electrical workers safety handbook

ElectricalWorkersSafetyHandbook

ElectricalWorkersSafetyHandbook

CONT ACTORSRSM

The Total Electrical Solutions Network

Electrical Workers’ Safety Handbook 1

A C K N O W L E D G M E N T

HandbookAcknowledgment

This is to acknowledge that I have receivedmy copy of the Electrical Workers’ SafetyHandbook.

I agree to read and follow all safety rulesoutlined in this booklet.

I agree to report all injuries to my foremanimmediately, no matter how minor theinjury.

NOTICE:Fill out, detach,and return thispage to yourforeman beforethe end of thefirst day ofemployment.

Please keep thisbook for futurereference.

(Print) Last Name First Name MI

Signature Date


S A F E T Y H A N D B O O K

ElectricalWorkers’SafetyHandbook

2006. All rights reserved.c

Published by:

CONT ACTORSRSM

The Total Electrical Solutions Network

Electrical Workers’ Safety Handbook4

C O N T E N T S

6 About This Handbook

8 Conduct and Professionalism

OSHA Guidelines for a Safe Workplace9 Your Employer’s Obligations

10 Your Obligations

Safety Communications12 Signs, Meetings, and

Reporting14 Hazardous Materials

Disclosure

Personal Protection15 Your Face, Eyes, and Ears16 Your Body18 Proper Lifting Method to Avoid Back Injuries

Climbing and Raising Equipment20 Ladders22 Fall Protection24 Scaffolding

Hazardous Materials26 Precautions28 Lead and Asbestos

Table ofContents


C O N T E N T S

Tools29 Hand Tools30 Electric Hand Tools32 Power-Actuated Tools

Motor Vehicles/Mechanized Equipment 33 Overview34 Cranes, Hoists, Elevators, and

Conveyors35 Aerial Lifts

Special Work Situations36 Confined Spaces37 Excavations and Trenching38 Gas Cylinders39 Hot Work Policy43 Electrical Installations47 Welding

Appendix51 Good and Bad Rigging

Practices53 Crane Signals55 Know Your Fire Extinguishers57 Hazardous Materials

Information61 First Aid

Table ofContents


A B O U T T H I S H A N D B O O K

It is the employer’s exclusive responsibilityto insure the safety of its employees andcompliance with all safety rules andstandards.

This safety handbook has been compiledby e-contractors to provide a uniform setof safety rules and guidelines for allemployers and electricians in this area.

It is our belief that nothing is moreimportant than safety in all of ourworkplaces.

This handbook is evidence of both thee-contractors’ and the employers’ desire toachieve the best safety results possible.We urge everyone involved to take heartthe importance of safety by putting intopractice the rules and guidelinescontained here.

We urge everyoneinvolved to take toheart theimportance ofsafety by puttinginto practice therules and guidelinescontained here.

About ThisHandbook

Informationcontained is currentas of the printing ofthis book. Thishandbook isintended only as aguideline for safety.Please refer toOSHA Standard for theConstruction Industry(29 CFR Part 1926).


A B O U T T H I S H A N D B O O K

Why Are TheseGuidelines Important?

This information has been developed toprotect you and prevent accidents on thejob. If you understand and practice thesesafety procedures on all job-related tasks,you will reduce your risk of injury.

Read this handbook at least once all theway through. Carry it with you as youwould carry any of your necessary tools, andrefer to it often.

We have summarized the most importantbasic safety regulations. Since we cannotinclude every situation or special conditionthat you might encounter, we do not intendfor you to use this handbook as thecomplete electrical worker safety manual.Also, this handbook is not a workagreement or a contract and does notguarantee employment for a specific periodof time.

Ask your foreman or supervisor to clarifyany guidelines or procedures that you don’tunderstand once you have read thishandbook. Refer to the OSHA Safety andHealth Standards for Construction, Part 1926,NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety inthe Workplace and The National ElectricalCode NFPA 70.

How do I use thishandbook?

What are thelimitations of thishandbook?

Where can I get moreinformation?


What do we meanby professionalism?

C O N D U C T A N D P R O F E S S I O N A L I S M

Professionalism means that you representthe trade as a whole. Therefore, yourpersonal habits, attitude, and behaviorshould reflect the skilled professional thatyou are. Always demonstrate self respectand courtesy.

Conduct andProfessionalism

What type ofconduct interfereswith professionalism?

