elementary turkish unit 4

8/6/2019 Elementary Turkish Unit 4

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1 Unit 4

Kurtulu ztopu

ELEMENTARY

TURKISH

Kurtulu ztopu, 2006

UNIT 4

Topics Functions Grammar

Nationalities Cities and countries Colors

Introductions Asking people where they

are from Expressing possession Asking for and giving

personal information

The derivative suffix +lI Consonant alternations:-p, -, -t, -k in final position The genitive case The interrogative pronoun:

kimin Possessive suffixes The particle dA Or questions with the verb

to be

The infinitive


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Trkiye

1. CONVERSATION: Nerelisiniz?

Ali is introducing his colleague Maria to his friend John.

Ali: Gnaydn John, naslsn? Good morning, John. How are you?John: Sa ol, iyiyim. Sen naslsn? I'm fine, thanks. How areyou?

Ali: Sa ol, ben de iyiyim. Tantraym.

Arkada

m Maria.

John.

Fine, thanks. Let me introduce (you to)

my friend Maria. Maria, (this is) John.John: Merhaba Maria, nerelisiniz? Hello, Maria. Where are you from?

Maria: spanyol'um. Siznerelisiniz? I'm from Spain. Where areyou from?John: Ben Amerikal'ym. Hangi ehirdensiniz? I'm from the U.S. Which city are you

from?

Maria: Malagalym. Sizhangi ehirdensinizJohn?

(I'm from) Malaga. Which city areyou

from, John?

John: Ben Bostonluyum. Ali sen nerelisin? (I'm from) Boston. Ali, where are youfrom?

Ali: Ben zmirliyim. (I'm from) zmir.Maria: Tantmza ok memnun oldum John.

yi gnler.

(It was) nice to meet you, John.

Goodbye.John: Ben de. Tekrar grmek zere. Same here. See you again.

2. COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES

For some older and established nationalities, Turkish uses specific words. Many other

nationalities, however, are expressed with words containing the country name+lI suffix;

Supplementary vocabulary in this section lists some of these.

lkeler Milliyetler

Almanya Germany Alman GermanBulgaristan Bulgaria Bulgar BulgarianErmenistan Armenia Ermeni ArmenianFransa France Fransz FrenchGrcistan Georgia Grc Georgianngiltere England ngiliz Englishskoya Scotland sko Scot, Scottishspanya Spain spanyol Spanish

lkeler Milliyetler

talya Italy talyan ItalianJaponya Japan Japon JapaneseKazakistan Kazakhstan Kazak KazakhMacaristan Hungary Macar Hungarianzbekistan Uzbekistan zbek UzbekRomanya Romania Romen RomanianRusya Russia Rus RussianTrkiye Turkey Trk Turkish


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Unit 4 3

Supplementary vocabulary

lkeler Milliyetler

Amerika(ABD)1USA Amerikal AmericanArjantin Argentine Arjantinli Argentinian

Avustralya Australia Avustralyal AustralianAvusturya Austria Avusturyal AustrianBelika Belgium Belikal BelgianBrezilya Brazil Brezilyal Brazilianin China inli ChineseDanimarka Denmark Danimarkal DanishFinlandiya Finland Finlandiyal FinnishHindistan India Hintli IndianHollanda Holland Hollandal DutchIrak Iraq Irakl/Arap Iraqi/Arabran Iran ranl Persian, Iranian

rlanda Ireland rlandal Irishsrail Israel srailli/Yahudi Israeli/Jewishsve Sweden sveli Swedesvire Switzerland svireli SwissKanada Canada Kanadal CanadianMeksika Mexico Meksikal MexicanMsr Egypt Msrl/Arap Egyptian/ArabNorve Norway Norveli NorwegianPolonya Poland Polonyal PolishPortekiz Portugal Portekizli PortugueseSuriye Syria Suriyeli/Arap Syrian/Arab

Yunanistan Greece Yunanl Greek

Ktalar (Continents):Afrika (Africa) Antarktika (Antarctica) Asya (Asia) Avrupa (Europe) Gney

Amerika (South America) KuzeyAmerika (North America) Okyanusya (Oceania)

Substitution drill: Fill in the missing words.

Country Nationality City Native of

Amerika Amerikal stanbul stanbullu

............ Brezilyal Ankara ............Kanada ............ ............ Bostonlu

............ rlandal Paris ............

............ ranl Konya ............

