elegantly simple presentation #1
TRANSCRIPT
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1. Unifying Art and Science
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Charles Darwin
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Subtitled his great workPreservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life
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So why are we artists?
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I found an answer in an accidental discovery
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James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field”
1864
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1864
“The theory I propose may therefore be called a theory of the Electromagnetic Field because it has to do with the space in the neighborhood of the electric or magnetic bodies…”
James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field”
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”…I am induced by many reasons to suspect that they may all depend upon certain forces by which the particles of bodies, by some causes hitherto unknown, are either mutually impelled towards each other, and cohere in regular figures, or are repelled and recede from each other…”
Isaac Newton 1686
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Maxwell’s Equations Manet’s Luncheon on the Grass
1864 1863
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A unique confluence of revolutionary inventions
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
1858
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species
1859
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species
Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland
1865
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species
Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland
Edouard Manet"Luncheon on
the Grass"
1863
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species
Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland
Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose”
Edouard Manet"Luncheon on
the Grass"
1865
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species
Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland
James Clerk Maxwell“A Dynamical Theory of
the Electromagnetic Field”
Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose”
Edouard Manet"Luncheon on
the Grass"
1864/65
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species
Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland
Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the
Atmosphere"
James Clerk Maxwell“A Dynamical Theory of
the Electromagnetic Field”
Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose”
Edouard Manet"Luncheon on
the Grass"
1863
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species
Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland
Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the
Atmosphere"
Leo Tolstoy War and Peace
James Clerk Maxwell“A Dynamical Theory of
the Electromagnetic Field”
Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose”
Edouard Manet"Luncheon on
the Grass"
1865
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species
Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland
Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the
Atmosphere"
Leo Tolstoy War and Peace
James Clerk Maxwell“A Dynamical Theory of
the Electromagnetic Field”
Karl Marx Das Kapital
Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose”
Edouard Manet"Luncheon on
the Grass"
1865-66
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species
Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland
Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the
Atmosphere"
Leo Tolstoy War and Peace
James Clerk Maxwell“A Dynamical Theory of
the Electromagnetic Field”
Karl Marx Das Kapital
Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose”
Gregor Mendel “Experiments on
Plant Hybridization”
Edouard Manet"Luncheon on
the Grass"
1866
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species
Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland
Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the
Atmosphere"
Leo Tolstoy War and Peace
James Clerk Maxwell“A Dynamical Theory of
the Electromagnetic Field”
Karl Marx Das Kapital
Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose”
Gregor Mendel “Experiments on
Plant Hybridization”
Edouard Manet"Luncheon on
the Grass"
1858-1866
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All derived from a singular idea”
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1858-1866Environments
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Arthur CayleyMatrices
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species
Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland
Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the
Atmosphere"
Leo Tolstoy War and Peace
James Clerk Maxwell“A Dynamical Theory of
the Electromagnetic Field”
Karl Marx Das Kapital
Auguste Rodin “Man with a
Broken Nose”
Gregor Mendel “Experiments on
Plant Hybridization”
Edouard Manet"Luncheon on
the Grass"
1858-1866EnvironmentsJames Clerk Maxwell
“A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field”
1858-1866
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Knowing what to look for I found other confluences of invention
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Objects 1498Leonardo da VinciThe Last Supper
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Objects 1506Leonardo da VinciThe Last Supper
BramanteSt. Peter’s Cathedral
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Objects 1509Leonardo da VinciThe Last Supper
BramanteSt. Peter’s Cathedral
CopernicusHeliocentric
System
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Objects 1499Leonardo da VinciThe Last Supper
BramanteSt. Peter’s Cathedral
CopernicusHeliocentric
System
MichelangeloPieta
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Leonardo da VinciThe Last Supper
BramanteSt. Peter’s Cathedral
CopernicusHeliocentric
System
Martin Luther“95 Theses”
MichelangeloPieta
Objects 1517
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Machiavelli The Prince
Martin Luther“95 Theses”
Objects 1513Leonardo da VinciThe Last Supper
BramanteSt. Peter’s Cathedral
CopernicusHeliocentric
System
MichelangeloPieta
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Machiavelli The Prince