If you think youmight have a drugproblem, discussit with someoneyou trust, or tellyour doctor. Helpis available thatcould save yourjob and perhapsyour life.

HorseplayNever roughhouse, run, play practical jokes,or otherwise “fool around” on the work site.These actions disturb co-workers and causeaccidents.

Alcohol and Illegal DrugsBeing under the influence and possession ofalcohol and illegal drugs is prohibited on alljob sites.

Prescription MedicationUse prescription medication only asdirected. Be aware of side effects such asdrowsiness, dizziness, or slowed reflexeswhich could put you at high risk for anaccident. Tell your supervisor if youexperience any symptoms which limit yourfull mental and/or physical capabilities.Always keep prescription medication in itsoriginal container.

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O S H A G U I D E L I N E S

Your Employer’sObligations

Safe EnvironmentOSHA obligates your employer to providea safe place for you to work. Notify yourforeman immediately if you feel that ahazard exists. If your foreman does not actpromptly, contact your employer directly.Also, your employer can be fined forpermitting dangerous conditions, even ifanother contractor is responsible forcreating the hazard.

First Aid RequirementsYou must be able to help quickly in case ofinjuries or emergencies. Therefore, youremployer must provide you with thefollowing:?

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A first aid kit approved by a physician.Do you know its location at each site?

A person trained to give first aid/CPR.Do you know who that person is?Telephone numbers of rescue squads,

Be aware of emergency numbers otherthan 911.

paramedics, fire departments, and thelocation of the nearest hospital. Are theseposted in an obvious place?

How does OSHAprotect me?

Remember...safety is yourright!

NOTICE:

Electrical Workers’ Safety Handbook1 0

What are myresponsibilities?

OSHA states, “Each employee shall complywith Occupational Safety and HealthStandards and all rules, regulations, andorders issued pursuant to this act which areapplicable to his own actions and conduct.”This means that you have responsibilities.

Be safety conscious at all times andpractice safe habits for everyone’s sake,particularly the public and, specifically,children. You can prevent accidents and theexpensive lawsuits that often follow.

Protect the public from dangers fromelectrical shock, falling objects, fire, tripping,other dangers generated by electrical work,and blocked passageways.

Be aware of curious children who maywant to explore while you are working, orafter you are gone for the day.

Always use the proper tool for the job toprevent an accident.

Your Obligations:Responsibilities

O S H A G U I D E L I N E S

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Electrical Workers’ Safety Handbook 1 1

Y O U R O B L I G A T I O N S

Your Obligations:Secure Your Job Site

. Practice “good housekeeping” bykeeping the site clear of all obstructions,such as debris, boxes, conduit scraps, orother items that could cause accidents.

Make sure materials are not lyingaround in passageways and near wallopenings.

Remove temporary ladders, and laydown mobile scaffolds whenever possible.

Check the circuitry of wiring beforeenergizing a system, and make sure you arecertain what is present at the other end. Ifnot, you can cause irreversible injury.

Lock out electrical circuits which aren’tbeing used.

Lock up or secure trucks and othermechanized equipment, as well as toolboxes.

Keep exposed material to a minimumto prevent theft.

How do I secure mysite?

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Why should Icommunicate withmy foreman?

S A F E T Y C O M M U N I C A T I O N S

Your foreman will advise you of any hazardsconnected with your job and give you thenecessary safety instructions. However,continue to communicate with yoursupervisor, fellow employees, and employ-ees of other trades in order to perform yourjob without injury.

Follow and obey the directions on all signs,for they exist for your benefit.

Attend the tool box safety meetings thatshould occur once a week at your job site.These meetings provide an opportunity to:

Learn about any hazards in the workarea.

Discuss any changes in the work area.Ask your supervisor for specific training

to best accompany your task.Address any safety concerns.

Signs, Meetings,and Reporting

Why do we needsigns?

NOTICE:Discussion ofsafety concerns,as well as anycorrectiveactions, mustalways bedocumented.

Why attend toolbox safetymeetings?

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Signs, Meetings,and Reporting

Unsafe ConditionsReport any unsafe or hazardous conditionsto your foreman immediately to preventinjury to you or your fellow employees. If,in your opinion, the foreman does not actpromptly to rectify the situation, notifyyour employer.

Accidents and InjuriesReport all accidents/injuries to yourforeman immediately, no matter howminor. Also, report near misses, asremedial measures can prevent futureaccidents.

