Electricity makes downtown Dallas sparkle at dusk.

EnergyEnergy

Energy exists in several different Energy exists in several different forms: forms: MechanicalMechanical ThermalThermal ChemicalChemical ElectricalElectrical LightLight Nuclear. Nuclear.

EnergyEnergyThe ability toThe ability todo work or do work or

cause changecause change

Heat(Thermal)

Light

SoundChemical

Electrical

Nuclear

Mechanical

Energy Bubble Map

Energy Resources can Energy Resources can be divided into 2 be divided into 2

categories:categories:

• Non-Renewable ResourcesNon-Renewable Resources• For example – coal, oil, gas, uranium or ligniteFor example – coal, oil, gas, uranium or lignite• Once used these resources Once used these resources CANNOT be used be used

again.again.• • Renewable ResourcesRenewable Resources• For example – wind, water or solar For example – wind, water or solar • These resources can be used over and over These resources can be used over and over

again.again.

Non-Renewable Non-Renewable Resources: NUCLEARResources: NUCLEAR

What is it?What is it? Uses uranium, naturally found in some rocksUses uranium, naturally found in some rocks

Advantages?Advantages? Not much waste and few CONot much waste and few CO22 emissions released, emissions released,

as well as, few other greenhouse gasesas well as, few other greenhouse gases

Disadvantages?Disadvantages? High cost to build and close down power stations.High cost to build and close down power stations. Waste Waste is radioactiveis radioactive. Problem with getting rid of . Problem with getting rid of

waste safelywaste safely

Nuclear Nuclear fissionfission Nuclear fission Nuclear fission

is the splitting of is the splitting of an atom’s an atom’s nucleus into two nucleus into two smaller nuclei. smaller nuclei. When the When the

neutron hits neutron hits the U-235 the U-235 nucleus, the nucleus, the nucleus splits nucleus splits apart into two apart into two smaller nuclei smaller nuclei and two or and two or more more neutrons.neutrons.

In a nuclear fission reaction, a neutron “bullet” In a nuclear fission reaction, a neutron “bullet” strikes a U-235 nucleus. As a result, the strikes a U-235 nucleus. As a result, the nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. More nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. More neutrons are released, along with a great deal neutrons are released, along with a great deal of energy. of energy.

In a nuclear fission reaction, a neutron “bullet” In a nuclear fission reaction, a neutron “bullet” strikes a U-235 nucleus. As a result, the strikes a U-235 nucleus. As a result, the nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. More nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. More neutrons are released, along with a great deal neutrons are released, along with a great deal of energy. of energy.

Fossil Fuels and EnergyFossil Fuels and Energy

Fossil fuelsFossil fuels are the energy-rich are the energy-rich substances formed from the remains of substances formed from the remains of once-living organisms.once-living organisms. CoalCoal OilOil Natural Gas Natural Gas

Non-Renewable Non-Renewable Resources: COALResources: COAL

What is it?What is it? Formed underground from decaying plant material.Formed underground from decaying plant material.

Advantages?Advantages? Plenty leftPlenty left Mining is getting more efficientMining is getting more efficient

Disadvantages?Disadvantages? Pollution: COPollution: CO22 emissions (linked to global warming), emissions (linked to global warming),

SOSO22 (linked to acid rain) (linked to acid rain) Heavy & bulky to transportHeavy & bulky to transport

Coal Coal Solid fossil fuel Solid fossil fuel Formed from plant remains Formed from plant remains Provides 25 percent of the energy used in the Provides 25 percent of the energy used in the

United States United States Major use is to fuel electric power plants Major use is to fuel electric power plants mined mined Difficult to obtain Difficult to obtain Most plentiful fossil fuelMost plentiful fossil fuel in the United States in the United States Easy to transport Easy to transport Produces Produces a lot of air pollutiona lot of air pollution

Coal mining can be a Coal mining can be a dangerous job. dangerous job. New safety procedures and New safety procedures and better equipment, including better equipment, including robots and drills that produce robots and drills that produce less coal dust, have made coal less coal dust, have made coal mining safer. mining safer.

Non-Renewable Non-Renewable Resources: Resources:

OILOILWhat is it?What is it? Formed underground from decaying animal and plant Formed underground from decaying animal and plant

materialmaterial

Advantages?Advantages? Quite easy to transportQuite easy to transport Efficient in producing energyEfficient in producing energy Less pollution than coalLess pollution than coal

Disadvantages?Disadvantages? Not much leftNot much left Pollution: air and danger of water pollution through Pollution: air and danger of water pollution through

spillsspills

OilOil

A thick, black, liquid fossil fuel.A thick, black, liquid fossil fuel. Sometimes called Sometimes called PetroleumPetroleum

• More than one third of the energy produced in the More than one third of the energy produced in the world world

• Fuel for: cars, airplanes, trains, ships any many Fuel for: cars, airplanes, trains, ships any many homes homes producing and using petroleum does producing and using petroleum does

affect the environment affect the environment burning it contributes to air pollution. burning it contributes to air pollution.

OilOil

Finding oil is difficult Finding oil is difficult Use sound waves to test an area for oil Use sound waves to test an area for oil Measure echoes Measure echoes Measure time sound waves travel through Measure time sound waves travel through

solid rock or liquid oils.solid rock or liquid oils. about one out of every six wells drilled about one out of every six wells drilled

produces a usable amount of oil. produces a usable amount of oil.

Refining OilRefining Oil A factory where crude oil is A factory where crude oil is

separated into fuels and separated into fuels and other products by heating is other products by heating is called a called a refineryrefinery.. Products produced from oil.Products produced from oil.