MooreUtopia
Objects 1516Leonardo da VinciThe Last Supper
BramanteSt. Peter’s Cathedral
CopernicusHeliocentric
System
Martin Luther“95 Theses”
MichelangeloPieta
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Machiavelli The Prince
MooreUtopia
ErasmusIn Praise of
Folly
Objects 1509Leonardo da VinciThe Last Supper
BramanteSt. Peter’s Cathedral
CopernicusHeliocentric
System
Martin Luther“95 Theses”
MichelangeloPieta
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Machiavelli The Prince
MooreUtopia
Objects 1507
Albrecht Durer “Adam and Eve”
ErasmusIn Praise of
Folly
Leonardo da VinciThe Last Supper
BramanteSt. Peter’s Cathedral
CopernicusHeliocentric
System
Martin Luther“95 Theses”
MichelangeloPieta
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Leonardo da VinciThe Last Supper
BramanteSt. Peter’s Cathedral
CopernicusHeliocentric
System
Machiavelli The Prince
MooreUtopia
Martin Luther“95 Theses”
Michelangelo”Sistine Chapel"
Objects 1498-1520
Albrecht Durer “Adam and Eve”
ErasmusIn Praise of
Folly
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Thales of MiletusLogos
Universals c. 600BC
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Thales of MiletusGeometric Proof
Universals c. 600BCThales of Miletus
Logos
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Thales of MiletusGeometric Proof
Kouros Archaic Art
Universals c. 600BCThales of Miletus
Logos
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Thales of MiletusGeometric Proof
Kouros Archaic Art
SolonConstitution of Athens
Universals c. 600BCThales of Miletus
Logos
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Thales of MiletusGeometric Proof
Kouros Archaic Art
KourosFree Standing Sculpture
SolonConstitution of Athens
Universals c. 600BCThales of Miletus
Logos
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Thales of MiletusGeometric Proof
Kouros Archaic Art
KourosFree Standing Sculpture
SolonConstitution of Athens
Universals c. 600BC
Theater
Thales of MiletusLogos
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Thales of MiletusGeometric Proof
Kouros Archaic Art
Free Standing BuildingsDoric Order
KourosFree Standing Sculpture
SolonConstitution of Athens
Universals c. 600BC
Theater
Thales of MiletusLogos
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Thales of MiletusGeometric Proof
Kouros Archaic Art
Free Standing BuildingsDoric Order
Aesop’sFables
KourosFree Standing Sculpture
SolonConstitution of Athens
Universals c. 600BC
Theater
Thales of MiletusLogos
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Thales of MiletusGeometric Proof
Kouros Archaic Art
Free Standing BuildingsDoric Order
Aesop’sFables
KourosFree Standing Sculpture
Black Figure Vases
SolonConstitution of Athens
Universals c. 600BC
Theater
Thales of MiletusLogos
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Thales of MiletusGeometric Proof
Kouros Archaic Art
Free Standing BuildingsDoric Order
Aesop’sFables
KourosFree Standing Sculpture
Black Figure Vases
Polis
SolonConstitution of Athens
Universals c. 600BC
Theater
Thales of MiletusLogos
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Cave Art
Symbols c. 50,000
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Cave Art Venus Figures
Symbols c. 50,000
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Cave Art Venus Figures
Symbols c. 50,000Language and Storytelling
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Cave Art Venus Figures
Symbols c. 50,000Language and Storytelling
Fashioned tools
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Cave Art Venus Figures Decorated bodies
Symbols c. 50,000Language and Storytelling
Fashioned tools
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Cave Art Venus Figures Decorated bodies
Symbols c. 50,000
Music
Language and Storytelling
Fashioned tools
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Cave Art Venus Figures
Dance
Decorated bodies
Symbols c. 50,000
Music
Language and Storytelling
Fashioned tools
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Cave Art Venus Figures
Dance
Decorated bodies
Tribal Life
Symbols c. 50,000
Music
Language and Storytelling
Fashioned tools
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Cave Art Venus Figures Language and Storytelling
Dance
Decorated bodies
Tribal Life “Magic”
Symbols c. 50,000
Music
Fashioned tools
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Each marked the beginning of a great period of knowledge…
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Based on thatsingular idea
The Pattern of Knowledge
Periods Sites Fasteners
Symbols
Universals
Objects
Environments
Singular
Parts
Connections
Relations
Transformations
Wholes
Connections
Relations
Transformations
Plural
Parts
Connections
Relations
Transformations
Wholes
Connections
Relations
Transformations
12 Phases
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I could divide each in two distinct halves • Singular• Plural
The Pattern of Knowledge
Periods Semi-Periods Fasteners
Symbols
Universals
Objects
Environments
Singular
Parts
Connections
Relations
Transformations
Wholes
Connections
Relations
Transformations
Plural
Parts
Connections
Relations
Transformations
Wholes
Connections
Relations
Transformations
12 Phases
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And each half again in half into • Parts• Wholes)
The Pattern of Knowledge
Periods
Symbols
Universals
Objects
Environments
Singular
Parts
Connections
Relations
Transformations
Wholes
Connections
Relations
Transformations
Plural
Parts
Connections
Relations
Transformations
Wholes
Connections
Relations
Transformations
12 Phases
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And each of those into three parts • Connections• Relations• Transformations
The Pattern of Knowledge
Entities Sites Fasteners
Symbols
Universals
Objects
Environments
Singular
PartsConnections
Relations
Transformations
WholesConnections
Relations
Transformations
Plural
PartsConnections
Relations
Transformations
WholesConnections
Relations
Transformations
12 Phases
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12 “phases” in Symbols
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Universals
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Objects
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Environments
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Symbols went through these phases many times.
