electronic hniruivim · (audio modulated transmitter and receiver). system includes garage door...

ELECTRONICit*w4or HNIruivIMWORLD'S LARGEST ELECTRONIC TRADE CIRCULATION,

September 1965

mitkiJk

TEST

INSTRUMENTS

In aprinted circuitTV set it can take

20 MINUTES tounsolder and resoldera transistor

It takes only3 SECONDS to change

one of the plug-in transistorsin Zenith's new Handcrafted

transistorized portable TV

0111,THHANDCRAFTED TV

- s

IS BUILT WITH THE SERVICEMAN IN MIND!

. . . for more details circle 70 on postcard

No. 111

ESPECIALLY MADE FORTELEVISION TUNERS

POSITIVE CONTACTCLEANER AND LUBRICATE

CONTINUOUSLY CLEANSAND LUBRICATES CONTACTS

EACH TIME TUNER ISROTATED

NON -CORROSIVE

EON -DRYING Nowcomouaii

NON-IYAPORATING

511111 I 1/2 OVnCIPS

IUBIA-(LIAM (0MAC

II

4 rg TOVER CLEANERTWAT REALLY APORA'Sti

MADE ESPECIALLY FOR TELEVISION TUNERSFinally, a tuner cleaner that really works. Apply LUBRACLEAN and let it do the work for you. Physical cleaning andpolishing contacts is no longer necessary. Simply apply-andLUBRA CLEAN continues to polish and lubricate tuner con-tacts for months after all other cleaners and lubricants havefailed.

LET LUBRA-CLEAN DO THE WORK!

APPLICATIONTO STANDARD COIL TUNER:A-Do not remove tuner drum from standard coil

tuners, Lubra Clean will transfer from strip con-tacts to brass spring contacts, cleaning and lubri-cating them.

B-Apply a small quantity of Lubra Clean to one rowof contacts on channel strip, rotate tuner 180 de-grees, apply again and rotate in opposite direc-tion. This will deposit cleaner and lubricant onboth sides of spring contacts where it will comein contact with each channel strip as the tuneris rotated, continuously polishing and lubricatingcontacts.

C-Now rotate the tuner vigorously several times inboth directions and replace tuner cover.

BRASS CONTACTS

r

APPLICATIONTO WAFER TUNER:

A-Apply Lubra Clean in a very small quantity at thepoints indicated by arrows.

B-By rotating the channel selector you may bringcontact Al inbetween A2 and A3, apply a smallquantity of Lubra Clean with a slim screwdriver,rotate channel selector back and forth, deposit-ing Lubra Clean on contacts A2 and A3.

C-Apply Lubra Clean at point Bl, (both sides ofwafer if necessary) rotate channel selector sev-

eral times vigorouslydepositing cleaner andlubricant on contactB2 and the balance ofthe channel contacts.

B2

.for more details circle 43 on postcard

LUBRA CLEAN COMPANYP 0 BOX 926 - MARTINSVILLE, VIRGINIA - PHONE (703) 638-1211

20

NEW:i REASONSFOR BUYING EICOUNCOMPROMISING ENGINEERING AT LOWEST COST

New Model 965 - FaradOhm Bridge 'Analyzer. 9 -range.low -voltage capacitance -resistance bridge safelymeasures even 1 -volt electrolytics. Metered bridgebalance, leakage test voltage (6 DC VTVM ranges1.5.500 V), leakage current (11 DC VTAM ranges0.15 ua-15 ma). DC VTVM 8 VTAM externally usable.$129.95 wired.

New model 3566 - All Solid -State Automatic FM

4MPX Stereo Tuner/Amplifier, kit or wired. No tubes,not even nuvistors. Delivers 112 watts IHF total to.1 ohms. 75 watts to 8 ohms. Completely pre -wiredand pre -aligned RE, IF and MPX circuitry, plus plug.in transistor sockets. $219.95 kit ?optional walnutcabinet $14.95). $325.00 wired including walnut cab-inet. UL approved.

7New Bendix NAVIGATOR 420 - BFO for CONSOLANnavigation, antenna post for pulling -in weak sig-nals, illuminated dial for night navigation. Batterysaver cord permits use of external 6 VDC sources.$99.95 complete.

New Model 342 FM Multiplex Signal Gener. forDesign lab quality. Both composite audio and FMRF outputs. Inputs for stereo audio source forstore demonstrations, critical A. listening tests$149.95 wired.

New Model 435 - D -C Wideband Scope. Top -qua ityDC -4. 5Mc scope with 3" flat -face CRT, Zener ali-orator. Outperforms 5" scopes three times its site,facilitates on -location color TV and other servicrag.$99.95 kit, $149.95 wired.

New Doormatic 4000 Automatic Garage Doc.Opener. Quick, dependable, silent radio -controlled or

8

eration of garage doors with exclusive TONECEIVE:(audio modulated transmitter and receiver). Systemincludes garage door mechanism, electronic contrclbox with radio receiver, transistorized portabi transmitter, and all mounting hardware. Furnishercompletely wired, UL approved. $59.95 mechaniseonly. Complete ready to install only $159.95.

New Model 753 -- The one and only SSB/AM/CWTri-Band Transceiver Kit. 200 watts PEP on 80, 40and 20 meters. Receiver offset tuning, built in VOX,high level dynamic Al.C. Unequalled performance,features and appearance. Sensationally priced at$179.95 kit, $299.95 wired.

New Model 779 - Sentinel 23 Dual Conversion 5 -wattCB Transceiver. All crystals provided for 23 crystal.controlled transmit and receive channels. Delta tun -mg for receiving off -frequency transmissions. Panelswitches for standby and use as 3.5 watt PA system.Transistorized 12VDC 8 117VAC dual power supply.$169.95 wired only.

New Model 390 - Solid State NTSC Color Generatorgenerates exact NTSC color signals Individually andall required dot -bar patterns. Super -compact, 4Pounds light. Instant operation. $109.95 kit,$159.95 wired.

Over 3,000,000 EICO instruments now in use! Preferred by engineers, scientists, -.echnicians and students. EICO equipmentis available nation-wide through 2500 EICO dealers. ET -9

Send for FREE catalog describing the full EICO line of 200 best buys. EICO, 131.01 39th Ave., Flushing, N.Y. 11352.

1945-1965: TWENTY YEARS OF LEADERSHIP IN CREATIVE ELECTRONICS... for more details circle 27 on postcard

ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN

SEPTEMBER 1965

VOL. 82 NO. 3

RON KIPP

JACK HOBBS

QUINTO BOCCHI

DOUGLAS HEDIN

JOHN BAILEY

THOMAS MURN

MARY CONNORS

MAGGIE KANE

JIM GHERNA

RUTH GELINEAU

Publisher

Managing Editor

Technical Editor

Industrial Editor

Assistant Editor

Assistant Editor

Editorial Production

Advertising Production

Art Director

Circulation Fulfillment

AN OJIBWAYPUBLICATION

OJIBWAY PRESS, Inc.Ojibway Building, Duluth, Minn. 55802

AREA CODE 218 727-8511

ADMINISTRATION:MARSHALL REINIG PresidentROBERT EDGELL Executive Vice PresidentDEAN MYHRAN Vice PresidentGREGORY BLODGETT TreasurerBEN MARSH Editorial DirectorHARRY RAMALEY Production DirectorJOE WOLKING Circulation DirectorANGUS STONE Marketing Manager

Sales Offices:

NEW YORK: Ron Kipp, 25 W. 45 St.New York, N.Y. 10036AREA CODE 212 581.4200

CHICAGO: Jack Daniels, 221 N. LaSalleSt., Chicago, Ill. 60601AREA CODE 312 CE 6-1600

-A B P

ssoa

..\ABC\Oc -1,00

IOLA

Copyright 1965 by Ojibway Press, Inc.,Duluth, Minn. 55802. Reproduction and re-printing prohibited except by written author-ization of the publication. Subscription price:$5 for 1 year, $8 for 2 years, $10 for 3 years.Foreign, $9 for 1 year, 514 for 2 years, andS18 for 3 years.If you have a change of address or a ques-tion about your subscription, write: ELEC-TRONIC TECHNICIAN, Circulation Department,Ojibway Building, Duluth, Minnesota 55802.BE SURE TO SEND ALONG THE ADDRESSLABEL FROM YOUR MOST RECENT ISSUE.

ELECTRONICTECHNICIAN

WORLD'S LARGEST ELECTRON C TRADE CIRCULATION

CoverWhen our artist first set up his easel in a corner of ET's 1EKLAB, he had a skeptical expressionon his face. Some time later, after rubbing elbows with new color TV chassis, scopes, bar/dotgenerators and other test instruments, he showed us what he had coaxed from a few tubesof colorful paints. It clearly symbolized this month's editorial emphasis. We told him so andhe went away smiling.

FEATURES

You and Your Oscilloscope 49John Holmes begins an in-depth article series on scopes, how they work, what to lookfor in a service scope and how to use it it troubleshooting and repair

Troubleshooting Printed Circuit Boards 53Bob Goodman tells how he uses an electronic switch, audio generator and scope torapidly p,n-point PC board louts

Impedance Measurements With A Scope and Signal Generator 56Robert Baird solves a some -times difficult probelm in a different way

Test and Troubleshooting Instruments For Color 58A continuing thumb -nail sketch of modern test instruments for co/or TY servicing

One Man Can Erect Fringe Area Antennas 60Dennis Crisp concludes an important article on fringe -area antenna installations

A Prolific Service Component 63C. C. Ternbaugh continues his in-depth story on selecting capacitors

Color Bar/Dot Generators 66A monthly feature that gives the lowdown cn color and other test equipment

Servicing Record Changers Is A 'Snap' 68Homer Davidson reminds us of another easy way to make more money in the servicebusiness

Two -Way Community Repeaters 72Frank Genochio comes up with another approach to the two-way radio business.

DEPARTMENTSLetters to the Editor 22 Colorfax 78

26 New Products 80

Technical Digest 28 New Literature 96

Sync on Busiress 42 News of the Industry 101

Tough Dogs 76 Advertisers Index 106

Editor's Memo

Group 157 September 1965

GENERAL ELECTRIC Color TV Chassis CB

MOTOROLA: Color TV Chassis TS -914A00

through A-07

RCA VICTOR: Color TV Chassis CTC17X

SEPTEMBER 1965 21

There's a tool right herefor any soldering need.And you know it's best

because it's from

Dual Heat Soldering Guns.Weller guns reach full soldering temperature up to40% faster than other guns. Up to 28% greater solder-ing efficiency. Two trigger positions let you switchinstantly to low heat for soldering near heat -sensitivecomponents-or high heat when you need it. Spot-light illuminates work. Three models cover all needs:100/140 watts-Model 8200 - $5.95 list145/210 watts-Model D-440 - $9.95 list240/325 watts-Model D-550-$10.95 list

"------1.111"Pencil" Soldering Iron. Small, lightweight, efficient.A 25 -watt, 115 volt iron that weighs only 134 ounces. Yet it does the work of ironsthat weigh twice as much and have much higher wattage. You can hold andmaneuver it as easily as a pencil. Recovers heat rapidly. Maximum tip temper-ature 860°F. With 1/4" screwdriver tip and cord. Model W-PS-$5.20 list.

Temperature -Controlled Low -Voltage Soldering Pencil.New! For universal soldering including heavy-duty chassis work. Temperaturecontrol is in the tip. Interchangeable tips give a choice of 500°F, 600°F, 700°F and800°F controlled temperatures. Operates on 24 volts. Small, lightweight, highlyefficient. Complete with 'As" 700°F tip and 60 watt, 120 volt, 50/60 cycle powerunit which has stand for soldering pencil attached. Model W-TCP-$26.00 list.

AT YOUR ELECTRONIC PARTS DISTRIBUTOR

WELLER ELECTRIC CORP., EASTON, PA.In Canada: Weller Electric Corp., 121 Counter Street, Kingston, Ontario

WORLD LEADER IN SOLDERING TECHNOLOGY

... for more details circle 64 on postcard

ji LETTERSI TO THE EDITOR

Precision Tester ChartsPlease inform Howard Williams of

Monroeville, N. J. (July Letters to theEditor) that Precision tube charts arenow available from Coletronics Serv-ice, Inc., at 78-63 76th St., Glendale,LI., N. Y. 11227.

SID'S SERVICEBronx, N. Y.

We also received dozens of lettersfrom other readers who gave this in-formation. Thanks to all. -Ed.

Time To LiveI have enjoyed reading ELECTRONIC

TECHNICIAN very much. I can say thatit is one magazine that no active serv-ice technician can be without. But Ihave now reached age 77 and amgiving up active TV -radio servicing. Ireally regret having to give up such awonderful service magazine. My wifeand I are planning to visit our childrenand grandchildren, nieces and neph-ews, scattered all over the states ofNew York, Tennessee, Alabama,Louisiana, Nebraska, Arizona andFlorida. Wish you much continuedsuccess.

HENRY H. CARTERNew Orleans, La.

Tips For Soldering GunWonder if any reader could help me

get soldering iron tips for a Gregg 250w (G250A) soldering gun. All sup-plies are gone here and I have had noanswer to my letters from the com-pany in Lawrence, Mass.

BOB BAPTISTErie, Pa.

Grundig & Telefunken PartsRegarding D. J. Matthew's letter in

July Letters to the Editor. A year ortwo ago I had to order some parts foreither Grundig or Telefunken fromGermany. The service was good, infact the parts arrived air parcel postjust 72 hours after they were mailed.The supplier is Rudolf Axtmann,Erlangen, Heuwegstrasse 8, Germany.

WILLIAM SCHLICKBERND, JR.Chadron, Neb.

Offers TEKFAXI have the complete series of TEK-

FAX for the years 1959 through 1964.I have retired and don't need them. Ifound ET interesting and helpful dur-ing the years I was active and it seemsto have improved recently.

J. McGUIRESt. Michel, P.Q., Canada

22 ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN

YOUR SYLVANIA DISTRIBUTOR CAN

ANALYZE YOURNEEDS

You'll find your Sylvania Distributor a specialist inindustrial and commercial tube types for your equip-ment inventories, automatic maintenance programs,new product improvements...and at the right prices.

It's well worth your while to sit down with him and

discuss your tube replacement needs. Call yourAuthorized Sylvania Distributor soon. He might evensave you a few headaches.

Electronic Tube Division, Sylvania ElectronicComponents Group.

SYIYANIASUBSIDIARY OF

GENERAL TELEPHONE & ELECTRONICS &NEW CAPABILITIES IN: ELECTRONIC TUBES SEMICONDUCTORS MICROWAVE DEVICES SPECIAL COMPONENTS DISPLAY DEVICES

SEPTEMBER 1965 23

LETTERSTO THE EDITOR

A New Subscriber CommentsI have subscribed to your magazine

for the past nine months and want tosay it's the best of its kind. I needmore info on the Certified Engineer-ing Program ...

D. R. ORAVECTallmadge, Ohio

We have forwarded more than 800similar requests from readers to the

0

U

-0--

Jackson

Institute for the Certification of Engi-neering Technicians, 2029 K. St.,N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. Pleasedirect all further requests for informa-tion to the Institute. Ed.

Transistor QuestionsI would like to call your attention

to "Transistor Circuit Fundamentals,"an article by William Ganglinger, Jr.,which appeared on page 55 of the May1965 issue of ELECTRONIC TECHNI-CIAN; specifically to Fig. 8 on page 56,where it is mentioned that Ico meas-urements were taken as follows: (re-ferring to Fig. 8).

Model 825 Picture Tube Tester/ Booster

lookat all the valuable andprofitable functions

419

11 01111_ -

the most versatile andaccurate of all CRTtesters...for all

BLACK/WHITEand COLOR ;-

PICTURETUBES...

Tests for continuity, leakage, emission, picturetube cut-off and life -expectancy Removesshorts Welds cathode Boosts picture tubeback to life

lookat these brilliantly engi-neered Jackson features

12 separate heater voltages including color Line indicator control for accurate voltages Grid guard limits peak current for protec-tion of picture tube Checks each color gunseparately Plug-in socket cable for easy re-placement or repair Separate variable volt-ages applied to Gl-G2 of picture tube

lookat all these convenientoperational features

Color keyed-push buttons for ease and speedin testing FM tuning eye...no separate lightsto interpolate Angled view roll chart onpanel...tube set-up information at your fin-gertips Easy to keep up -datedSize: 143/1" IVA-13' 2" Dv.53/.i" H.

Wt.: 13 lbs. 3 oz. Dealer Net 11,95

See your Jackson distributor. or write for catalog

0z

m

JACKSON ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT COMPANY124 McDonough Street, Daylon 2, 0

da: William Cohen Corp. Export: Morhan Exporting Cye., Montreal 458 Broalist New York 13, N.Y.

IIS A JACKSON...IT''N THE FINEST

Is is not correct that Ico Iceo =the reverse biased collector diode cur-rent with the emitter open -circuited,and would be measured as shown?

ROBERT V. FLOYDRidgewood, N.Y.

The author replies: "It is immaterialwhether the emitter junction is shortedor not. The emitter itself does notcome into consideration in this check.Actually, either method is viable. Themethod shown in ET merely shortsout the emitter junction and makes itcompletely passive." Does this answeryour question? -Ed.

We Helped. . . Now that the little problems are

taken care of, let me thank you andcongratulate you for the terrific jobyou are doing. We have recently setup a "tough dog" specialty shop forTV and transistor gear and can thankET for contributing greatly to knowl-edge needed in this type of operation.

WAYNE RODERICKPocatello, Idaho

Needs Capacitor Analyzer ManualI am looking for the instruction

manual of a SOLAR "exam-eter"model CE capacitor analyzer. I havewritten to the manufacturer and theletter came back that they have goneout of business. Could an ET readerhelp me?

Ross R. SHERMANSchaghticoke, N. Y.

Slight Problem... Like your magazine very much,

but am sorry the Industrial sectionwas discontinued. One other slightbeef: I find I have a problem withTEKFAX as printed in May issue. Ipunch them and file in a loose leafbinder. Can't be done with May issue.Please, let's have the old format inthe future. Thanks for an otherwisevery excellent magazine.

ED BLOCHGlen Cove, N.Y.

We plan to include some industrialelectronics articles when possible.TEKFAX is running color TV sche-matics in that form because of theirsize.-Ed.

24

. . . for more details circle 38 on postcard


Have you tried new QUIG connectors?

Not just another wire spring connector!

The 3 -in -1 QUIG is brand new and different ...f flux and an

Cop-

perweld wire inner core, a sayer o

outer jacket of solder . . . all you need is hear

ed solderingpossible!

Makes one-hand

Once again, Sprague helps the TV -radio service indus-try by solving two increasingly serious problems . . .

parts replacement in those "inaccessible" chassis nooks,such as crowded tube sockets, as well as soldering ontothe delicate circuitry of printed wiring boards.

Mechanically sturdy and electrically reliable, therevolutionary QUIG provides fast, expertly-sclderedconnections as easy as A -B -C!

OSlip on

QUIG

Ten timesactual size

0 Heat QUIG,

Connection Made!

NOM ELSE 1145 0010 CONNECTORS...

YOU GET 'EN ONLY FROM SPRAGUE PRODUCTS!QUIGS are now being packed with Sprague Atom® Capacitors at no extra cost toyou! Whenever you need tubular electrolytics, insist on pre-packaged Sprague Atomsfrom your parts distributor and you'll automaticallyget your QUIG component connectors . . . the biggestboon to the service technician since the soldering gun!

SPRAGUETHE MARK OF RELIABILITY

WORLD'S LARGEST MANUFACTURER OF CAPACITORS

SEPTEMBER 1965

for more details circle 58 on postcard

25

EDITORS' MEMO

HANG

/,

Columbia Wire's Permalinetelevision transmission cablecosts a few cents more, butit's well worth it. Permaline Isthe only television wire availableof such quality that it canbe guaranteed, in writing, for15 and 25 years.Columbia Wire is proud to saythat in ten years we have neverhad to replace as much asone foot of Permaline forreasons of deterioration.Columbia Permaline haselectrical characteristics similarto those of ordinary brownpolyethylene lines but thedifference is, a small amountof carbon black that is addedto a virgin compound to protectthe transmission line fromultraviolet rays of sunlight.Install Permaline and you willbe assured of a happy customer

. , and repeat business ... buts not for a new television cable.

Permaline is Available FromYour Local Distributor.Write for samples and literature.

6-oieumSeaAED WIRE & SUPPLY CO.2850 Irving Park Road Chicago 18, Illinois


SERIES AP30PATENTS PENDING

Now anAtlas Sound

speaker thatcan do more

than any one speakercould do before

and all you need is ascrewdriver to mount,connect and adjust it

New Series AP -30 install easier,faster and better with built-in trans-formers, screw -to -line terminals andwatts/impedance switch. Very highefficiency is thrifty with amplifierpower for low level reinforcement.The speakers are 30 watts rugged forpenetration over distance and noise.

From solderless installation toquality performance on the job, fourweather -sealed AP -30 models coveryour requirements for most single andmultiple installations.

From $23.10 net.For the complete Professional Series

AP -30 story, ask for catalog ET -J19

4111110. ATLAS SOUND, Division ofATiAs soulD American Trading and Production Corporation

1419-51 39th Street, Brooklyn, New York 11218Canada: Atlas Radio Corporation, Toronto

THIRTY YEARS OF LEADERSHIP IN COMMERCIAL SOUND

It Won't Go Away

The demand for skilled and fastservice on solid-state home entertain-ment equipment is increasing. But toomany technicians are attempting toprovide service without being tech-nically prepared and equipped. Hence,a simple adjustment or insignificantrepair frequently ends up as a self-inflicted "dog" or a burned -up circuit.And once again the entire industrysuffers another black eye.

A significant number among ushave failed to keep up with develop-ments in solid-state technology. Anda few still won't even support colorTV. They prefer to wait for that will -o -the -wisp of never -arriving perfectionto come rocketing around a cornerthat's infinitely long.

Practically every major FM/stereo,phono, Hi Fi package and componentmanufacturer will have 100 percentsolid-state equipment on the marketby the end of this year. What is more,despite a recent temporary lull in homeentertainment solid-state developmentscaused by a roaring color business, TVsets are also moving rapidly towardhybrid or total solid-state form.

Some manufacturers repeatedlyclaim that the real reason they offeror plan to offer factory -type service tothe public is because of a shortage ofqualified, dependable independentsable to give the kind of service thepublic demands. Whether this is trueor false is not an issue here.

The claim can be affirmed or it canbe refuted. It can be refuted only ifour unprepared cohorts move fast.They can refute it by learning thebasics of solid-state circuitry and tech-niques for servicing the equipmentrapidly and effectively. Or they canignore the sights and sounds of solid-state equipment and affirm the claim.The choice is theirs.

In any case, they can safely bettheir last dollar that solid-state cir-cuitry will keep coming at them likea mad bull - and it won't go away.

. . . for more details circle 15 on postcard26 ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN

Pw/IVCa CoA1N0TRE-rn-kr

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FINCO's Color-Ve-Log challenges all competit on! Its

swept -element design assures the finest in brilliant colorand sharply defined black and white television recep-tion - as well as superb FM monaural and stereo quality.

FINCO Model UVF-18-$42.50 listFINCO Model UVF-16 - $30.50 listFINCO Model UVF-10-$18.50 list

FINCO Model VL-18-$54.50 listFINCO Model VL-15-$46.95 listFl NCO Model VL-7 - $23.95 listFINCO Model VL-5 -$16.95 list

Featuring FINCO's exclusive Gold Corod zing

FINCO COLOR-VE-LOGPrices and specifications subject to change without notice

THE FINNEY COMPANY 34 W. Interstate Street Bedford, OhioWrite for beautiful color brochures Number 20-322, and 20-307, Dept. 110


SEPTEMBER 196527

)IUIIEPARAIO

R101 UR

r

L/ PIORIZ OSC " Yu/V OP It0C68

11ICRIZ

"1 71 .77 A ZQ1111 PALI

EMERSONTV Chassis 120771-Circuit Descriptions Sync Separator, AFC,Horizontal Oscillator and Horizontal Sweep.

The basic function of the sync separator circuit isto remove the video from the composite signal while re-taining the sync pulses necessary for proper operation ofthe vertical and horizontal oscillator circuits.

The sync -positive signal which drives the base of thesync separator transistor is taken from a tap on the videoamplifier collector load to obtain the correct amplitudefor driving the sync separator and to avoid excessive load-ing of the video amplifier. The video information of thissignal charges C43, and holds the sync separator transistorin an almost off state until such time as a positive syncpulse appears at C43. This slight forward biasing helpsto provide clean sync on weak signals. The transistor isturned on only for the duration of the positive pulse atits base, at which time the collector voltage drops, result-ing in negative sync pulses at the collector for applica-tion to the vertical integrator and horizontal phase detec-tor circuits. The vertical sync is taken from a tap on thecollector load resistance to provide the proper amplitudefor the vertical oscillator. Horizontal sync is taken directlyfrom the collector of the sync separator.

Horizontal sync is applied, through C51, to the base ofthe horizontal phase splitter, Q1. At the collector of Q1an amplified positive pulse exists and at the emittor anegative version of the same pulse appears. These twoopposite pulses are fed to the phase detector diodes X5and X6. A reference pulse taken from the primary ofthe high voltage transformer is applied to the other sideof these diodes and compared to the sync pulses. Anydifference in phase between the sync pulses and the re-ference pulse will appear as a dc level on the base of thehorizontal control transistor, Q12, resulting in variationsof collector current proportional to the phase difference.A change in the collector current of this transistor willchange the effective capacitance of the circuit consistingof C60, C59 and L8. This capacitive change will resultin a shift of phase, so as to correct for possible variationsin horizontal output phase.

The frequency -controlled horizontal oscillator is asine wave Hartley type and is tunable by varying theimpedance of L8 (horizontal hold control). A low im-

SO COS

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DAMPER

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pedance winding on L,8 couples the oscillator to the baseof the horizortal driver (Q14). This stage reduces load-ing on the oscillator, thus improving stability.

The horizontal yoke current is supplied by a gate-controlled switch (GCS1). This is a fairly recent develop-ment in the solid state field. The action of this diode issimilar to a grid -controlled thyratron tube except thatthe anode current can also be shut off by a negativepulse on the gate. Conduction does not occur in the GCSuntil a substantial amount of forward voltage is presentat the anode. The anode voltage required for conductioncan be varied, however, by the application of a positivevoltage to the gate lead. In this circuit the anode voltageis constant and conduction is obtained by the applicationof a positive pulse at the gate. Conduction ceases whenthe pulse goes negative.

Conduction of the GCS permits current to flowthrough C65 and the yoke. The rise of this current islimited by the inductance of the yoke and its durationis limited by the length of the positive pulse applied tothe gate. The relatively short duration of the GCS gatepulse causes the yoke current to rise in a linear manneruntil the GCS is turned off by the negative -going sideof the gate pulse. At this time the yoke current falls rapid-ly toward its previous level. The damper diode (X8)across the yoke inhibits further oscillations after retrace,and conducts only after retrace when its cathode swingsnegative.

The GCS is turned on again slightly before the yokecurrent reaches zero, so as to provide a smooth transitionof current from the damper diode to the GCS.

The high voltage transformer (T9) supplies the CRTvoltage of 12 kv through the high voltage rectifier (V2).

GENERAL ELECTRICTV Chassis QX, QY and Early EA - CRT Replacement

The following 16 in. CRTs, with bonded plastic implo-sion plates, will not be manufactured when current stocksare exhausted: 16ATP4 All QX, 16AZP4 All QY,16BUP4 Early EA models M501A, M505A. Replace thesetubes with type 16BYP4. This tube is equipped with tensionband implosion protection. This tube requires a minoralteration to the plastic cabinet. To alter the cabinet, re-move approximately 4 in. of the plastic rib which sur-

\01300 GOWN

0-14NOR ASTS

C00100.'S

ITCH

ICS

V

10011.COIS9

Sync Separator and Horizontal Circuits, Emerson 120771 Chassis.

28ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN

Fall lineup ofSTANDARD KOLLSMANTelevision Stars'Maturing the fastest rising star in the TV tuner industry.

Now available for replacement profits.P

EW I I OLLSMAN COLOR and black and whitVHF ARBOR TUNER WITH PRE-SET F NE TUNIN

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in the United States since 1956. A simple adjustment of the knobautomatically adjusts the oscillators for easy, perfect tuning.

Specially designed brackets permit simple installations in anyposition-guaranteed to eliminate all previous mechanical

problems of replacement installations.Three new models to sell.

New SKi Arbor Tuner installed with the SKi UCT-051 UHFTuner converts any set into a modern 82 channel -V.

*** ***** ***** * ** * * * **Sell the custom lookSTANDARD KOLLSMANBUILT-IN Transistorized

4( UHF ConverterUCT-051

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Easy to read dial calibrated to read at any angle regardless of insta1a-4 tion position4( Easy tuning high -ratio ball bearing drive

Reliable service -free tuning element All UHF channels -14 through 83 Built-in safeguards against interference with other TV sets in vicinity Excellent for replacement of defective tuners Quick and easy way to make TV trade-ins saleable

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4

Only brand new parts used 48 hour service on all SK tuners Latest testing techniques to assure proper alignment No hidden costs-$11.50 plus parts ... $13.50 maximum cost $3.00 Trade-in allowance on new tuner. 6 month guarantee Special shipping cartons to avoid damage in transit

4*4

44(

4(

4

********************INTRODUCING WORLD'S MOST BEAUTIFUL

BEST PERFORMING TRANSISTOR

UHF CONVERTER

Model TA

Earns more profit because it's easier to sell More picture power with latest nuvistor amplifier circuits Easy tuning Exceeds minimum F.C.C. requirements for spurious

radiation specifications Very low drift Easy hook up All channels 14 through 83 U.L. listed Full year warranty on all parts and workmanship.

*****-4 *44 -4 4- * * -4** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *NEW UHF TRANSLATOR MULTI PURPOSE TESTEQUIPMENT AND DEMONSTRATOR Translates VHF to UHF even when no UHF

signals are on a.r Saves Time Servicing all Channel TV Sets Easier to Sell All Channel TV sets

VUT-1

ottTRAM5lT OR

*4 #4 4444 44444i -Y- -4-4***********FOR MORE PROFIT FOR THE SERVICE DEALER GREATER CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

GUARANTEED BY THE WORLD'S LARGEST

MANUFACTURER OF TELEVISION TUNERS

Standard KollsmanNOINOUSTRIES INC.

AL 2085 NORTH HAWTHORNE AVE.. MELROSE PARK, ILLINOIS

TECHNICAL DIGEST

COMPLETE TUNER

OVERHAUL

ALL MAKES - ONE PRICE

95

ALL LABORAND PARTS(EXCEPT TUBES& TRANSISTORS)*

4.-

0.1s'Itt$

UNF COLOR 114

4t(MOUTH

COLOR TUNERSGUARANTEED COLOR

ALIGNMENT - NOADDITIONAL CHARGE

Simply send us the defective tuner complete; include tubes,shield cover and any damaged parts with model numberand complaint. Your tuner will be expertly overhauled andreturned promptly, performance restored, aligned to originalstandards and warranted for 90 days.UV combination tuner must be single chassis type; dismantletandem UHF and VHF tuners and send in the defective unitonly.Exact Replacements are available for tuners unfit for over-haul. As low as $12.95 exchange. (Replacements are new orrebuilt.)And remember-for over a decade Castle has been the leaderin this specialized field . .. your assurance of the best inTV tuner overhauling.

Pioneers of TV 0 Tuner Overhauling

CASTLETV TUNER SERVICE, INC.

MAIN PLANT: 57 13 N. Western Ave., Chicago 45, Illinois

EAST: 41-92 Vernon Blvd , long Island City I, N Y.CANADA 116 Main Street, Toronto 13. Ontario

'Major Parts are additional in Canada

rounds the picture tube. This allows the clamp on thetension band to fit properly into the cabinet. The illus-tration shows the area to be cut out and the dimension.The plastic can be easily snipped out with side cutters.

11

CENTER

4 INCHES

CUT OUT FOR TUBE STRAP

OANODE

0

SYLVANIAAll 1965 TV Sets-Transistor Noise Gate Operation

A transistor noise gate is incorporated in all 1965set for better noise suppression. The unit is located inseries with the sync separator. Noise picked up fromthe detector output opens the sync separator circuit soit cannot trigger the sweep circuits.

The operation of the transistor noise gate located inthe sync separator cathode circuit may be checked asfollows:

Advance the AGC control as far as possible whilestill maintaining a stable picture. Short the noise gatetransistor's base to its emitter (ground). The pictureshould have a tendency to bend and be otherwise unstableif the noise gate is operating properly since this partiallyopens the transistor.

If the transistor is shorted it may not be noticed unlessthe set is installed in a fringe area or an area where agreat deal of noise is present. When the transistor is openthe picture will be unstable.

PONTIACRadio Chassis-Model 7291582 Production Change in RF Stage

A portion of the F amplifier stage used in early pro-duction of this chassis is shown at "A" in the schematic.The same portion of the RF amplifier as revised and used

iDS- 51 RF AMP2.0V 0.8V

I2.2V I2.5V

12.4V I2.7V

06V R4470 0.7V R4

I.2K

in later production is shown at "B." The result of thischange is a minor increase in sensitivity which may notbe noticeable. The important point is that the normalvoltage readings differ somewhat.

... for more details circle 21 on postcard30 ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN

The newAmphenol 860Color Commandercuts alignment timein half!

Ever finish a convergence jobto find the raster off center.Lose convergence when you re -centered? Can't happen with theAmphenol Color Commander, bat-tery -powered, solid-state color gen-erator. A special, single -crossbar patternconsists of one horizontal and one vertical line,crossing just where the center of the rastershould be. No need to guess when centering theraster with this new pattern.See dots before your eyes when you want onlyone to start static convergence? The 860 givesyou that single dot, right at center screen. You'llbe switching back to this important dot duringdynamic adjustment to make sure you haven'tgone off the track.Even the old patterns offer something new.Line spacing in the cross -hatch pattern is rigidlymaintained for the 4:3 aspect ratio. You canrely on it for linearity, height, and width adjust-ments. The pattern gives you finely etched linewidth at normal brightness levels. What goodis perfect convergence at reduced brightness ifyou lose it when the set's readjusted for normalviewing? This special crosshatch also eliminatesreceiver fine-tuning error. Among the 860'snine (most generators have only 5 or 6) are:multiple -dot, single vertical line, single hori-zontal line, vertical lines only, and horizontallines only.Finally, the Color Commander's unique colorbar pattern (just three bars: R-Y, B -Y and-R-Y)simplify color adjustments. You can geta rapid, overall check of color circuits. Thenadjust color demodulator phase or pre-set thehue control and check its operating range. Ineach step, you know precisely how the colorbars should look and how they should changeduring adjustment.

A new timingcircuit elimin-ates instabilityand loss -of -syncproblems. Silicon tran-sistors maintain built-in precision and stabilityindefinitely. RF output is on channel 3 or 4,switch selected. An attenuator simulates weak -signal conditions. It has gun killer circuit. Uses9 penlight cells. Weighs 31/2 lbs. in compactleatherette carrying case. $149.95. Optional ACpower supply, $19.95.AMPHENOL CRT COMMANDER, MODEL 855.Solid-state. Checks all black -and -white or colorCRT's with the same techniques used by tubemanufacturers. Rejuvenates where others fail.Versatile 5 -socket cable accommodates 7 dif-ferent sockets. With CRT chart, $89.95.See the new Color Commander test instrumentsat your Amphenol distributor.

AmphEnoL

DISTRIBUTOR DIVISIONamphenol corporation

2675 S. 25th Ave., Broadview, III 60155

SEPTEMBER 1965


31

WORLD'S LARGEST SELLING

Hand Sizev ws

V'.1 I 1) L771.

MODEL 310Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter

MODEL 310-CVolt- hm-Milhammet

1HAND SIZE AND LIGHTWEIGHT, but with thefeatures of full-size V -O -M's.

20,000 OHMS PER VOLT DC; 5,000 AC (310)-15,000 AC (310-C).

3EXCLUSIVE SINGLE SELECTOR SWITCH speedscircuit and range settings. The first miniatureV -O -M's with this exclusive feature for quick, fool-proof selection of all ranges.

SELF -SHIELDED Bar -Ring instrument; permits checking instrong magnetic fields. FITTING INTERCHANGEABLE testprod tip into top of tester makes it the common probe,thereby freeing one hand. UNBREAKABLE plastic meterwindow. BANANA -TYPE JACKS-positive connection andlong life.Model 310-$37.50 Model 310-C-$44.50

Model 369 Leather Case-$3.20

310-C PLUS FEATURES1. Fully enclosed lever range switch2. 15,000 Ohms per volt AC (20,000 0/V DC same as 310)3. Reversing switch for DC measurements

MODELS 100 AND 100-CComprehensive test sets. Model 100 includes: Model 310V.O.M., Model 10 Clamp -on Ammeter Adapter; Model 101Line Separator; Model 379 Leather Case; Model 311 leads.($67.10 Value Separate Unit Purchase Price.)

MODEL 100-U.S.A. User Net. . .$64.50MODEL 100-C-Same as above, but withModel 310-C. Net $71.50

ALL PRICES ARE SUGGESTED U.S.A. USER NET, SUBJECT TO CHANGE

THE TRIPLETT ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CO., BLUFFTON, OHIO

New Conduction Cooling System

For 2 -Way Tubes

A new development in the technology of conductioncooled electron tubes may result in lower costs forradio communications equipment and provide designengineers with more flexibility.

Conventional conduction cooling systems have theberyllia brazed to the tube. When a replacement isneeded, the conduction cooling system has to be re-placed as well - even if still good.

A system has been developed that uses a separateberyllia cooling block that is clamped to the tube'sanode. This makes a flexible cooling system possible.When the tube fails, only the tube need be replaced.

Conduction cooling is ideal for those applicationswhere cooling air or water cannot be used and whereradiation cooling is not sufficient. Conduction coolingresults in more reliable equipment by making it possi-ble to dispense with blowers, air filters, and othermechanical parts.

A compact power tetrode has already been de-signed with the new system and it is expected to findextensive use in both fixed and mobile equipment, notonly for the popular commercial 50, 150 and 470Mc communications bands, but for SSB and point-to-point AM and FM communications.

The tube is made with metal and ceramic construc-tion for use as an RF power amplifier at frequenciesup to 500 Mc. It will produce 270 w output at fre-quencies up to 500 Mc, and 270 w output at 175 Mcfrom 4 w drive as a class C amplifier under CCS con-ditions, the manufacturer stated. At 470 Mc, 12 wdriving power is required.

It was also said that the tube's plate dissipationis solely a function of the parameters of the conductioncooling system - if the system is able to conductsufficient heat, the full maximum input power of 500w may be safely dissipated in the event drive poweris lost. Under normal circumstances the plate dissipa-tion is that difference which exists between the powerinput and power output which is a function of tubeand circuit efficiency.

Cross-sectional diagram of new conduction cooling system designedby Amperex Electronic Corp.



YOU GET PRODUCT PLUS FROM YOUR SYLVANIA DISTRIBUTOR

This 12 -page booklet can help you boostyour business and profits.

It shows you how to promote the manyservices you specialize in.

It details the signs, clocks, displays,caddies, uniforms, reference literatureand business aids available to you fromyour Sylvania distributor.

Some are free; others are offered atcost plus handling. sEyiehmianiEcIcecotrmopnoicneTnutbseGDroivuip ssione,

neca Falls, N. 1'. 13148

Sylvania Electronic Components Group1100 Main StreetBuffalo, New York 14209

Please send me my free copy of Sylvania's Dealer Catalog ofBusiness Builders.

NAMF

COMPANY

ADDRESS

CITY_ _STATE ZIP CODE_-_

L- J

SYLVANIAGEBSNDIEARRAOFLTELEPHONE & ELECTRONICS GTE

SEPTEMBER 1965 33

top money maker inthe service business

FLAT AUDIO CABLE

NEW IMPROVED SENCORE CR133

CRT CHECKER & REJUVENATOR

The new, improved CR133 CRT Checker is designed totest all present picture tubes - and it's ready for futuretubes too! Two plug-in replaceable cables contain allsockets required. The compact, 10 lb., CR133 checks CRTemission, inter -element shorts, control grid cut-off capa-bilities, gas and expected life. Checks all tubes: conven-tional B&W, new low drive B&W, round color tubes andnew rectangular color picture tubes. Exclusive variableG2 Volts from 25 to 325 Volts insures non -obsolescencewhen testing newly announced "semi -low" G2 CRT tubes.New Line Voltage Adjustment insures the most accuratetests possible. Uses well -filtered DC for all checks to avoidtube damage and reading errors. Color guns are indi-vidually tested as recommended by manufacturers. Ex-clusive automatically controlled rejuvenator applies re-juvenation (ACR) voltage as required by individual tubecondition; precisely timed to prevent over -rejuvenation ortube damage. The ACR feature is most useful for colortube current equalization to insure propertracking. Hand -wired and steel -encased for tprotection of meter and panel in truck or 4shop, the new improved CR133 is only . . .

The famous CR128 CRT Checker and Rejuvenator is similarto above, but with a three position G2 slide switch andwithout Line Voltage Adjustment at $69.95

professional quality - that's the difference!

SIVC01=t426 SOUTH WESTGATE DRIVE ADDISON, ILLINOIS


A flat cable designed especially for custom stereo,Hi Fi, intercom or background music systems has fourNo. 22 AWG stranded wires embedded in a flat vinylstrip, with an adhesive backing that will adhere to anyclean, relatively smooth, firm surface.

Known as "Scotchflex" No. 800, the cable was de-signed for audio specialists and technicians who needa slightly heavier system to carry an extra load or op-erate over extended distances. It is adaptable to nearlyevery type of music or intercom arrangement and toany room or building, the manufacturer reported.

A series of accessories for termination, splicing andtransition connections are also available. These includeterminals, four -post transition devices for connectingamplifiers or speakers to the cable system; units forsplicing flat cable when extending the main system;plugs and receptacles to connect amplifiers or speakersinto the system and corner covers to protect and securecorners made with the cable.

The cable may also be modified for long run appli-cations by using shorting bars which parallel -connectadjacent wires to provide the equivalent of a 19 -gage,two -conductor system. The shorting bars are providedwith individual terminals or connectors.

The cable has a rated current capacity of 4.5 ampper conductor, with a resistance of 0.01652 per conduc-tor foot at 68'F. The cable is said to be chemicallyinert to moisture and most common solvents, once ap-plied to a dry surface. The insulation material mayalso be painted over with any common house paint.It is manufactured by the 3M Co.

"I can shipanytime

day or night...

that's why I always specify Greyhound Package Express!"Greyhound Package Express never stops for lunch,never quits at five, never sleeps at night. Not on week-days. Not on weekends. Not even on holidays. Yourshipments travel on regular Greyhound buses ... viafast, frequent Greyhound schedules. Your shipmentsget moving faster so they can arrive sooner. Packagesshipped hundreds of miles frequently arrive the very

same day. And even on longer trips, overnight deliver-ies are routine. Save time! Save money! Save trou-ble, too! Ship C.O.D., Collect, Prepaid or open aGreyhound Package Express Charge Account.

For information on service, rates and routes, callGreyhound, or write: Greyhound Package Express,Dept. 53-1, 140 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. 60603.

It's there in hours... and costs you lessFor Example Buses Daily Running Time 20 lbs. 30 lbs. 40 lbs."

DALLAS-SAN ANTONIO

10 7 hrs. 15 min. $1.90 $2.15 $2.45

CINCINNATI-LOUISVILLE

14 2 hrs. 20 min. 1.65 1.90 2.15

CLEVELAND -COLUMBUS

10 3 hrs. 5 min. 1.80 2.05 2.40

LOS ANGELES-SAN FRANCISCO

28 9 hrs. 20 min. 2.10 2.45 2.80

'Other low rates up to 100 lbs.

One of a series of messages depicting another growing service of The Greyhound Corporation.. . . for more details circle 33 on postcard

35

(3 R EY11 U I) IExPnEss b

SEPTEMBER 1965

The move's on to

hIERROLTM

best for color ... best for black -&-whitebest for FM best for business

The days of twinlead are numbered. Spurred by Jerrold'sintroduction of Coloraxial, both the TV trade and the publicare moving unmistakably towards this revolutionary shield-ed coaxial antenna system-not only for great color TV,but for black -&-white and FM stereo too.

And, starting this Fall, a big national advertising pro-gram in TV Guide will have your customers asking evenmore for the perfection in reception that only Coloraxialoffers.

So important is 75 -ohm Coloraxial in your future thatJerrold now offers a wider line than ever of Coloraxialproducts to meet every reception need from metropolitanto deepest fringe areas. On these pages are described a

COLORAXIAL MATCHING TRANSFORMERSAND KITS .Model TO -374A mast -mountingtransformer converts any existing 300 -ohmoutdoor antenna to 75 -ohm Coloraxial operation. Model T378 mounts on set tomatch it to 75 -ohm coax. Available sepa-rately or as a set in Kit Model CAT -2.

complete range of Coloraxial antennas with 75 -ohm out-put; matching transformers for converting existing 300 -ohm antennas to Coloraxial operation; Coloraxial Powermatepreamplifiers; and 50- and 75 -foot lengths of Coloraxialcable complete with screw -on fittings. One of the easiest-and most profitable-jobs you can do is install a Color -

system.There's a pocket-size Jerrold Blue Book waiting for you

at your distributor's. It's yours to use in figuring installedColoraxial prices for your customers. The Jerrold BlueBook is just one part of a big five -part program your dis-tributor has ready to help you sell Coloraxial installationsthis Fall. Talk to him now.

COLORAXIAL SHIELDED CABLE Here's the heart ofevery Coloraxial installation-the reason for it all.Coloraxial is the highest -quality shielded RG-59/Ucable, factory sweep -tested and complete with screwfittings and a weatherboot for the outdoor connec-tion. Models CAB -50 and CAB -75 contain 50 and 75feet of cable respectively. Model K -CAB -50 contains50 feet of cable and one each of Model T0 -374Aand T378 matching transformers.

COLORAXIAL POWERMATES The coaxialversions of the transistor antenna ampli-fier that set an industry standard, made"fringe area" a thing of the past. ModelSPC-103 has two transistors, Model SPC-132 ''DeSnower" has five transistors intwo -stage preamp-postamp. Both Power -mates are pre -matched to antenna andreceiver, making separate matching trans-formers unnecessary.

COLORAXIAL COLORGUARD ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA KITSLike all the antennas shown here, Coloraxial Colorguardsare already equipped with 75 -ohm output to coaxialdownlead. Three models (CAX-16, 17, and 18) for metro-politan and suburban reception areas. Model CAX-16 isalso available in kit form with 5 -foot mast and trimount,CAB -50 cable with fittings and weatherboot, and set -mounting T378 matching transformer-everything youneed for a complete Coloraxial installation.

COLORAXIAL PATHFINDER VHF/UHF/FM ANTENNAS The first all -channel antennas with 75 -ohm output and individualorientation of VHF and UHF sections in one hinged unit.All the flexibility of separate antennas without splitterlosses. You have a choice of five PATHFINDER models,PXB-30, 45, 50. 70, 90.

COLORAXIAL PARALOG FM ANTENNAS FM stereo needsColoraxial too! So the outstanding Paralog FM antennaline is now offered also with Coloraxial 75 -ohm output.Three models, FMPX-8, 10, and 16.

COLORAXIAL Stratophonic FM YAGI AND KIT This fine five -element yagi antenna, pre -matched to 75 -ohm Color -axial operation, keeps stereo signals in, keeps inter-ference out. Model FAX -5, available also in kit formwith mast, trimount, 50 feet of cable with fittings andweatherboot, and set -mounting matching transformer-everything you need for a complete Coloraxial stereoinstallation.

COLORAXIAL PARALOG TV ANTENNAS The full line of sevenrenowned high -gain Paralog log -periodic VHF antennasis now available pre -matched to 75 -ohm Coloraxial cable.In the wide range of Paralogs (Models PAX -40, 60, 100,130, 160, 190, and 220) you can choose the perfectantenna for metropolitan to deepest fringe reception.

COLORAXIAL PARACYL UHFANTENNAS These five famous all -band UHF antennas, now availablewith 75 -ohm Coloraxialoutput, feature an ex-tended -resonance drive -which assures effectiveoperation over the entireUHF band (Ch. 14 to 83).Models JUX-1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

JERROLD ELECTRONICS CORPORATIONDistributor Sales Division 15th & Lehigh Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 19132

JERROLD

MANUFACTURER'SLIQUIDATION!!!

WE MUST CLOSE OUTTHESE ITEMS AT LESS

THAN OUR COST!All are fully factory guaranteed-brand new in perfectcondition. You know the name ... you know the equip-ment . . . we invite you to compare these close-outprices with any other in the field.

ACT TODAY! THIS OFFER LIMITED

TO EXISTING STOCK ONLY!

HI-FI STEREO ANALYZERMODEL 800

6 INSTRUMENTS IN ONEIt's an AUDIO VTVM

It's an AUDIO SIGNALGENERATOR

It's an HARMONICDISTORTION METERIt's an INTERMODULA-TION DISTORTION METERIt's an AUDIO OUTPUTWATTMETER withSPEAKER LOADSIt's a DB and NOISEMETER

Model 800Dealers Net Price

$169.95OutPrice

DYNAMIC SWEEP & SYNCCIRCUIT ANALYZER

MODEL 8203 INSTRUMENTS IN ONE

0 11/0

Model 820Dealer Net Price

$69.95over 5000 sold

at this price

Horizontal and Verticalsawtooth/square wavegenerator

Complete compatibleflyback and yoke tester

Horizontal and Verticalsync generator

COMPATIBLE FOR COLORAND

BLACK 8, WHITECloseOutPrice

ORDER TODAY! SUPPLIES ARE LIMITEDNo C.O.D. Send check or money order.

w-inatan eLer- &unit:ch.Irip ,

DIVISION Or ( IETRONIC INDUSTRIES, INC /

Main & Cotton Sts.- ---1 Phila. 27, Pa.Manufacturers of Ray Jefferson Marine Products

NEVER

Forget ACustomer

Show them how important they are to youA growing awareness of the importance of personal

attention to customers is developing throughout thebusiness world. That concern shows up in the findingsof the Customer Relations Research Foundation, inPhiladelphia, Pa.

It shows up in customer analysis data accumulatedby various firms across the country.

It shows in the establishment of the ConsumerAdvisory Council and in plans of the National RetailMerchants Association to study "consumer frustration."

It shows up in the "wholesome, happy" advertisingapproach of a large national food processor who isattentive to the housewife's preference for the whole-some sell. The company is winning new business bygiving the customer something for nothing - syrupin a reusable glass pitcher, coffee in a reusable glasscarafe, or apothecary jar, or thermos bottle - orwhatever: the extra gift.

That gift or something extra can come in manyways: the something extra with a purchase or service;a "determination to be good to your customers."

What Business Executives ThinkThe sales executive of a leading chemical company

is quoted as saying, "Providing extra service for ourcustomers has become a way of life for us. It's theonly way to keep up with, or forge ahead of com-petition."

A bank president said recently, "There is no suchthing as an unimportant customer. The best source ofnew business is our present customers."

The list of such statements is seemingly endless andthey come from all sections of the country. But forall that, a great deal is still left to be done in the fieldof customer relations. Not all is sweetness and light.Every day, everywhere, all around us, customers arebeing given, to put it mildly, less than the best treat-ment.

Perhaps this arises because of misunderstanding.Perhaps it is the abruptness or rudeness of some em-ployee, a curt business letter - any of which maymake the customer feel that his business is not ap-preciated. As Joseph M. Segel, Chairman for the Cus-tomer Relations Research Foundation, puts it, "In-difference is the Number One customer killer."

The list of complaints is as seemingly endless asthat of the firms who are working so diligently to keepsuch things from happening in their own business.

Keep Your Image ShiningAll of the dollars spent on advertising, to sell prod-

ucts and services - to create a fine image for yourbusiness - can be washed down the drain by careless,

Continued on page 40... for more details circle 67 on postcard


(ONLY UNTIL SEPTEMBER)

FOR

the GREATEST ADVANCE

in Aa-Cry

Reg. T.M.

GCELECTRONICS

COLOR & BLACK culti WHITE

ANTENNA DESIGN!FROM LOCAL TO DEEP FRINGE AREA RECEPTION

UHF -VHF -FM and FM STEREO

all from ONE LOW -COST ANTENNA LINE

EXP FOR MORE DETAILS, WRITE TO: GC ELECTRONICS400 S. Wyman St., Rockford, Ill.

SEPTEMBER 1965

. , . for more details circle 30 on postcard39

KIT OR ASSEMBLED!Either Way, These HEATH Instruments

Are Your Best Buy!

LAlki Heathkit IM -21 Laboratory AC VTVM. 10 voltage ranges -0.01 to 300 voltsRMS full scale 10 megohm input Z

$33.95Assembled IMW-21Kit 1M-21, 5 lbs

$52.95

E Heathkit VTVM ... Versatile! 7 AC, 7 DC, 7 Ohms ranges Frequencyresponse ± 1 db, 25 cps to 1 mc.Kit IM -11, 5 lbs $24.95Assembled IMW-11 $39.95

Heathkit Wide -Band Oscilloscope 5 mc bandwidth Sweep 10 cps to 500kc 5' screen with graticuleKit 10-12, 24 lbs $76.95Assembled 10W-12 $126.95

E Heathkit IM -13 "Service Bench"VTVM 7 AC, 7 DC, 7 Ohms ranges Extra -large 6' meter Gimbal mountingKit IM -13, 7 lbs $32.95Assembled I MW -13 $49.95

E Heathkit Power SuppliesKit IP-32, Variable Voltage $56.95Assembled IPW-32 $84.95Kit IP-20, Solid State $72.95Assembled IPW-20 $114.95Kit IP-12, Battery Eliminator .$47.50Assembled IPW-12 $59.95

E Heathkit Audio Generator Switchselected output -10 cps to 100 kc Near -perfect sine waveKit IG-72, 8 lbs $41.95Assembled IGW-72 $64.95

Heathkit RF Signal GeneratorCovers100 kc to 110 mc.Kit IG-102, 6 lbs $27.95Assembled IGW-102 $54.95

0 Heathkit Condenser Checker Checkcapacitors 10 uuf to 1000 mfd.Kit IT -11, 7 lbs $29.95Assembled ITW-11 $49.95

FREE CATALOG

Fully describes these and over 250 other differ.ent and exciting Heathkits at savings of 50%or more! Fill out the coupon and send for yourFREE copy today!

1EATH COMPANY, Dept. 24-9Benton Harbor, Mich. 49023[1] Please send my free 1966 Heathkit Catalog.p Enclosed is $ plus postage.

Please send model(s)

Name(Please Print)

Address

City State ZipPrices a Specifications subject to change without notice. TE139


thoughtless, disinterested attitudes toward customers.Customers are the most important people for

any business. The thing is to let them know it! How doyou go about letting the customers know that youappreciate them?

At the top of the list is personal attention. An auto-mobile distributor in New York says, "Personal at-tention is the only way to build a long-term relation-ship."