Portekiz ............ ............ zmirli

............ Polonyal Diyarbakr ............

1 ABD stands for Amerika Birleflik Devletleri (United States of America).


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Unit 4 5

3. WORD FOCUS: The derivative suffix +lIThe derivative suffix +lI(+l, +li, +lu, +l) is used to denote the native of a city or a country,

when appended to a place name.

Amerika America Amerikal American

Avusturya Austria Avusturyal Austrianran Iran ranl Iranian

stanbul Istanbul stanbullu native of Istanbul

zmir Izmir zmirli native of Izmir

Boston Boston Bostonlu native of Boston

Q: Ben Trk'm. Siz nerelisiniz? I'm Turkish. Where are you from?A: Ben Amerikal'ym. I'm from the U.S.

Q: Ben Ankaralym. Siz nerelisiniz? I'm from Ankara. Where are you from?

A: Ben Bostonluyum. I'm from Boston.

Adm Jos.Meksikal'ym.

Adm Abdullah.Arap'm ve Medineliyim.

Adm Rosario.spanyol'um ve Madridliyim.

Q: Jose nereli? A: Jose (/O) Meksikal.Q: Abdullah Fransz m? A: Hayr, (Abdullah) Arap.Q: Rosario Madridli mi? A: Evet, (Rosario) Madridli.

EXERCISE: Answer the questions below.

Example: Q: Paris nerede? A: Paris Fransa'da.1. Kanada nerede?2. New York nerede?3. Ankara nerede?4. Trkiye nerede?

5. in nerede?6. Londra nerede?

7. Berlin Fransa'da m?

8. New York Kanada'da m?


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6 Unit 4

Substitution drills

1. Q: Nerelisiniz? A: (Ben) Trk'm.

(Amerikal)

(Avustralyal)

2. Q: Ali stanbullu mu?(Asl)

(Hakan)

A: Hayr, Sivasl.(Adana)

(Konya)

Q: Madonna nereli?

A: Madonna / O ...

Q: Prens Charles Alman m?

A: Hayr, ...

Class activity: Guided dialogues

1. A: Nerelisiniz?

A: Ben ________.

B: Ben Trk'm. Siz nerelisiniz?

2. A: Bu kz kim?

A: Ad ne?

A: Linda nereli?

A: Steve ve John nereli?

B: Yeni renci.B: Linda.

B: (Linda) ________.

B: Onlar Amerikal.

3. A: Amerikal msnz? B: Hayr, ________.

4. A: Ankaral msnz? B: Evet, ________ym. / Hayr, ________ deilim.

To ask What city are you from?, one can say Nerelisin(iz)?or Hangi ehirdensin(iz)?

to which the response is (Ben) [city name]lIyIm.

Q: Hangi ehirdensin(iz)? What city are you from? A: (Ben) Konyalym.

Note also that the question Nerelisin(iz)? is a general question meaning Whereareyou from?

The response can indicate a country, a city, or even a neighborhood. The question Hangi

ehirdensin(iz)?, however, asks particularly about a city.

To inquire specifically about someone's nationality or citizenship, one can ask

Milliyetin(iz) ne? (What is your nationality?) to which the response is (Ben)

[nationality](y)Im.

Q: Milliyetin(iz) ne? What is your nationality? A: (Ben) Amerikal'ym.

A: (Ben) Alman'm.


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Unit 4 7

Dialogue: Hangi ehirdensiniz?

zge: Nerelisin(iz)? Where are you from?Mark: (Ben) Amerikal'ym. I'm from America.zge: Hangi ehirdensin(iz)? What city are you from?

Mark (Ben) Los Angeleslym.2I'm from Los Angeles.zge: George nereli? Where is George from?Mark: (O) Avustralyal. He is Australian.zge: Hangi ehirden? What city is he from?Mark: Sidneyli. He's from Sydney.

EXERCISE: Circle the question that corresponds to the given answer.

Example: Q: a) Siz Avustralyal msnz? A: Hayr, Amerikal'ym.b) Siz Mary misiniz?

1. Q: a) ngiliz misiniz? A: Evet.b) Nerelisiniz?

2. Q: a) Bostonlu musunuz? A: Hayr, New Yorkluyum.b) Hangi ehirdensiniz?

3. Q: a) Kanadal msnz? A: Hayr, Amerikal'ym.b) Amerikal msnz?

4. Q: a) Adnz ne? A: Michael.b) Nerelisiniz?

Class activity: Interview three classmates and fill out the chart.

