electrostatics. two types of electric charge: –negative (excess electrons) –positive (lacking...

Electrostatics

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Electrostatics

• Two types of electric charge:– Negative (excess electrons)– Positive (lacking electrons)

• e = elementary unit of charge

= magnitude of charge on an electron

= 1.60 x 10-19 Coulomb

Page 3: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

Types of materials

• Conductors: electric charges move freely (ex. Metals)

• Insulators: Electric charges do not move freely (ex. Plastic, rubber, glass, etc)

• Semiconductors: Mix of conductor and insulator properties (silicon)

• Superconductors: electric charges move without resistance.

Page 4: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

Particle Mass Electric Charge

Electron me=9.110x10-31 kg q=-e

q=-1.60x10-19 C

Proton mp=1.673x10-27 kg q=+e

q=+1.60x10-19 C

Neutron mn=1.675x10-27 kg q=0

q=0 C

Page 5: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

Coulombs Law

The electric force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the two charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, and directed by the line joining the two charges.

Page 6: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

€

Fe =kq1q2

Electric force

Charge 1

Charge 2

Radius

8.99 x 109 N m2 C-2

Page 7: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

Determine the force on q1, as shown above

Page 8: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

Electric field

• A region in space surrounding a charged object in which a second charged object experiences an electrical force.

• Similar to gravitational field around a planet…but the mass is smaller and the force is stronger

Page 9: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

Diagram symbols

+ charged sphere

+ point charge

- point charge

Page 10: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

Rules of electric field lines

1. Lines never cross2. Show the direction of force on a small

positive test charge3. Out of positive, toward negative4. Direction of electric field is tangent to field

lines5. Density of field lines is proportional to field

strength (density=intensity)6. Perpendicular to surface

Page 11: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

Draw the field lines, assuming +1 and -1

Page 12: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

Page 13: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

Calculating

eFEq

= eF Eq=

Electric Field

Force

Charge

Electric Field

€

E =k

q=k

Charge creating the field

Charge affected by the field

Electric fieldradius

Page 15: Electrostatics. Two types of electric charge: –Negative (excess electrons) –Positive (lacking electrons) e = elementary unit of charge = magnitude of

€

E =kQ

r2eFEq

=eF Eq=

€

Fe =kq1q2

r2k = 8.99 x 109 N m2 C-2

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