Many business establishments have devised new,unusual and thoughtful ways to give their customerspersonal attention. A beauty salon set up a gift shopfor Christmas - and of course gave token gifts totheir patrons, to say "Thank you." A small, inexpensivegift is a wonderful way to say "Thank you," to showappreciation, and that you are really thinking aboutyour customers.

People like to be remembered, to be shown appre-ciation, to know that you feel they are very important.It is a rare occasion when a recipient gets mad at agift giver.

Over $300,000,000 are spent on business giftseach year, and the figure continues to rise. Slightlymore than half of those gifts are bought for customers,and about ten percent for prospective customers.

Customers are people, people are human, andhumans - all of us - like to get presents.

In fact, customers are important people, very im-portant people. The most important people in theworld for you. They keep you in business. Appreciatedcustomers can keep your business growing. It is goodbusiness to let them know how important you feelyour customers really are!

QM

rocGCRoPeSe

Tarzian offers

FAST, DEPENDABLE

TUNER REPAIR

SERVICE !MAKES)

It just makes sense that a manufacturer of tuners shouldbe better -qualified, better -equipped to offer the most de-pendable tuner repair and overhaul service.

Sarkes Tarzian, Inc. pioneer in the tuner business,maintains two complete, well-equipped Factory ServiceCenters-assisted by Engineering personnel-and staffedby specialized technicians who handle ONLY tuner re-pairs on ALL makes and models.

Tarzian-made tuners received one day will be repairedand shipped out the next. Allow a little more time forservice on other than Tarzian-made tuners.

Tarzian offers a 12 -month guarantee against defectiveworkmanship and parts failure due to normal usage. And,compare our cost of $9.50 and $15 for UV combinations.There is absolutely no additional, hidden charge, for ANYparts except tubes. You pay shipping costs. Replacementson tuners beyond practical repair are available at low ccst.

Tarzian-made tuners are identified by this stamping.When inquiring about service on other tuners, always

give TV make, chassis and Model number. All tunersrepaired on approved, open accounts. Check with yourlocal distributor for Sarkes Tarzian replacement tuners,replacement parts, or repair service.

\-T-ISARKES TARZIAN, INC.Bloomington, Indiana

MANUFACTURERS OF TUNERS . . . SEMICONDUCTORS . . . AIRTRIMMERS ... FM RADIOS ... AM/FM RADIOS ... AUDIO TAPE ...BROADCAST EQUIPMENT

ONLY

INCLUDING

ALL PARTS1(except tubes)

and LABOR

24 -HOUR SERVICE

1 -YEAR WARRANTY

TWO SERVICE CENTERTO SERVE YOU BETTER

See your distributor, or use theaddress nearest you for fast fac-tory repair serice

537 South Walnut St.Bloomington, IndianaTel: 332-6055

10654 Magnolia Blvd.North Hollywood, Calif.Tel: 769-2720

SFPTFAARFR 19#5 41

at last...instant color patternsat your finger tips.zero warm-up time

THE ALL NEW SENCORE CG135 DELUXE

TRANSISTORIZED COLOR GENERATOR

The big push is on in Color TV. Equip yourself now withthe new, solid state Sencore CG135 and cash in on thezooming volume of new service business as Color -TVbooms! Instant, service -ready RCA standard color bars,cross -hatch, white dots and individual vertical and hori-zontal bars enable you to set up or trouble -shoot moreColor TV sets per day; earn top money in this fast growingservice field. It's an analyzer too: Color gun interruptors,unmodulated video for chroma circuit trouble isolation andunmodulated sync pulses to keep Zenith receivers in syncfor this test, make color trouble shooting a snap. Sturdyall -steel contruction for rugged, heavyduty in the field or shop. Another BestBuy in profit -building service instruments

$14995from Sencore at

COMPARE THESE FEATURES: SEE WHY THE CG135 IS IN A CLASSBY ITSELF

Solid state construction employs high priced GE "Unijunctions" todevelop six "jump out proof counters" that guarantee stable patternsat all times with no warm-up Standard RCA licensed patterns asshown on schematics throughout the industry Handy universal colorgun interruptors on front panel Lead piercing clips insure non -obsolescence CRT adaptors optional Crystal -Controlled 4.SmcSound Carrier Analyzing Signal to insure correct setting of finetuning control RF output on Channel 4 adjustable to Channel 3or 5 from front of generator when Channel 4 is being used Nobatteries to run down; uses 115 V AC Less than one foot square,weighs only 8 lbs.

professional quality -- that's the difference!

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Alert service -dealers and technicians can do a profit-able pre -Christmas business catering a little to the do-it-yourself urge of the man -around -the -house. An attractive"Season's Greetings" soldering gun package will appealto a wife, a son or a daughter looking for a gift. And therecipient can find plenty to do with it around the house-without poking it into his TV, radio or Hi Fi. The model8200PK-X kit comes in assorted colors, features a 100/140w dual gun, 3 soldering tips, tip -changing wrench, a rollof Kester solder, soldering aid and flux brush. Write onyour letterhead to William L. Bender, vice president -mar-keting, Weller Electric Corp., 601 Stone's Crossing Road,Easton, Pa. 18043, and ask for details.

Rebuilding your own CRTs may not be your forte, butWindsor Electronics, at 999 North Main Street, GlenEllyn, Ill., says many small, independent servicers aredoing quite well with their 4 -tubes- and 8 -tubes-a -day re-building equipment.

A 20 -page pocket book lists 3000 transistor and diodeitems and shows how they are replaced by only 140Semitron units, according to Semitronics Corp. At yourdistributor, or by sending 25¢ for handling costs to thecompany at 265 Canal St., New York 13, N.Y.

An electronics educator, J. E. Smith, founder andChairman of the Board of the National Radio Institute,3939 Wisconsin Ave., Washington, D. C. 20016, has been

presented with the Robert H. Goddard Award for out-standing professional achievement. NRI is the oldest andlargest TV -radio Electronics home -study school in theUnited States.

An exploding tape -recorder market is seen by WyboSemmelink, assistant vice president of North AmericanPhilips Co. He expects sales of quality tape recorders togo over a million units this year.

A Hi Fi speaker balancing record, a 7 in. 45 rpmrecording, explains how to balance high fidelity stereo ormonophonic speaker systems to achieve maximum perform-ance in the actual listening environment. No other instru-ments are required, the producer says. It sells for $1.25

and is produced by KSC Systems. At your jobber.... for more details circle 56 on postcard


Ed Leahydoesn't work for

us.We workfor him.

Ed Leahy believes in being his own boss.Which is what Ed likes about running his own PhilcoQualified Service Center. It means that, with no strings attached,he gets better training, better service and more benefitsthan any other manufacturer offers.

When he needs a part, he gets it fast. His PhilcoParts Distributor has what Ed needs right onhand. But even if Ed gets a job like fixing a1947 model, he knows the oddball parthe needs will be shipped in 24 hours or lessthrough Philco's Lifeline Emergency Service.

Ed keeps up on new products withPhilco Tech Data Service. He tried otherservices and found out that he gets thefacts sooner, better and at lower costfrom Philco.

Ed likes Philco's "fringe benefits," too.A complete accident insurance program forhimself and his men. Advice on businessmanagement, found in Philco's popular"Service Businessman" magazine. He getsextra business, too, when his name appearsunder a Philco listing in the Yellow Pages.

Ed Leahy has it good. You can, too.Talk to your Philco Parts Distributor orcontact Parts & Service Department, PhilcoCorporation, Tioga and "C" Streets,Philadelphia, Pa. 19134.

PARTS & SERVICE DEPARTMENT

PHILCO

SEPTEMBER 1965


43

You earn your FCCFirst Class License

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All it takes is a few spare hours a week and NRI's FCC LicenseCourse to open the way to increased opportunities in Commu-nications. With an FCC License, you're ready to operate, serv-ice and install transmitting equipment used in aviation, broad-casting, marine, mobile and Citizens -Band communications.

What does it take? Men with absolutely no training or experi-ence in Electronics complete the course in 10 months. A Tech-nician or man with some background can easily cut that timein half. And because NRI has a greater enrollment than anyother school of its type, training costs you less than compara-ble courses offered by other schools. Further, YOU MUST PASSyour FCC exams or NRI refunds your tuition in full.

Get full details today about NRI FCC License Course plus 9other home -study instruction plans offered by NRI, oldest andlargest school of its kind. Mail coupon for free catalog. There'sno obligation. No salesman will call. NATIONAL RADIOINSTITUTE, Washington, D.C.

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Please send me complete information on FCC License Trainingand other NRI courses, as checked below. (No salesman will call.)

El FCC License I=1 Radio -TV Servicing

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SYNC ON BUSINESS

havefar.

The National Home Study Councilhas a new president. He is Gerald 0.Allen, president, Cleveland Instituteof Electronics. There are now 1,500,-000 people in the nation who are try-ing to better themselves through homestudy. Allen says, "One of NHSC'sresponsibilities is to make certain theseindividuals obtain the best instructionpossible." Only 72 of the country's

Allan nearly 500 correspondence schoolsbeen accepted for accreditation by the NHSC thus

The Modern Approach To Business Communicationsis a valuable booklet that you can use to promote your two-way specialty or sideline. It tells the history of two-waycommunications, explains who is eligible to use it, howit works, what specific equipment is needed and answersmany other questions that prospective users are asking.Ask for the booklets on your letterhead. They're availablewithout charge from Pearce -Simpson, Inc., PO Box 800,Biscayne Annex, Miami, Fla. 33152.

A sapphire phonograph needle is worn out after aboutten months of play - yet the average needle only getschanged every two and a half years, according to KarlJensen, president of Jensen Industries. He indicated thatlaboratory tests prove that after 60 hours an ordinarysapphire needle is definitely worn out. And the trouble is,the damage cannot be seen. Nor can you accurately tell bydetecting a difference in sound reproduction. But after 60hours a needle starts to damage records, and the damage isirreparable to records. . . Which reminds us of one service -dealer we met who always carried a little magnifying glass,with pocket clip, in his jacket pocket. It was designed toshow customers how a worn phono needle looks. We heardhe owned two houses, a Cadillac, a Volkswagen and anunnamed last -year's model as a "fishing -car." It was alsosaid that he had recently been lingering over Rolls-Royceads.

"An estimated 100,000 new technicians will be neededin the nation over the next three years," Clarence H.Stephans, director of industry relations, Newark Collegeof Engineering, said recently. The college is creating a newdivision of technology to include a total of 60 courses,including electronics courses. For details write the collegeat 323 High Street, Newark, N. J. 07102.

Replacement rectifiers for color sets are available in aspecial "convenience package" at more than 800 distribu-tors across the nation. The selenium cartridge rectifiers,catalog No. 61-8968 for voltage boost, and No. 61-8969for focus, have peak reverse ratings of 800 and 6500 vrespectively. The focus rectifier is used to replace theolder 1V2 tube. A handy cross-reference guide on colorTV rectifiers and a 1.0 amp 600 v silicon diode mostfrequently used in color TV circuits, are included. Thekit, catalog No. K896, sells for $4.40. It's from Interna-tional Rectifier Corp.

This defectivecapacitor came from

a four-month -old TV set.And you want

to put in anotherjust like it?

Why put up with that kind of call-back? Install a long-lasting Elmenco dp or VIM (high -voltage) capacitor, andthe next time your service customer calls you, it's because hewants your kind of reliability.

Elmenco dipped Mylare- paper (dp) capacitors last longerbecause they're vacuum -dipped for solid impregnation.They'll hold their rating, even at continuous 125° C opera-tion. Water can't get it to cause leakage or breakdownbecause the casing's non -porous and moisture -proof.

Elmenco dp capacitors satisfy the requirements of missilemanufacturers. Ard exceed the requirements of all radioand television manufacturers. That's why you should ordersome from your Arco-Elmenco distributor. They're built tobe wired into missiles. And priced to be wired into TV sets.

IArco Electronics ODUMONT TM

A DIVISION OF LORAL C3RPORATIDN

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SEPTEMBER 1965


45

COLOR TV

COMPONENTS

P .

111

.10L011 EZ8EVNG TUBESDid you know that General Electric hasintroduced more new receiving tubesfor color TV applications thanany other manufacturer? In 1965 G. E.has produced 7 new types alone forthe new, soon available "Porta-Color"11 -inch color set. Stick with G -Etubes and fill all your tube replacementneeds from one manufacturer.

let. 1.1.1.

DAYLITE III PICTURE TUBE5

Four basic G -E Daylite III colorpicture tubes (21AXP22.21CTP22A, 21F131322, 21FJP22)will fill over 95 percentof your replacement needsanother example of the broad -linecolor component coveragethat General Electric offers.

.1

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N.,OLOR TV RECTIFIERS

General Electric's Color TV seleniumrectifiers, designated GECR-1, -2, and -3,are designed to replace over50 different selenium rectifiersfrom more than 18 different manu-facturers. Stock one line -service most any color set

is 1. I. 1.14 hl.t. 1.1 iI 1.141.olt

with a full]isleG -E Color ComponentsHey, it's football time! Get set for the kick off . . . plenty of action,pretty girls, marching bands . . . and a full line of G -E color TV componentsto help you to keep your customers' color sets in top shape.Stock up! Call your local Authorized G -E Electronic Components Distributorfor receiving tubes, picture tubes, rectifiers, and other color componentsyou'll need this fall. He has exciting deals you'll want to hear about.*Your G -E Distributor also has a brand new Color Component ReplacementGuide and a new promotional portfolio featuring the1965 Football Facts guide - to help you attract new business.

Distributor Sales, Owensboro, Kentucky*All specials available at the option of your G -E Distributor.

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General Electric has a complete lineof all types, sizes, and configurationsof color TV replacement components.Moreover, G. E.'s "A Few Will Do"concept enables you to meet yourneeds with a minimum stockinvestment, i.e., the G -E Entertain-ment Semiconductors replace morethan 3000 standard transistor types,and G -E capacitors give youcoverage for approximately 2600types of capacitors.

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New! In a new small referencesize (33/4 x 81/2 inches), yourG -E Distributor has a freecomplete G. E. Color ComponentReplacement Guide.Get yours now and be preparedto service any color TV chassis.

COLORCRITIC'S

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Specially designed to help you attractmore business, this new promotioninc udes ad mats, decals, mailers andother tools to identify you as aColor TV specialist. Pick up the freedescriptive brochure at your distributor

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;4

RCA Solid Copper Circuits

replace oldfashioned

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RCA Solid Copper Circuits are made by meth-ods as modern as tomorrow. They give greaterdependability . . . better TV performance. It'stypical of the advanced design you'll findthroughout every RCA Victor home instrument.It all adds up to sets that are easier to serviceso that owners are more satisfied with results.

The Most Trusted Name

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More TV servicemen own RCA Victor Color TV than all other leading makes combined


Know the one instrument that

serves you best in

black -and -white and color TV

troubleshooting and repair


SEPTEMBER 1965

PART I OF A SERIES

YOU AND YOUR

OSCILLOSCOPE4 Pia 71614,te4

A cathode ray oscilloscope,sometimes abbreviated CRO, fre-quently incorrectly called oscillo-graph - popularly known as justplain "scope" - is basically an in-strument that visually displays acvoltage waveforms on its screen.

A scope is the most versatile sin-gle instrument you can have onyour workbench. It can be usedto service every section in a B/Wor color TV set, most circuits inradios, Hi Fi sets, two-way com-munications gear and industrialelectronic equipment.

It is a sensitive dc and ac volt-meter. It can measure P -P voltagesof sinewaves and nonsinusoidalwaveforms. With a demodulation(rectifier) probe, it is ideal for sig-nal -tracing IF amplifiers. Ripple inpower supply and B + circuits canbe checked and traced. Compositevideo signals, including those incolor sets, can be signal -traced. It'sindispensible for accurately and ra-pidly checking the frequency re-sponse of video amplifiers and foraligning TV tuners and IF ampli-fiers. It serves as an accurate toolfor aligning FM detectors and FM

IF amplifiers. And you'll need itfor adjusting bandpass amplifiersin color TVs. But these are only afew of the jobs your scope can dowell. Lengthy books have been writ-ten covering the hundreds of dif-ferent tasks your scope can performbetter than any other single instru-ment. Additionally, perhaps untilthe digital computer was built, itwas the most valuable electronic re-search tool in the laboratory.

Those technicians who knowhow to use a scope effectively as atest and troubleshooting tool -how to employ it to its maximumpotential - have a decisive advan-tage in terms of time saved andmore reliable service work.

It is impossible, however, to em-ploy your scope at full potentialunless you know how it works,what it can do better than any otherinstrument and how to quickly ap-ply it to particular jobs.

We mentioned previously thatyour scope was basically a devicefor visually displaying ac voltagewaveforms. Just what does thismean? How can we use a scope toprobe into the depths of electronic

SEPTEMBER 196549

BEAM,_MOD INTENSITY

MOD

VERT'INPUTT

EXT.--

TO CRT

zu-ll

JI

of

r-1 t

I I -J

VERTAMP - - --J

- -

SYNCSYSTEM

- - - - -

NTENSITY

FOCUS

--1HORIZ PO!)ge VERT POS

POWERSUPPLY

LHORIZAMP

t

JTIME - BASE

GENu.11zi-11?I0cD

HORIZI INPUT

Hx

Fig. 1-Block diagram of the basic elements in a typical service -typescope.

circuits and display the waveformsthat circulate through those cir-cuits? How can these waveforms re-veal faulty circuit operation? Toanswer these and other importantquestions we must look with in-quisitive eyes into the scope itself.

Basic CircuitryIf you already know how the

sweep circuits operate in a TV, howan electrostatic deflection CRTfunctions, then you are well on theway to understanding how a scopeperforms, what it can do best andhow you can use it effectively.

A block diagram of the basic ele-ments in a typical service -typescope is shown in Fig. 1. Secondarycircuits will be covered later.

Because the electrostatic-deflec-

tion CRT has made the entirescope concept possible, let's beginby taking a brief look at the CRTand its functions.

The Cathode Ray TubeAn electrostatic -deflection type

CRT (Fig. 2) has two vertical andtwo horizontal deflection plates. Italso has a cylindrical grid surround-ing the tube's cathode which con-trols the intensity of the electronbeam like the grid in an ordinaryelectron tube. The grid has a smallaperture in its front end which helpsform into a narrow beam the elec-trons emitted by the heated cathode.

Following the grid is a cylindri-cal focusing anode, or plate, and di-rectly in front of it is an accelerat-ing anode. These anodes concen-

trate the electrons still more andspeed them on their way until theystrike the phosphor coating on theinside face -plate of the CRT -where they form a small, brightspot. This is the spot which sweepsback and forth at high speed acrossthe phosphor screen to trace anddisplay various waveforms.

The CRT's cylindrical focusingplate is known as the first anodeand the accelerating plate is calledthe second anode. The second an-ode is supplied with a much higherdc potential than anode numberone. All of these CRT elementscombined, including the filament,or heater, compose the familiar"electron gun" which "fires" theelectron "bullets" at high speed andacts as an electronic lens system to


focus the electron beam sharply onthe CRT screen.

If no voltages or if equal volt-ages are applied to the vertical andhorizontal deflection plates, ourglowing spot will stand still in thecenter of the CRT screen. Hence,the spot isn't much use to us unlesswe get it moving.

Because the beam from the elec-tron gun is composed of electrons- negatively charged particles -the beam can be deflected by rapid-ly varying the potential on each ofthe vertical and horizontal plates.

If we place a sinewave voltageon the vertical plates only, for ex-ample, the spot will sweep straightup and down, without moving to

the right or left, and will display asolid bright vertical line (Fig. 3).The amplitude of the applied sig-nal voltage will determine the heightof the vertical line. But this wouldstill not be very helpful to us ex-cept to measure the peak or P -Pvalue of the sinewave voltage ap-plied to the vertical plates. To bereally useful, we must move thespot back and forth horizontally aswell. In other words, we have toadd another "dimension" - time- before we can display a con-ventional sinewave - or the fre-quency of an ac voltage. We dothis by supplying a time -basesweep, or sawtooth oscillator volt-age, to the CRT's horizontal plates.

ORIGIN OF ELECTRONS

vie SI 41FOCUSING

AREA

SECOND(ACCELERATI NG)

ANODE

to.

Time -Base OscillatorThe sawtooth oscillator's voltage

will sweep the spot horizontallyback and forth across the screen ina regular period of time. And to bepractical, its sweep frequency mustbe variable over a wide range sowe can observe one or more cyclesof the signal waveform which wenormally place on the verticalplates of the CRT.

Scopes may employ thyratrons,silicon controlled rectifiers, or tri-odes in multivibrator horizontalsweep circuits but blocking -type os-cillators may also be used. And thesawtooth generator circuit must bedesigned to give a linear time -base.The schematic of a basic thyratron

Fig. 2-Construction *2 the electrostaticdeflection type CRT.

DEFLECTION41

AREA

17-1 IIMO!

CATHODE FIRST(FOCUSING)ANODE

CON TROLGRID

VERTICALDEFLECTIONPLATES HORIZONTAL

DEFLECTIONPLATES

j AQUADAGCOATING

SEPTEMBER 1965 51

....YOU AND YOUR

OSCILLOSCOPE

VERT INPUT 1111111SCOPESCREEN

Fig. 3-A sinewave applied to the vertical plates will cause a straightvertical line on the CRT-if no sawtooth voltage is present on thehorizontal plates.

Fig. 4-Simplified schematic of a thyratron sawtooth generator.

B+

T.T

sawtooth generator is shown in Fig.4.

Now, by simultaneously applyinga time -base sawtooth signal to thehorizontal plates and the signalwe want to see to the vertical plates,we are almost, but not quite, readyto use our scope. If our scope isto be really practical, then, it musthave good vertical and horizontaldeflection amplifiers.

AmplifiersAs we already know, the pur-

pose of the vertical deflection am-plifier, called the Y-axis amplifier,is to boost the low level signalsthat we feed to the scope's verticalinput. And this amplifier must havecertain special characteristics be-cause we may want to observe sig-nal waveforms extending from dc,through slowly pulsating dc and lowfrequency ac, all the way up to fre-quencies of several Mc- at leastto 4.5 Mc for color TV work. Inother words, the vertical deflectionamplifier should have high over-allgain and a reasonably flat, wide-band frequency response.

The primary purpose of the hori-zontal sweep amplifier, known asthe X-axis amplifier, is to amplifythe time -base sawtooth voltage. Butits frequency response does nothave to be as wide as that of thevertical amplifier.

The horizontal amplifier, in ef-fect, makes it possible to increase- or "stretch out" the time baseand, hence, make the observedwaveforms wider, simply by vary-ing its gain. And perhaps we shouldmention at this point, since the elec-tron beam goes across the screenin both directions, we'd end up witha pretty confusing, possibly useless,"picture" if we could see the tracewhile the beam is going both ways,so a special circuit cuts off thebeam while it is returning to thestarting position. This is called "re-trace blanking" and will be dis-cussed more fully in another article.

Characteristics and qualificationsof vertical and horizontal amplifiers- necessary to be fully knownwhen selecting a suitable scope -will also be discussed at length in aforthcoming article of this series. Illustration credit: Courtesy John F.Rider, Publisher.


A

B

fig. 2 (A)-Scope pattern indicating no de-fect in PC board. (B)-Trace indicated a de-fective circuit board in horizontal sync section of a color TV receiver.

Troubleshooting

Printed Circuit Boards

Add an inexpensive 'flip-flop' to yourbench and make accurate and rapid repairs

By Ede 9606o:cutTV Technical Engineer

Want to add a new dimensionto your TV servicing? Then addan electronic switch to your bench.

Printed circuits do developcracks and leakage between foils.This trouble can be very timeconsuming and difficult to trace.Serious service problems can alsodevelop in areas where humidity,temperature and salt content of theair is high.

The technique described here isused very successfully in our TVservice shop for testing and check-ing printed circuit boards, phenolictube sockets and other components.

The SystemThe system employs a scope

and electronic switch in conjunc-tion with a pulse or audio genera-tor for signal tracing and compar-ing signals from the printed circuits.When a defective section or stageis isolated to a portion of theboard by conventional troubleshoot -

Fig. 1-Setup for troubleshooting PC boardswith electronic switch and scope.

ing procedures, then probe "A"from the switch (See Fig. 1) is placedat one end of the circuit and probe"B" is connected at the other endof the same circuit. The two signaltraces obtained on the scope canbe compared or superimposed forexact analysis. This method is em-ployed under dynamic circuit con-ditions - using normal signals ex-isting in or produced by the set.If the circuit is not defective, thetwo wave shapes will be the same,but if the circuit board is cracked,open or has a high resistance, onepattern will not appear on the scopescreen or it will have less ampli-tude or will be distorted. Whenchecking for an intermittently openPC, you simply flex and bend theboard slightly while observing thescope screen. A scope pattern indi-cating no defect in the PC is shownin Fig. 2A. You will observe thatFig. 2B indicates a defective circuitboard in the horizontal sync sec-tion of a color TV receiver.

Testing Passive Circuits

When testing passive circuits,boards or modules that have beenremoved from the equipment byunplugging or unsoldering, a dif-ferent setup is used.

An audio generator (Fig. 3) isused to inject a comparison signalinto the circuit with probe "B" andprobe "A" is placed at the outputof the circuit. The two waveformsare then compared for a differencewhich would, of course, indicate acircuit defect. A scope pattern indi-cating a very high resistance solder

SEPTEMBER 1965 53

Fig. 3-Setup employing audio generator,switch and scope.

(Lower right)-Technician Iccates cold solderjoint i transistor radio.

Technician testing a passive printed boardremoved from equipment.

Fig. 4-Scope pattern indicates high resistancesolder joint in transistor radio.

SCOPE

EXT HSY. C

V

0

.t;

PROBES

ELECTRONICSWITCH

s 4 4 0 4

t I 111 I Al

joint in the PC foil of a small tran-sistor radio is shown in Fig. 4.

Leakage TestsI have often used another sys-

tem to locate leakage between foilsand from foils to ground. This sys-tem also works nicely for locatingleakage points between pin ter-minals of a phenolic tube socket andPC R/C component networks.

The set-up here (Fig. 5) employsa pulse generator that producespulses from 200 to 800 v P -P at afrequency of 60 to 8K cps. Be-fore injecting this pulse, however,all components: transistors, coilsand resistors should be removedfrom the circuit with a desolderingiron; only one lead of each com-ponent is removed. This preventspossible damage to one or morecomponents.

Probe "B" is placed on the cir-cuit foil in the suspected area andprobe "A" is placed on adjacentcircuit foils and the scope trace isobserved. In this test you shoulduse a voltage divider probe to pre-


vent damage to the switch orscope. A straight horizontal line in-dicates no leakage, but a line withany waviness will indicate trouble.Do not ground the circuit board tothe equipment in this test. You canthen move probe "A" to circuitground and detect any leakage fromfoil to ground. The technicianshown in Fig. 6A has located leak-age in the IF section of a color TVprinted board. The scope patternshows a small amount of leakage.A closeup of the two waveforms isshown in Fig. 6B. The leakage isclearly indicated by the bottom' trace.

Now you may wonder why we donot use a VTVM for these resist-ance and leakage tests. The answeris simple: The average VTVM willnot show up this type of leakage.The circuit board will not breakdown and show leakage until a highpulse voltage is applied and a sen-sitive scope is used to detect theleakage.

For those "hot" intermittents, usea heat lamp. For "cold" intermit -

Fig. 5-Setup employing pulse generator,switch and scope.