Adnz ne? Soyadnz ne? Nerelisiniz? Hangi ehirdensiniz?

..................... ..................... ..................... .....................

..................... ..................... ..................... .....................

..................... ..................... ..................... .....................

4. LISTENING: Nerelisiniz?

Listen to the dialogue. Then select the correct answers to the questions you hear.

1. a) ........ Evet, renci. b) ........ Hayr, retmen.

2. a) ........ Fransz. b) ........ Trk.

3. a) ........ Evet, Londral. b) ........ Hayr, Manchesterli.

4. a) ........ Adanal. b) ........ Ankaral.

2 Vowel harmony rules after foreign words are not always applied uniformly. The choice of an appropriate suffixis generally based on the pronunciation of the foreign word.


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8 Unit 4

5. CONVERSATION: Bu anahtarlar senin mi?

The party at Orhan's is over. As they are parting, his friends are looking for their belongings.

Ali: Anahtarlarm nerde? Grdnz m? Where are my keys? Have you seen them?

Orhan: Bu anahtarlar senin mi? Are these (keys) yours?

Ali: Hayr, onlar Hasan'n.

Tamam, benim anahtarlarm burada.

No, they are Hasan's.

OK, here are my keys.

Orhan: Bu gzlk kimin? Whose glasses are these?

Asl: O benim gzlm galiba. Bakaym.

Yok, bu benim deil.

I think they are my glasses. Let me see

(them.) No, they aren't mine.

Orhan: Senin gzln ne renk Asl? Asli, what color are your glasses?

Asl: Kahverengi. Brown.

Orhan: Bak, seninki bu herhalde. Look, these are probably yours.Asl: Tamam, o benim gzlm. Sa ol. Yes, they are mine. Thanks.


ceketjacket

cep telefonu cell phone

czdan wallet

earp scarf

eldiven gloves

kibrit matches

paket package

ruj lipstick

saat watch

apka hat

emsiye umbrellatarak comb

Substitution drills

1. Q: Anahtarm nerde? A: Burada.

(apka)

(telefon)

(czdan)

2. Q: Bu anahtar senin mi? A: Evet, benim.

(para)

(emsiye) Hayr, benim deil.

(gzlk)

3. Q: Bu gzlk kimin? A: Benim.

(kitap)

(paket) Hasan'n.

(ceket)

4. Q: Bu senin gzln m? A: Evet, benim gzlm.

(eldiven)

(ruj) Hayr, benim rujum deil.

(tarak)


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Unit 4 9

6. CONSONANT ALTERNATIONS: -p, -, -t, -kin final position

Words ending in -p, -, -t, or -k undergo sound changes when suffixes beginning with vowels

are added to them. In these cases, -p, -, -t, and -k become -b, -c, -d, and - respectively. Thischange occurs in both writing and pronunciation:

p/b kitap (book)+n = kitabn; cevap (answer)+n = cevabn; orap (socks)+n = orabn/c aa (tree)+n = aacn; ihtiya (need)+n = ihtiyacn; gen (young)+in = gencin

t/d kanat (wing)+n = kanadn; armut (pear)+un = armudun; umut (hope)+un = umudun

k/ sokak (street)+n = sokan; durak (stop)+n = duran; iyilik (goodness)+in = iyiliin

However, when the suffix begins with a consonant, these changes do nottake place:

kitap + ta = kitapta; cevap + ta = cevapta; aa + ta = aata; ihtiya + ta = ihtiyata,

kanat + ta = kanatta; armut + ta = armutta; sokak + ta = sokakta; iyilik + te = iyilikte.

Although quite common, this alternation rule is by no means absolute. There are many

words that do not undergo this change: market (market)+in = marketin; hayat (life)+ n =

hayatn

This voicing of the final consonant may also occur in some monosyllabic words: kap(pot)+n = kabn; ok+u = ou; u (point, end)+u = ucu

This change also occurs in proper nouns, this change is not reflected in writing:Ahmet+in = Ahmet'in [ahmedin]; Gaziantep+in = Gaziantep'in [ga:ziantebin]

7. GRAMMAR POINT: The genitive case

The genitive case creates a possessive relationship between the nominal element to which it is

attached (such as nouns, pronouns, verbal nouns, or participles) and another nominal element.The first nominal usually, but not always, immediately precedes the second nominal. The

genitive case suffix is usually translated into English with ofor 's.