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Universals phases repeated in Medieval Europe
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I call this the “Pattern of Knowledge”
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While I focused on “Western knowledge,” I believe this pattern of the evolution of knowledge is independent of culture.
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The Pattern lets us explore interesting connections between art and science.
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Plural Environments Parts Relations
Einstein, “On the Electrodynamics of Moving BodiesPicasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
19051907
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Plural Universals Parts Connections
Democritus, Atomic TheoryParthenon
c. 430437
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Plural Objects Wholes Relations
Delacroix, The Fanatics of TangierFaraday, Lines of Force
c. 1840 1838
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Plural Environments Wholes Relations
Feynman, Feynman DiagramsJackson Pollack, No. 5, 1948
19481948
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Singular Objects Wholes Relations
Kepler, The New AstronomyCaravaggio, The Calling of St. Matthew
16091600
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Finding fascinating connections
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Parts TransformationsPlato
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Parts TransformationsPlato Dante
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Parts TransformationsPlato Dante Kant
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Parts TransformationsPlato Dante Kant Einstein
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You may be wondering …
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Since we seem to have ended the environments periods…
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2. What’s next?
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Symbols as the simplest building block
Universals
Objects
Environments
?
I pictured…I thought of…
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Symbols as the simplest
Universals as collections of symbols
Objects
Environments
?
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Symbols as the simplest
Universals as collections of symbols
Objects as collections of universals
Environments
?
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Symbols as the simplest
Universals as collections of symbols
Objects as collections of universals
Environments as collections of objects
?
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I pictured…What is a collection of environments?
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I pictured…
I turned back to the 19th century
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I pictured…
And wondered how …
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Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
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Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation Maxwell’s Electrodynamics
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Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation Maxwell’s Electrodynamics
Could coexist?
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Knowledge has to be a human construction
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Invented, not discovered
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Symbols as the simplest
Universals as collections of symbols
Objects as collections of universals
Environments as collections of objects
A collection of environments is an artifact
Then…
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Symbols as the simplest
Universals as collections of symbols
Objects as collections of universals
Environments as collections of objects
A collection of environments is an artifact
Gehry, Stata Center MIT 2004
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What is an artifact?
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A human construction
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A pattern
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For thought as well as for things
Library of Alexandria, Von Corven, c. 19th century
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This is an artifact
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And this…
Frederic Church, The Heart of the Andes, 1859
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Or this
Monet, Impression, Sunrise, 1872
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Or this
Kandinsky, Landscape with Two Poplars, 1912
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They are all human constructions.
LEGOLAND Billund, Denmark
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They are all patterns.
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3. Is there a deeper connection?
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We make patterns constantly…
Feynman doodles
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Move our furniture
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Cover our walls…
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Mold our ceilings
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In everything we do.Carve our columns
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Inside and OutsidePlant our Gardens
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“Mathematics has become the science of patterns”Lynn Steen 1988
Do mathematics
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Play sports
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Study science
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Tell stories
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Create art
M. C. Escher, Circle Limit III, 1959
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Describe history
Compte, Theory of Science c. 1848
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Plan cities
L’Enfant Map of Washington, DC
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Play music
Bach, Fugue
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Everywhere
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All the time
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So how do we decide which ones we should keep…
Leonardo’s Sketchbook
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And share?
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I would argue that those are…
Cassiopeia
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Unique
M31, the Galaxy beyond Andromeda
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We know uniqueness
The Standard Model
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Because it is beautiful
Garrett Lisi, A Theory of Everything
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…I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary…
Isaac Newton
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When I am working on a problem I never think about beauty. I only think about how to solve the problem. But when I have finished, if the solution is not beautiful, I know it is wrong.
Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983)
Fuller dome
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It seems that if one is working from the point of view of getting beauty in one's equations, and if one has really a sound insight, one is on a sure line of progress.
Paul Dirac 1963
Paul Dirac 1963
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We are artists because…
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From art we learn beauty…
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To make the unique patternswe use and share.
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Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object of which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows. There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.
Charles Darwin 1859