elementary introduction to subdoppler laser spectroscopy...
TRANSCRIPT
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united nationseducational, scientific
and culturalorganization
theiinternational centre for theoretical physics
international atomicenergy agency
SMR 1302- 16
WINTER SCHOOL ON LASER SPECTROSCOPY AND APPLICATIONS
19 February - 2 March 2001
Elementary Introductionto
Subdoppler Laser Spectroscopy
Part I and II
M. INGUSCIOL.E.N.S. - Lab. Europeo di Spettroscopie Non Lineari
Largo Enrico Fermi, 2 - Firenze, Italy
These are preliminary lecture notes, intended only for distribution to participants.
strada costiera, I I - 34014 trieste italy - tel.+39 04022401 I I fax +39 040224163 - [email protected] - www.ictp.trieste.it
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FREQUENCY (U. A.)
inch
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HYDROGEN TERMS
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ABSORPT/0^ FROM Sr- /*> A HOUOUJetrtHop
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MODULATION
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PURE ABSORPTION SIGNAL FOR THE R{9)COMPONENT (C2H2)
a)
pressure = 10 Torrpaihiength = 1.5 meter
absorption = a few percent 3 ' OV-SA.-
X ~
330 MHz
DERIVATIVE SIGNAL
a = 10 Torrb = 36 mlorr
Vr - •
^
1 GHz 900 MHz
Limit of detection in absorption : 10'6. 1Hz detect, bandw.
Last limit using FM techniques : UP to 10'8
Air pressure detection limit :
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LR CoatingFront Facat
Physical structure and energy band diagram ofnear-infrared DFB lasers. "
IXE.COOPER,LASER
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I . WWi w'
1 0 0
90 -
7 01 Overtone
m
5450 5500 5550 5600 5650 5700 5750 5800
1 00
L 90 -Io3:
g 80 -
70 -
T* ; #;
2 Overtone
8150 8200 5250 8300 8350 8400 8450 8500
WAVE NUMBERS / cm ~ 1
-fc
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HQ
OF
500/Wz
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Detection of HCl on the first and second overtones
at 1.7 jum and 1.2 jam using semiconductor diode lasers
C. Corsi1, S. Czhudzynsky2, F. D'Amato3, M. De Rosa4, K. Ernst2
LENS-INFM1 Dip. di Neuroscienze, Univ. Firenze; 2 Dip. di Fisica, Univ. Warsaw;
3 ENEA, Frascati; 4 SIT, Firenze
Ig
1000 c
47 ppm/m HClp=100Torr(N)
S/N=154
Frequency (arb. u.)
1 10 100
Concentration (ppm/m)1000
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Overtone Spectra of CO and CO In the 1.5^m region
^ 1.0
com"I 0,5mc(0
0,0
^ 1.0
o"SCO
1mc
0,5
0.0
COIP,in
!. i
nn
1,56
1,56
n nW I
nn
1,58
Wavelength
i n
1,60
•U-
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! h ;LT4Ki tc -^ 15 o / i •>5
Absorption [arb,]
o
oo
11
1c3O
N3OO
oo
T 1 1 r—1
t v. ^
* - j —
• "H r.Li
4 j
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I
r/
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1
f5
too
4o
CO concentration (arb)2
IV)1
00!
roo1 1
(Oro•
roi
roi
IOro
oO
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CO concentration (arb)
8
o -
p pbi
pb ob co
i r i
O
23-SEP-1997 11'-24 +39 55 224072 94* S.0S '-SEP-1997 11:24 +39 55 224072 94*:
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Why using diode lasers for monitoring gases?
fast response time (ms)
selectivity
• non-intrusiveness
6MVlR0Mrte/JTAL
sensitivity
—^
low energy consumption
^ AT PPM L6V6L
low costIN SITU "
small-size
remote sensing—b
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Abdications
-Control of combustion processes
O2, CO, HC1
-Detection of hazardous gases
CO, H2S, CH4i
-Monitoring of exhaust gases
CO, CO2
-Monitoring of e^mission gases in power plants
NH3
Medical Applications
-Non invasive diagnostic of human breath
12CO2,13CO2, NH3, C2H6
Geophysical Applications
-Monitoring of volcanic gases
H2S, H2O, CO2