The genitive case endings are +(n)In:

For words ending in a consonant: +n, +in,+un,+n

For words ending in a vowel: +nn, +nin, +nun, +nn

arkadalarn (of the friends) kapnn (of the door) Hasan'n (Hasan's)marketlerin (of the markets) caddenin(of the avenue) Ahmet'in (Ahmet's)

okulun (of the school) komunun (of the neighbor) benim (my, mine)

asansrn (of the elevator) stn (of the milk) iyiliin (of goodness)

Okulun kaps bu tarafta. The door of the school is this way.Ali'nin evi stanbul'da. Ali's house is in Istanbul.


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10 Unit 4

Note that the pronouns ben and biz have irregular genitive case endings (+im instead of

+in).

Genitive case forms of the personal and demonstrative pronouns

benim my, mine bunun of thissenin your, yours unun of that

onun his / her / hers / its onun of that

bizim our, ours bunlarn of these

sizin your, yours unlarn of those

onlarn their, theirs onlarn of those

Notes

When pronouns in the genitive case are used as possessive adjectives, they mean my,your,

her, and so on.

Benim kitab

m masada. My book is on the table.Senin antan nerede? Where is your bag?Bizim yeni arabamz ok gzel. Our new car is very beautiful.

A noun or pronoun in the genitive case can serve as a predicate in a nonverbal sentence whereit means mine,yours, hers, and so on.

Bu kitap benim. This book is mine.

Bu kalem senin. This pen is yours.

Bu yeni araba bizim. This new car is ours.

Two exceptions: The genitive forms of the words suand neare suyun (of water) and

neyin (of what), and not *sunun and *nenin.

EXERCISES

A. Add the appropriate genitive case ending to the following nouns / pronouns.

Example: siz sizin1. sen 6. onlar

2. ocuk 7. Trkiye3. park 8. sokak

4. ben 9. ev

5. Ankara 10. oda

B. Translate into English.

1. adamn 7. benim

2. snfn 8. duran

3. binann 9. misafirin4. Amerika'nn 10. ktphanenin

5. aacn 11. garajn

6. ayn 12. Ali'nin


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Unit 4 11

Dialogue: Bu araba senin mi?

Elif: Leyla, bu araba senin mi? Leyla, is this car yours?

Leyla: Hayr, benim deil, Hasan'n. No, it's not mine. It's Hasan's.

Elif: Bu krmz bisiklet kimin? Whose red bike is this?Leyla: Bilmiyorum. Galiba komumuzun. I don't know. I think, it's our neighbor's.

8. WORD FOCUS: The interrogative pronoun: kimin

The interrogative pronoun kimin (whose) is formed by adding the genitive case ending +in tothe pronoun kim (who).

Q: Bu kitap kimin? Whose book is this?A: Benim. (It is) mine. OrBu kitap benim. This book is mine.

Q: O kalemler kimin? Whose pens are those?A: (O kalemler) arkadamn. Those pens are my friend's.

Substitution drill

Q: Bu anta kimin?

(bilet)

(gazete)(saat)

A: Leyla'nn.

(retmen)

(Aye)(kardeim)

EXERCISE: Answer the following questions, using the model provided.

Examples: Bu ev kimin? Bu ev benim.Bu ev Aynur'un mu? Evet, Aynur'un. orHayr, Aynur'un deil.

1. Bu kalem kimin?

2. Bu souk ay kimin?3. Bu gazete kimin?

4. Kitaplar kimin?5. Bu ceket kimin?6. Yeni elbiseler bizim mi?

7. Krmz bisiklet Hasan'n m?

8. Bu defterle kitap kardeinin mi?

9. Bu ilgin kitap senin mi?10. Bu anta Ali'nin mi?


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12 Unit 4

9. GRAMMAR POINT: Possessive suffixes

Possession in Turkish is expressed through a compound structure containing two elements:

the first is the possessor and the second is the possessed. The possessor is a noun or a pronoun

in the genitive case, such as benim, senin, or zge'nin, and the possessed is a noun markedby a possessive suffix, such as kitabm, adn, or kalemi, for example, benim kitabm (mybook), senin

adn (your name), or zge'nin kalemi (Ozge's pen).

