element 1: 4-step project selection process

1Element 1: The Systemic Safety Project Selection Process

Element 1: 4-Step Project Selection Process

Objective

• Identify a few low-cost, effective countermeasures for project development at candidate locations.– “Few” = Consider more than one low-cost

countermeasure to provide flexibility for various conditions

Suggestion• Have 1 or 2 higher cost countermeasures for

special circumstances.2

Element 1, Step 3: Select Countermeasures

Outcome

• Short list of effective, low-cost countermeasures for focus crash type(s) and focus facilities.

• Greater understanding of pros and cons of each countermeasure.

3Element 1, Step 3: Select Countermeasures

Data Needs• No crash, roadway, or other specific data is

utilized in this step of the process.

• Do need an understanding of agency policies and practices, including how well a countermeasure has worked locally.


Element 1: Step 3


Element 1: Step 3, Task 1Assemble Comprehensive List

Purpose:• Develop a comprehensive list of safety

countermeasures that could be appropriate for systemic deployment to target the focus crash type(s) on the prioritized network elements.

Element 1: Step 3, Task 16

Element 1: Step 3, Task 1 Assemble Comprehensive List

Resources:• NCHRP Report 500 Series• Highway Safety Manual• FHWA’s Crash Modification Factors Clearinghouse• FHWA illustrated guide sheets for intersection strategies• FHWA Office of Safety website• State or regional SHSPs• NHTSA’s Countermeasures that Work• Other applicable safety plans• Published research documenting the effectiveness

of strategies


Element 1: Step 3, Task 1Assemble Comprehensive List

Process:1. Consult resources to generate lists of countermeasures

that addresses each focus crash type(s).

Suggestion:• Place emphasis on low-cost, easy to implement

countermeasures with proven effectiveness.• Select countermeasures appropriate for focus facility

type


Safety Strategies Overview NCHRP Report 500

• A series of guides to assist state and local agencies in reducing injuries and fatalities in targeted emphasis areas

• The guides correspond to the emphasis areas outlined in the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan.

• Each guide includes a brief introduction, a general description of the problem, the strategies/ countermeasures to address the problem, and a model implementation process.

9Element 1: Step 3, Task 1

Road Departure Strategies NCHRP Report 500

10

ObjectivesStrategies

Relative Cost to Implement and

Operate

EffectivenessTypical

Timeframe for Implementation

15.1 A1 -- Install shoulder rumble strips Low Proven* Short

15.1 A2 -- Install enhanced pavement markings, edgeline rumble strips or modified shoulder rumble strips on section with narrow or no paved shoulders

LowExperimental/

TriedShort

15.1 A3 -- Install centerline rumble strips Low Proven* Short

15.1 A4 -- Provide enhanced shoulder or delineation and marking for sharp curves

Low Tried / Proven Short

15.1 A5 -- Provide improved highway geometry for horizontal curves

High* Proven Long

15.1 A8 -- Apply shoulder treatments *Eliminate shoulder drop-offs *Shoulder edge *Widen and/or pave shoulders

Moderate* Experimental/Proven

Medium

15.1 B1 -- Design safer slopes and ditches to prevent rollovers

Moderate to High* Proven Medium

15.1 B2 -- Remove/relocate objects in hazardous locations

Moderate to High Proven Medium

Source: NCHRP 500 Series (2003)

Short (<1 year) Low (<$10,000/mile) *Updated by CH2M HILLMedium (1-2 years) Moderate ($10,000-$100,000/mile)Long (>2 years) High (>$100,000/mile)

15.1 B -- Minimize the likelihood of crashing into an object or overturning if the vehicle travels off the shoulder

15.1 A -- Keep vehicles from encroaching on the roadside


Other Resources– More Current –

• HSM, Part D – Hundreds of countermeasures with CMFs.

• CMF Clearinghouse – Searchable database updated regularly.– www.cmfclearinghouse.org

• Countermeasures that Work – Enforcement and education countermeasures


http://www.cmfclearinghouse.org/

http://www.cmfclearinghouse.org/index.cfm

Element 1: Step 3, Task 2Evaluate & Screen Countermeasures

Purpose:• Evaluate and screen the comprehensive list

of countermeasures– Documented effectiveness (at reducing the

target crash types)– Implementation and maintenance costs– Consistency with the agency’s policies, practices,

and experiences.



Resources:• Highway Safety Manual• FHWA’s Crash Modification Factors Clearinghouse• Published research documenting the effectiveness of

strategies



Process:1. Review resources to select the countermeasure(s) with

the greatest potential to address the priority crash type(s) across the prioritized locations.

2. Eliminate the countermeasures with the low potential to address priority crash type(s), not consistent with agency practices, or not practical to implement/ maintain.

3. Finalize list of countermeasures.

Option• Stakeholder input from multi-agency & multi-discipline

workshop.


15

Infrastructure Phase I Phase II Phase III

Install Shoulder Treatments (Rumble Strips, Pavement Marking, Pave Shoulders, etc) 161 173 84

Enhanced Shoulder or Delineation on Curves 90 89 75

Street Lights 103 58 42

Red Light Confirmation Light 95 - 48

Enhanced Signing and Marking - 23 31

Driver Behavior Phase I Phase II Phase IIISeat Belt Enforcement Campaigns 142 116 100

GDL Enforcement Campaigns 120 79 38

Conduct DWI Saturations 125 73 122

Distracted and Drowsy Driving Enforcement Campaigns 25 71 61

Speed Enforcement Campaigns 106 54 80

Increase motorcycle helmet usage - 26 30

Voting ResultsMinnesota Rural County - Workshops


Element 1: Step 3, Task 3 Select Countermeasures for Deployment

Process:1. Select a few countermeasures (from the lists

created in Step 3, Task 2) for each target crash type.

2. Assemble countermeasures to create short list of strategies for each target crash type. Include enough countermeasures to provide a measure of flexibility.


Run-Off Road Countermeasures


Intersection Countermeasures

18

Change Intersection Type

ImproveSight

Distance

EnhancedSigning andDelineation

StreetLighting

Dynamic WarningSigns

Indirect Turns


Pedestrian Countermeasures

19

Curb Extensions and Medians

Countdown Timers and Advanced Pedestrian Intervals


element 1: 4-step project selection process

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