electronics stewardship legislation: lessons learned from
TRANSCRIPT
Electronics Stewardship Legislation:
Lessons Learned from High Performing Programs
• Jason Linnell, Executive Director, National Center for Electronics Recycling
• Kate Hagemann, Associate of Policy and Programs, Product Stewardship Institute
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Who is the Product Stewardship Institute?
• Non-profit founded in 2000
• Memberships 47 States 200+ Local governments
• Partnerships (75+) Companies Organizations Universities Non-US Governments
• Board of Directors: 7 states,
4 local agencies
• Multi-stakeholder product stewardship network
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Global Product Stewardship CouncilScott Cassel, Founding Board Member
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• Used electronics are a fast growing waste problem due to their quantity, rapid obsolescence, and toxicity.
• EPR laws are proliferating, but there are wide variations among the 25 existing laws impacting:– amount of material collected,
– how that material is managed,
– the efficiency of the program,
– overall administrative burden on government officials.
• Today will review some of the differences between these laws & their effectiveness at increasing electronics recycling
Webinar Overview
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Differences in:
• Program age
• Product scope
• Covered entities
• Existing infrastructure
Which states are “high performing” ?
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PSI Networking Call: “Electronics Stewardship Legislation: Lessons Learned from High Performing
Programs”
Jason Linnell,
National Center for Electronics Recycling (NCER)
California (green star) is the only state with an ARF (Advance Recycling Fee) Law. All other states highlighted in orange have Producer Responsibility Laws.
States highlighted in orange have some type of electronics recycling law
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25 States With Laws2003: California
2004: Maine
2005: Maryland
2006: Washington
2007: Connecticut, Minnesota,
Oregon, Texas, North Carolina
0
2
4
6
8
10
2003
2005
2007
2009
Number of New Laws
Number of New Laws
2008*: New Jersey, Oklahoma,
Virginia, W. Virginia, Missouri, Hawaii,
Rhode Island, Illinois, Michigan
2009: Indiana, Wisconsin
2010: Vermont, South Carolina,
New York, Pennsylvania
2011: Utah
Percentage of Population Covered by E-Waste Law
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States highlighted in maroon have active landfill bans.
Those highlighted in yellow also have landfill bans, but they aren't in effect yet.
States With Landfill Bans
One or More Electronic Devices
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TVs, Desktop & Laptop Computers, Monitors, Printers, Keyboards and Mice
Desktop, laptop, tablet, keyboard, printer, television, television peripherals (DVD player, VCR, etc)
Product Scope By StateDesktops, Laptops (over 4”), TVs (over 4”), Monitors (over 4”)
TVs with exclusions (over 4 inches diagonally), Monitors (over 4”), Laptops (over 4”)
Desktops, Laptops, TVs (over 4”), Monitors (over 4”)
Laptops, TVs (over 9”), Monitors (over 9”)
TVs (over 4”), Monitors (over 4”), Laptops (over 4”)
Desktops, laptops, computer monitors, printers, and TVs
Desktops, laptops, computer monitors over 9” and TVs over 9”
Computers, Televisions (as well as cathode ray tubes), Small Scale Servers, Computer Peripherals (Monitors, Electronic Keyboards, Printers, etc.), Small Electronic Equipment (VCRs, Digital Video Recorders, Portable Digital Music Players, DVD Players, etc.)
Desktops, monitors, laptops
TVs, Desktops, monitors, laptops, keyboard, mice, printing devices and other peripheral equipment
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1. Pounds sold/share – OEM individual lbs goals, some without convenience metric
– IL, IN, MN, NY, NJ, WI, (MI), (NC), (SC)
2. Default and opt-out, collective programs, convenience goals, usually collection goals
– OR, RI, VT, WA
3. Limited take-back programs, loose convenience goal
– MD, MO, (NC), (MI), (SC), OK, TX, VA, WV
4. Recycler approval, then bill manufacturer, return and market share, no convenience/collection goals
– CT, ME
5. Advanced Recycling Fee (CA)
Grouping The States – 5 Models
How Do We Measure Performance?
• Mainly pounds, pounds per capita, and number of collection options
• ERCC recommendations published April 2011
• Two major challenges– Making comparisons across states with numerous scope differences
– Isolating particular aspects of laws as the cause of better performance
How Do We Measure Performance?
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State managers: How do you currently measure the performance of your program?
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2010 Per Capita RatesState Products Collected EntitiesCollected From
2010 Per Capita
CA Televisions, computer monitors , laptop All 4.9
HI Computer monitors, laptops, printers (no TVs until 2011)
All 2.4
IL Computer, computer monitor, television, printer, mobile phones, telephone, others
Households only 2.4
IN TVs, computer monitors, laptops, desktops, printers, computers, peripherals, fax machines, DVD players, VCRs
Households, public schools, small business
2.5
ME TVs, computer monitors, laptops,printers, video game consoles, dig picframes
Households (othersadded 2011)
4.0
MI Computer, computer monitor, television, printer
Household and small business
0.8
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State Products Collected Entities Collected From
2010 Per Capita
MN
TVs, computer monitors, laptops, desktops, printers, computers, peripherals, fax machines, DVD players, VCRs
Households 6.7
OR
TVs, computer monitors, laptops, desktops Households, small business, non-profit, 7 or fewer
6.3
OK computer monitors, laptops, desktops Households 0.7
TX computer monitors, laptops, desktops Households 1.0
VAcomputer monitors, laptops, desktops Households 0.6
WA
TVs, computer monitors, laptops, desktops Households, small governments, small businesses, school district and charities
5.9
televisions, computers (desktop, laptop, netbook and tablet computers), desktop printers, computer monitors; other computer accessories, e-readers, DVD players, VCRs and other video players (i.e., DVRs); and fax
Households, k-12 public schools
4.2
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Rate of Change: 2009/2010 Per Capita Rates
NOT a True Comparison – Products/Entities Differ!