Your employer must post the followinginformation at each site regarding accidentsand injuries:

Notice of workers’ compensation carrier.Proper procedure for obtaining medical

care when your employer uses a panel ofdoctors.

What do I need toreport?

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What are my rightsconcerninghazardous materialson the job?


You have the right to know and shouldbe informed about any hazardous materialsin your work area.

Containers of hazardous materials mustbe clearly labeled as such.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)must be available for your reference.*

You must receive training in Hazardouschemicals regulations before you beginwork. If you are uncertain about anymaterial, substance, or specific procedureinvolving a hazardous material, talk to yoursupervisor.

* All General Contractors must haveMSDS sheets on site for all sub trades.

Hazardous MaterialsDisclosure

What if I needadditional help?

Eye injuriesaccount for 25-30% of allconstructioninjuries.

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P E R S O N A L P R O T E C T I O N

Your Face, Eyesand Ears

Safety Glasseswith SideShields

Minimum

ImpactHazards

Mandatoryat all times,especiallywhengrinding,chipping,or drillingthroughsteel

SafetyGoggles

Maximum

Airbornesuch as dustor chemicalsplashes

Overheaddrillingthroughmasonry andsteel, or dustyor windyconditions

Safety Glasseswith Full FaceShields

Maximum

Airbornesuch as dustor chemicalsplashes

Heavygrinding, oraround acid-filled batteries

For what degree ofprotection?

For what type ofhazard?

When should I wearthis protection?

Noise levels exceeding 90 decibels requireear protection. Follow this rule of thumb:If you must shout to be heard, then youneed hearing protection. If you are stillunsure, check with your supervisor. Hearingproblems develop gradually from continuedexposure to high noise levels. This can resultin temporary or permanent hearing loss.

When should I useear protection?

You must wear safety glasses with fixed sideshields at all times as minimum protectionin all work areas. Use the chart below todetermine additional protection to use.



What can I do toprotect my body?

Refrain fromwearing torn orbaggy clothing,jewelry, or rings,which can easilyget caught inmovingmachinery.

Make sure yourhard hat is ingood condition.If it is not, youcannot wear iton the job.

Your Body

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SAFETY TIP

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Hard HatWear your hard hat with the bill over yourforehead. Do not wear it backwards orreverse the suspension.

Respiratory ProtectionAlways wear the proper type of respirator.Take the required pulmonary function

and fit test before you wear the half-mask,negative pressure canister type of respirator.

Wear a dust mask in dusty environments.Ask your foreman if you do not know

whether to wear a respirator or a mask.

Full Body Harnesses and Shock-Absorbing LanyardsFull body harnesses with shock-absorbinglanyards will provide maximum protectionwhen working from surfaces which are six ormore feet above a lower level with noguardrails or nets.

Use full body harnesses with shock-absorbing lanyards which are secured andrigged so that you cannot fall more than sixfeet, or make contact with anything belowyou.

Use full body harnesses with shock-absorbing lanyards when operating aeriallifts such as bucket lifts and JLGs.

GuardsWear guards when using tampers, jackhammers, or similar equipment.

Foot WearAlways wear shoes or boots on all job sites.Sneakers or other soft shoes do not provideadequate protection.

GlovesAlways weargloves whenhandlingequipment andmaterials.When handlingchemicals, userubber, plastic-coated, orinsulated gloves.

Shirts andLong PantsAlways wearshirts and longpants,preferably100% cotton,or wool, whichis lessflammable thanother materials.Man-madematerials orblends such asacetate, nylon,polyester, orrayon shouldnot be worn.

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Electrical Workers’ Safety Handbook

X1 8


Proper LiftingMethod to AvoidBack Injuries

Keep your backstraight.

Center your weightover your feet.

Pull the object closeto your body.

Lift with your legs,not your back.


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Protect yourselfWear the proper gloves and supportive

work shoes.

Examine and evaluate the loadIs the load too heavy or awkward for one

person?Is anything protruding from the load,

such as nails, splinters, sharp edges, or roughstrapping?

Is my path flat and clear of obstructions?

Get ready to liftEstablish solid footing.Center your body weight over your feet.Keep your back straight.Don?t slouch.

Lift the object properlyGet a good grasp on the object.Pull the object close to your body.Lift with your legs, not your back.Move your feet when turning; never

twist your back.

