electricity and magnetism unit. what is an atom? a tiny building block of matter electron: negative...
TRANSCRIPT
What is an atom?
• A tiny building block of matter
• Electron: negative charge; can move freely between atoms
• Proton: positive charge
• Neutron: no charge• A neutral atom has
a balance of protons and electrons
Parts of an AtomElectrons are the
smallest of the particles that make up an atom. They are found in shells
that surround/orbit around the nucleus. The nucleus is the center of
the atom. It is composed of protons and
neutrons.
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/atoms.htm
First 10 Elements – Properties & ExamplesElement (Symbol)
Protons (+) Electrons (-) Neutrons (0) Example Type of Matter
Hydrogen (H) 1 1 0 Sun, Stars, Water
Gas
Helium (He) 2 2 2 Balloons Gas
Lithium (Li) 3 3 4 Watch Batteries
Solid
Beryllium (Be)
4 4 5 Emeralds Solid
Boron (B) 5 5 6 Heat-Resistant Glass
Solid
Carbon (C) 6 6 6 Plants and Animals
Solid
Nitrogen (N) 7 7 7 Atmosphere & Ammonia
Gas
Oxygen (O) 8 8 8 Air & Water Gas
Fluorine (F) 9 9 10 Toothpaste & Rocket Fuel
Gas
Neon (Ne) 10 10 10 Signs Gas
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_intro.html
Summary
• Atoms are tiny particles that make up all matter• The nucleus is at the center of the atom and is
made up of protons and neutrons• Electrons circle around the nucleus• When two or more atoms combine it’s called a
molecule• If the atoms that combine are all the same, it’s an
element. If the atoms are different, it’s called a compound
Review with BrainPopAtomsPeriodic Table of Elements
What is Electricity?
• A form of energy that comes from the movement of electrons; electric energy
• Cause: the movement of electrons• Static Electricity: the build up of electric
charge on an object• Static Discharge: the loss of electric charge
http://www.physics4kids.com/files/elec_intro.html
How an Atom becomes charged…
• The atom itself has no charge– It is neutral
• Electron’s move freely between atoms• An atom with more protons than electrons is
positively charged• An atom with more electrons than protons is
negatively charged
Positive charge next to a Negative charge
• Objects with unlike charges pull together, attract– Example: clothes when they come out of the dryer
with static cling
Lightening
• A very strong static discharge
• Lightning Safety– Go indoors right away– Don’t use the telephone or computer– If you can’t go indoors, stay away from high places
and open fields– Stay away from water– Never go under a tree
Current Electricity
• Current Electricity: the steady flow of electric charge; electric current– Example: anything plugged into walls or runs on batteries
• Conductors: a material through which current electricity passes easily (ex: metal)
• Insulators: a material through which current electricity does not pass easily (ex: nonmetal – glass, rubber, plastic, air)
Electric Circuits
3 Parts of an Electric Circuit1. A source of electric charge, such as a battery2. A device, such as a light bulb, that needs
electric energy to work3. Wire that links the source of charge and the
device in a loop
Series Circuit
• A circuit that has only one path for electric current to flow.
• If you switch off one of the devices, the circuit is open and current will not flow.
Parallel Circuit
• A circuit that has more than one path for electric current to flow. (ex: house wiring)
Review with:Magic School BusSeason 4Episode 9
BrainPopCurrent ElectricityElectric CircuitsStatic Electricity
• Magnet: an object that attracts the metals iron, cobalt, and nickel
• Magnetism: the force of a magnet• Magnetic field: the area around a magnet
where its magnetism acts• Electromagnet: a temporary magnet made
when electric current flows through a wire coil wrapped around an iron or steel core
Energy Resources
• Generators: a machine that uses motion energy to make electric current
• How a generator works:– Motion energy from a turbine turns a wire coil– The wire coil spins within a magnetic field– As the coil spins, electric current is made– Electric current moves to metal rings– The rings spin against brushes– Electricity moves from the brushes to wires– The wires carry electric energy away to the places where it
will be used
• Fossil fuels: a fuel that formed over millions of years from the buried remains of plants and animals; coal, oil, and natural gas
• Nonrenewable resource: an energy resource that cannot be replaced easily once it is used up
• Renewable resource: an energy resource that can be replaced easily or cannot be used up
BrainPopFossil FuelsNatural Resources