Possessive suffixes

Singular

1st person: +(I)m = +()m, +(i)m, +(u)m, +()m2nd person: +(I)n = +()n, +(i)n, +(u)n, +()n3rd person: +(s)I = +(s), +(s)i, +(s)u, +(s)

Plural

1st person: +(I)mIz = +()mz, +(i)miz, +(u)muz, +()mz2nd person: +(I)nIz = +()nz, +(i)niz, +(u)nuz, +()nz3rd person: +(s)I / (lArI) = +(s), +(s)i, +(s)u, +(s) / (+lar, +leri)

Study the following forms:

ad (name) oda (room)

benim adm my name benim odam my roomsenin adn your name senin odan your roomonun ad his / her / its name onun odas his / her / its roombizim admz our name bizim odamz our roomsizin adnz

your name sizin odanz your roomonlarnad/adlar their name(s) onlarn odas/odalar their room(s)

doktor (doctor) komu (neighbor)benim doktorum my doctor benim komum my neighborsenin doktorun your doctor senin komun your neighboronun doktoru his / her / its doctor onun komusu his / her / its neighborbizim doktorumuz our doctor bizim komumuz our neighborsizin doktorunuz your doctor sizin komunuz your neighboronlarndoktoru /

doktorlartheir doctor(s) onlarn komusu /

komulartheir neighbor(s)

Note: The possessive suffixes at the end of the possessed (or second) element of thecompound already indicate who the possessor is. So the possessor (or first) element is usually

omitted, unless it is needed for emphasis, for example, one can say kitabm instead ofbenimkitabm, or evi instead ofonun evi.3

3 This section deals only with compound structures with personal pronouns as possessors; for genitive-

possessive compounds with nouns as possessors, see Unit 11, Section 9.


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Unit 4 13

benim kitabm or kitabm my book

senin adn or adn your name

onun evi or evi his / her / its house

bizim kitabmz or kitabmz our booksizin adnz or adnz your name

onlarn ev(ler)i or evi / evleri their house(s)

Other characteristics of the possessive suffixes are:

The possessed noun may also be plural: (benim) evim (my house); (benim) evlerim (my

houses); onun kitab (his / her book); onun kitaplar (his / her books).

Other case endings may follow the possessive suffixes: okulumda (at my

school); odasnda(in his / her room); evimizin (of our house); kentinizin (of your city).

The buffer consonant after third-person possessive suffixes and pronouns is n and not y:

evinde (in his / her house); antalarnda (in their briefcases). For more information on

this buffer letter, see Unit 11, Section 11.

In the third-person plural, if the possessed object is singular, the possessive suffix is the

same as for the third-person singular +(s)I: onlarn evi (their house). If the possessed

object is plural, then +lArI is used: onlarn evleri (their houses).

When the subject pronoun is not indicated, the third-person form may be ambiguous in

meaning, that is, arabalar may mean (his cars), or (their car).

In written Turkish, when words ending in a consonant take the first-person singular

possessive suffix, they become identical to the present tense verb to be forms. Thus,

doktorum may mean (my doctor) as well as (I am a doctor). This ambiguity does not exist

in spoken Turkish because of different accent patterns, that is, doktorum (my doctor), anddoktorum (I am a doctor). The subject pronoun or the possessor is used in written Turkish

to avoid this ambiguity, for example, benim doktorum (my doctor), and Ben doktorum.

(I am a doctor).

Typically the possessive suffix of the possessed noun is not omitted. However, if the

possessor is in the first or second-person, you can omit its suffix, for example, benim odafor odam or benim odam (my room), sizin bahe for baheniz or sizin baheniz (your

garden). This usage is less common for the third-person.

Two exceptions: The possesive forms of the words su and ne are: suyum, suyun, suyu,

suyumuz, suyunuz, suyu/sular

; and neyim, neyin, neyi,4

neyimiz, neyiniz, neyi/neleri. The order of suffixes is: derivation+number+possessive+case, for example, gzelliine (to

her beauty), yardmclarmn (of my helpers), retmenlerinizde (on / with your

teachers).

4Nesi is also used.


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14 Unit 4

EXERCISE

Write the possessive suffixes for the following nouns, according to the cues provided.

Example: masa (my) masam

1. kitap (his)2. karde (her)

3. kalem (your/pl.)4. defter (your/sing.)

5. okul (our)

6. baba (my)

7. ev (their)8. ad (its)

9. ceket (her)

10. abla (his)

Substitution drills

1. Q: Evin nerede?

(okul)(anta)

A:Evim zmir'de.

2. Q: Arkadan nereli?

(retmen)(komu)

A:Arkadam Adanal.