Fig. 6 (Lower left)-Closeup of the twowaveforms with leakage indicated (LowerRight)-Technician locates leakage in theIF section of a color TV printed board.

tents employ spray -can "freeze."The advantage of using an elec-

tronic switch in printed board serv-icing is obvious: you have two wave-forms, one from each end of the cir-cuit foil, which are easily com-pared on the scope or may be super-imposed for exact analysis. There'slittle room for guesswork with thistechnique.

We use this system for themore difficult service problems too.If you keep in practice by usingthis system you can pinpoint cir-cuit board defects very quickly.

The electronic switch need not betoo costly. One that has horizontalsweep up to 8 kc and vertical am-plifier response to 500 kc will do afine job. The switch does not needto be a wide band type even forcolor TV servicing because you donot need to see the 3.58 Mc burstor the complete bandwidth inchroma circuits. Only a comparisonwaveform is needed. In color TVservice work about 95 percent ofthe testing can be done with a gen-eral purpose scope.

The system has proven to be high-ly successful in checking color andB/W TV, stereo amplifiers, two-way FM radios and small transistorradios.

The electronic switch is a veryversatile instrument and can be usedin many different testing tech-niques. It can be used with a scopefor checking the delay line in colorTV sets. The amount of delay inthe line can easily be determined.Various components and leakagebetween elements of multi -packagedR/C networks can also be checkedwith the scope and switch setup. Atthe present time I am working outa method for testing micro -moduleunits with switch and scope.

I believe the techniques outlinedhere can speed servicing and repair,produce more realistic returns onlabor involved and provide a higherlevel of customer satisfaction. I be-lieve the system will prove espe-cially attractive to technicians in thenear future when solid-state com-ponent PCs are widely used in con-sumer products.

SEPTEMBER 1965 55

Impedance Measurements withDo the job with two regular bench instruments

if a bridge is not available

FROM SIGNAL GEN WITHBALANCED OUTPUT(UNGROUNDED)

UNKNOWN(TO BE MEASURED)

Fig. 1-Setua for

Many technicians run into im-pedance problems every day thatcan't be solved because an imped-ance bridge is not available. Andthey do not know how practicalmeasurements in all areas can bemade with a signal generator and ascope.

For example, I once wanted toknow the radiation resistance of abroadcast tower. By using thismethod it came out to 79 12. Sev-eral months liter I measured it onan expensive RF bridge and itchecked out at 77.6 12. We usethe system here in our measure-ments course and students checkresults against a $500 bridge.

The Basic SystemThe system uses a single signal,

split into two fractions by a voltagedivider network. One fraction issent to the scope's vertical inputand the other fraction to the hori-zontal input. The resulting patternon the CRT screen is stationary but

making impedance measurements.

the shape varies from a straight linethrough various proportions ofelipses to a circle. The magnitudeand phase of the unknown can bedetermined to a fair approximationfrom the pattern.

The frequency of measurement islimited only by the scope's verticalamplifier capabilities. And if highRF measurements are to be made,the signal must be fed directly tothe CRT's deflection plates. Thesignal must be strong enough togive a sizable pattern on the screen.In many cases, the measurement isa comparison to a known resistanceand this resistor should be non -in-ductive, of course. And the signalgenerator must have a balancedoutput (ungrounded) or an isola-tion transformer must be placed be-tween the generator and the circuit.On RF, a pickup coil coupled to thesignal generator will serve. Thesetup is shown in Fig. 1.

The setup shown in Fig. 2 mustbe used for high RF which the

scope amplifiers will not pass. Theprocedure here is as follows: (Re-fer to Fig. 3.)

Adjust R so that the H deflec-tion equals the V deflection. Then(if the deflection in v/in. or v/cmis the same in both directions), themagnitude of Z (the unknown) isequal to R. The phase angle of Zcan be determined from the follow-ing (eq. 1):

XSin B = -H or Sin 0 = -

VThe two deflections per unit

length can be easily set to be equal.Apply any ac voltage to first theV input and then the H input andadjust the vertical and horizontalgain controls so the amounts ofdeflection are equal. Now (by eq.2) the magnitude of:Z=RH X volts per inch horizontal

V x volts per inch vertical

and Sin 0 = -H as before because

both X and H are in the same di-rection.

This procedure takes care of thegeneral case in which a "black box"impedance is unknown. Dependingon how things are connected inter-nally, the axis of the elipse will berising to the right or left for aninductive or capacitive reactance.This can be determined by placinga capacitor (or inductor) in serieswith a resistor of like magnitudeand placing in the "Z" position andobserving the slope.

Special ApplicationsFor measuring the impedance

of any unknown inductance, place

!A.ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN

a Scope and Signal Generator4 wee vabed

Oregon Technical Institute

FROM SIGNALGENERATOR

UNKNOWN(TO BE MEASURED)

Fig. 2-Setup for high RF measurements when vertical amplifierresponse is not sufficiently high.

the inductance in series with aknown capacitor and a resistor ap-proximately the size of R. Adjustfrequency of the signal generatoruntil the elipse changes to a straightline. (Make sure it changes backto an elipse if the frequency ischanged farther in the same direc-tion.) At this point you have seriesresonance and:

L = 1

4r2f2CApproximately the same answer

will be derived by using parallelresonance but the effects of dis-tributed capacity of the coil maybe more noticeable.

An unknown RF resistance, forexample, a vertical antenna, canbe measured by using the generalcase previously mentioned. It maybe better, however, to resonate thecircuit by putting either a capacitoror inductor in series with the circuitand adjusting until a straight lineappears. Then: Rx = R when de-

flection in H direction equals thedeflection in the V direction. HereR becomes critical as to possibleinductive properties. A standarddummy load might be used in whichcase equation 2 holds. Another pos-sibility is a straight carbon resistorapproximately the value of the un-known. The resistance can be de-termined with a VTVM after themeasurement has been completed.

To determine the frequency atwhich an antenna resonates whileobserving from the transmission lineend, connect the feeders in the"Z" position. Adjust the signal gen-erator until the elipse goes to astraight line vertically and notefrequency. Assuming non -resonantfeeders into a 72 si antenna, themagnitude should be near 72 n.

Many other special applicationsof this system will occur to alerttechnicians. And, although the sys-tem does not yield precision mea-surements, it is usually close.

Fig.3-Method of calculatingimpedance from scope pattern.A slightly different arrangementcan be used for calculating phasedifferences also.

SEPTEMBER 1965 57

Test and TroubleshootingThey won't think for you but the job can be done more

The nature of the TV service business today -particularly in the fast-growing color TV service area- renders obsolescent the "wet finger" and "screw-driver -to -chassis" techniques that worked successfullyin past years.

No one who has been around the service businessfor 20 years or longer, however, can say that theseprimitive methods did not produce results. When prac-ticed by those old-time experts who knew preciselywhat they were doing, the methods worked.

But times have changed, most of these expertshave retired and more production per -man-hour hasbecome a universal space-age byword - particularlyin the service industry.

Now most consumers want the job done immediate-ly - or yesterday! And if we don't give fast service- and the best service possible at the lowest cost con-sistent with modem business methods - we won'tsurvive the competitive pressures.

But even if we are fortunate enough to have a com-plete array of the most modem test and troubleshoot-ing instruments, this won't solve our problems unlesswe understand how the instruments work, what theycan and can't do, and practice using them until theirapplications, in each particular case, become automa-tic - producing efficient and rapid results. The finesttest instrument made won't automatically apply itselfto a job and it won't do your thinking for you. Butsome of the instruments made today will do almosteverything else. Most of these instruments have beendesigned to get specific jobs done faster and more ef-ficiently.

ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN iS now putting some ofthese instruments "through the mill." Various itemsare being checked, under practical service conditions,in our new TEKLAB section.

Some of these instruments are shown here andbriefly described. Others will follow from time to time.And operating functions, procedures and circuits willbe thoroughly detailed in forthcoming issues.

B&K Model 1076 Analyst Keyed rainbow typecolor signals. In addition to this instrument'sbroad TV signal substitution and troubleshootingfacilities for all primary B/W TV circuits, thiscomplete flying spot scanner provides white dot,white line and cross -hatch patterns for color TVconvergence, adjustments and for signal tracingcolor circuits. It produces color bar chroma andburst signals. Has 16 tubes plus 5 in. scanningtube.

Heath Model IG62 Color Bar/Dot GeneratorKeyed rainbow type color signals. Patterns in-clude dot, cross -hatch, horizontal, vertical, shad-ing and color bars. Has 13 tubes.


Instruments for Colorefficiently if you put them to work in your shop

Lectrotech Model V7 Color Generator and Vec-torscope Keyed rainbow type color signals. Indi-cates phase of each color bar with respect to burston built-in CRT. Hybrid tube/solid-state circuitry.Gun killer. Provides vertical and horizontal lines,cross -hatch, dots and color bars. Enclosed testlead compartment.

Jackson Model 800 Bar/Dot Generator NTSCtype color signals. Patterns include cross -hatch,horizontal and vertical lines, dots and color bars.Gun killer. Has 14 tubes.

Sencore Model CA122 Color Circuit AnalyzerKeyed rainbow type signals. Provides modulatedRF and IF signals with white dots, vertical andhorizontal bars, color bars, cross -hatch and shad-ing bars. Has rotating, illuminated color indicator.Gun killer. Enclosed test leads. Has 11 tubes.

SEPTEMBER 1965 59

PART II (CONCLUSION)

ONE MAN CAN ERECT

FRINGE AREA ANTENNASMount the mast solidly on the ground instead

of the roof if you have a choice

Last month we reviewed somemajor considerations in one-manfringe- and far -fringe antenna in-stallations. Suggestions were maderegarding mast and accessory selec-tions and we listed the necessarytools required to do the job effi-ciently. We will now go into the"nuts -and -bolts" details of antennalocation and installation.

Locating and ErectingYou'll probably have at least

three viewpoints to consider in de-ciding where to locate the antenna.From your viewpoint it should belocated at a gable, free of trees andpower lines - 25 ft from the prop-erty line. The 'IV set should bejust inside the wall directly behindthe mast for shortest lead-in run.

The man of the house normallywon't care where the antenna is lo-cated if he gets good reception, theantenna doesn't fall on the neigh-bor's house or car if it should blowdown and doesn't interfere withmowing the lawn. The lady of thehouse will wonder why "all thosewires are necessary," why the an-tenna can't be installed back of thehouse or better still, hidden in the

attic. Somehow, you must resolveall this diplomatically, compromisevery little - remembering that it'syour neck, your antenna instal-lation, your responsibility to get thebest reception possible and youhave to service it or you may evenhave to take it down and move itto another location.

If the houses are too close to-gether you'll have to choose betweengoing to the back yard or the roof.If you have to trim too manybranches off trees to clear guy wiresand antenna, go to the roof. Butmount the mast on the ground ifyou have a choice.

Let's put the antenna up at theend of the house. First, referringto Fig. 1 (see inset for motor, an-tenna mounting details), mount awall bracket high up, centeredon the gable and place one screw -eye beside it. Set two ladders asshown and install two screw -eyesat each location. Install two morescrew -eyes on the ridge about 20ft back from the brackets - andmake sure you set these into theridge beam.

Next, drive a 7 -ft tee -post in theyard about 20 ft from the house

6 2)e. grace, elect -ft

and sink it down about 2 ft - de-pending on the soil consistency.Set the mast base against the housefoundation and telescope out thesecond joint from the bottom, pinand lock it. Lift the top end of themast and support it on the prop.Pull out the top section about 3 ftand mount the rotator 2 ft fromthe top. Mount the thrust bearing3 in. from the top. Use a 4 -ftsection of 11/4 in. tubing to mountantenna to rotator through thrustbearing. Mount one single 3 -in.standoff on stub mast 6 in. abovemast top section opposite the mast.

If you use "snap -on" instead of"wrap -around" stand-offs, tapethem to the mast, criss-crossing withfriction tape - not plastic tape.Mount another single 3 -in. stand-off on top section just abovethrust bearing and 180 deg op-posite the first standoff. Slice theend of the lead-in down about 6 in.with a sharp knife and connecttwin lead wires to antenna termi-nals and then attach lead-in to firststandoff and clamp it - leaving alittle slack. Now spray lead-in ter-minal screws with insulating plastic,let dry a few moments and tape


,GUY ANCHORS

Fig. 1-Setup for erecting 40 -ft antenna at end of house.

over with plastic tape - bindingabout 2 in. of each wire to the an-tenna's driven element to preventtension on the lead-in connectionsat the antenna terminals.

Check the rotator's position. Itshould be north - fully counter-clockwise. Leave only enough slackin the lead-in to allow one-halfrevolution of antenna. The otherhalf of rotation will be away fromthe lower standoff which will merelyplace the wire on the other side ofthe mast.

Mount a double inline standoffjust below the rotator. Connect therotator cable to rotor and clampit to the inside insulator of ,thestandoff. The lead-in goes to theoutside insulator. String lead-inwires down near base of mast andplace wire coils or spools on theground.

String one end of your ropethrough pulley, snap pulley toscrew -eye beside wall bracket andattach the rope to the mast just be-low rotator.

Now up she goes! Lift the mastto your shoulder, pull on rope andwalk forward, lifting mast by pull-ing on the rope while supporting

Fig. 2-Setup for mounfing antenna on roof.

LASH TOP LADDERRUNG TO MAST

GROUND -WIREFROM BASEOF MAST ---------

GRCUND ROD OR TOCOLD WATER PIPE

SEPTEMBER 19656I

and guiding it with arm and shoul-der. When the mast is vertical, liftand pull the base end away fromthe wall about 2 ft, allowing themast to rest against the open bracketat the gable. Tie the rope to thebase of the mast so it won't slipand go slack.

Go to the roof and fasten themast loosely in the bracket. Returnto the ground and position the mastso it is vertical with the bracket.Shift it out of the way a few inchesand drive your steel stake at thisspot, leaving about 6 in. of thestake above ground. Drop a discover the stake, curved side up, andset mast down over stake. Go backto the roof with additional guy wireand two double inline standoffs.Tighten wall bracket, tie four guywires to tie points on rotator, un-reel sufficient guy wire to looselyreach screw -eyes - keeping rollsintact to prevent kinking.

Lift the top section of the mast,watching pin holes, to see whenend of section clears. These mastsare not supposed to pull apart butdon't bet on it. Pin and lock mast,check antenna orientation (straightnorth). Install a double inline stand-off just below guy ring on nextsection, mount lead-in and clamp.Tie second set of guy wires at thispoint and string them out to an-chors - attaching loosely. Nowtelescope out the second mast sec-tion, pin and lock - and the an-tenna is up.

Go around, first to windward anduntie upper guy wire and let it trail

behind you. Pull gently and uncurlwire as you pull, leaving just a fewturns. Cut it off-leaving a few ftfor leeway and tie temporarily. Nowgo around to the other anchors anddo the same. The dead calm youwere experiencing when you startedthe job has now probably changedto 20 -mile gusts and you can seethe value of having a ladder at eachanchor point. When you have theguy wires anchored temporarily,heave a big sigh of relief, smoke,get a drink of water or take a coffeebreak.

Now sight up the mast and ad-just your guy wires to make it niceand straight. Cut your wire endsoff leaving about a ft of excess,thread ends through screw-eyes, pullwires snug and tie by wrappingstraight around for four or fiveturns then spiral the excess up themain wire. Proceed in the conven-tional manner to hook up lightningarrestor and TV set.

Repair Or MoveNow if you have to repair or

move this antenna in the future,you simply loosen guy wires about6 in. at two adjoining anchor posi-tions, loosen "L" handle just aboveroof, pull safety pin and telescopedown; likewise with the upper sec-tion. You don't have to disturb thestandoffs (since you have oneplaced at the top of each telescop-ing section) unless you need to re-place the lead-in. The repairs aremade and up she goes again.

To move the antenna, telescope

Fig 3-Details for erecting and anchoring high tele-scoping tower for TV antennas.

down to the roof, remove antennaand fold up elements, untie and coilup guy wires, tie on your rope,snap on the pulley, let her down,bundle up the lead-in and rotatorcable, telescope the mast as far aspossible, load ladders and mast ontop and away you go. Take the wallbracket and disc with you butleave the screw -eyes where they are.If you don't get the next job forthis location - well, your com-petition will probably be obligatedto you in a cheap way.

Roof MountingMuch of the aforementioned pro-

cedure will apply to roof mountedantennas too. Here you should usea hinged saddle mount, locate yourguy anchors, attach the lower endof mast to the mount, support maston prop astride the roof ridge andtie on bottom guy wires as shownin Fig. 2. Estimate length of wiresA, B and C and use wire D to pullmast up. If mast will now standmore or less vertically, tie and ad-just bottom wires. When the mastis plumb, tie wires tight and se-cure, making sure anchors are insolid footing. Lean your 10 -ft lad-der against mast and carefullyclimb up far enough to tie toprung securely to mast. Ladder legsshould straddle ridge. Now climbup all the way and loosen the topmast section, lift out about 2 or 21/2ft and install your rotator and an-tenna. It may be easier to connectlead-in to antenna before mounting

Continued on page 99

GUY ANCHOR POSTS SET IN CONCRETE

PULL ERECT WITHBLOCK & TACKLE

CONCRETE BASMOUNT

BOTTOM GUYS

CHAIN LINKS WELDED TO PIPE TOKEEP GUY WIRES FROM SLIPPING OFF


Fig. 1-A 44 pf N750and 56 pf NPO capacitor

are paralleled to obtaina total of 100 pf with

TC of N330.

Part II

A PROLIFIC

SERVICE COMPONENTKnow the basic factors involved in

selecting replacement capacitators

4 e e. 7uz.ePsae9Chief Engineer, Mallory Distributor Pi .ductsA Division of P. R. Mallory 8 Co.

An introductory article in a pre-vious issue (ELECTRONIC TECHNI-CIAN, March 1965), outlined thehistorical development of the twobasic capacitor types: electrostaticand electrolytic. Recent develop-ments in both areas were detailedat length. The present article willgo into practical considerations inselecting the proper capacitor forspecific applications.

Selecting NTC CapacitorsSuppose we need to select a re-

placement capacitor for a tunedcircuit in a front end. The originalis a 100 pf, 500 v, N330.

We find some micas and someceramics in stock but none has N330stamped on it. How important isthe N330 to the circuit? What doesit mean? Can a 100 pf mica or a100 pf NPO or N750 ceramic beused as a replacement? The answeris no. A capacitor with the correcttemperature compensating (TC)rating must be used.

The "N" on the N330 means thecapacitor will drift or change ca-pacity in a negative direction as thetemperature rises, 330 parts permillion (ppm) per degree centi-grade. In doing so, the capacitorcompensates for changes in thevalue of other associated compo-nents in the circuit - the coil andinterelectrode capacity of the elec-tron tube, for example.

In checking out stock, supposewe find several values of NPO (zeroTC) and N750 but no N330. A100 pf N330 can be made if we

have the correct values of NPO andN750 types in stock. The propervalues of each capacitor can bedetermined from the following for-mula:

Multiply the desired capacity bythe desired TC = 100 X 330 =33000. Divide 33000 by the TCrating of the capacitor on hand(N750) = 33000 + 750 = 44 pf(N75). Subtract N750 value fromdesired value = 100 - 44 = 56 pf(NPO). We can now connect 44 pfN750 in parallel with 56 pf NPOand have a total of 100 pf with TCof N330 (See Fig. 1). Since it isdifficult to find a rating of 44 pf,the nearest value of 47 pf N750will be satisfactory.

The change in capacity of a TCcapacitor with change in tempera-ture can be determined from thefollowing formula:

(TC) (C25) (AT)Ct = +C25

106Ct = Total capacity at end of

temperature excursionTC = Temperature compensat-

ing rating of the capacitor (N330,N750, etc.)

C25 = Capacity value measuredat room temperature

AT = Number ofdegrees oftemperature change

An example of how the formulais used follows:Given: A capacitor rated at 100

pf with a TC rating of N330.Find: Value of capacitance as the

ambient temperature increases from25° to 55°C. What is the total ca-

pacitance change?

SEPTEMBER 1965 63

VARIATION OF INSULATION RESISTANCE WITH TEMPERATURE

1,000,000

1,00Q

100

MEGOHMS

PERCENTDEVIATIONFROM 20°CREADINGS

64

20

I- POLYSTYRENE2 -CERAMIC3-MYLAP4 -MICA5 -PAPER

30 40 40 60 70DEGREES CENTIGRADE

90

ch of

Fig. 3-Curves indicate drift characteristics of mica as comparto different ceitc types.

20

VARIATION OF CAPACITY WITH TEMPERATURE

MYLAR2 -MICA (FOIL)3 -CERAMIC (NPO)4 -POLYSTYRENE5 -CERAMIC (JL)6 -CERAMIC (JF)

(I)

(2)(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

30 40 50 60 70 80DEGREES CENTIGRADE

90

(-330) (100) (30)Ct - (30)+100

106

- 990000Ct = + 100106

Ct = 99.01 pf capacity value at55°C ambient

c = 100 - 99.01 = 0.99 pftotal capacitance change.

Drift CharacteristicsDrift with temperature varies

widely with different dielectric ma-terials. The graph (Fig. 2) showsdrift characteristics of popular ca-pacitor materials.

We can see that it would be im-practical to substitute a mica fora TC ceramic, but how about theother side of the coin? Can wereplace a mica with a ceramic? Theanswer is most of the time. Thecurves (Fig. 3) indicate drift char-acteristics of mica as compared todifferent types of ceramic. We cansay that it is always negative -posi-tive -zero. This means, drift is negli-gible with changes in temperature(see curve). If the circuit applica-tion is not critical, replacement ofmica from the temperature stableGP (general purpose) or the fre-quency stable (JF) types can beused. Ceramic capacitors that aretemperature compensated will havelow dielectric constant (K). Thephysical size will be larger than anequivalent capacitor having a high"K" dielectric.

What is "K?" "K" is the dielec-tric constant of material and is equalto the ratio of the capacitance of acapacitor using the material underquestion as a dielectric, to the ca-pacitance of the same capacitor us-ing vacuum as a dielectric.

Dielectric constant (K) of var-ious materials is shown in Table I.

Generally speaking, the higher thevalue of "K" the more unstable thecapacitor with temperature change.TC type ceramics are constructedusing low "K" material, hence bet-ter stability.

Power FactorCeramic capacitors have a high-

er percentage of power factor(0.001%) than micas (0.0006% ),but this is not objectionable in theaverage circuit. Power factor is theratio of power loss in the dielectric


4

to the product of applied voltageand current, or

total power loss in w% pf X100volt X amps

Power factor is a (measure) ofthe efficiency of a capacitor. Thelower the power factor the higherthe efficiency. Another term usedin connection wtih capacitors is"Q." "0" is a "figure of merit" andapplies to many components. Withcapacitors in particular, it is ex-pressed as the ratio of reactanceto resistance.

Q= XcR

From the equation, we can seethat "R" changes in an inverse di-rection to "Q." As "R" becomessmaller, "Q" becomes higher invalue. The less "R" (resistance) ina capacitor the more easily a ca-pacitor can accept and release anelectrical charge and the moreclosely it approaches a perfect ca-pacitor which to date has neverbeen manufactured. Xc is an expres-sion of true capacitive reactanceexclusive of resistance and is equal

1

to 27rfc

Dissipation FactorDissipation factor is similar to

power factor and is another termused in expressing capacitor lossesand can be shown by the formula:DF in % =

6.28 x FREQ x ESR x C in pf10,000

Dissipation factor is also the in-verse of "Q." When dissipation fac-tor or power factor readings arebelow 15%, little difference in read-ings appear, and they can be con-sidered identical. Above 15%, thedivergence becomes more pro-nounced with dissipation factor in-creasing more rapidly than powerfactor.

A Practical CaseLet's consider the horizontal os-

cillator circuit of a television set,for example, where a 3900 pf ca-pacitor is connected in parallel withthe ringing coil (Fig. 4). The orig-inal capacitor used in this circuit isusually mica. In replacing this ca -


6SN7GT390Pf

5.6K 100K

I.5K 390022K

IHORIZ FREQ (RINGING COIL)

50K

Fig. 4-Simplified circuit of horiiontal oscillator using a ringingcoil and 3900 pf capacitor.

iffs

TaEIe I

MATERIAL

VacuumDry AirTeflon

PolystyreneMylar

PolycarbonateKraft Paper

SteatiteMica

Aluminum OxideTantalum Oxide

Ceramic(Magnesium Titantate)

Ceramic(Titania)Ceramic

(Magnesium Orthotitanate)Cerarric

(Barium Titanate)

DIELECTRICCONSTANT (K)

1.01.000592.02.53.03.02 To 66.36.87.011 To 25

10 To 20

80 To 120

2000

6000

SEPTEMBER 1965

Functions, controls, signals

and circuit description

Color Bar/Dot Generators

SECO Model 900 ColorGenerator

The output of this solid-stategenerator contains 10 vertical colorbars. The bars begin with a yellow -orange and continue through thevarious hues of red and blue andend up with a green stripe at theextreme right side of the screen.The bars are generated by the off-set carrier method.

The unit measures 81/2 x 101/231/2 in. and weighs 6 lb. In addi-tion to the color bars the generatorprovides dots, crosshatch, verticalbars and hnrizontal bars. Ten hor-izontal and nine vertical lines arefurnished. The width of the ver-tical lines can be adjusted with afront panel control. Ninety adjust-able -size dots are generated. Dotsize is controlled by the same dialused to adjust the vertical line size.

The ON/OFF switch is in the pow-er transformer primary and the unitis all solid-state, requiring no warm-

Seco Model 900 Color Generator

up. The power supply is zener reg-ulated.

A variable capacitor in the RFoscillator circuit may be employedto select an unused channel in yourarea. Channels 2, 3 or 4 can betuned in with this front panel con-trol.

In addition to color bars, hori-zontal and vertical lines and dots,a crosshatch pattern and clear ras-ter are available. A sync modulatedRF signal is fed to the set in theclear raster position. It is not videomodulated hence the signal can beused for purity tests and gray scaletracking.

The amount of color modulationis controlled by a front panel COLOROUTPUT dial. Another front panelcontrol, the COLOR QUALITY dial, isused to stabilize the barber -pole ef-fect present in any color display.The barber -pole effect is present be -


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I ALL 41616 069 .12 W. IOU xCEPTAS NOTED2 CAP IN PP EXCEPT AS NOTED3 0 0160 -ES FRONT PANEL CONTROL4 0E90'45 iNTRRNAL ADJ.

INPUT

Schematic of Model 900

cause the receiver crystals are notexact multiples of the vertical andhorizontal frequencies.

Any combination of the threeguns in a set may be chosen by us-ing the three GUN -KILLER slideswitches located on the front panel.

Circuit FunctionsQ1 is a crystal controlled oscilla-

tor which operates at 190.080 kc.The wave shaper stage, Q2,shapes the signal generated by Q1to give sharp keying bars for thecolor gate stage, Q9. The outputof Q2 is also fed through C3 to thefirst unijunction ring counter stage,Q3. There are five ring coun-ter stages used to obtain the fre-quencies needed for proper colorsynchronization. The 190.080 kc os-cillator output is divided as follows:Stage Q3, 2:1, with an output of95.040 kc; Q4, 6:1, output 15.840

kc; 05, 4:1, output 3.960 kc; Q6,6:1, output 660 cps and finally Q7,with an 11:1 division, has an out-put of 60 cps. The frequency ofeach divider stage is adjustable bycontrols located inside the unit.

Vertical lines are generated di-rectly by the 190 kc oscillator, pass-ed through the wave shape stage,Q2, and fed to the vertical lineshaper on to the modulator circuit.

The horizontal line pulses areformed by the 660 cps ring counterstage, Q6, and shaped by Q10. The660 cps signal and the horizontalsync signal (15,840 cps) from Q4are fed to the mixer stage, Q11.The dots are formed by the inter-section of the vertical and horizon-tal lines. When the dot diode gateis connnected through S2 only dotswill appear. When the dot diodegate is not connected only cross-hatch will appear.