Follow These StepsWhenever LiftingMaterial

What are the stepsfor proper lifting??

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C L I M B I N G A N D R A I S I N G E Q U I P M E N T

Ladders

Using The LadderMake sure the top of

the ladder extendsthree feet above theladder’s support pointwhen using anextension ladder togain access to a higherlevel.

Follow this rule:Only one person is everpermitted on a ladderat any time.

Always face a ladderwhen working from it.

Overlap extensionladders by at least threerungs.

Use both handswhile climbing up anddown a ladder.

Place the foot of theladder approximately¼ of its length awayfrom the vertical planeof its top support.

Use a hand line toraise and lower toolsand materials.

Make sure the ladderrests on a solid andstable base.

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Ladders

MaintenanceAlways inspect ladders for any defects

before each use.Never use a ladder with broken or

missing rungs or damaged side rails.Do not paint ladders except for periodic

color coding for inspection, numbering, oridentification purposes.

Use ladders only according to themanufacturer’s recommendations.

StepladdersOpen stepladders completely, resting all fourfeet on sound, level footing with braceslocked.

Do not stand on the top step or the topcap.

Never use two stepladders as supports forscaffold boards.

Setting Up SafelyAlways secure ladders to prevent

displacement.Keep the area around the top and

bottom of the ladder completely clear ofany materials.

Always takespecial carewhen ascending,descending, orworking fromladders.

Never use metalladders nearelectrical servicesor lines or inelectric weldingoperations. Donot use laddersto supportscaffold boards,wire spools, or aswork benches.

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Fall Protection

General Guidelines

Fall Protection shall be provided whenan employee can fall 6 feet (1.8m) or more.

Fall Protection System shall be providedby the employer.

Protection Systems shall include butnot be limited to Guardrail Systems, SafetyNet Systems, or Personal Fall ArrestSystems.

Fall Protection Area Requirements

Hoist areasFloor openings (holes), including sky

lightsRamps, runways, other walk waysExcavationsWall openings (including those with

chutes attached)Unprotected sides and edges, leading

edgesDangerous equipment (protection shall

be provided to prevent falling into or ontothe dangerous equipment regardless ofheight)

Roofing workPrecast concrete erectionFormwork and reinforcing steel

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NOTICE:Refer to OSHASafety and HealthStandards forConstruction, Part1926.500.

Personal Fall Arrest Systems

A system including but not limited to:Full Body Harness - Harness that

distributes the fall-arrest forces over thethighs, pelvis, waist, chest, and shoulders.

A Lanyard - A lanyard with a decelera-tion device is the preferred method.

Connectors - All snap-hooks must becapable of supporting at least 5,000 poundsper person attached. All snap-hooks mustbe of the locking type.

Anchorage Point - Must be capable ofsupporting at least 5,000 pounds per personattached.

The Personal Fall Arrest System must beinspected prior to each use. If damaged ordefective components are found they shallnot be used and must be removed fromservice immediately. Personal Fall ArrestSystems must be rigged such that anemployee can neither free fall more than 6feet nor contact any lower level.

Fall Protection

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Scaffolding

General GuidelinesDo not ride on manually propelled scaffolds.Remedy slippery conditions on scaffolds

promptly.Wear a full-body harness while working on

any scaffold platform that doesn’t have astandard guardrail or a complete deck.

Consult your foreman or supervisor if any ofthese practices are unclear, or if you don’t knowif your scaffolding has been established safely.

Check that an access ladder or equivalentsafe means of access exists on all scaffolds.

Erect scaffolds on sound, rigid footings.Do not use unstable objects such as loose

brick, concrete blocks, barrels, boxes, ladders,etc., to support scaffold frames or planks.

Always lock all wheels on mobile scaffoldsbefore using.

Erect all scaffolds plumb and level.

Scaffold Platform ConstructionPlatforms fully planked or decked.Front edge of all platforms:

No more than 14” from the face ofwork.

3” from the face for outrigger scaffolds.18” from the face for plastering and

lathing operations.Platforms 10 feet and less to extend at

least 6” but not more than 12” past supportunless designed and installed and/or guardedproperly.

Platforms greater than 10 feet not morethan 18” past support unless designed andinstalled and/or properly guarded.

No paint on wood platforms, exceptedges that may be marked foridentification.

Do not mix scaffold components usedunless compatible and integrity maintained.