6.00
5.75
4.96
5.78
4.00
6.71
6.30
5.87
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
ME MN OR WA
2009
2010
MN
Up 17% OR
Up 27%
WA
Up 1%
ME
Down 33%
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Number of Sites (excl. events, mailback)
587
359319
264254
252239
210194
91 9131 15 13 4
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Number of Collection Sites Per State
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Lessons Learned
• Learn from those who have gone before– Lists, strategies, expectations
• Manufacturer compliance a challenge for smaller companies– Retailer involvement key
• Goals can drive performance, but also unintended effects– Manufacturers incentive to collect at target
– Convenience goals can exclude some collectors
– Sales based goals can fluctuate year to year
Lessons Learned
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GREENFIEND
THANK YOU
Jason Linnell, NCER
Phone: (304) 699-1008
Visit us on the web: www.electronicsrecycling.org
and www.ecycleclearinghouse.org
Key Lessons Learned
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• Product scope
• Performance targets
• Convenient collection
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Comprehensive Scope of Products
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Collected Volumes in Oregon
22
Desktops/Notebooks
15%
Monitors23%TVs
62%
Used Electronics Collected in Oregeon 2011 (by material type) Source: OR DEQ
TVs over
62% of
weight of
collected
materials
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Adaptable Scope of Products
• New products (new materials)
entering the marketplace
• Define products by function
rather than specific name
• Write legislation to allow
amendment of “covered
electronic devices”
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Performance Goals
• Legally binding collection targets, critical to achieving the benefits of Extended Producer Responsibility
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.22 0.51 0.560.95
2.61 2.68
4.04 4.16
5.876.3
6.71
Pounds of Used Electronics Collected (Per Capita)
Oklahoma
West Virginia
Virginia
Texas
Illinois
Rhode Island
Maine
Wisconsin
Washington
Source: National Center for Electronics Recycling
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Performance Goals Create a Level Playing Field
25
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
DellSamsung Altex Sony
All Others
Volumes of Used Electronics Collected in Texas in 2010 by manufacturer
Dell
Samsung
Altex
Sony
All Others
Source: Texas Campaign for the Environment
The top 3
companies
accounted for 92%
of all pounds
collected in Texas
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Convenient Collection Locations
• Variety of collection points : Private businesses, NGOs, Government
Source: E-cycle Washington 26
Developing Infrastructure to Manage Material Safely
• allowing ample time to implement a landfill ban
• providing additional resources for rural counties
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Next Steps
• Moving beyond just volumes collected
• Encouraging re-use
• Raising the bar on electronics recycling & processing
• Evaluating levels of program convenience and public awareness levels
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Environmental Impacts Assessment of a Personal Computer
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Source: Choi, B., Shin, H., Lee, S. and Hur, T. “Life Cycle Assessment of a Personal Computer and its Effective Recycling Rate” Journal of Life Cycle Assessment Volume 11, Number 2, 122-128
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Encouraging Best Practice in Collections & Triage
• Emphasis on triage allows product to be sorted into the highest value activity
• enhances both the process efficiency and value
Resources: “Closing the Loop Electronics Design to Enhance Reuse/Recycling Value”
-Conducted by the Green Electronics Council in collaboration with the National Center for Electronics Recycling and Resource Recycling, Inc.
Best Practice for Collectors
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• Focus on the efficiency of the recycling process itself
Recycling efficiency
31
• Ensuring the production of high-grade materials that can displace the need for virgin materials
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Improving Program Performance
• How can re-use be encouraged without inadvertently creating a loophole?
• How can we raise the bar on electronics recycling and accelerate the adoption of best practices?
• How can we encourage high collection volumes given the limitations of mandatory targets?
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For the Audience: 2 ways to ask questions
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ContactInformation
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Kate HagemannAssociate of Policy and Programs
The Product Stewardship Institute
617-236-4771
Jason Linnell, NCER
Phone: (304) 699-1008
Visit us on the web: www.electronicsrecycling.org
and www.ecycleclearinghouse.org
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Upcoming PSI Webinars
Part 2 in our 3 part webinar series includes more webinars on the following topics:
“Carpet Stewardship Legislation: Seeking Better Results” - Tuesday, Nov 22, 2 –3PM EST
“Phone Book Stewardship Legislation and the Opportunity for Corporate Leadership” - Wednesday, Nov 30, 2 – 3PM EST
Mattress Stewardship Legislation: The Time Has Come – Recording available
Additional Webinars will be held in January 2012 on the topics of packaging, framework legislation, incentives and changing consumer behavior, and “selling” Product Stewardship
For more information and to register, please see the Product Stewardship website at: www.productstewardship.us/networkingcalls
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