The color signal is generated bythe 3.563795 Mc crystal oscillator,08. The color gate, Q9, keys thissignal on and off, forming the colorbars.

The length of the horizontal lineis controlled by the wave shapingstage, Q10. The horizontal line ad-justment is set to give exactly oneline on the screen by varying thebias on Q10 which also receives asignal from the 660 cps ring counterstage, Q6.

The signals are mixed to forma composite modulation waveformin the resistor -capacitor modulator,consisting of R44, R45, R46, R47,R49, R57 and C19. The compositevideo signal varies the impedanceof diode D8 at a video rate. Andwith the diode in series with theRF oscillator (Q12) output, the RFsignal is then amplitude modulatedat the video rate.

SEPTEMBER 1965 67

SERVICING

RECORD

CHANGERS

IS A 'SNAP'gv 'loste,t Diced

Keep an eye open for unusual things that

happen to this equipment

Phono 'arm keeper' in place. Removing a defective turntable from cabinet.

If you're not repairing phono-graphs, especially stereo types, thenyou're probably passing up a sub-stantial sum of money each month.The needle business alone is bigbusiness. And if the word "stereo"makes you flinch, forget it. Theonly significant difference betweenmono and stereo phonos is thatstereo has two amplifiers and a"double" crystal.

The schematic of a typical smallstereo phono is shown in Fig. 1.And the whole thing can be brokendown simply into three parts:

1. The changer2. The amplifier3. Speakers


Burned resistors in stereo chassis.

The ChangerMost record changer troubles can

be listed as follows: runs too slow,won't reject, the machine won'tshut off after the last record plays,a bad needle and a defective car-tridge. Other troubles can arisebut these are the most common.

A slow turntable is generallycaused by a worn idler wheel, slickturntable, insufficient lubrication orover -heated motor. Check the idlerwheel for slick and worn spots. Ifthe turntable thumps when it goesaround, the idler wheel has a dentin it. Replace the wheel. The turn-table can be cleaned with a varietyof approved cleaning fluids.

Replacing cartridge in portable stereo recordchanger.

Lubricate the motor bearings,idler wheel and small turret drivewheels a n d turntable bearings.Don't put too much oil or greaseon the working parts! If you applytoo much it will eventually workinto the rubber moving parts andcause the turntable to slow down.To prevent this, run the motor foran hour or two and then wipe offthe excess oil or grease from mov-ing parts.

A slow motor is usually causedby dry bearings and a shorted field.If the motor gets real hot after be-ing run for two hours and slowsdown, replace it with a new motorassembly.

Sometimes a turntable will getdry and freeze to the spindle shaftassembly. Look for small metalshavings in the bearing. Check thereject mechanism for lubricationand bent levers. Make sure the re-ject system works free and easy.

The arm that holds the recordsdown against the spindle determinesthe shut-off point when the last rec-ord is played. Only the thickness ofthe last record will hold the trip upso the last record will play its re-quired time. The usual troublehere is that the owner will pull onthe stablizer arm at the spindleshaft. This, in time, will spring thearm and cause the changer to shutoff before the last record is played.The stabilizer arm is also frequent-ly left off to the right and not inposition on the record. This willcause the changer to play the lastrecord over and over again, ofcourse. If bent, the arm should bestraightened and the owner notifiedhow to hadle it properly to preventrecurrence.

WowA slick spot or uneven turntable

will cause "wow." As you know,wow is a variation in pitch thattakes place very slowly - less than10 cps. It's the same as flutter ex-cept wow variations are at a slowerrate.

We had an RCA changer, for ex-ample, come in the shop some timeago that had terrible wow. You cancheck and see this wow conditionby placing a speed disc on the turn-table. You can observe the slow,jerky movements of the turntable.

At first we thought the turntablehad some oil on it. It was cleanedand the turntable drive was dresseddown. But we still had wow. Acloser look at the changer showedthat the idler wheel assembly wasbent down and the wheel was ro-tating partly on the 331/2 rpm tur-ret drive and at times touched the45 rpm turret drive wheel - caus-ing the wheel to speed up. The idlerwheel assembly was straightened andthe wow disappeared.

Needles and CartridgesDiamond needles will last much

longer than sapphires before they be -

SEPTEMBER 1965 69

a

V I

L

dr,

tr:

'MTI

041

Sianv

u 7:

1111111111111100000

1111111.1.1.111111....1111.1111111111111t1,1111.1111111111111111111.11111111111131111111111111 llllllll

BLUE

WHITE

4 WM LUG 3 WHE LUGGRIME CARTRIDGE

REDBLUE

WHITE

rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrri rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr irr irrrrrrrrr irrrrrrr

Fig. 2-Four wire and three wire stereocartridges.

gin to damage records. And anyneedle will begin to gouge away atrecord grooves long before it causesdistortion and noise. Give your cus-tomers the facts about needles andthen let them decide which theywant, however.

Don't forget to keep an eye openfor unusual things that happen torecord changers. For example, wehad one that kept losing needles.They would frequently disappear atweekly intervals usually on Thurs-day. And then we discovered thatthe customer had a maid come into clean on that day. She did a realgood job of dusting-often pickingup the phono needle in her dustcloth!

Here's some tips to rememberwhen replacing a needle or cart-ridge. 1) Place a small white clothor handkerchief under the pickuparm to catch small screws that maydrop. A major "dog" job can de -

Fig. 1-Schematic of typical small stereophono amplilier

115 VAC

RO Re

V4 V3 V2 VI

IIELEF T CHANNELTO SPICR

CR1GHT CHANNELTO SPICK

1

Fig. 3-The 35C5 audio output tube shortedand burned resistors R16, R24 and two 151:resistors in series with the rectifier.

velop when a tiny screw falls downunder the changer and into the am-plifier section. 2) Handle the crystalwith extreme care. 3) And be excep-tionally careful when changing thatneedle! 4) Use a slotted -wedgescrew driver to hold the screw intoposition when you install a new car-tridge and don't drop the cartridge.5) Use an exact replacement car-tridge or the nearest one you canfind to the original.

A bad cartridge will cause dis-tortion, mushy audio, intermittentaudio, no volume, weak volume andpoor balancing. Poor balancing iscaused when the voltage on oneside of the stereo cartridge is upand down on the other side. If youobserve up and down sound or in-termittent audio, check the stereocartridge first. A defect in car-tridge can often be made to showup by placing a small amount ofpressure on the tip of the pickup

arm - varying the pressure up anddown.

No volume and weak volume areeasily identified by turning the vol-ume full on. You'll get more -than -normal pickup hum. Touch the un-grounded side of the cartridge con-nection and a loud hum will beheard.

If you are replacing a three wirecartridge with a four wire job, orvice versa, (Fig. 2) remember thecenter connection on the three wirecartridge is ground. Be exceptional-ly careful if you have to solder di-rect to a cartridge. When substitut-ing a replacement cartridge for theoriginal, check the output voltagesand weights. Match them as closelyas possible.

The tone or pickup arm shouldbe held in a safe position whenworking on the changer or whenthe stereo player is being delivered.Some technicians tie the arm to thecenter post and some snap the arminto the holder, if one is provided.We use a gadget constructed aroundan 8 -lb -pull magnet, stiff wire andspring as shown in the photo.The spring is spread over the pick-up head and the magnet will holdit securely to the turntable or metalbase. This is also helpful when thechanger is turned upside downwhile repairs or adjustments are be-ing made. The arm does not dangleand bang against the bench or turn-table and damage the needle or car-tridge assembly.

The AmplifierA stereo amplifier has two in-

puts, two separate amplifying sec-tions and two outputs. The amplifiersections can have low volume, novolume, one section dead or weak,poor balance and an intermittentaudio section. You generally beginon a defective amplifier by checkingall tubes on a tube tester. If replace-ment tubes fail to bring the am-plifiers up to par, then check be-neath the chassis.

Use a signal tracer to check stageby stage if one stage is defective. Byplacing the signal tracer probe toeach tube grid and plate, the defec-tive or weak stage will show up. An-other good method is to run a signal


70


10 factsyou should know

about color -bar generatorsIf you are going to buy a color -bar generator-or even if you already own one-here areseveral facts you should know.

While other types of test instruments maylack one or more features, they may still beuseful in skilled hands-provided the user isaware of their shortcomings and provided hehas other means of determining what he mustknow.

This is not true of a color -bar generator.A color -bar generator should allow you to

walk away from an adjusted receiver know-ing that the owner can turn it on and receivecolor broadcasts in full -fidelity color andsound.

Not all color -bar generators can give youthis assurance.

Let's talk facts.

FACT NO. 1: A gated -rainbow type gener-ator is accepted as the standard of theservice industryYou do not need fully saturated NTSC colorsto achieve perfectadjustment any morethan you need anFCC -type broadcastsignal for tuner andif -amplifier align-ment. The gated -rainbow type signalsare used by virtuallyall TV manufactur-ers in establishing service procedures for theirsets.

Urgent service needs for a trustworthycolor -signal source were met years ago whenRCA introduced the gated -rainbow system.

Today, this basic system is used in nearlyall service -type color -bar generators. Thewaveforms and procedures in nearly all color -TV service notes are based on this system.

FACT NO. 2: .Ill gated -rainbow type gen-erators are not alikeIn spite of their basic circuit similarities,available models differ in their features, ac-curacy, and ultimate usefulness. Some ofthese differences are critical.

FACT NO. 3: The offset subcarrier oscilla-tor must be controlled within a few cyclesof its true frequencyThis oscillator controls the phase angles(hues) of the color -bar pattern. It is the heartof the color -bar generator.

The subcarrier oscillator should be within±20 cps of its fundamental frequency of3.563795 megacycles. In the crystal -controlledRCA WR-64B Color -Bar/ Dot / CrosshatchGenerator, this deviation is kept well withinthe ±20 cps limit.

FACT NO. 4: Provision must be included toprevent the subcarrier oscillator fromdrifting off frequencyThe subcarrier oscillator must not only beaccurate when the instrument is new-it must

Gated rainbow colorbarpattern

stay accurate. Top-quality components mini-mize undesirable frequency changes.

Check, for instance, the trimmer capacitorused in the 3.56 -Mc subcarrier oscillator.You'll find a piston -type ceramic capacitor-not a flat mica type-in the RCA WR-64B.

FACT NO. 5: The generator must have anrf-sound carrier to assure proper settingof the fine-tuning controlUnless your color -bar generator has this es-sential feature, it may produce a perfectcolor -bar pattern on the receiver, but at thewrong setting of the receiver fine-tuning con-trol. In such cases, the receiver may not cor-rectly reproduce a color program.

The WR-64B has this necessary feature.With it, you can accurately set the fine-tuningcontrol before making color adjustments. Inthe WR-64B the rf-sound carrier is alsocrystal -controlled.

FACT NO. 6: The rf picture carrier mustbe exactly on frequency to assure that thecolor subcarrier is correctly placed in thereceiver bandpassDrift, faulty adjustment, or aging of com-ponents in the rf oscillator section can movethe generator picture carrier off frequency.This shift, in turn, will also move the colorsubcarrier signal away from its correct posi-tion in the receiver bandpass. In some receiv-ers, this shift will affect accuracy of color -circuit adjustments.

A separate crystal -controlled oscillator isused in the WR-64B to keep the picture ex-actly on frequency.

FACT NO. 7: The axes of the output color -bar pulses should lie on the zero axis-andnot on elevated brightness pedestalsElevated pulses necessitate use of an oscillo-scope for accurate setting of receiver phasing.A generator having zero -axis color -bar pulses,such as the WR-64B, does not require use ofan oscilloscope for checking phasing in thecustomer's home.

FACT NO. 8: The generator should not re-quire frequent adjustment of internalcounter circuitsAll color -bar generators contain circuitswhich develop vertical and horizontal sync,and dot -and -bar -pattern signals, by dividingor counting down from a higher frequency:usually 189 Kc. If one of these circuits is un-stable, the patterns can jitter, ripple, jumpsync or contain the wrong number of dots orbars.

Conventional R -C circuits are used in thecounters of most generators. But the RCAWR-64B uses inherently stable iron -core in-

ductors in its counters, thereby assuring long-term counter -circuit stability.

FACT NO. 9: The proper way to check re-ceiver color performance is to feed the gen-erator signal into the antenna terminalsColor performance depends on overall re-ceiver condition-not on that of a single sec-tion alone. A color -test signal fed directlyinto the video amplifier-rather than throughthe antenna terminals-will not provide aproper check of the complete receiver. Theonly method you should use in adjusting thereceiver, therefore, is the rf-signal-inputmethod-the method provided by the RCAWR-64B.

FACT NO. 10: There is no "best" dot sizeor bar width for convergence adjustmentsGenerator dot size or bar width has no sig-nificance for convergence adjustments.

Veteran technicians, however, have foundthat very small dots or thin bars are difficultto use under average lighting conditions. Ifreceiver brightness is turned up to overcomethis handicap, blooming will result. Properconvergence cannot be achieved under thisabnormal condition.

The dot and bar size of the WR-64B issmall enough to permit exact, speedy adjust-ment, and large enough to be useful underaverage lighting conditions.

These are ten specific facts you shouldknow about color -bar generators. They addup to this

FACT: The new RCA WR-64B has all thefeatures you need for complete color -circuit adjustmentIt's the one color -bar generator that meetsall servicing requirements-from the com-pany that pioneered and developed the color -TV system now in universal use: RCA!

Order it today from your local AuthorizedRCA Test Equipment Distributor.

$189.50* Optional cistributor resale price. Maybe slightly higher in Alaska, Hawaii and the West. Pricessubject to change without notice.

RCA ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND DEVICES,HARRISON, NEW JERSEY

The Most Trusted Name in Electronics

SEPTEMBER 1965 71

it

Community repeater with tin tone decoder.This repeater delivers 35 w output in thefrequency range from 450-470 Mc.

Press reports on communicationssatellites Relay, Telstar and Syn-com have captured the public imag-ination with exciting stories abouthow these orbiting satellites pro-vide long range intercontinentalcommunications. Earthbound count-erparts, although certainly less glam-orous, are providing a much neededanswer to the communications needsof thousands of two-way radio users.

The communications satellite re-ceives and retransmits microwave ra-dio signals from widely separatedstations - taking advantage of thestrategic position of the orbitingsatellite with its built in repeaterto provide long range coverage.UHF repeaters, as used in mobileradio systems, perform a similarrelay function from a building ormountain top location and provideextended range communications.

Usage IncreasesThe impact of UHF repeater use

is evidenced by increased activityin the 450-470 Mc UHF Business

Two -Way4 9letak Oemeaets

KAAR Engineering Corp.

Sub-audble tone unit. Five tone reeds are shown installedwith provisions made for five more.

Radio and Class A Citizens RadioServices.

A review of FCC license data forthe week ending October 31, 1964showed that the number of unitslicensed in this frequency range act-ually exceeded those in either theVHF low band (25-50 Mc) or VHFhigh band (150 Mc) ranges.

An analysis of license grants forthis particular period revealed that40 percent of all units licensed inthe Business Radio Service were forUHF, 31 percent for VHF highband, and 29 percent for VHF lowband. Some indication of the growthhere is shown by comparing this in-formation with data from earlierperiods. For example, in 1960 only8 percent and in 1962 only 16 per-cent of Business Radio license au-thorizations were in the UHF range.

It is well known that the mush-rooming demand for two-way ra-dio systems by business users is caus-ing a tremendous pressure on allavailable frequencies. This situationis especially critical in the crowded

urban areas where hundreds ofusers compete for air time on thelimited number of channels avail-able for business use.

The pressure on frequencies isgreat in all classes of service, butwith thousands of firms now depen-dent on two-way radio as a toolin a competitive business environ-ment, the demand for frequencies inmany areas has gone far beyondthe limited supply and the need hasreached a critical level.

A comparison of the various fre-quency ranges used for two-wayradio systems shows that the VHFfrequencies have an advantage overUHF on a cost -per -mile basis,especially where mobile to mobilecommunications are needed. Thetypical direct mobile to mobile rangein low band is 15-22 miles, highband 7-10 miles, and 4-6 miles atUHF.

Extended CoverageIn our highly mobile age, more

and more users are finding a need


Community RepeatersService -dealers are permitted to bring parties together in a sharing

agreement and sell equipment to the users, charge for site rental

and maintenance

for extended mobile to mobile cov-erage, and find an answer in amobile relay operation. The Fed-eral Communications Commissionpermits such operation for businessusers in the UHF (450-470 Mc)range under the Rules of theBusiness Radio and Class A CitizensRadio Services.

An example of the need for mo-bile to mobile communications isfound in the construction industrywhere a contractor directs the activi-ties of a number of widely separatedjobs while he operates as a "man-ager on wheels" from his vehicle.

Without adequate mobile -to -mo-bile range, all calls would have tobe directed to the office base stationto be relayed verbally by a stationoperator to the other field units.The time delay and the likelihoodof error inherent in this systemis undesirable when on -the -spot de-cisions, accurately relayed, are thekey to coordination of men and ma-terials for a successful project. Thepopularity of mobile relay com-munications lies in its ability toprovide instantaneous and directcontact with all units throughout agiven area of operation.

Mobile Relay PlanningIn planning a mobile relay sys-

tem, the one most critical factorin providing extended range serv-ice is the height of the base stationantenna. Therefore, a building ormountain top location is highly de-sirable. Where such sites are notavailable, tall towers must be em-ployed to provide the needed cov-erage.

UHF mobile relay operation hasbeen widespread for a number ofyears, especially in the westernUnited States where mountain topsites adjacent to large metropolitanareas has provided a natural answerto coverage needs. Installations ,onMount Wilson in the Los Angelesarea, Mount Diablo in the SanFrancisco area, and Lookout Moun-tain near Denver, for example, havecontributed to the widespread useof UHF in these key western mar-kets. In these areas, coverage fromcontrol station to mobile, or mobile -to -mobile, of up to 100 miles hascontributed to the tremendous pop-ularity of UHF service.

The cost of repeater stationequipment, site rental, and equip-ment maintenance, has frequentlylimited such systems to large firmswho could justify the expense.Often, however, it is the small firmswhich can most profit from mobile -to -mobile service, and yet have beenunable to afford such a system. Ananswer for the smaller firms isfound in a sharing program where acommon repeater is operated undera cooperative or community plan.

The FCC has long permittedsharing of radio station facilities.The practice of sharing base stationshas been frequently used in the Pub-lic Safety Radio Service where anumber of political subdivisionshave found it advantageous to workon a sharing program for more econ-omical and better communicationsthan would be possible on an in-dividual basis.

The cooperative use of a repeaterunder the Business Radio Rules

makes it possible for a number offirms to have the advantages ofmobile relay type operation withoutthe expense of their own system. Inaddition to the benefit of relativelylow cost operation, the frequenciesare used on an orderly basis ratherthan on a competitive basis which isusually encountered in the two-wayfield. From the viewpoint of publicbenefit, the shared systems offergreater channel efficiency and there-by meet the over-all goal of maxi-mum using frequency spectrum util-ization. Since mobile relay opera-tion entails two frequencies ratherthan a single channel, it is especiallyimportant to employ the shared ap-proach to get maximum use fromavailable channels.

In permitting cooperative use ofa repeater, the FCC does not pro-pose that an individual directly prof-it from the sale of a communica-tions service. Adequate provisionsare made under FCC Rules, Part21, for the development of a RadioCommon Carrier business in whicha communications service is provid-ed for hire. In the case of the co-operative use of a base station orrepeater, the FCC calls for sharingthe expense on a non-profit basisand provides safeguards against vio-lation of this principle by requiringthe parties to a sharing agreementto give evidence of compliance withthe non-profit intent of the agree-ment.

The two-way radio equipmentservice -dealer is permitted to bringtogether the parties in a sharingagreement and may sell the equip-ment to the users, as well as charge

SEPTEMBER 1965 73

Dynacoustic Laboratories' 905A tone burstten -tone decoder.

for site rental and maintenance. Hefinds, therefore, an excellent op-portunity to expand his businessthrough development and encour-agement of the community repeaterprogram.

Tone SignalingEarly repeater use in the Class

A Citizens Service led to situationswhere a mobile unit operating out-side the coverage area of its ownrepeater would often unintentionallykey another repeater using the samefrequency pair, and, thereby,achieve an unexpected extension ofoperating range. As channel load-ing increased, however, it becamenecessary to protect each individualsystem from unauthorized use

through the employment of tonesquelch systems. The Business Ra-dio Rules, in fact, make it manda-tory that a tone system be used sothat in addition to having the prop-er carrier frequency, the mobileunit would have to transmit theproper tone frequency before itcould work through a given repeater.

Many tone systems consist of the"tone burst" approach in which asingle tone in the range of 1000 to3000 cps, generated by a tone gen-erator or encoder in the mobile orcontrol station, would open thesquelch in the repeater receiver andretransmit a corresponding tone tothe mobile. This system worksquite well in areas with minimuminterference, but has the disadvan-tage that once keyed, the repeaterwill stay on as long as a carrier ispresent on its receive frequency.

The trend, recently, has beentoward using continuous tone sys-tems, operating in the sub -audiblefrequency range of 70 through 200cps. Under the continuous tone sys-tem, a repeater is held in the repeatfunction for the duration of the timethat a tone is present on a receivedsignal. Under both systems, the FCCrequires that provision be made tomonitor the frequency before trans-mitting so a monitor function isprovided when the mobile micro-phone is lifted from its hanger orwhen a switch is actuated on thebase station microphone. AnotherFCC requirement calls for a three -minute timer which will automat-ically disable the repeater transmit-ter after a transmission of threeminutes duration.

Tone DecodersTo satisfy the special require-

ments of shared systems, manu-facturers have developed commun-ity repeaters which incorporate mul-tiple tone decoders so a number ofusers can share the same repeaterwithout interference from otherusers in the system. Both the toneburst and sub -audible tone systemsare available for such applications.

In one typical community repeat-er, provision for up to ten tones areavailable. In the case of the sub -audible tone system, a single toneunit is used for the three -fold func-

tion of identifying the appropriatetone signal, keying the repeatertransmitter, and generating an ap-propriate tone for the repeater trans-mitter.

A single tone reed is used in thissystem for each repeater sub -system.As users are added to the system,the technician merely adds a newreed to the repeater to correspondto the tone frequency selected forthe new user. Provision is made fora maximum of ten different tonesfor a given repeater, and this willtypically represent from 50 to 60mobiles in the system. Experiencehas shown that this is a near satura-tion level. Once the repeater hasreached the point where the trafficload impairs the usefulness of thesystem, another complete commu-nity repeater is installed.

Under the community repeaterprogram, it is possible to go beyondnormal economic considerations toprovide optimum performance andsystem reliability. In such installa-tions, the heart of the system is therepeater, and since a number ofusers are sharing the cost of thiscommon element, it is possible touse relatively expensive accessories-highly sensitive receiver pre -am-plifiers, high powered transmitteramplifiers, and high gain antennas-and yet maintain a relatively lowcost for each individual user. Theend result is a better and moreeconomical system than would beotherwise possible.

Because the entire system is de-pendent on repeater operation, itsfailure would result in the loss of allcommunications so it is essential,therefore, for the repeater and itsassociated equipment to be designedfor maximum reliability.

Community repeaters have re-sulted in better two-way communi-cations for many users and has theadditional benefit of more orderlyuse of a rapidly crowding radiospectrum. The future of this systemhas great promise and is expectedto be extended soon in many areaswhere VHF is reaching the satura-tion point. From all aspects, thisrelatively recent innovation is fill-ing an important place in the rap-idly growing two-way radio com-munications field.


EN/1yThe quality goes in before the name goes on

Choose from the complete linebuilt to Zenith's high quality standards!

ZENITH FAMOUS QUALITY TUBESZenith replacement picture tubes and receivingtubes meet the famous quality standards se: forZenith "original" parts-your assurance of the

world's finest performance! Wherever you are lo-cated. :here's a Zenith Distributor near you, whocan supply you qt ickly on a day today basis.

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Complete line of more than 180 top-qualitypicture tubes ... color, black -and -white, spe-cial purpose. These picture tubes have thesame standard of quality that goes into Zenithtelevision sets as original Zenith equipment.

Zenith black -and -white replacement picturetubes are made only from new parts and material except for the envelope which, prior tore -use, is inspected to the same standards asa new envelope. In color tubes the screen,aperture mask assembly and envelope are in-spected and tested to meet Zenith's highquality standards prior to re -use. All electronguns are new.

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Complete line of mDre than 800 top-qualityreceiving tubes ... made to the same qualitystandards as original equipment in Zenithproducts! Mo"e than 1,500,000 tube hoursire accumula-.ed every month by Zenith's life -testing under actual pe ra ti ng con d ition s. Thisi isures that Zenith "Royalty Crest" tubes havegreater reliat ility which reduces costly call-backs ... and longe - life which increases cus-tomer satisfaction!

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replacement picture tubes and receiving tubes.Specifications subject to change without notice.


.1( TOUGH DOG CORNER

Difficult Service Jobs Discribed by Readers

Horizontal BendingA Zenith chassis 14L36, was

brought into our shop accompaniedby a complaint of severe horizontalbending. When we tuned in a test pat-tern from a local station, the patternwas twisted and the top pulled oneway and the bottom the other. Thebending effect was somewhat station-ary, however. I replaced all tubes inthe horizontal and sync sections butno improvement was indicated. Wechecked the horizontal dual diodewith a VTVM and it turned out to begood. The waveform at the plate ofthe sync clipper appeared normal onthe scope and the waveforms at theanodes of the horizontal diode alsoappeared normal. I removed the syncinput from the horizontal control bydisconnecting the wire that feeds theupper half of C47 (see schematic) butthe bending persisted. Then I adjustedthe horizontal hold control carefullybut the bending wouldn't straightenout. As I figured it, all these checkslocalized the trouble to either thehorizontal AFC stage or the oscillator.Voltage readings were made in thesetwo stages with a VTVM but they

Horizontal AFC circuit, Zenith 14L36 chassis.

SYNCINPUT

C 475IPf

all checked normal. And resist-ance checks in this area did not leadme to conclude that anything was outof the ordinary. I then noticed, whileadjusting the vertical hold control,that the horizontal sync was affected.This made me aware, for the firsttime, of interaction taking place be-tween the vertical and horizontalstages. I substituted the vertical tube,6FM7, and the trouble suddenlycleared up! I would never have sus-pected this tube of causing the hori-zontal bending in a million years. Butit was the culprit as subsequent checksproved. First, I gave the tube athorough check on the tube tester. Itshowed that the tube was shorted. Ithen checked between various pinswith the VTVM. I discovered a 3Mleakage between pins 3 and 4. Pin 4has no internal connection, so thesocket terminal was used as a tiepointfor C50, C44, R40 and R41 (seeschematic). Pin 3 of the 6FM7 is thecontrol grid, so apparently a portion ofthe vertical signal was leaking into thehorizontal AFC stage. This leakagecaused the severe bending. - P. L.Pierce, Jr., Morgan City, La.

VERT1/2 6FM7 OUT

I/26GH8HORIZ AFC

THIS POINT TIED TO TERMINAL4 OF 6FM7 SOCKET

No Horizontal SyncA Symphonic, 10P16 chassis, having

no horizontal sync, was brought intoour shop recently. After checking iton the bench for some time, ourinvestigation showed that it wouldlock in at times but most of the timethe picture would be out of horizontalsync.

The vertical hold appeared good atall times. Tubes in the horizontal mul-tivibrator and the sync separator sec-tions were substituted with known-good tubes but no improvement wasshown. The AFC dual diode was dis-connected and a good one substitutedbut the condition still remained thesame. All voltages in the horizontaland sync separator sections werechecked with a VTVM but no unusualvariations were noted at any point.The waveforms in both of these sec-tions were also checked with the scopeand they appeared to be within toler-ances.