3. Q: Kardein renci mi?(abla)

(aabey)

A: Hayr, sekreter.

4. Q: Bu senin kitabn m?

(siz)

(o)

A: Evet, benim kitabm.

10. WRITING

Write eight questions modeled on the examples.

Examples:Bu anta kimin? Bu kalem senin mi?

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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Unit 4 15

Dialogue: Bu senin kalemin mi?

Ebru: Ali, bu senin kalemin mi? Ali, is this your pen?

Ali: Evet, benim kalemim. ok sa ol. Yes, it is my pen. Thank you very much.

Ebru: Bu szlk kimin szl? Whose dictionary is this?Ali: O Can'n szl. Benim szlm antamda. It is Can's dictionary.

My dictionary is in my bag.

Class activity

1. Practice the dialogue in pairs.

2. Practice the dialogue again substituting other items for those in the original.

EXERCISES

A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate possessive suffixes.

Example: Onun karde__ nerede? Onun kardeinerede?1. Senin ev__ byk m?

2. Bizim ev__ zmir'de.3. Senin araba__ garajda m?

4. Benim para__ az.

5. Onlarn yeni ev__ ok gzel.6. Ali'nin szl__ masada deil.7. Senin yeni bisiklet__ krmz m?

8. Benim kitab__ sende mi?

9. Sizin kz__ kim?

B. Provide affirmative and negative answers to the questions.

Example: Eviniz byk m? A: Evet, evim byk. / Hayr, evim byk deil.1. Kardeiniz renci mi?2. ayn souk mu?3. Kitaplarnz masada m?4. Einiz Amerikal m?5. Komun ite mi?

Substitution drill

Q: Bu kitap senin mi? A: Hayr, Aye'nin.

(kalem) (kardeim)(gazete) (Leyla)(bisiklet) (aabeyim)


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16 Unit 4

11. COLORS

bej beige

beyaz whitegri gray

kahverengi brown

krmz red

lacivert navy bluemavi blue

pembe pink

sar yellow

siyah blackturuncu orange

yeil green


ak light renk color renksiz colorless; black&white

koyu dark renkli colored; in color

Dialogue: Yeni araban ne renk?

Cem: Sinan, yeni araban ne renk? Sinan, what color is your new car?

Sinan: Krmz. (It's) red.

Cem: Ooo, krmz ok gzel bir renk. Ah, red is a very nice color.

Sinan: Senin araban ne renk Cem? Cem, what color is your car?

Cem: Benim arabam mavi. My car is blue.

... ne renk? What color (is / are)...?

Q: Duvar ne renk?5What color is the wall?

A: (Duvar) beyaz. (The wall is) white.

Q: iek ne renk? What color is the flower?A: (iek) sar. (The flower is) yellow.

Class activity

Complete the following dialogues. Then practice them in pairs.

1. Q: Yeni gmleiniz ne renk? A: Yeil.

2. Q: Bu kalem ne renk? A: Bu kalem ______.

3. Q: antan ne renk? A: antam ______.

4. Q: Bisikletin ne renk? A: ______.

5. Q: Deniz sar m? A: Hayr, ______.

6. Q: Yeil kalem sizin mi? A: ______.

7. Q: Mavi gmlek gzel mi? A: ______.

5 The word renk becomes reng when a suffix starting with a vowel is added, for example, rengi (its color). If

the suffix begins with a consonant, the final k is preserved, for example, renkli (colored).


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Unit 4 17

12. GRAMMAR POINT: The particle dA

You have seen the following sentences in previous sections:

Ben de ok memnun oldum. I am also very pleased to meet you.Ben de iyiyim. I am fine, too.O ocuk da renci. That child is also a student.O dastanbul'da. S/he is also in Istanbul.Ei de doktor. His / her spouse is also a doctor.

The particle dA means also, too. It immediately follows the word(s) to which it refers andconforms to two-way vowel harmony rules. It also means and, as for when used in contrastive

statements: Arkadam Orhan. Bu da zlem. (This) is my friend Orhan. And this is Ozlem.Bu bey doktor, bu bey de hasta. This gentleman is a doctor, andthis gentleman is a patient.

Do not confuse the particle dA with the locative case ending +DA as there is a distinctdifference in meaning. The particle dA is written separately unlike the locative case ending

that is appended to words.Ben Ankara'da oturuyorum. Kardeim de Ankara'da oturuyor.I live in Ankara. My sibling also lives in Ankara.

