Electronic Warfare

Electronic Warfare

EW IntroEW Intro

EW is a component of Command & Control Warfare (C2W)

C2W: Military strategy which implements Information Warfare (IW).

C2W includes integrated use of OPSEC, military deception, PSYOPS, EW, and physical destruction.

Three Components of EWThree Components of EW

� Electronic Support (ES) *ESM

� Electronic Attack (EA) *ECM� Electronic Protection (EP)

*ECCM

Increasing Importance of EW:Increasing Importance of EW: Increased reliance on radar OTH targeting Increased use of Communications Tactical Data Systems (TDS) Increased speed of missiles and

weapons systems High-speed detection and tracking Active-homing or passive-homing long-

range missiles give little warning

Electronic Support (ES)Electronic Support (ES) Surveillance of EM spectrum

Immediate threat recognition Threat avoidance Homing and targeting.

Passive EW Electronic Intelligence (ELINT): Info derived

from foreign non-communications EM information, particularly radar.

Communications Intelligence (COMINT): Info derived from foreign communications.

ES Subdivisions:ES Subdivisions:

Threat Warning and Avoidance

Direction Finding Target Homing and Tracking

ES Receiver Design RequirementsES Receiver Design Requirements

Wide spectrum surveillance Wide dynamic range Unwanted signal rejection Angle-of-Arrival measurement Signal Analysis capability Display Recording System

Signal Collection Process Signal Warning

Alerts to presence of a signal Signal Sorting

Uses frequency to sort out signals of immediate interest/action required

Signal AnalysisDetermines specific capabilities for

immediate and future actions

Electronic Attack (EA)Electronic Attack (EA)

Use of EM or directed energy to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment.

Active and Passive EW

Non-Destructive EANon-Destructive EA

« Confusion: Mask or hide real targets by cluttering the radar display.« Jamming

« Noise Jamming« Spot Jamming« Barrage Jamming« Sweep Jamming

« Chaff« Infrared flares (Torch)

Spot, Barrage, and Sweep JammingSpot, Barrage, and Sweep Jamming

Freq

Ampl Time

Sweep

Barrage

Spot

Spot and Barrage JammingSpot and Barrage Jamming

Power

Frequency

Rcvr BW

Spot Jamming

Barrage Jamming

Rcvd Signal Amp.

time

Ineffective Jamming

Effective Jamming

PW

PRT

Non-Destructive EA (cont.)Non-Destructive EA (cont.)

Deception: Create a false image or change the image on the enemy’s radar display. Repeaters: Create false echo by delaying rcvd

radar signals & retransmitting at later time. Transponders: Create false signal by playing

back a stored replica of the radar signal. Chaff Radar Decoys Blip Enhancers Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Modification

EA-6B Prowler

Destructive EADestructive EA

Anti-Radiation Missiles SLAM HARM Sidewinder

Directed Energy

Interceptors

Kinetic Kill Destroy satellite by direct impact.

Conventional Explosive

Destroy satellite by explosion of chemical payload within lethal radius of satellite.

Nuclear ExplosiveDestroy satellite by nuclear radiation from explosion within lethal radius of satellite.

Directed Energy Weapons

High Power Microwave

Induce permanent damage to electronic circuits by over-stressing components with EM radiation, or thermally inducing structural damage.

High Energy Laser

Thermally induce structural, electronic, or sensor damage through irradiation.

Neutral Particle Beam

Thermally induce structural, electronic, or sensor damage through irradiation.

Electronic CounterMeasures

High Power Microwave

Temporarily interfere with normal operation of electronic circuits.

Noise Jamming Intentional transmission of interfering EM noise.

Deception Jamming

Intentional transmission of interfering signals to manipulate target systems.

SLAM ER Stand-off Land Attack Missile-Expanded

Response

HARM High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile

HARM Results

Portable Radar SiteIn Serbia

AIM-9 Sidewinder

Electronic Protection (EP)Electronic Protection (EP)

The protection of friendly combat capability against undesirable effect of friendly or enemy employment EW.

Electronic Protection (EP) Three primary ways to defend

ourselves from enemy EW Modify our radar - make it more

complex and harder to jam Modify the Medium - Chaff and Torch Modify the platform

EP: Radar DesignEP: Radar Design

Power Frequency PRF PW Pulse Shape Antenna Design Scan Pattern

EP FactorsEP Factors

Burnthrough: Increase signal strength to overpower jammer noise

Emission Control (EMCON) Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta

Operator Training

U.S. Shipboard EW CapabilitiesU.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities SLQ-32 “Sidekick” - on all combatants

Radar warning, detection and jamming Uses an internal library to auto detect &

categorize Infrared Flares - “Torch”

Formally on all combatants Chaff - on all combatants

U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities SSQ-108 “Outboard” - on some Spruance

class, DDG, CG, LHA, LHD Any ship with SSES real-time, over-the-horizon passive detection,

localization, and targeting SLQ-39 Chaff Buoy - on Arleigh Burke

class Rubber Duck – looks like a life boat container

U.S. Airborne EW CapabilitiesU.S. Airborne EW Capabilities ALQ-142 - ES system on SH-60 Seahawk ALQ-99 - EW system on EA-6B Prowler

Mimics radar signals (Deception) ALQ-126 - EA jamming system on F-14 & F/A 18 ALQ-165 - EA jamming system on F/A-18 ALR-47 - ES detection system on S-3 Viking ALR-73 - ES detection system on E-2 Hawkeye Chaff - on SH-60 Seahawk

Questions?