My next move called for injecting asignal from my analyzer into thesync now locked in good. The lockwas good also when I injected thesignal into the individual IF stages.After the analyzer was disconnectedand the antenna was reconnected, thehorizontal sync resumed its formerpoor condition. I suspected AGCtrouble at this point but after con-necting a bias -box in the circuit, noimprovement was shown.

I now decided to substitute all tubesin the signal path. I began with theoscillator -mixer, a 5EA8, in thetuner. Then I suddenly noticed thatsomeone had substituted a 5U8 forthe 5EA8. When I removed this SUSfrom a tuner socket and replacedit with a known good 5EA8, thehorizontal sync snapped in andlocked perfectly. To double check, Itook a known good 5U8 and sub-stituted it for the 5EA8 - and theset lost horizontal sync again. Then itresumed normal operation, havingvery strong horizontal hold, when the5EA8 was reinserted in the socket. Itried another 5EA8 - with similargood results. I then let the set "cook"for a few hours and returned it to thecustomer-Albert N. Williams, Chelt-ham, Md.


[JUL 1111

New design for color...and all other!

QUICK -CHECKSMORE COLORTV TUBESWITHGm* ACCURACY

kultlakes test under actual'PM -operating conditions

NEW&Kmodel 707

DYNAMIC MUTUAL CONDUCTANCETUBE TESTER with obsolescence protection

Tests:New and old TV andRadio Tubes. TestsNuvistors, Novars,10 -pin tubes, 12 -pinCompactrons, EuropeanHi-Fi tubes, VoltageRegulators, and MostIndustrial types.

You're always ahead with B&K. The new "707" gives you the famous B&Kprofessional tube -testing speed and efficiency-plus the ability to test morecolor TV tubes with Gm* accuracy.

Provides multiple -socket section to quick -check most of the TV and radiotube types the true dynamic mutual conductance ways-plus simplified switchsection to check other tube types in Dyna-Jet emission circuit. Also includesprovision for future new sockets.

You can quickly check all the tubes in the set, detect hard -to -locate weaktubes that need replacement ... sell more tubes, save call-backs, and makemore profit. Makes test under set -operating conditions. Checks each section ofmulti -section tubes separately. Checks for all shorts, grid emission, leakage, andgas. Makes quick "life" test. Exclusive adjustable grid emission test providessensitivity to over 100 megohms. Quickly pays for itself. Net, $18995

NEW TUBE INFORMATION SERVICEKeep your tube tester up-to-date.Subscribe now to tube informationservice, available every 3 months.

See your B&K Distributor or Write for Catalog AP22-R

B & K MANUFACTURING CO.DIVISION OF DYNASCAN CORPORATION

1601 W. BELLE PLAINE AVE. CHICAGO, ILL. 60613Canada: Atlas Radio Corp., 50 Wingold, Toronto 19, Ont.

Export: Empire Exporters, 123 Grand St., New York 13, U.S.A.

. .. for more details circle 16 on postcard

SEPTEMBER 196577

ileAra COLORFAXMotorola Appoints

James A. Torrence has been ap-pointed director of color televisionpicture tube engineering for the con-sumer productsdivision of Mo-torola, Inc., ac-cording to S. R.Herkes, vice pres-ident and generalmanager of thedivision. Mr. Tor-rence was for-merly assistantdirector of color Torr.nceTV tube engineering and is succeededin that position by Richard Lindeman.

The new director of color TV pic-ture tube engineering has been withthe company since 1953 and firstmoved into color television tube re-search in 1962. He was promoted tochief engineer for color tubes in 1963and in July 1964, was named assist-ant director of color picture tube en-gineering. As director of that depart-ment, he succeeds Karl H. Horn, whoresigned to accept another position.

Mr. Torrence is an electrical engi-neering graduate of Fournier Instituteof Technology.

Mr. Lindeman has been with thecompany since 1956 and became chiefmechanical engineer for the color tubeprogram in 1962. He is an electricalengineering graduate of the Universityof Michigan.

RCA Victor 1966 Color ChassisScreen sizes in RCA's 1966 line

include 21 in. models, continued pro-duction of instruments using a 25 in.color picture tube, and a table model19 in. color television receiver.

The 21 in. color instruments use theCTC16X chassis. Various types ofhome entertainment instruments usingthe CTC16X are available, includingtable models, consoles and colorcombinations equipped for FM, FM/stereo, AM and stereo phono. Al-though the CTC16X is basically acontinued version of last year's 21 in.chassis, a number of engineeringchanges and tube-type changes havebeen introduced.

Twenty-five in. receivers use thenew CTC-17X color chassis. Generallythe CTC-17X is similar in many re-

spects to the CTC17 of last year. Thisnew color chassis, however, has addi-tional provisions to prevent the possi-bility of UHF radiation interference;a transistorized circuit to provide forpositive blanking of the color picturetube during vertical retrace; and addedstability in the color section by usinga frame -grid tube in the burst ampli-fier stage. The CTC17X chassis is em-ployed in deluxe console instruments.

Instruments using the 19 in. rec-tangular 90 deg color picture tube em-ploy the CTC19 color chassis. Al-though the CTC19 is a new chassis,the performance and service featurescontained in previous color chassis(especially those of last year's 25 in.chassis) are retained including: "X"and "Z" demodulation to recover R -Y,B -Y and G -Y color difference signals,simplified set-up procedures for con-vergence, purity and gray -scale track-ing.

The CTC19 is designed to operatethe 19EYP22, rectangular 90 degCRT. The tube is a scaled -down ver-sion of the manufacturer's three -gun,shadow -mask 25 -in. tube used in theCTC17 chassis.

Although the physical size andshape of the chassis is new (for ac-commodation of a 19 in. picture tube),the general operation of the receiverclosely follows that of the 25 in.CTC17. Two "solid copper circuit"boards are used in main chassis con-struction. Instruments employing theCTC19 chassis uses VHF tunerKRK128.

All receivers are factory equippedfor UHF operation, using the tran-sistorized KRK120 UHF tuner. Re-mote control is included in somemodels. The three -function, all -tran-sistor KRS28 remote receiver currentlyemployed in black -and-white instru-ments is utilized.

Sound signals in CTC19 are proc-essed by a three stage sound circuit,using a frame -grid 6JC6 as sound IFamplifier, a 6HZ6 as demodulator anda familiar 6AQ5 in the audio outputcircuit.

The front-end of CTC19 consistsof a tuner with a nuvistor and frame -grid mixer and two IF stages usingframe -grid tubes. Two video amplifiersare employed in the new color chassis.Like in the company's previous colorchassis, the brightness signal is dc

coupled to the cathodes of the picturetube via green and blue drive controlcircuits, and a convenient serviceswitch is included for tracking adjust-ments. When this switch is in the serv-ice position a fixed potential is appliedto the cathodes of the picture tube andvertical sweep is collapsed.

The CTC19 features a one -stagechroma bandpass, "X" and "Z" de-modulators and color-difference amp-lifiers to recover R-Y, B -Y and G -Ysignals. The progression of chromasignals through these stages followsclosely the signal flow in the CTC17.

A 6GF7 tube is used in the verticaloscillator output stage. Althougha few component values have changed,the basic circuit follows closely thevertical circuits in the CTC17 colorchassis. Likewise, the horizontal os-cillator AFC circuit is closely relatedto that used in the CTC17 oscillatorcircuits employing a 6FQ7. A 2AV2focus rectifier, and a 6BS3 damperare used. The Horizontal output tubeis a type 6KM6. The 6BK4B shuntregulator used in the CTC19 is afurther refinement of the 6BK4family. The 3A3 is used as the highvoltage rectifier tube. A 24 kv secondanode voltage for the 19 in. picturetube is provided by this rectifier. Thehigh voltage control is in the grid cir-cuit of the shunt regulator; a 1000 Elmetering resistor appears in thecathode.

Doubles Color TV Set OutputSylvania has doubled its color tele-

vision set manufacturing capability, itis announced.

Speaking before distributors anddealers during the introduction of thecompany's 1966 line of television,stereo and radios, Robert J. Theis,president of Sylvania EntertainmentProducts Corp., said the expansionprogram was completed recently at itsBatavia, N.Y., facility.

"Earlier this year, I said that ap-proximately 2.2 million color receiverswould be sold in 1965," according toMr. Theis. "I believe this figure willbe met and perhaps surpassed depend-ing on picture tube production. Tokeep pace with this tremendous growthin color television, we have doubledour capacity to produce color sets inour Batavia plant."

78


Compare Collook at the rest . . .

and you'll buy the best, newThe all solid-state B&K Model 1245 Color Generator

duplicates the waveforms transmitted by a color TVstation.

Adherence to these waveforms makes it easy to con-verge the color tube, check sync and make other rasteradjustments . . . and the color generator with stationquality signal will be able to sync next year's sets.Generators with compromise waveforms do not give youthis obsolescence protection.

Here are oscilloscope photographs from the outputsof two typical competitive color generators, one tran-sistorized and one tube type, and the B&K Model 1245.The detailed analysis with each photograph shows a fewof the reasons why you'll save time and effort with B&K.

COLOR CROSSHATCH

STANDARD STATION SIGNAL

WO"

seNeiwwwit

One horizontal sync pulse with Two lines showing horizontal syncits color burst. pulse with black and white tv signal,

TRANSISTORIZED UK MODEL 1245

Good duplication of station signaincluding back porch. 11 the set wonsync, the set is defective.

Well defined back porch on hori-zontal sync pulse permits accuratelysetting color killer and almost elimi-nates need to adjust brightness andcontrast.

TRANSISTORIZED GENERATOR A

r.

r,

No back porch causes unstablecolor sync. Burst amplitude compres-sion may permit sync on wrong colorbar.

0111111111941996 4461111"bi1i

IWO

Square wave horizontal sync pulsewith no back porch and poor dc cou-pling forces adjustments of brightness.contrast & fine tuning to obtain usablepattern.

GENERATOR B

J1081111141116..-.°

No back porch; color informationon top of sync -pulse makes sync diffi-cult on some sets.

Complete absence of any backporch necessitates readjustment ofbrightness, contrast and fine tuning t

obtain a usable pattern.

See your B&K Distributor for a demonstrationor write for Catalog AP22.

For the first time, with the no -compromise wave-forms from the B&K Model 1245, it is possible toaccurately set the color killer threshold control witha color generator.

The miniature size and convenience of the Model1245 match its performance. It provides crystal -controlled keyed rainbow color bar display, anddot, crosshatch, horizontal line and vertical linepatterns as well as gun killer controls that willwork with any picture tube. Size only 2% xx 8W. Net $13495.

B & K MANUFACTURING CO.DIVISION OF DYNASCAN CORPORATION1801W. BELLE PLAINE AVE. CHICAGO, ILL. 60613

Canada: Atlas Radio Corp 50 Wingoid, Toronto 19, Ont.Export. Empire Exporters. 123 Grand St., New York 13, U.S.A.

SEPTEMBER 1965

... for more details circle 17 on pos4card

79

E NEW PRODUCTSFOR MORE INFORMATION CIRCLE NEW PRODUCT NUMBERS ON POSTCARD INSIDE LAST COVER.

Stereo Adapter Cable 200A stereo adapter cable that makes

it possible to interconnect foreignbuilt tape recorders to U.S. mademicrophones, headphones, amplifiersand speakers is announced. The adap-ter cable, model 330G, is designed

to plug directly into 5 -hole socketsfound on foreign built equipment. Itcan also be used to interconnect pre-amplifiers and crystal or ceramic highimpedance cartridges to many record-ers. Switchcraft.

Outlet Box 201An electrical outlet box, which ac-

cepts both standard two -prong ac andsafety U -ground plugs is introduced.The Model 602 unit is designed forOEM, lab, school and workshop use.Rated at 15 amp, 130 v continuousduty, the boxes have five individual

U -ground outlets and include a three -wire 6 or 15 ft neoprene cord set.The unit is housed in a steel case fin-ished in silver gray -textured hammer -tone. Size 85/3 x 21/4 x 11/2 in. Waber.

Leak Detector 202An ultrasonic detector which in-

corporates a small meter for makingrelative sound measurements as wellas a standard loudspeaker is an-nounced. According to the manufac-turer, this feature is of particularvalue in areas of high intensity audi-ble sound where even the accessoryheadset is ineffective in eliminating

44outside interference for the user. Atypical case would be in the vicinityof operating jet engines. Techsonics.

Amplifiers 203A line of portable amplifiers is an-

nounced. The Mercury 600 (illus-trated) has 2 instrument inputs with a5 w peak power output. The Gemini700 with an 8 in. speaker is rated at

8 w peak power. The ApolloNo. 800, with 30 w power output,has a 12 in. speaker. The ReverbNo. 900 has 30 w power output andthe Atlas 1000 features 40 w peakpower, 2 channels and 2 speakers.Gregory.

Stereo Phono 204This stereo phono has a solid-state

amplifier with 32 w peak power (16w EIA), a 4 -speed record changer,a ceramic cartridge, and a 6 -speaker

audio system. Each remote speakerunit has one 8 in. woofer, one 4 in.and one 31/2 in. tweeter. A 45 rpmspindle is included. Zenith.

Microphone 205This omnidirectional, dynamic mic-

rophone is 25/3 x 3/4 in. It is for use

on a stand or in the hand, concealedin studios or on shooting locations,hanging over a stage or in a varietyof other general applications. Shure.

Two -Way Radio 206A 2 -way FM business radio, de-

signed for small business and pro-fessional men, is announced. Engi-neered to operate in the 25 to 50 Mc

COURIER 60F1.1

range the Courier 50 FM offers 50 wpower coverage and is available witheither ac or 12 vdc power ECI.

Stereo Amplifier Kit 207A solid state stereo amplifier kit

is announced. The LK60 kit includes

front -panel stereo headset output;separate bass and treble controls foreach channel; complete tape recorderinput and output facilities; and oN/oFFswitch for headphone listening. Scott.


B&K MODEL 970 RADIO ANALYST

SERVICE AM & FMAUTO AND TRANSISTOR RADIOS

AT A PROFIT!Jobs that used to be unprofitable noNi go so quickly that you can makegood money handling them! There are millions of auto radios and tran-sistor radios in the field-portables, auto and table models, plus hi-fiand commuinications equipment. Instead of turning them away, you canturn them into money-makers with the B&K Model 970 Radio Analyst.

The 970 is effective because it's accurate and complete. Using thefamous B&K signal injection technique, this all -D -one instrument pro-vides the required de power, lets you test power aad signal transistorsin and out of circuit; generates RF and audio sign51s, and includes arugged, accurate VOM. Four functions in one compact package-withsolid state reliability, B&K professional quality.

LOW INVESTMENT-QUICK RETURNSee your B&K Distributor or write for Catalog AP22-R Net S19995

B & K MANUFACTURIN 3 Co -DIVISION OF DYNASCAN CORPOf'ATION1801 W. BELLE PLAINE AVE. CHICAGO, ILI- .0.13

Canada: Atlas Rad,o Corp.. 50 Wingold. Toronto 19. 13n1Export: Empire Exportes, 123 Grand Si , New York 13. U.S.A.

SEPTEMBER 1965

FEATURES:BUILT-IN POWER SUPPLYAuto Radios-High current, low -ripple, fortransistor, hybrid, and vibrator types.Trarsistor Portables -11/2 to 12 volts forbattery substitution-plus separately vari-able voltage tap for bias.

QUICK AND ACCURATE TESTING OFPOWER AND SIGNAL TRANSISTORSIn-Circuit-stage by stage DC signal injec-tion and sensitive metering of power supplycurrent.Outof-Circuit-Direct Beta and Leakagemeter scale readings. Easy balancing ormatching.

VERSATILE SIGNAL GENERATORSRF Generators-provide broadcast and IFfrequencies for both AM and FM bands.Audio Generator-for AM or FM modula-tion of the RF signals, and for trouble-shooting audio circuits.

RUGGED VOMVo4t-OHM-Milliammeter-with rugged,taut band meter-provides correct rangesfor easy, fast servicing of all home andauto radios, as well as transistor portables.

... for more details circle la on postcard

81

HOW DIDWINE GARD

PUTFULL SIZE

POWER IN A1/2 SIZE ALL -BAND

(UHF -VHF -FMCOLOR

ANTENNA?

.11111.--

-""1"PIP:

WITH

WINEGARDCHROMA-TEL

I

dew newsuper -,compact high

gain antennadesigned specifically

for all -band UHP-VHF"Color Reception and FM

4

A big disadvantage of most all -band (UHF, ',.711F,FM) antennas is that they are larger and 4avierthan necessary. This is because they are really VHFantennas with UHF antennas tacked on di() frontend. Chroma-Tel isn't. It's super -compact arid the

first integrated antenna designed specifically forall -band UHF -VHF color operation.

How did we reduce the size so drastically withoutsacrificing performance?

Two ways. First with our new Chroma-Lens


1

Director System. With this unique system, we are,for the first time, able to intermix both VHF andUHF directors on the same linear plane withoutany sacrifice of performance.

Second, with Impedance Correlators. These arethe special phasing wires that automatically stepup the impedance of Chroma-Tel's 72 ohm drivenelements to 300 ohms. The correlators make sureeach element has an accurate 300 ohm impedanceat its given frequency. No other antennas with mul-tiple driven elements have this! They also allow usto place the elements only 53/4" apart instead of10" to 14" apart as on other all -band antennas,reducing antenna length by one-half.

With the new Winegard Chroma-Tel antenna, wehave eliminated half the bulk, half the wind loading,half the storage space, half thetruck space, and half the weight... yet still have the best work-ing, easiest installing UHF -VHF -FM antenna ever developed!

You give your customers aneater installation that performsas well or better than any otherall -band antenna on the market... and at a much lower price.Compare Performance. You can'tfind an all -channel UHF -VHF -FM antenna that willgive you better results than Chroma-Tel. Look atthe polar patterns. There are no side lobes withChroma-Tel because the elements are straight ...unlike V'd elements that offer an element surfacesideways to the signal, Chroma-Tel's straight ele-

Exclusive WinegardImpedance Correla-tors insure 30C ohmimpedance on eachelement

Compare Size and Price. We've illustrated thesuper -compact Chroma-Tel CT -80 and a com-parable V type antenna. Note the difference insize, price and weight for equal or better per-formance. Because it's even much smaller thanordinary VHF antennas of comparable perform-ance, it is perfect for attic installations, too!

140'

Winegard Chroma-Tel V type (Approximate Figures)Boom Length: 60" 140"Total Weight: 5 lb., 1 oz. 10 lb., 3 oz.Carton Size: .97 cu. ft. (less than 1) 5.8 cu. ft.Number of 17 12

Elements:List Price: $27.50 $50.00

So compact it fits in theback seat of a car

All Chroma-Tels include Winegard'smodel CS -283 UHF -VHF signal splitter.Splitter hangs conveniently behind TVset. Separates UHF and VHF signalscoming from antenna to the two sets ofterminals on your set. It's yours FREEwhen you buy Chroma-Tel.

ments will not pick up ghosts from sides or back.Chroma-Tel's front -to -side ratio is practically in-finite-Chroma-Tel's exceptional front -to -backratio is up to 30 db.

Compare Construction. The Chroma-Tel is Winegardquality throughout ... from its sales -making com-pact 4 -color box, to its weather resistant Gold Vinyl-ized Finish, to its first quality snap -lock hardware.

For complete information on the exciting newWinegard Chroma-Tel All -Band Antenna, ask yourdistributor or writefor Fact -Finder #242today.

Model CT -90 $37.50

Model CT -80 $27.50 Model CT -40 $17.50

itinegard Co.Antenna Systems

300C Kirkwood Burlington, Iowa... for more details circle 66 on postcard

SEPTEMBER 196583

NEW PRODUCTS

Asbestos Wire 208A line of asbestos wires and cables

designed for operation in high tern-

11111=11111111ffilimism.perature (above normal) environmentsis announced. Included in the line arepower cable, apparatus cable, motorlead cable, hinge cable, boiler room

wire, rheostat wire, switchboard wire,projector and arc lamp cable. Alpha.

TV Service Manuals 209A single -set service manual system

eliminates the need for purchasing

SINCLPAN NITiv mg "

a lot of good dealers here ...

. ...,..... fv . . lir '1,-- 0)

* . S

but room for lots more

CAN YOU QUALIFY? Do you have a sound knowledge

of radio and/or communicationsequipment?

Have you the desire to install andservice this unique equipment?

Do you have an establishedbusiness reputation? Goodcredit rating?

Have you a real interest indynamic new products?

Do you want to make really bigprofits?

MANY PRIME AREAS STILL OPEN ...WRITE TODAY FOR FULL DETAILS!

e an authorized

e.c.i. dealwith the mos

profitable

CB & BB 2 -way

radio line in the

country!

Name

Address

City State®.©{1. electronics communications. inc.dept. ET9, 56 hamilton ave., white plains, n. y.

schematics and service data on othersets which are not needed. For thefirst time, the manufacturer claims,technicians can buy a single pack-aged unit which will contain authenticfactory service data in complete form.Price $0.79. Singlpak.

Bridging Amplifier 210A transistorized, remotely powered

outdoor bridging amplifier coveringthe low through high VHF band, in-cluding FM and intermediate bandsis announced. The model B1 unit, themanufacturer claims, features 20 db

gain to four distribution line outputsand is designed for strand mounting.Remotely powered through the co-axial cable, the amplifier is availablewith electronically regulated powersupply circuits for 28 v or 60 v. En-tron, Inc.

Antenna 211An all band antenna, pre -matched

for use with 75 2 coaxial cable, is an-nounced. The log periodic type anten-na is specially designed for home in-

stallations employing coaxial cablelead-in. No mast mounted matchingtransformer is needed. Jerrold Elec-tronics Corp.

Auto Stereo 212The Craig C502, an auto stereo set,

with solid-state two -channel stereoamplifiers, dual -stereo playback headsand push-pull output is introduced.

The unit is made of steel with abrushed -aluminum face plate and isdesigned for mounting on any makeauto. Auto Sound Division, CraigPanorama, Inc.

84



ALL NEW FROM 6to #

MULTI -SOCKET

SPEED...No Compromise

In Accuracy!

. '

From the laboratories of the world's leading tubetester manufacturer comes the model 799 "Mustang"-a completely new tube tester.Multi -socket tube testers used to have two seriousdrawbacks: circuit limitations made them obsoleteovernight and, at best, no more than 10% cf theirtests were actually mutual conductance. But theHickok "Mustang" doesn't compromise; it delivershonest mutual conductance tests. And a unique cir-cuit approach, together with an easily replaceableaccessory socket panel, makes it "circuit ready" for

(k,

OBSOLESCENCE

PROTECTION

Realistic, PracticalNo Compromise!

MORE PROFIT

Because You'll SellMore Tubes ..

Sell ThemHonestly!

MODEL 799

$19995

any possible new tube types.A solid-state power supply gives increased accuracyand dependability. An all -transistorized gas and leak-age test circuit sets a new standard of reliability forspotting "tricky" tube defects that can "chew up"your profit. You can actually read interelement leakageto 50 megohms; gas grid leakage effects to 0.1 µa!

We call it the "Mustang" because it uses fresh, newengineering ideas and because it gives you a realopportunity to break into new profits.See it at your HicPok distributor or write for circular TT799.

Ask your distributor about the Hickok credit plan.

THE HICKOK ELECTRICALINSTRUMENT CO.10523 Dupont Avenue, 3Ieveland, Ohio 44108Represented in Canada by Sta-k Electronics. Ajax, Ontario

- - -af g - Internationally by Hughes International, Culver City, California

SEPTEMBER 1965

. . . for more details circle 35 on postcard85

NEW PRODUCTS

Multiplex Tuner Kit 213An FM Multiplex Tuner Kit is in-

troduced. The LT110B comes with aninstruction book. The manufacturer

claims that usable sensitivity of theunit is 2.2 /iv; signal-to-noise ratio is60 db; harmonic distortion; 0.8 per-cent drift, 0.02 percent; and frequencyresponse, 20-20,000 cps -±-1 db. Cap-ture ratio is 6.0 db; selectivity is 35db; spurious response rejection, 80db; and separation is better than 30db. H. H. Scott, Inc.

Electrical Cleaner 214A cleaning solvent for use on elec-

tric motors, generators, and electricalequipment components is announced.The solvent removes dirt, contamin-

Extend theof ANY C. B.

"Talk Power"Transceiver

Withrion's CLR 2y-

The most powerfulbase station antenna

all -directionalfor Citizens Band...

Deliversomni-directional power

equivalent to what you'd getwith a 12.55 watt rig!

For maximum range and greatest reliability in CB communications, Hy -Gain'sCLR2 is the one all -directional non -rotating antenna that is built to do the job. It isloaded with electrical and mechanical features that clearly put it in a class all of itsown. Take for example the electrically extended % wavelength vertical radiator.Here we're talking basics but they're vitally important basics. In test after testconducted by every authoritative source in the electronics field, a % wavelengthradiator has conclusively proven to deliver a stronger signal over a greater areathan either a '/4 wavelength or 1/2 wavelength radiator. The chartgraphically showshow power wasted in the atmosphere by 1/4 wavelength and 1/2 wavelength radiatorsis concentrated into a lower, more ex-tended arc close to the horizon by a %wavelength radiator thus providing astronger signal over a greater area.What else does the CLR2 have that makes it deliver maximum "Talk Power"? It hasthe original static -removing "top hat" that drastically cuts receiver noise...amoistureproof matcher that insures total electrical reliability ...a unique electricalsystem that puts the entire antenna at DC ground for maximum static removal andlightning protection ...rugged, heavy duty, all-weather construction rated to with-stand winds up to 100 mph. For maximum all -directional "Talk Power" from anyCB transceiver ...for greatest customer satisfaction...recommend or install Hy -Gain's CLR2. Sensibly priced at $29.95 CB Net

Available from your Hy -Gain Distributor or writeHY-GAIN ELECTRONICS CORPORATION

8567 N.E. Highway 6-Lincoln, Nebraska 68501. .. for more details circle 36 on postcard


ants, moisture, oil and grease, the an-nouncement said: Lectra-Clean is usedfor general bench cleaning, prepaintcleaning, general equipment wipedown, and in motor and componentdip tanks. Corrosion Reaction Con-sultants.

Meter -Sentry 215A solid-state device that protects all

types of meter movements againstoverload damage is announced. Ex-

ternally connected directly across themeter movement terminals, the Meter -Sentry bypasses any overload currentsaround the instrument, thus preventsmeter burnout and needle damage,the manufacturer says. Semitronics,Corp.

PA Amplifier 216A transistorized 350 w mobile pub-

lic address amplifier is announced.This amplifier is already in use by the

U.S. Government for missile rangesurveillance, psychological warfare,air/sea rescue, crowd control, towedcargo handling, etc. It can be operatedon any battery voltage from 12 to 32v, however, a 32 v battery is requiredfor a full 350 w output. Current re-quirements are, 1 amp with no signalout, to 15 amp at full output. It canbe used for sound trucks, aircrafts,helicopters, and hand pack installa-tions and various other applications,according to the announcement. Ap-plied Electro Mechanics, Inc.