• Gasoline, heating oilGasoline, heating oil• Petrochemicals Petrochemicals

PlasticsPlastics PaintsPaints MedicinesMedicines Cosmetics. Cosmetics.

Oil refineries can affect the environment. Oil refineries can affect the environment. Chemicals produced in the refining process may Chemicals produced in the refining process may escape into the air or water, causing pollution. escape into the air or water, causing pollution.

Non-Renewable Non-Renewable Resources: NATURAL GASResources: NATURAL GAS

What is it?What is it? Formed underground from decaying animal and plant Formed underground from decaying animal and plant

materialmaterial

Advantages?Advantages? Clean, Clean, least polluting least polluting of all non-renewablesof all non-renewables Easy to transportEasy to transport

Disadvantages?Disadvantages? Some air pollutionSome air pollution Danger of explosionsDanger of explosions

Natural GasNatural Gas

Fossil fuel Fossil fuel Less dense than oil Less dense than oil Advantages Advantages

produces large amounts of produces large amounts of energy energy

lower levels of air pollutants lower levels of air pollutants easy to transport easy to transport

DisadvantageDisadvantage gas leak can cause a violent gas leak can cause a violent

explosion and fire. explosion and fire.

Natural gas actually Natural gas actually has no odor.has no odor.Gas companies add a Gas companies add a chemical with a chemical with a distinct smell to the distinct smell to the gas before it is piped gas before it is piped to homes and to homes and businesses so that businesses so that any leaks will be any leaks will be noticed. noticed.

Renewable Sources of EnergyRenewable Sources of Energy Renewable resourcesRenewable resources are naturally are naturally replaced in a short period of time. replaced in a short period of time.

Solar (sun)Solar (sun)

Wind (wind farms)Wind (wind farms)

Hydropower (energy from water)Hydropower (energy from water)

Geothermal Geothermal ((hheat from the groundeat from the ground))

Biomass (wood, garbage, plant waste) Biomass (wood, garbage, plant waste)

These These resources help resources help meet people’s meet people’s energy needs. energy needs.

Renewable Resources: Renewable Resources: (Can also be thought of as inexhaustible)(Can also be thought of as inexhaustible)

SOLARSOLARWhat is it?What is it? Energy from the sun Energy from the sun

How much left?How much left? Endless Endless

Advantages?Advantages? No pollution, can be No pollution, can be used in remote areasused in remote areas

Disadvantages?Disadvantages? Can be expensive, Can be expensive, needs sunlight needs sunlight At night it doesn’t workAt night it doesn’t work

Solar HouseSolar HouseThis solar house uses passive and active This solar house uses passive and active heating systems and solar cells to convert heating systems and solar cells to convert solar energy into heat and electricity solar energy into heat and electricity

Renewable Resources:Renewable Resources: WIND WIND

What is it?What is it? It the movement of air from It the movement of air from high to low pressure high to low pressure

How much left?How much left? Endless Endless

Advantages?Advantages? No pollution No pollution

Disadvantages?Disadvantages? Winds change all the Winds change all the

time, not predictabletime, not predictable

WindWind• ““wind farms” consist of many windmills wind farms” consist of many windmills • 1 percent of the world’s electricity 1 percent of the world’s electricity • Portions of Texas have a high potential for utilizing Portions of Texas have a high potential for utilizing

wind energy. wind energy.

Sources of Sources of Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy

The Panhandle contains the state's greatest expanse with high quality winds. Well-exposed locations atop the caprock and hilltops experience particularly attractive wind speeds.

Renewable Resources: Renewable Resources: HYDROPOWERHYDROPOWERAlso known as Also known as HydroelectricHydroelectric

What is it?What is it? Movement of water drives a Movement of water drives a turbineturbine

How much left?How much left? Endless Endless

Advantages?Advantages? No CO No CO22 emissions, can control emissions, can control flooding and provide a good water supply flooding and provide a good water supply to an areato an area

Disadvantages?Disadvantages? Large areas maybe Large areas maybe flooded. Visual and water pollutionflooded. Visual and water pollution

Hydroelectric power is generated by changing energy from one form to another.

Hydroelectric Power Plant Hydroelectric Power Plant

Renewable Resources: Renewable Resources: GEOTHERMALGEOTHERMAL

What is it?What is it? Heat from the ground – often Heat from the ground – often used to heat waterused to heat water

Advantages?Advantages? No CO No CO22 emissions emissions

Disadvantages?Disadvantages? Expensive and can only Expensive and can only be used in certain parts of the worldbe used in certain parts of the world

Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy • MagmaMagma heats underground heats underground

water to the boiling point. water to the boiling point. The hot water and steam are The hot water and steam are valuable sources of valuable sources of geothermal energy. geothermal energy.

Sources of Sources of Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy

A geothermal power plant uses heat from Earth’s interior as an energy source. Cold water is piped deep into the ground, where it is heated by magmamagma. The resulting steam can be used for heat or to generate electricity.

Renewable Resources: Renewable Resources: BIOMASSBIOMASS

What is it?What is it? fermented animal or plant wastefermented animal or plant waste vegetation from sustainable sourcesvegetation from sustainable sources

Advantages?Advantages? Good availability Good availability

Disadvantages?Disadvantages? Can be expensive to set Can be expensive to set upup

Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation Although fossil fuels may never be Although fossil fuels may never be

completely used up, they will eventually completely used up, they will eventually become scarcer and more expensive. become scarcer and more expensive.

Nonrenewable fossil fuels generate Nonrenewable fossil fuels generate over two thirds of the nation’s over two thirds of the nation’s

electricity. electricity.

What can be done?What can be done? find new sources of find new sources of

energyenergy make the fuels that make the fuels that

are available now are available now last as long as last as long as possiblepossible