
F 9
Cl 17
Br 35
I 53
At 85
He He 2 2
Ne Ne 1010
Ar Ar 1818
Kr Kr 36 36
Xe Xe 5454
Rn Rn 8686
Most reactive metals
Very uncreative
gasesMost reactive
non-metals
THE PERIODIC TABLE
METALS AND NON-METALS
Metals
Non-Metals
Usually hard and shiny. They are usually difficult to melt and are good thermal and electrical conductors.
Usually gases or solids that melt easily. Most are good insulators as they are poor thermal and electrical conductors. The solids are often powdery or brittle.
ELEMENTELEMENT SS ELEMENTELEMENT SS ELEMENTELEMENT SS ELEMENTELEMENT SS ELEMENTELEMENT SS
hydrogenhydrogen HH titaniumtitanium TiTi technetiumtechnetium TcTc gadoliniumgadolinium GdGd radonradon RnRn
heliumhelium HeHe vanadiumvanadium VV ruthenium ruthenium RuRu terbiumterbium TbTb franciumfrancium FrFr
lithiumlithium LiLi chromiumchromium CrCr rhodiumrhodium RhRh dysprosiumdysprosium DyDy radiumradium RaRa
berylliumberyllium BeBe manganesemanganese MnMn palladiumpalladium PdPd holmium holmium HoHo actiniumactinium AcAc
boronboron BB ironiron FeFe silversilver AgAg erbiumerbium ErEr thoriumthorium ThTh
carboncarbon CC cobaltcobalt CoCo cadmiumcadmium CdCd thuliumthulium TmTm protactiniumprotactinium PaPa
nitrogennitrogen NN nickelnickel NiNi indiumindium InIn ytterbium ytterbium YbYb uraniumuranium UU
oxygenoxygen OO coppercopper CuCu tintin SnSn lutetiumlutetium LuLu neptunium neptunium NpNp
fluorinefluorine FF zinczinc ZnZn antimony antimony SbSb hafniumhafnium HfHf plutoniumplutonium PuPu
neonneon NeNe galliumgallium GaGa tellurium tellurium TT tantalumtantalum TaTa americiumamericium AmAm
sodiumsodium NaNa germanium germanium GeGe iodineiodine II tungstentungsten WW ceriumcerium CmCm
magnesiummagnesium MMgg
arsenicarsenic AsAs xenonxenon XeXe rheniumrhenium ReRe berkelium berkelium BkBk
aluminiumaluminium AlAl seleniumselenium SeSe caesiumcaesium CsCs osmiumosmium OsOs californiumcalifornium CfCf
siliconsilicon SiSi brominebromine BrBr bariumbarium BaBa iridiumiridium IrIr einsteiniumeinsteinium EsEs
phosphorusphosphorus PP kryptonkrypton KrKr lanthanumlanthanum LaLa platinumplatinum PtPt fermiumfermium FmFm
sulphursulphur SS rubidiumrubidium RbRb ceriumcerium CeCe goldgold AuAu mendeleviumendeleviumm
MdMd
chlorinechlorine ClCl strontiumstrontium SrSr praseodymiupraseodymium m
PrPr mercurymercury HgHg nobeliumnobelium NoNo
argonargon ArAr yttriumyttrium YY neodymium neodymium NdNd thalliumthallium TlTl lawrenciumlawrencium LrLr
potassiumpotassium KK zirconzircon ZrZr promethiumpromethium PmPm leadlead PbPb KutchatoviuKutchatoviumm
KuKu
calciumcalcium CaCa niobiumniobium NbNb samariumsamarium SmSm bismuthbismuth BiBi
scandiumscandium ScSc molybdenummolybdenum MoMo europiumeuropium EuEu poloniumpolonium PoPo
Elements and their symbols