Two -Way Radio 217A 2 -way radio for use in urban

transit vehicles is announced. Theunit provides contact between dis-patcher and motorman and also al-lows communications from the dis-patcher over the vehicle's public ad-dress system to the passengers. Theradio locks into place at a mountingrack which is installed in the motor-

man's compartment on each end ofeach car. The radio is transistorizedand weighs less than 12 lb with micro-phone. The unit operates on 24-44vdc external source power supply,and has an RF output of 8.0 w at 32v of primary power input, the manu-facturer said. The unit contains avoltage regulator and voltage spikeprotection circuitry. All connections,including antenna, power, and footswitch push -to -talk, are made througha single cable, terminated with a plug,which makes convenient contact witha receptacle at the bottom of the ra-dio. Motorola.

gre?it(small inventory)

Imagine-- just 6 Sonotone® crystal cartni.ges replace 146 mode -s. In microininia-tares, the Sonotone Micro -Ceramic -0 series updates to 1965 performance Imostany phonograph using a ceramic cartridge produced within the past 20 years.

Replacements in transistor phonographs? The "24T", "27T" and "35T" Micro -Ceramics are the answer. For the world's "safest cartridge," try the "21TR' withits fully retractable, hinged mounting bracket, bottoming button and Sono -Flex®stylus. Replacements in the top -end hi-fi models? The audiophile -accepted Sor.otone"9T" series is your best bet. And from the standpoint of customer satisfactior, onlySonotone cartridges are equipped with the virtually indestructible Sono -Flex stylus.Now the clincher: Sonotone cartridges are direct replacements in more than 15million phonographs in which they are original equipment.These are just a few of the reasons you need sock fewer Sonotone cartridges thanother brands-and still have the right replacement for just about every phoncgraphthat comes into your shop. For comprehensive cartridge replacement guide, write:

SONOIONE-audio products.)

Sonotome Corp., Electronic Applicators D vElmstord, N. Y.Export Singer Prods. Co. nc., N.Y.0 ,Cab.e: EXRECNIS, Sr..

SEPTEMBER 1965


87

CRYSTALSare not all the

same!

If your dealer is temporarilyout of stock or don not carryTexas Crystals, send us hisname along with your order.Minimum order, check orC.O.D. is 35.00. Add Se percrystal for postage. 10e forair mail.

Texas Crystals quality is outstand-ing as evidenced by use in nu-

merous government space projectswhere there's no compromise withquality, reliability or accuracy. Forcommercial two way, ham operationor special frequency control crystals,Texas Crystals are your best buy.

Send for Free Catalog ss it h Circuits

TEXASCRYSTALS

A Division of Vililteholl Electronics Corp

1000 Crystal Drive 4117 W. Jefferson Blvd.Fort Myers, Florida Los Angeles, Californiahone 813 WE 6.2109 Phone 213 731-2258


NEW PRODUCTS

Soldering Kit 218A "bubble" package format for

parts distributors is used to packagea line of soldering irons. Ten packstrips of bubble packaged soldering

tips and tiplets can be pegboarded,the manufacturer announced. UngarElectric Tools.

USWRFS

Model eRCD-4;47.50

NEW FROMENGLAND....

BALFOUR

Pri;tem4,AUTOMATIC/MANUAL

TURNTABLE

SYSTEMS

will outperform,outplay and out-last most chang-ers on the mar-ket that sell for

twice the price!

WriteFor

Details Model PRC-2;37.50

RFS INDUSTRIES, INC. 102 HARBOR ROAD, PORT WASHINGTON, NEW YORK 11050Tel (516) 883 7575

Stereo Headphones 219The Model HS2 stereo headphone

is announced. Diaphragms with ac-coustic rear mesh in the driver cavityprovide uniform bass to below 20 cpsand high frequency range extends to17,000 cps, the manufacturer reports.

The stereo headphones mad be con-nected to any stereo or mono systemand are equipped with eight ft inputcable and standard three -conductorphone plug. Accessory phone -jackpanel is also available. Jensen Mfg.Co.

Microphone 220A dynamic lavalier microphone is

introduced. The Model S-58 has afrequency response of 60-13,000 cpsand output level of -60 db, the man-

ufacturer says. impedance is com-bination hi or 150u. A 25 ft cableand lavalier assembly are also furnish-ed, according to the firm. The TurnerMicrophone Co.

SCRs 221A series of 35 amp RMS, 22 amp

average, silicon controlled rectifiersis announced. The 2N681 series, themanufacturer reports, offers 12 trans-ient peak reverse voltage ratings from35 to 960 v, peak forward gate cur-rent of 1.2 amp, peak reverse gatevoltage of 5 v, peak forward gate volt-age of 10 v, peak gate power of 5 wand average gate power of 0.5 w for

... for more details circle 53 on postcard88


all units in the series. Tung -Sol Elec-tric Inc.

Engraving Tool 222An engraver used for engraving

names or identification numbers onsteel, copper, brass, silver, aluminum,glass, plastic, ceramic, wood and stoneis announced. This 6 in. -long engraverweighs 7 oz. A reciprocating motor

with nylon housing powers a carbidepoint. It is used for personalizing orcoding personal property, tools, in-struments and business equipment theannouncement said. Meredith Separa-tor Co.

Battery Racks 223A wire rack designed to combine

a number of popular transistor radiobatteries (VS323, 9 v and VS334 1.5v) and "D" size flashlight cells (VS036) in 6 in. counter space is an-nounced. RCA.

Heed an Exact Replacement Control?

Your Centralab Fastatch 0. II Distributor

Has Over

In Stock!Sk."

With the Fastatch II system, your Centralab distributor can supply any of9,938,500,000 different exact replacement control combinations. You'll see thatthese replacements look like the original, because they have:

IAMCACT3length shafts for single, dual concentric and twin controls.

MlInCcD3

shaft end (round, half round, knurled, slotted, etc.)

[21 /1 mounting hardware (doghouse, twist -tab, reverse, etc.) and,of course, exact resistance and taper.

Although they look like the original, these controls will outperform theoriginal-thanks to Centralab's patented snap -together permanent -locking,anti -backlash construction.

See your Centralab Fastatch II distributor whenever you need a replacementcontrol. Whether for color or black and white TV, hi-fi, stereo, or radio,he can supply it!!

For additional information on the Fastatch II Control System, write toCentralab, Distributor Products, P. 0. Box 591, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201,TWX : 414-731-8731. (In Canada: Centralab Canada Ltd., P. 0. Box 400,Ajax, Ontario).

CentrAab4

86509 DIVISION OF GLOBE -UNION INC.

. . . for more details circle 22 on postcardSEPTEMBER 1965 89

NEW PRODUCTS

Compactron 224A compactron which can serve as a

two -stage intermediate -frequency tele-vision amplifier is introduced. Themanufacturer reports that by re-placing two or even three tubes in themanufacture of an IF amplifier, thecompactron can save manufacturersup to 20 percent of their previous tube

Perk it up with Perma-PowerCOLOR-BRITEPerma-Power does for color TV setswhat we've done for millions of black andwhite CRT's: adds an extra year of usefulpicture tube life.

When a color tube begins to fade,COLOR-BRITE instantly brings back thelost sharpness and detail. It providesincreased filament voltage to boost theelectron emission and return full contrastand color quality to the 3 gun colorpicture tube.

COLOR-BRITE is automatic . . . noswitching or wiring. Just plug it in. Yourdelighted customers will brighten up asfast as their color sets!Model C-501, for round color tubes.

List Price $9.75Model C-511, for rectangular color tubes.

List Price $9.75

eicm4.71oweit,

COLORBRITE is a Hue.Briteproduct from PermaPower,

famous in TV service forb & w VuBrites and TuBrites.

COMPANY5740 N. TRIPP AVE., CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60646

PHONE (312) 539-7171


cost. The 9BJ11 compactron provideshigh transductance and low capaci-tance in each section. General ElectricCo.

Color CRT Tester 225A CRT tester -rejuvenator which

provides dynamic type checks of eachelectron gun for relative life, cutoff,contrast range, gun balance in multi -gun tubes, and other operating condi-

tions and defects is announced. Theinstrument also incorporates a volt-meter, capable of measuring up to50,000 v. The meter has two voltageranges -0 to 1000 and 0 to 50,000.The unit measures 9 x 12 x 5 in., andweighs 7.5 lb, according to the an-nouncement. Amphenol.

Transformer 226A tapped auto boost -buck trans-

former designed for converting thenominal output voltage of a line ofconstant -voltage transformers to spe-cific load requirements is announced.The Type TA Autoformer has a rangeof adjustment approximately ±15 per-

cent from 118 v nominal. Three mod-els of the autoformer are available:2000 v amp capacity, 4000 VA and10,000 VA, the announcement said.Sola Electric Co.

Use thischeck list beforeyou installa home TVdistribution system

COAXIAL VHF TWINLEAD*VHF

COAXIALUHF/VHF

TWINLEAD*UHF/VHF ANDUHF ONLY

Channels received 2-13 2-13 2-83 2-83 (14-83for UHF only)

Color reception when properly installed Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent

Cable loss:@ channel 13 for VHF only@ channel 83 for UHF VHF

4 db(foam filled)6 db (solid)

1.8 db '100 ft.@ Channel 13

9 db(foam filled)13 db (solid)

5.6 db 100 ft.@ Channel 83

loss increase when wet Nil Negligible Nil Negligible

Excellentproperly installed

Excellentproperly installed

Reception when run near or through considerableamounts of metal

Excellent Notrecommended

Excellent Notrecommended

Ease of installation More difficult Easy More difficult Easy

Extra parts required Connectors,matchingtransformers

None Connectors,matchingtransformers

None

Performance in strong -signal areas Excellent Excellent-fair** Excellent Excellent-fair**

Performance in weak -signal areas Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent

Cable pickup of interference (ignition, appliances, etc.) None* ** None-slight* * None* * * None-slight* *

A high quality, low -loss foam encapsulated cable type "Depends upon local conditions Poorly designed accessories will pickup interference.

Once you know the facts-there is one best choice for your home system-Blonder-Tongue. Whether youprefer 300 ohm or a 75 ohm coax system, Blonder -Tongue hos the products you'll need. There is only one

way you can protect your home TV system against obsolescence when new UHF stations come on the air-

that's with a Blonder -Tongue all -channel UHF VHF system.Blonder -Tongue products designed for all -channel home systems include: All -channel signal amplifiers(V/U-All-2 indoor and U/Vamp-2 mast mounted); all -channel couplers (A -102-U V two -set and A -104 -UV four -set). Rounding out the all -channel concept are UHF VHF matching transformers (CablematchU/V set mounted; MT -283 mast -mounted) and the TF-331-J V flush-mourted feed-thru.Take your pick. Blonder -Tongue makes them all-and all are "Color Approved". Buy the line with 15years of quality leadership. Write for free booklet "How to Plan a Color -Approved Home TV System".

BLONDER -TONGUE9 Ailing Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102home TV accessories closed circuit TV community TV UHF converters master TV

SEPTEMBER 1965


91

NEW PRODUCTS

Guitar Speakers 227A series of three bass speakers de-

signed for use with electronic guitarsis announced. The manufacturer re-ports that the Model 10K5S8 is 10 in.in dia and has a peak power handlingcapacity of 25 w. Its frequency rangeis 40 to 8000 cps. Model 12M6S8 is12 in. in dia and has a peak power

handling capacity of 40 w. Its fre-quency range is rated at 35 to 8000cps. Model 15M6S8 is a 15 in. diam-eter unit with a peak power handling

THIS GREAT NEW SIGNAL GENERATOR IS A

`MUST' FOR YOUR SHOP...

Model 1500 SIGNAL GENERATORYou'll use theModel 1500 day -in, day -out totroubleshoot:

AM, FM andTRANSISTOR RADIO

fro BLACK/WHITE and

COLOR TV

vo COMMUNICATIONSand HIFI EQUIPMENT

$3150

I

"".11Mis.

SPECIAL FEATURE!Separate high level audiooutput for troubleshootingHi-Fi sets and video ampli-fiers

The multitude of varied consumer electronic products on the market

today places an ever thenicreasingdemand on your time and servicing

skill ...and makes need for a fast operating and accurate signal

generator 4reater than ever. You'll find the new Model 1500 Signal

Generator indispensable in your every day work ...A complete high

output signal generating source is provided for point-to-point signal

injection enablin minutes.to check all circuits stagey-stage and pin-

point trouble inThe Model 1500 is also invaluable as a

marker generator. No longer do you have to rely on your ear for

alignment ...alignment is achieved withIn addition,

recisiothen Model

accuracy ...quickly a1500 provides modulated signora, with adjustable control. The Model

1500 offers more versatility, ge and accuracy than any other

Slightly higher in the Westsignal generator in its price class.

SPECIFICATIONS Seven overlapping

bands cover all pop-ular fruencies required in your dailywork ...eq115KC to 110MC

A anel slide switch enables you tochapnge the generator output from pure

RF sine wave to 400 cycle AM modu-lated RF, each with control for adjust-able output level

Modulated signals to check RF, IF,convertor and detector

An accurate marker generator foralignment work ... all popular TV andradio frequencies are

identified on theeasy -to -read dial scale

Separate 400 cycle audio output pro-vided to check audio driver, audiooutput and video amplifiers

Operates on 110.120 volt 60 cycle

Line isolated ...safe to operate with

any equipment Smooth output attenuator level control

Permanently aached low -loss co-axial

cable serves all outputs ... no cablechange over necessary

Insulated test clips permanently con-nected to the chassis for simplicityand convenience

Large, easy -to-read precision etched

scale with vernier tuning knob

Housed in modern metal case withconvenient storage compartment

(NRIZZLIA1/1 ELECTRONICS CORPORATIONmanufacturers of quality electronic products

315 Roslyn Road Mineola, New York 11501

capacity of 40 w. It has a frequencyresponse of 30 to 8000 cps., accord-ing to the announcement. OxfordTransducer Corp.

Dry Cell Charger 228A converter/charger for cordless

devices, extends the service life ofcommon carbon -zinc, alkaline andmercury batteries in two ways; by re-charging the batteries when the deviceis not in use, and by allowing the de-vice to be operated directly from anyordinary 110 -vac outlet. The unit con-sists of a miniaturized power supply,

411_.----,,

.444kr.." r --

..mss "

composed of a transformer, rectifierand filter. The converter/charger canbe used on transistor radios and taperecorders, electric shoebrushes andtoothbrushes, children's toys, moviecameras, electric knives and all typesof dry cell battery powered devicesin use today. Dynamic InstrumentCorp.

Mobile Antenna 229A monowhip Model SM27A CB

mobile bumper mounting antenna forthe 27 Mc citizens band is introduced.The feed cable is internally connectedto the antenna at its midpoint. Thislowers the angle of radiation and be-cause the feed point is above deck

level when bumper mounted, themanufacturer claims, the radio signalsare radiated with almost equalstrength in all directions from thecar. B&K/ Mark.


Drop

the

bushel

...and

get a

handful

You'll still fill all your replacement needs withjust a few G -E Entertainment Semiconductors

A

DO

I hat's the whole reason be-hind G.E.'s universal line ofentertainment semiconductors-a few will replace a wholebushel of different components.

Take the handful of G -E semiconductorsshown above . . . representative of G.E.'sEntertainment Semiconductor line whichcan fill virtually all of your daily radio, TV,and appliance replacement needs:1. GE -10 GENERAL PURPOSE TRANSIS-TOR for AF amplifier -driver -output.2. GE -504A UNIVERSAL SILICON RECTI-FIER for both black and white and colorTV receivers.3. GE -505 GENERAL PURPOSE SILICONRECTIFIER for radio and TV power sup-plies, toys, light dimmers, electric toothbrushes, appliance controls, and many othercircuits.4. 6GC1 DUAL DIODE for selenium TV dis-crimination diode.5. GECR-1 COLOR TV RECTIFIER forcolor TV focus.G.E.'s 11 universal transistors alone will

GENERAL

replace over 3000 different components.Now, for those out -of -the -ordinary replace-ment jobs, General Electric has a completeline of back-up entertainment semiconductors(a total of 42, including 12 new additions)designed to replace literally hundreds ofcomponents-from dozens of different manu-facturers.Two new Entertainment Semiconductor Kits forfast, convenient servicing. The revised generalpurpose 915C Kit (shown) and the all -newcolor TV 916 Kit incorporate the latest newadditions to G.E.'s line for all your TVservice needs. 285-10

ELECTRIC

woe

Manual

Fill out this coupon

and take it to your

Authorized G -E Elec-

tronic Components

Distributor and re-

ceive FREE the new

edition of G.E.'s Elec-tronic Components

HOBBY MANUAL.

General Electric is anxious to help youwith your everyday service problems.

You can help us, and earn your freeHOBBY MANUAL, by recommending

three new devices we can perhaps addto our line.

DISTRIBUTOR SALES

OWENSBORO. KENTUCKY

NEW ADDITIONS (1)

12)

t3)

COMMENTS

NAME_

ADDRESS

CITY

STATE

SEPTEMBER (965


...1( NEW PRODUCTS

Color TV Kit 230A color TV kit, designated the

GR53A, is announced. The set con-tains a degaussing coil to demagnetizethe picture tube whenever the set ismoved, and a built-in dot generatorfor occasional adjusting of the picture.The set has all channel reception, 2through 83; a 26 -tube, 8 -diode cir-cuit; Standard-Kollsman tuner with

0O

push -to -tune fine tuning for individualVHF plus transistor UHF tuner; 24,-000 v regulated picture power; auto-matic color control and gated AGC;and a 6 x 9 in. front mounted speake:-.Heath Co.

b\c).\.\=*gclv\o,

with OXFORD Transducerrear AUTO SPEAKER KITSse at

Now, one great line ... OXFORD TRANSDUCER ... gives youblanket coverage of the auto rear seat speaker kit field.

OXFORD gives you three separate price and value levels. . the CUSTOM line . . . the DELUXE line and the

4, STANDARD line. In all, there are 11 different speakerkits to choose from.All kits are designed and engineered to the highestperformance standards, to give top satisfaction toyou and your customer. Alnico V magnets, andoversize gap clearances, compatible to originalautomotive equipment used throughout the entireline. Easy to install, no soldering: solderless con-nectors used on all speakers. Top quality switchesand faders throughout the entire line. Wiring har-

nesses are completely assembled and heavy gaugeplastic coated wire are but two of the extra quality

features of the entire line. Switches and controls are bothfungus and moisture resistant for longer life and trouble-

free operation. Complete with all necessary hardware.

ColorfullyBoxed

toSell!

Get the complete story on the OXFORDTRANSDUCER line of 11 different auto rear seatspeaker kits . . and "BLANKET THE MARKET".

Write for Catalog A -I 05:

OXFORDTRANS DUCEREPCOMPANY

OXFORD ELECTRIC CORPORATION

3911 South Michigan AvenueChicago, Ill. 60653

Motor Speed Control 231A solid state, speed and power con-

troller is introduced. The SCR -1 canbe used to control the speed of uni-versal type ac dc motors such as arefound in many stirrers, beaters, handdrills, sanders, saws etc. It is suppliedwith a 6 foot, three -wire groundedline cord. Maximum rating is 7 amp,120 vac. It is equipped with auto-

matic circuit breaker and pilot light.Price is $19.95. Scientific Equipment.

Lab Instrument Line 232A line of portable instruments for

lab and school use is introduced. Fifty-one standard ranges are available in22 units for shop setups and bread-board wiring devices. The G/P series

has a 31/2 in. plastic meter with aknife edge pointer. The molded plas-tic cases measure 4 3/16 x 37/8 x4 3/16 in. Triplett.

Microphone 233A speech clipping, comunications

microphone, the D501K is announced.The microphone is a hand-held stylewith press -to -talk switch, for mobile

applications. It contains transistor cir-cuitry to provide a variable amount ofspeech clipping. Electro-Voice, Inc.


BOOK REVIEWS

FUNDAMENTALS OF TELEVI-SION. By Walter H. Buchsbaum, Pub-lished by John F. Rider Publisher,Inc. 291 pages, hard cover. $9.95.

This book places emphasis on thebasic fundamentals of television. Prac-tical troubleshooting procedures arepresented together with a thoroughtheoretical coverage of black andwhite and color TV. Color TV theoryand procedures are worked in alongwith a well written informational pre-sentation on monochrome TV. Theauthor begins with a complete reviewof how a TV picture is formed, howit is broken down for transmission andhow the information is transmitted.He describes how the color informa-tion is integrated into the existingblack and white frequency spectrum.Coverage is then extended to the re-ceiver and individual circuitry andprinciples are described. Helpful ser-vicing information is woven into thetext as the reader progresses. Onechapter gives complete coverage ofboth black and white and color re-ceiver alignment. The book is recom-

mended reading for either students orprofessional technicians. It presentshighly technical information in easy -to -understand form for the student andoffers the expert a chance to brush upon his monochrome theory and learnmore about color principles.

MOST -OFTEN NEEDED 1965 RA-DIO DIAGRAMS. Published by Su-preme Publications, Highland Park,II!. 192 pages, soft cover. $2.50.

This volume contains schematics,servicing information and alignmentprocedures for a great many currentradio sets. Many transistor and tableradios are covered along with combi-nations, stereo, FM and multiplexunits. The information contained inthe manual is furnished by the manu-facturer and most popular brands arecovered. The data is presented in easy -to -read form and the book will be anaid to technicians who do a lot ofradio work.

MODERN ELECTRONIC VOLT-METERS. By Sol D. Prensky. Pub-lished by John F. Rider, Publisher,Inc. 224 pages, soft cover. $4.95.

Designed as an aid to greater pro-fessional competence, this book will

111111110P9P"'"'""---1

$12995Dealer Net

Compare - we'll matchthe 900's performanceagainst any color bargenerator in the popularpriced field!

give the reader a thorough under-standing of electronic voltmeters. Itbriefly reviews fundamental prin-ciples, covers specific instruments anddelves at length into well -establishedservice test procedures. Fifteen chap-ters cover basic principles of elec-tronic voltmeters, diode voltmeters,elementary dc VTVMs, general-pur-pose ac/dc VTVMs, using the VTVM,transistor voltmeters, dc testing, actesting, RF testing, high -sensitivity acvoltmeters, high -sensitivity dc volt-meters, electronic microammeters andgalvanometers, potentiometric volt-meters and recorders, digital volt-meters and specialized applications. Abibliography is provided for those whowould like to extend their studies inthis area. The text is well illustratedwith schematics, drawings and photos.It is highly recommended to profes-sional technicians in all phases ofelectronics.

MOVING?Be sure to let us know yourrew address. Please enclosea complete address labelfrom one of your recentissues.

All -Transistor Color Bar GeneratorRugged, solid-state Seco 900 puts you on top of the boomingColor -TV Service Market... with the finest unit in the field!

Setting new standards in both engineering and design, Seco's new Model 900 will outper-form every other color bar generator on the market!' A true precision instrument that offersbrightest dots and purest color quality, the 900 takes the "guess" out of color TV -servicing,makes possible big new profits in the booming color service field!

Only the Seco 900 offers all of these features: Single Burst Dots are bright --rock- solid wil/ rot move Purest Color Quality -10completely different co/or bars . . positive graduation from color to color Single TraceHorizontal Lines-ate bright, sharp... begin and end during horizontal retrace No BlinkingOn Cross Hatch-at any intensity level All Transistor Circuit-for highest reliability andinstant operation with no warm-up Outstanding Stability-Zener regulated power supply... crystal controlled oscillators!

SECO ELECTRONICS CORP., 1205-B So. Clover Dr., Minneapolis, Minn. 55420

SEPTEMBER 1965


95

FREEsend today for your

ALLIED508 -PAGE 1966 CATALOG

ALLIEDELECTRONICSFOR EVERYONE 1966

knight kit ..404

ALLIED RADIO

THE CATALOG MOST-USED BY SERVICEMENOne order to Allied fills the whole billfor all the parts and servicing equip-ment you need. For everything in Elec-tronics, get and use the 1966 AlliedCatalog-send for it now!

SAVE ON DEPENDABLEknight -kilt INSTRUMENTS

KG635 5 -Inch DC to5.2 Mc Wideband Oscilloscope Kit. $99.95

KG650 RF SignalGenerator Kit-widerange, extremelystable. $23.95

KG -625 V VTVM Kitwith 1/2 -Volt Full -ScaleDC Range. Includesprobe. $36.95

KG -375 SolidStateUniversal Auto Analyzer Kit. $49.95

EASY TERMS:Use the Allied CreditFund Plan-up to 24months to Pay

satisfaction guaranteed or your money beck

ALLIED RADIOFALLIED RADIO, Dept. 28-J

100 N. Western Ave., Chicago, III. 60680 Send FREE 1966 Allied Catalog

FREECATALOG

NamePLEAS! PRINT

Address

CityI-

State Zip-

NEW LITERATURE

Audio Products 300This 14 -page catalog describes a

line of audio equipment and replace-ment parts. Many types of cartridges,tonearms and needles are listed. Alsoincluded are specifications on a seriesof ceramic microphones and a selec-tion of speaker systems. SonotoneCorp.

Contour Charts 301This four -page bulletin contains

contour charts for two column typespeakers. Instructions on how to usethese charts for speaker system layoutare also presented. Jensen Mfg. Co.

Coaxial Installation 302The advantages of using coaxial

cable for home antenna lead-in arestressed in this four -page brochure.A line of antennas and kits necessaryto make a 75 2 installation are de-scribed. Jerrold Electronics.

Commercial Antennas 303Electrical and mechanical specifi-

cations of a line of mobile and basestation antennas for use on the com-mercial radio frequencies are con-tained in this data sheet. Master Mo-bile Mounts.

Electrician's Tools 304A line of electricians' wiring tools

is described in a six -page booklet.Complete specifications and applica-tion information are included for anassortment of tools for wire fishingand pulling, wire and cable stripping,and circuit testing. Ideal Industries,Inc.

Sound Systems 305Amplifiers and sound systems for

commercial and industrial applicationare described in a 20 -page booklet.Specifications for a line of publicaddress amplifiers and accessories aregiven. A short description of what isrequired of a PA system is included.Harman Kardon.

Church Microphones 306A four -page brochure describes a

line of microphones and accessoriesdesigned for church and synagogueinstallations. Information and sugges-tions on how to use these microphonesis also provided. The Turner Micro-phone Co.

Phono Needles 307A 32 -page catalog gives data on

more than 600 phonograph needles.

The catalog also contains retail pricelistings as well as cross referencesto other brands of needles. JensenIndustries.

Electronic Kits 308This 36 -page catalog contains nu-

merous electronic kits. Hi Fi/stereocomponents, test and measuring in-struments, CB transceivers, ham gearand educational training aids are de-scribed. EICO Electronic InstrumentCo., Inc.

Soldering Iron 309A pencil type soldering iron is

described on this data sheet. Ratingsand specifications are also given.Weller Electric Corp.

Solid State Components 310A replacement line consisting of

9 transistors, 12 silicon rectifiers, 4silicon diodes and 3 dual diodes iscross referenced in this six -page bro-chure, I.E.H. Mfg. Co., Inc.

Tools 311This 12 -page brochure contains

specifications of a line of tools usedin maintaining telephones, relays,central office equipment, precisioninstruments, and business machines.Jonard Industries Corp.

Antenna Displays 312This brochure describes a series of

communication antenna displays. Anumber of antenna accessories arealso listed. The Antenna SpecialistsCo.

Power Tools 313A line of power tools are listed in

this 20 -page catalog. Drills, circularsaws, jig saws, sanders and lawn andgarden tools are included. A selectionof accessories for these tools are dis-played. Prices, specifications and ap-plications are given. Skil Corp.

Wrench 314An adjustable grip wrench is de-

scribed in a data sheet. Specificationsand application of the tool are given.G. and G. Tool Co.

Antennas 315A line of antennas for commercial

appplications such as CATV, trans-lator, MA -TV and ETV is describedin this six -page catalog. Both VHFand UHF antennas are included.Taco.

Indoor Antennas 316This 12 -page brochure describes a

line of indoor antennas. Specificationsand outstanding features are included.A large photo of each antenna is dis-played. Channel Master Corp.