NOTICE:Refer to OSHASafety and HealthStandards forConstruction, Part1926.451. SeeGood and BadRigging Practicesin the Appendix46-47.

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Setting Up GuidelinesBe sure standard guardrails and toe-boards are installed on all openends and sides of scaffold platforms which are more than ten feetabove the ground or floor.

Secure scaffolds every 30 feet horizontally and every 26 feetvertically.

Make sure guardrails are installed on all open sides of theplatform of scaffolds which are 10 feet in height or higher.

Do not extend screw to more than 12 inches.Do not work from mobile and tower scaffolds at levels

exceeding four times the minimum base dimensions, unlesssuitable outriggers are provided.

Do not use scaffold planks that extend over their end supportsby more than 12 inches or less than six inches, unless otherwisesecured.

Top rail height 36 inches to 45 inches high maximum.Maintain clearance near power lines 10 feet minimum.

Falling Object ProtectionHardhats requiredProtect employees belowBarricades to exclude working belowToe boards at edges of platformsUse panels and/or screensCanopies system

guardrail(when scaffold

is erected to10ft. or more)

toeboard

access ladder

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What are thegeneral guidelines?

H A Z A R D O U S M A T E R I A L S

Precautions

What are the firststeps in workingwith hazardousmaterials?

Before using any hazardous materials,follow these steps to learn about the specificsubstance:1 Locate the warning label.2 Read the label carefully, making sure youunderstand it.3 Locate the Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS).4 Consult the MSDS for specificinformation such as:

Precautions to avoid exposureLimits of exposureEffects or dangers of overexposureEmergency and spill clean-up proceduresFirst aid requirements

Protecting OthersPassersby and other workers must

observe the same safety precautions as you,or they may not enter the workplace. Actresponsibly by informing them of theproper procedures.

Clean AirNever smoke or have any open flames

around containers indicating a flammablesubstance.

Insure you have proper ventilation beforeyou use a substance with an inhalationwarning. Consult the MSDS, if necessary,to determine whether you need respiratoryor other protective equipment.

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NOTICE:For moreinformation onhazardousmaterials, see theAppendix, pages52-55.

Precautions

Primary ContainersOnly use substances from marked

containers.Never remove, deface, alter or otherwise

mark any container labels.

Secondary ContainersUse appropriate containers for secondary

containers. For example, never use a sodabottle.

While using a secondary container,always label contents accurately.

Return contents to the original containeras soon as you finish your task.

Mixing ChemicalsNever mix substances or chemicals, as

hazardous chemical reactions can result.Store oxidants and corrosives away from

each other to avoid fire or explosion.

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Lead and Asbestos

What are theregulationsconcerning lead?

Notify your supervisor immediately if yoususpect that lead exists and will bedisturbed by your task. Lead is commonlyfound in the industrial paints which areapplied to structural steel. OSHA requiresthat you have formal training andprotective equipment before you may workon surfaces that contain lead.

Notify your supervisor immediately if yoususpect that asbestos exists in your workarea. OSHA requires that you have formaltraining and protective equipment beforeyou may work in any area containingasbestos. The employer shall ensure thatno employee is exposed to airborneasbestos. Remember, you cannot seeasbestos fiber. They are microscopic.Because of their minute size, they may beairborne for many hours.

What are theregulationsconcerning asbestos?

NOTICE:For moreinformation onregulationsconcerning leadand asbestos,refer to OSHASafety and HealthStandards forConstruction,Part 1926.1101Appendix A.


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T O O L S

Hand Tools

Maintain all hand tools and similarequipment in top-notch working condition,whether they belong to you or thecompany.

Store tools with sharp edges so that theycannot cause injury or damage.

Do not carry tools with sharp edges inyour pocket.

Do not leave tools lying around wherethey could create an obstruction or ahazard, such as causing a person to trip.

Clean, oil, or adjust machinery onlywhen it is not in motion.

Keep tools and accessories clean, sharp,and correctly oiled.

Keep impact tools such as drift pins,wedges, and chisels free of mushroomheads.

Select the appropriate hand tool for eachspecific task, and then properly use it, as ithas been designed. For example, never usea wrench as a hammer or a screwdriver forprying.

Only operate tools within the rate limits.Never try to increase a tool’s capacity

with bypasses, ?cheaters,? or othermodifications.

Never attempt to bypass themanufacturer’s installed safety devices.