The locative case ending also follows consonant harmony rules and its initial d becomes tafter being appended to words ending in a voiceless consonant.

Ahmet Bey bugn ite. Mr. Ahmet is at work today.

The particle dA, however, does not follow consonant harmony rules.

Ahmet de sinemaya gidiyor. Ahmet is also going to the cinema.

In spoken Turkish, the distinction is indicated by different accent patterns.

Arabada yok. (It's) not in the car.Araba da yok. And there is no car.

Asl renci. Aya da renci.

EXERCISE: Write six sentences modeled on the example. Example: Ben Amerikal'ym. Ben de Amerikal'ym.

1. Ben ok iyiyim. 4. Zeynep okulda.

2. Kardeim doktor. 5. Ali hasta deil.

3. Bugn biraz yorgunum. 6. John retmen.


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Unit 4 18

Dialogue: Amerikal msnz, ngiliz mi?

ocuk: Siz turist misiniz? Are you a tourist?Turist: Evet, turistim. Yes, I am.

ocuk Amerikalmsnz, ngiliz mi? Are you American or British?Turist: Amerikal'ym. I am (an) American.

ocuk: Trkiye gzel mi? Is[n't] Turkey beautiful?Turist: Evet, ok gzel. Yes, very beautiful.

13. GRAMMAR POINT: Orquestions with the verb to be

In or questions, two choices are presented by the person asking the question with the

assumption that one of the choices will be selected by the person responding. In order to form

an or question with verb to be, the mI particle must be repeated after both choices:

Bu defter mi, kitap m? Is this a notebook or a book?Bu apka senin mi, kardeinin mi? Is this your hat or your sibling's?renci misin, retmen misin? Are you a student or a teacher?Bugn hava gzel mi, deil mi? Is the weather today nice or not?

Class activity

Complete the following dialogues. Then practice them in pairs.

1. Q: Arabanz eski mi, yeni mi? A: (Arabam) eski.

2. Q: ay scak m, souk mu? A: (ay) ______.

3. Q: Trkiye'de imdi gece mi, gndz m? A: Trkiye'de imdi ______.

4. Q: Bu szlk senin mi, arkadann m? A: ______.

5. Q: Bu senin kitabn m, Ali'nin kitab m? A: ______.

6. Q: Deniz mavi mi, sar m? A: ______.

7. Q: Kitap ilgin mi, deil mi? A: ______.

8. Q: Sen renci misin, deil misin? A: ______.

9. Q: Siz Amerikal msnz, Kanadal m? A: ______.


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Unit 4 19

14. DIALOGUE

Hasan: Merhaba, siz turist misiniz?

John: Evet, turistim.Hasan: Trkiye'ye ho geldiniz. Nerelisiniz?

John: Ben ngiliz'im. Bu hanm da benim eim. Ad Margaret.Hasan: Einiz ngiliz mi, Amerikal m?

John: O da ngiliz.Hasan: ngiltere'de hangi ehirdensiniz?

John: Ben Londralym, eim Brightonl. Siz nerelisiniz?Hasan: Ben Edirneliyim.

John: Edirne nerede?Hasan: Edirne stanbul'dan saat uzakta.

John: Eviniz burada m, Edirne'de mi?

Hasan: Benim evim Edirne'de. stanbul'da tatildeyim.

15. GRAMMAR POINT: The infinitive

The Turkish infinitive is formed by adding the suffix -mAK (-mak, -mek) to the verb stem or

root. The choice of front or back vowel version is determined by the final vowel of the verbal

stem. The Turkish infinitive is the equivalent of the English infinitive, to + verb:

yazmak(towrite); konumak(to speak); bilmek(to know) gitmek(to go)

The infinitive suffix represents an action, without denoting time or person.

Note: In this book, the infinitive form of a verb is indicated by a hyphen (-) after the verbal

stem, for example: al- = almak (to buy); oku- = okumak (to read); bil- = bilmek (to know) orgit- = gitmek (to go). Verbs are listed in the infinitive forms in Turkish dictionaries.

EXERCISE

Add the infinitive suffix to these verbs. Pay attention to vowel harmony rules.

Example: bil bilmek

1. al 11. anla

2. gel 12. yaz

3. oku 13. otur

4. affet 14. konu5. kal 15. bekle

6. de 16. tantr7. gl 17. gr

8. gr 18. tekrar et9. bul 19. ye

10. syle 20. tan


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Unit 4 20

16. EXERCISES

A. Answer the question "Nerelisiniz?" based on the cues provided.

Example: Q: Nerelisiniz? (German) A:Ben Alman'm.