OH PLUS

PERFORMANCE

FROM

°AMON

SPEAKERSAll Oaktron speakers feature theexclusive Aluminum Voice Coil. Thistempered, all aluminum form elimi-nates warpage from humiditychanges and from severe overload.The unique aluminum Voice Coilalso provides increased sensitivityand longer speaker life.

A complete range of sizes and stylesare available in Oaktron Baffles.Styled in smart furniture finish,Oaktron Baffles feature 1/2" hard-wood, double strength interlockingcorners, and solid glued and stapledgrills.

For complete information, writetoday for your FREE Catalog.

0VIM WPM RUM UM

AKTRONINDUSTRIES INC

OARTRON INDUSTRIES. INC., MONROE. WIS.

Test Equipment 317This ten -page catalog contains

specification on a line of test equip-ment used for TV/Radio, industrialelectronic and electrical applications.Many accessories and adaptors for theequipment are included. VOMs,VTVMs, Scopes, other types of me-ters and some specialized equipment.Simpson Electric Co.

Tuner -Amplifier 318A solid state tuner -amplifier is de-

scribed in this data sheet. Specifica-tions, features and dimensions are in-cluded. V -M Corp.

Electron Tubes 319A numerical index, descriptions and

basic specifications of a line of elec-tron tubes are contained in a 26 -pagecatalog. The publication can serve asa reference guide for designers as

well as for replacement tubes. Am-perex Electronic Corp.

Replacement Coils 320Specifications and prices of a line

of coils and components are con-tained in a 160 -page catalog. A crossreference section listing exact replace-ment for many brands of TV sets andradios is included. J. W. Miller Co.

Relays 321A line of sealed relays are described

in this 22 page catalog. Features, de-scription, applications, ratings, speci-fications and pricing information arelisted for each type of relay. G -E.

Soldering Aids 322A line of soldering aids are de-

scribed in this four page brochure.Test adapters, tweezers and filamentscissors are also covered. The folderillustrates and gives prices on thetools. Beautech.

Antennas 323This technical bulletin describes

technical and mechanical changesmade in the line of CB antennas. An-tenna Specialists.

Test Accessories 324A 28 page catalog lists molded

patch cords, cable assemblies, moldedtest leads, connecting leads, socketsavers and test socket adapters. Pho-tographs, specifications, dimensions,schematics, operating ranges andprices are listed on all items. Pomona.

Stereo Tape Recorder 325Specifications and features for a

stereo tape recorder are given in thisbulletin. Rheem Mfg. Co.

THE

ONLYTV TONER

CLEANER

,..,TOGUARANTEEDDETuNE

COLORSETS

NEW!

COLORLU BE

ON -DRIFT TUNER CLEANER

SaPe For Plastics

designed to cleanmRATUN,nr1ALLsate COLOR/ T.V.VT.

-ONTENTS OW'4,:aJt1011S On r


SEPTEMBER 1965


NEW LITERATURE

Lamps 326This 24 page catalog contains elec-

trical and physical characteristics ofa line of miniature, subminiature andsealed beam lamps. The book containsbase diagrams, filament designs andbulb outlines. Tung -Sol.

Miniature Power Tools 327An eight page catalog illustrates a

line of bench and hang-up type tools.

......0....e 0Jackson

The catalog also contains informationon a line of flexible shafts and highspeed miniature bench grinders. Fore-dom.

Relays 328The revised edition of this catalog

contains pertinent data and prices ona line of relays. It describes solid statetime delay, sensitive, polarized andgeneral purpose relays. Potter andBrumfield.

Voltage Regulators 329This eight page catalog gives fea-

tures and characteristics for a line of

...IT'S THE FINEST

Model CRO-3 5 -inchWide -Band, High Sensitivity Oscilloscope

essential for boomingCOLOR TV

servicing ...

basic for

BLACK/WHITE TV(J) servicing...UJ

0

... also widely usedin the laboratoryand in industry

The Jackson CRO oscilloscopewas designed as a wide band

scope when color TV first madeits entry into the field. It iswidely used by professionalswho laud its stable circuitry,

accuracy and extraordinarylaboratory quality. It has

constantly been improved uponby Jackson engineers, making

the present Model CRO-3 thefinest instrument of its type.

ACCESSORY PROBES FORTHE JACKSON CRO-3LC2-IP Low

Capacity Probe $19.95LCIO-P High Voltage

Low Capacity Probe 7.95DEM-P Demodulation

Probe 9.95

00

NI

a

110

S

SPECIFICATIONS Wide band amplifier, flat within 1 DB

from 20 cycles to 5 MC Two range vertical deflection sensitivity

from 0.018 RMS volts per inch Highly stable amplifier circuits...no bal-

ancing required Positive or negative internal horizontal

sync Linear sawtooth sweep oscillator, 20 cy-

cles through 50 KC Input calibrating voltage, 10 volts peak -

to -peak Vertical polarity reversal Horizontal sweep expansion Return trace blanking Z-axis modulation...external or internal

60 cycle Direct connections to deflection

plates when required Size: 10i." Wx16-N" Dx13,10 H.Wt.: 18 lbs. 6 oz. Dealer Net $23495

See your Jackson distributor, or write for catalog,

JACKSON ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT COMPANY

S A ACKSON...I I ti III I IN I S

0

7inn

to

voltage regulators. A description onhow the regulators operate and a cir-cuit diagram is included. Sola.

Speaker System 330This four page brochure describes

a pair of Hi Fi speakers. It alsocontains physical and electrical speci-fications. Sonotone.

Finger Wrenches 331This brochure describes a line of

specialized finger-tip wrenches for usein holding nuts in inaccessible places.Three sets of wrenches are listed.Ames.

Voltage Regulators 332A line of automatic voltage regu-

lators are listed in this 24 page bul-letin. Ratings and specifications ofthese industrial type regulators areincluded in the bulletin. Superior.

RECORD CHANGER . . .

Continued from page 70from an audio signal generatorthrough the input and also fromstage to stage. If you have one audiochannel that is good and the otheris defective, use a 0.01 id capacitorin series with a probe and aligatorclip. Clip the capacitor lead to thegood amplifier input and play a rec-ord through the defective side. Stageby stage can be checked with thissystem. Poor balancing is the resultof lower gain in one side of thestereo amplifying section.

Intermittent audio is the mostdifficult trouble to find. These in-termittent troubles are generallybad soldered joints on a printedboard, intermittent coupling capaci-tors and intermittent tubes.

A defective volume control willsometimes become intermittent. Inthe front end of the amplifier sec-tions 60 cps hum can easily bepicked up and amplified. Be sureto cut all leads as short as possibleon new components and make goodsoldered ground connections.

The amplifier section is not a lotdifferent than the amplifier in aradio or TV set. A few additionalfeatures exist in the stereo ampli-fier. They all have the sametroubles. A good example of thisis shown in Fig. 3. The 35C5 audiooutput tube shorted and burned thecathode resistor R16, screen drop-ping resistor R24, and the two 150resistors in series with the seleniumrectifier. The rectifier plates werepitted and burned black in spots.

98



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These parts were replaced and theset was back in operation again.

SpeakersMost speaker troubles can be

easily located. It is always bestto replace a defective speaker witha good name -brand item. If thecone is torn or holes poked into ityou will notice it right away witha stereo Hi Fi unit. A mushy ordistorted sound is generally a drop-ped cone (cone is resting on the cen-ter pole piece). "Blatting" or vi-bration on certain notes will usuallyindicate a torn spider or bad conepaper. Generally, a large 10 or 12in. speaker is used for the lowrange and a 4 or 6 in. for the middlerange and approximately a 3 in.speaker for the high frequency end.

Since some stereo speakers arequite costly, it is always best tofigure an estimate and call the cus-tomer about the charges. Be sureto check the requirements of a newspeaker according to the cost, brandname, frequency response and cor-rect impedance matching. IM

ONE MAN . . .

Continued from page 62

it on stub mast. (I use a safteybelt of 21/2 in. cotton webbing so Imay work with both hands.) Ac-tually, you have better footing onthe ladder than you have on thepitched roof. Now proceed withlifting and locking the same as forground mounted mast.

Suppose you need to put the an-tenna up another 10 ft? Generallyspeaking, the higher the antennathe better the signal. Telescopingmasts are available up to 70 ft butthis is too much for one man. Fora 50 footer, assemble just as youwould a 40 footer but on first timeup leave the top section telescoped.Tie the second set of wires in placewith just a little slack, now lowerthe mast, pull out top section andelevate to full height. The secondwires will hold the mast from droop-ing while you tie the upper ones.

You can use this trick on a 40 -ftmast and put it up in near galewinds by getting ready and liftingit during a lull.

Suppose you have a tough loca-tion or a customer who wants thebest. You can obtain triangularcrank -up telescoping towers which

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99SEPTEMBER 1965

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you can handle alone up to 100 ft.These towers require a small

poured concrete base (See Fig. 3)and anchors should be set in con-crete also. I use 3- or 4 -in. pipeset 4 ft in the ground and standingabout 6 ft above ground. A hingebase mount is bolted to the concretebase.

To erect one of these towers byyourself, you'll need a light blockand tackle with about 100 ft ofrope. Use an anchor post or evenyour truck to pull against. Whenthe tower is in vertical position, tielower guys securely. Use your longladder (the tower sections are 20ft instead of 10, as with the tubularmast) and assemble as you did theroof mounted pole.

Once again, if you put it up,you'll probably have to service o:move it. So don't fudge!

PROLIFIC SERVICE . . .

Continued from page 65

pacitor, we recognize immediatelythat we must have the correct ca-pacity, and the voltage rating mustbe equal to the original or higher.Here again, is a critical applicationwhere operating ambient must betaken into consideration in select-ing the proper replacement. Theoriginal capacitor was a mica. Inaddition to observing the tempera-ture characteristics of the mica inmaking a replacement substitution,we must also select a capacitor hav-ing a low dissipation factor. Thehorizontal oscillator circuit, of whichthis is a part, operates in excess of15,000 cps. Dissipation factor is afunction of frequency; and there-fore, the dielectric material usedcan play an important role. The ma-terial itself must have a low powerfactor rating. A ceramic would fillthe requirement here if it has low"K" construction and is tempera-ture compensated.

Another capacitor that wouldwork in the application satisfactori-ly is polystyrene. Polystyrene is amember of the plastic family. It hasthe highest 1R (insulation resist-ance), however, of all the materialscommonly used and has very lowdielectric absorption.

This article will be concludednext month and will contain furthervaluable information on capacitorreplacements.

Now is the TIMEto increase

sales and profits!All tape heads do wear out.You can build profitablereplacement business withNortronics hcadsand mount-ing hardware-the "pre -sold" line for more than 700popular tape recorders!

Nortronics offers aline of quality tapehead replacements with: The largest variety of trackand channel styles The widest selection of im-pedances and gap lengths

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When you service tapeequipment, if the outputis down or the high fre-quency response is lack-ing, check the head forthese obvious defects: Groove worninto head bytape... causessevere loss ofhighs, unevengain betweenchannels. Look for thegap. If you cansee a verticalblack line divid-ing the polepieces, the headis definitely worn and should be re-placed. If any of these defects arefound, replace with an easy -to -installNortronics head. For complete infor-mation, contact your distributor, or-write to:

71olmonicAtu8133-F 10th Ave. No., Minneapolis, Minn. 55427


ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN100

NEWS OF THE INDUSTRY

Zenith Ships Million TV SetsZenith Radio Corp. announces that is has set new

all-time TV industry records with the production andshipment of more than one million TV sets during the firstsix months of 1965. Joseph S. Wright, president, saidthat the company produced and sold "its one millionth TVreceiver over a month earlier than it did last year toachieve these new TV unit production and shipmentrecords, the greatest for any company in our industry'shistory." Leonard C. Truesdell, president of the company'ssales division stated: "Zenith expects to sell more than twomillion TV sets in 1965, and become the first TV receivermanufacturer to attain and exceed this figure in a singleyear. This will be the manufacturer's seventh consecutivemillion -plus TV set sales year."

Oxford Transducer ExpandsOxford Transducer Corp. has taken over new and en-

larged quarters at 3911 South Michigan Ave., Chicago.According to executives of the firm, the move was madeto increase manufacturing and warehousing facilities. Ox-ford manufactures a line of speakers for public address,high fidelity, replacement use, special purpose applica-tions, inter -corn, automotive, plus a line of auto speakerrear seat kits.

Jerrold Educational TVJerrold Electronics educational television (ETV) sys-

tems are being installed in 110 schools throughout thestate of Delaware, under a contract awarded by theDelaware Educational Television Board. Classrooms ineach of the schools will be equipped with television out-lets connected to a closed-circuit cable system and masterantenna. Educational television programs will be distributedthrough each school via the system. The Diamond StateTelephone Co. will transmit instructional programs to theschools, via microwave and cable, from a central studio inDover, Delaware. All systems should be in operation forthe fall school term.

Channel 47 Advertising RevenueChannel 47's (WNJU-TV) gross advertising revenue is

expected to hit $1.5 million at the end of its first year ofoperation, and possibly $2.5 million at the end of thesecond, discloses Edwin Cooperstein, president and generalmanager of the station. He said those figures are based onChannel 47's highly successful Charter Rate Plan, whichclosed when the station went on the air May 16 withnearly $500,000 contracted for by national and localadvertisers. The Plan provided for rebates to advertiserswho signed for a minimum of 52 weeks prior to Channel47's debut as the first commercial UHF outlet in Metro-politan New York, and first new television station in thetri-state area in 16 years. With studios in The MosqueTheatre Building, Newark, New Jersey, Channel 47 trans-mits from the Empire State Building, Newark, New Jersey,Channel 47 transmits from the Empire State Building incolor and black -and -white to New York, New Jersey andConnecticut with a power of over 500,000 w. The stationsigns on at 4 p.m. each day, and broadcasts well pastmidnight.

SEPTEMBER 1965

before you buy anycolor generator . . .

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lines wide) Exclusive solid state reliability Exclusive volt-age -regulated transistor and timer circuits Exclusive simplifedrapid calibration Off -On Standby Switch Adjustable dotsize Color level control Connects to antenna terminals(no connections needed inside of set) Power transformer -lineisolated, to prevent shock hazard Lightweight and portable,only 41/2" H. x 75/e" W. x 103/4" D. Weight, 71/2 lbs.*Except our own V7

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Fanon Appoints Sales RepMurray Trotiner, vice president in charge of sales for

Fanon Electronics, announces the appointment of threenew sales representative organizations to the electronicdistribution market. The company manufactures inter-com, PA audio and citizens band transceiver equipment.The state of Florida will be covered by Winfield ElectronicSales Co., 66 N.E. 125th St., No. Miami, Ha. Indianaand Kentucky have been assigned to Courier Sales, 2070East 54th St., Indianapolis, Ind. For the mountain statesof Utah, Colorado, Wyoming and the eastern portions ofMontana and Idaho, Koether & Cox, 1325 So. Inca St.,Denver, Colorado, have been designated territorial repre-sentatives.

Belden EarningsBelden Mfg. Co. announces that its earnings for the

first half of 1965 increased 32.24% over the same periodlast year, while sales rose 26.35%. Net income for thesix months period ending June 30, 1965, was $1,402,474,equal to $1.72 a share compared with $1,060,521 or $1.31a share last year. The earnings for the period set a newhigh in the company's 63 year history. Sales for the pe-riod also climbed to a new high to $25,126,902, comparedwith $19,887,139 last year. Net profit on sales billed forthe first half was 5.58% compared to 5.33% for the cor-responding period last year.

Standard Kollsman EarningsStandard Kollsman Industries Inc. reports increased

earnings of $1,441,964, or 64 cents per share, for the firsthalf of 1965, compared with a loss of $925,057 for thesame period last year. Consolidated net sales rose to $43,-755,403 for the six months, from $38,546,209 in thecomparable 1964 period, it was announced by John B.Huarisa, president. For the second quarter of this year,sales and earnings are $23,806,682 and $802,422, respec-tively, up from sales of $20,104,008 and a loss of $526,-515 in the 1964 quarter.

RCA Sales and EarningsProfits and sales of the Radio Corporation of America

rose to all-time record levels during the second quarterand first half of 1965, Chairman David Sarnoff and Presi-dent Elmer W. Engstrom announced today.

Second-quarter and first-half dollar earnings increasedby 18 percent and 17 percent, respectively, over last year'slevels. The quarter was the 17th consecutive three-monthperiod in which profits improved over the comparablequarter of the preceding year. New all-time sales recordswere set for a month, a quarter, and a half -year. Junesales volume of $186,000,000 was the highest for anysingle month in the company's 45 -year history. It exceed-ed by $17 million the previous monthly record set in Oc-tober 1962. Profits after taxes in the second quarter were$18,900,000, as against $16,000,000 in the same periodlast year. For the first half, after-tax profits were $43,-900,000, compared to last year's first-half record of $37,-600,000. Earnings per share of common stock rose to 32cents in the second quarter, 19 percent higher than the 27cents in the comparable period last year. For the first


half, earnings per share were 75 cents, or 19 percent high-er than in the first six months last year. The percentageincrease in per-share earnings was greater than in dollarearnings because the manufacturer recently retired 78percent of its outstanding first preferred stock. Sinceholders of preferred stock have first call on earnings, thereduction in the outstanding shares increased the propor-tion of earnings remaining for common stock. Sales in thefirst six months were $963,900,000, setting a new markfor any half year. The previous high was $913,300,000in the second half of 1964. Second quarter sales were $488,-400,000, an all-time record for any quarter. The best pre-vious quarterly total was $486,200,000 in the fourthquarter of 1962. In comparison with the same periodslast year, the gains in sales volume were 12 percent for thesecond quarter and 7 percent for the first half.

IRC Reports EarningsInternational Resistance Company again established

new highs in its second reporting period this year, result-ing in the largest sales and net profit figures for the first25 weeks of any year in the company's history. The com-pany's net through June 27, 1965, increased 87 percentover the comparable 1964 period, on sales that gained29 percent. Net profit amounted to $1.12 per share forthe 25 weeks this year, compared with 60 cents a year agoand exceeded the $1.05 earned in the full year of 1963.Per share figures are based on 1,491,862 shares currentlyoutstanding. For the period ended June 27, 1965, profittotaled $1,675,316 compared with $896,028 for the 25weeks ending June 21, 1964. Sales amounted to $18,464,-021 this half -year and $14,321,496 a year ago.

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In your business, your reputationdepends on your recommendation.Don't risk either - always recom-mend the high -performing, trouble -free Turner 500 Cardioid. Mostproblems in PA or sound applica-tions - extraneous noises, pooracoustics, etc. - can be successful-ly solved by incorporating Turner500's into the system. So before youmake your next installation, checkthe Reader Service card for thecomplete Turner catalog. Gettails on the Model 500 - list price$84.00 - and the rest of the Turnerline, including:

MODEL 251

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SEPTEMBER 1965 103

BLOCKS FOR BUSS FUSES/

TYPES AVAILABLE FORALL APPLICATIONS / 111

iI

Single pole, multiple pole, small base, full base, moldedbase, laminated base, porcelain base for fuses from 3i z %inches up. Also signal type fuse blocks and special blocks ofall types.

Tell us what you need or...

Write forBUSS

Bulletin SFB

BUSSMANN MFG. DIVISION, McGraw -Edison Co., St. Louis, Mo. 63107

Mr. Shea assumes sales responsibility for all products whichare sold through distributors, including TV and FM re-ception aids, TV/FM distribution systems for home, com-mercial and educational use, and the entire consumer line.In this capacity, Mr. Shea will direct activities of the dis-tributor sales organization, including regional sales mana-gers, manufacturers representatives, and the company'snationwide distributor roster. Prior to joining the company,Mr. Shea was associated with Blonder -Tongue Laborato-ries, Newark, N.J., for 11 years. Most recently, he servedas product manager, responsible for national sales of closedcircuit television systems and master antenna televisionsystems. Previously, he was eastern regional manager,responsible for both consumer products and systems salesvolume in the eastern United States.

Sylvania Appoints DistributorThe appointment of General Appliance Corporation,

Salt Lake City, Utah, as a franchised distributor for theentertainment products division of Sylvania Electric Prod-ucts Inc. is announced. Robert J. Theis, president of thedivision, said the distributor will be responsible for thedistribution of his company's complete line of television,high fidelity stereophonic instruments and radios in 34counties in Idaho, 29 in Utah, 12 in Nevada, five in Wy-oming and two in Oregon.

Texas Instruments SalesTexas Instruments is reporting to its shareholders that

second quarter and first half sales and earnings were high-er than for any prior three or six months reporting period.

RUSS : The Complete Line of Fuses and .. . .

NEWS OF THE INDUSTRY

NAB Supports FCC ProposalThe National Association of Broadcasters endorses the

Federal Communications Commission's proposal to reserveUHF channels 70 to 83 for exclusive use by community -type, low -power television stations. The rule, proposed bythe Commission last month, is designed to meet the needsof medium and small communities for local commercialand educational TV operation. It would limit the maxi-mum effective radiated power to 10 kw and the maximumantenna height to 300 ft above average terrain. In a filingby NAB General Counsel Douglas A. Anello and Attor-ney Gordon C. Coffman, NAB said it "always has sup-ported the Commission in its quest for ways to providethe maximum, efficient use of the available spectrum andagrees that a need exists for relatively low -powered tele-vision stations designed to serve medium and small sizecommunities.

Jerrold Names Sales ManagerTom Shea has been named sales manager of the dis-

tributor sales division of Jerrold Electronics, Sanford Ber-lin, manager of the distributor sales division, announced.

For protection of all types of electronic and electric devices

The complete line of BUSS and "IRON Family"fuses includes quick -acting, slow -blowing, signal orvisual indicating fuses in sizes from 1/500 amperes up.

MI standard items are easily obtained through yourBUSS distributor, but if you don't find what youwant get in touch with us.

Write forBUSS

Bulletin SFR

BUSSMANN MFG. DIVISION, McGraw -Edison Co., St. Louis, Mo. 63107... for more details circle 20 on postcard

ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN104

For 135: x inchfuses. Series HPC

For 1/4 x 11/4 inch fusesSeries HJ, HK and HLD

SAVE ASSEMBLY TIME with

QUICK CONNECTTERMINALS ON

BUSS FUSEHOLDERSl'AiminaLes soldering. Permits use of

pre -assembled harness. Reduces assembly time.

Insist OnMUSS Write for

BUSSBulletin SFB

BUSSMANN MFG. DIVISION, McGraw -Edison Co., St. Louis, Mo 63107

Corporation are being distributed to company distributorsand dealers. Officials said the checks are in payment ofthe first group of some 50,000 claims expected to be filedunder its program to speed up refunds of the excise taxon distributors' and dealers' floor stocks, on the effectivedate of the tax repeal, June 22. The company has ear-marked more than $12 million to cover the program.When the Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1965 wassigned into law, the company announced to distributorsand retailers that it would help them retain their capitalposition by making advance payments on validated claimsat the earliest possible date - well in advance of the timewhen excise tax refunds from the government would belikely. The manufacturer had previously shipped outcomplete instructions to enable distributors and their deal-ers to take immediate inventories and prepare refundclaims. To speed up payments, a special staff was set upto check claims and prepare them for computer process-ing, and will add additicnal people as the work load in-creases.

Vidaire AppointsGeorge Miller, president of Vidaire Electronics Mfg.

Corp., announces the appointment of the Newhope Cor-poration as their sales representatives in the metropolitanNew York -northern New Jersey territory. The companymanufacturers a lire of television, radio, audio accessoriesand replacement components and is also the sole marketerfor all BSR products through the electronic parts distribu-tor. It also markets a line of replacement phonographcartridges, 45 rpm spindle adapters and center postspindles.

Fuseholders of Unquestioned High QualitySecond quarter sales were up 24% and earnings per shareup 16% over comparable results in 1964. Sales billedwere $106,394,000 for the second quarter and $198,004,-000 for the first six months of 1965, the shareholders reportstates. Net profit after taxes was $5,562,000 for the sec-ond quarter and $10,541,000 for the first six months of1965. Earnings per common share were $1.10 for thesecond quarter and $2.08 for the first six months of 1965on 5,050,704 shares outstanding. These compare with95 cents and $1.67 for the respective periods of 1964.Shareholders were informed that total backlog had in-creased to an all-time high of $198 million from $178 mil-lion at the end of the first quarter. It was $148 millionat year-end.

ITT Acquires Avis, Inc.International Telephone and Telegraph Corp. announc-

es the completion of the acquisition of the assets of Avis,Inc., by a new subsidiary - ITT Avis Inc. Shareholders ofAvis - the nation's second largest vehicle renting andleasing concern - approved the acquisition on May 20.The acquisition previously had been approved by theboards of directors of both companies. The vehicle rentingand leasing concern employs about 2500 persons in itsoffices located throughout the United States as well asabroad, offering truck -rentals and car -leasing services inaddition to its car -rental operations.

Zenith Mails Tax RefundsChecks totaling some two million dollars in advance

refunds of manufacturers excise tax from Zenith Sales

BUSS SHIELDED FUSEHOLDERS

PREVENTRADIOFREQUENCYINTERFERENCE

For use where fuse and fuseholder could pick up radio frequen-

cy radiation which interferes with circuit containing fuseholder

-or other nearby circuits.Fuseholder accomplishes both shielding and grounding.

Available to take two sizes of fuses -1/4 x PA" and to x 1" fuses.

Meet all requirements of both MIL -I -6181D and MIL -F-19207A.

For complete informationwrite forBUSS Bulletin SFH-12

BUSSMANN MFG. DIVISION, McGraw -Edison Co., St Louis. Mo. 63107


105SEPTEMBER 1965

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Amperex Electronic Corp. 3rd CoverAmphenol Distributor Div. 31

Arco Electronics 45

Arrow Fastener Co. 106

Atlas Sound Corp. 26

B & K Manufacturing Co. 77, 79, 81

Blonder -Tongue 91

Bussmann Mfg. Div. 104.105

Castle TV Tuner Service, Inc. 30

Centralab, Electronics Div. ofGlobe -Union, Inc.

Chemtronics, Inc.

Cleveland Institute of Electronics

Columbia Wire & Supply Co. ..E.C.I. Electronics Communications, Inc.

EICO Electronic Instrument Co., Inc.

Enterprise Development Corp.

Finney Co., The

GC Electronics Co.

General Electric Co. 46-47, 93Greyhound Corp. 35

Heath Co. 43

Hickok Electrical Instrument Co. 85

Hy -Gain Electronics Corp. 85

Injectorall Co. 105

Jackson Electrical Instrument Co. 24, 23Jerrold Electronics Corp. 36.37Lectrotech, Inc. 101

LTV University 99

Lubra Clean Co. 19

Mercury Electronics Corp. 92

Motorola Training Institute 102

Multicore Sales Corp. 106

National Radio Institute 44

Nortronics, Inc. 100

Oaktron Industries 97

Oxford Transducer Co. 94

PermaPower Co. 90Philco Corp. 43

Radio Corp. of America

RCA Electronic Components & Devices

4th Cover, 71RCA Sales Corp. 48

RFS Industries, Inc. 88

Sarkes Tarzian Tuner Service Div. 41

Seco Electronics Corp. 95Sencore, Inc. 34, 42Sonotone Corp. 87

Sprague Products Co. 25

Standard Kollsman Industries 29

Sturtevant Co., P. A. 102

Sylvania Electric Products, Inc. 23, 33Texas Crystals 88

Triplett Electrical Instrument Co. 32

Turner Microphone Co., The 102

Weller Electric Corp. 2:Windsor Electronics, Inc. 102

Winegard Co. 82-82

Winston Electronics 3E

Xcelite, Inc. 10C.

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