1. (Swede)2. (Russian)3. (Iranian)

4. (American)

5. (Arab)6. (Turkish)

7. (French)

8. (Irish)

B. Add possessive suffixes to these nouns.

Example: defter defterim, defterin, defteri, defterimiz, defteriniz, defteri / defterleri

1. ad

2. iek

3. karde4. anne

5. kalem

6. sokak7. ev

8. okul

9. oda

C. Put the following nouns into the genitive case.

Example: okul okulun

1. iek

2. ev

3. ocuk

4. aa5. kitap

6. kardeim7. iyilik

8. defter9. kanat


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Unit 4 21

D. Identify yourself.

1. Adnz:

2. Soyadnz:

3. Ev adresiniz:4. Telefon numaranz:

5. Yanz:6. Nerelisiniz:

7. iniz:

E. Answer these questions.

Example: Brad Pitt nereli? Brad Pitt / O Amerikal.

1. Linda ngiliz mi?2. Siz doktor musunuz?

3. Aynur renci mi?

4. Orhan retmen mi?5. Bu gzlk kimin?6. Anahtarlarm nerede?7. Krmz kalem Ali'nin mi?

F. Match the people with their nationalities.

1.Mao Tse Tung ........ a. Rus

2. Thomas Edison ........ b. Hintli3. Vladimir Putin ........ c. Kanadal

4. Atatrk ........ d. spanyol5. Celine Dion ........ e. Amerikal

6. Mahatma Ghandi ........ f. ngiliz7. Leonardo da Vinci ...1... g. inli

8. Pablo Picasso ........ h. Filistinli

9. Prens Charles ........ i. Trk10. Yasser Arafat ........ j. talyan

G. Fill in the blanks with appropriate suffixes.

Example: Bu gzlk ben___. Bu gzlk benim.1. Bu kim___ kitab?

2. Bu defter sen___ mi?

3. Krmz araba arkadam___.4. Benim ev___ ok byk deil.5. Sizin ev___ hangisi?

6. Senin ayakkab___ siyah m, kahverengi mi?

7. Bu Ali'nin telefon___ mu?8. Onun anta___ nerede?

9. Ben___ arabam garajda.


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Unit 4 22

H. Match the colors in column B to the appropriate nouns in column A.

A B

1. deniz ........ a. turuncu2. st ........ b. kahverengi3. portakal (orange) ........ c. krmz4. taksi ........ d. renksiz5. ay ...1... e. mavi6. kahve ........ f. sar7. su ........ g. siyah8. gece ........ h. beyaz

I. Provide an appropriate question word.

Example: Adnz ____? Adnzne?1. Bu anta ________?

2. Kardeiniz ________? stanbul'da m?3. Anneniz ________? yi mi?4. Gzlnz ________?5. Babanzn ad ________?6. Bu hanm ________? Komunuz mu?7. Merhaba Zeynep, ________sn?8. niversite ________?9. Steve ________? Amerikal m?

J. Create or questions using the words provided.

Example: araba - senin - kardeinin Araba senin mi, kardeinin mi?

1. gzlerin - mavi - kahverengi2. kahve - scak - souk3. kardein - renci - retmen4. kitap - gzel - deil5. sinema - bu sokak - br sokak6. gmlein - yeni -eski7. kentiniz - byk - kk8. annen - Fransz - Alman

K. Translate into English.

1. Merhaba, ben ngiliz'im. Adm John Hutchinson. Londralym.2. Londra ok byk, ama ok eski bir kent. Annem ve babam da Londral.3. Ben tarih retmeniyim. Kz arkadam Linda sko. Linda niversitede renci.4. Evimiz biraz kk, ama ok gzel.5. Benim arabam krmz, ama bisikletim mavi. Linda'nn arabas yeil.


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Unit 4 23

L. Translate into Turkish.

1. Good morning. I am from France. My name is Pierre. I am from Paris.

2. This is my friend Paolo. He is Italian. Paolo is my neighbor.

3. Are you French? No, I am (an) American. I am not a doctor. I am an engineer.4. What is this? This is a book. Whose book is this? It is my book.

5. What color is your book? It is yellow.

6. Is that gentleman your sibling? Yes, he is my sibling.

elementary turkish unit 4

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