What is the propercare andmaintenance ofhand tools?

How do I use toolsappropriately?

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T O O L S

Electric Hand Tools

What are thegeneral guidelinesfor using powertools?

Maintain all power tools and similarequipment in top-notch workingcondition, whether they belong to you orthe company.

Never use electrical cords for hoisting orlowering tools or materials.

Keep moving parts of a power toolpointed away from your body.

Never leave a running power toolunattended.

GuardingMake sure the proper safety guards and

shields exist and are in proper workingorder before operating any power tool.

Never remove any factory-installedguards.

Turning Power OffMake sure that the operational switch onany power tool or appliance is off before:

Plugging the tool or appliance into anelectrical outlet or extension cord. Surpriseor accidental startups can be dangerous.

Disconnecting the tool or appliancefrom its power source.

Setting the tool down.Attempting repairs or adjustments, such

as cleaning and oiling.Changing drill bits or blades.

Alwaysdisconnect a toolfrom its powersource beforemaking anyadjustments.

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T O O L S

Stand on a dry surface while operatingelectrical tools.

Keep your hands dry at all times whileoperating electrical tools.

Use the three-wire type of extensioncords for portable electric tools andappliances.

Use electric power tools that are theapproved double-insulated type orgrounded type.

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters detectlow amounts of current leaking fromelectrical tools and cords. The interruptionof the ground fault should occur fast enoughto prevent electrocution of a workercontacting the cord or tool. Therefore:

Always use GFCIs.Use GFCIs with extension cords.

What are thegeneral guidelinesfor grounding?

What is theimportance of GFCIs?

Electric Hand Tools

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T O O L S

Powder-ActuatedTools

What are thegeneral guidelinesfor using powder-actuated tools?

Powder-actuated tools can be extremelydangerous if mishandled, so approach thesetools with the same caution and respect asyou would firearms.

Wear eye protection when using powder-actuated fastening tools.

Use the safety devices installed in thetool by the manufacturer at all times.

Use only cartridges and fastenerssupplied by the manufacturer of the tool.

Load powder-actuated fastening toolsjust before you intend to fire, never inadvance.

You must have training and certificationfrom a manufacturer’s representative to usepowder-actuated fastening tools.

Is there anylicensing orcertificationinvolved?

NOTICE:For moreinformation andprecautions onusing powder-actuated tools,refer to OSHASafety and HealthStandards forConstruction, Part1926.302(e).

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M O T O R V E H I C L E S / M E C H A N I Z E D E Q U I P M E N T

General GuidelinesMake sure you are properly licensed to

operate company vehicles.Understand that you are responsible for

passenger safety and cargo stability whiledriving.

Obey all speed limit and traffic signs.Always wear your seat belt.

MaintenanceCheck equipment at the beginning of

each shift to be sure it is free of defects.Keep the cab area cleared of debris, such

as cans, bottles, or other objects whichcould become lodged under the brakepedal.

Operating GuidelinesLoad properly, without overloading or

allowing material to protrude from thesides of a vehicle.

Chock the wheels of a vehicle parked onan incline.

Only ride or allow personnel to ride inthe bed of a truck that is equipped withseats and seat belts.

Always turn off the motor beforerefueling.

Backing UpMake sure that back-up alarms exist and

operate properly on all constructionequipment with limited visibility.

Use a flagman when backing up a vehiclein congested areas.

What are thedriver’sresponsibilities?

Overview

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Cranes, Hoists, Elevators,and Conveyors

What are thegeneral guidelinesfor using cranes,hoists, elevators, andconveyors?

Electricians do not usually provide oroperate cranes, hoists, elevators, orconveyors. However, you willencounter this equipment at mostconstruction sites, since it is used tomove you and/or your materials.Therefore, you need to be familiarwith the basic safety guidelines.

Make sure that a knowledgeableperson supervises each unit to insuresafe conditions and compliance withoperational procedures.

Warn the operator immediately ifyou notice a crane or other suchdevice approaching any overheadenergized electrical wires. Act as aconscientious safety advisor.

Make sure that any part of a craneis at least ten feet from any powerlines.

Protecting YourselfEmployees shall always stand

firmly on the floor of the basket, andshall not sit or climb on the edge ofthe basket or use planks, ladders, orother devices for a work position.

Stay out from under lifting areas,load paths, or conveyors if they arenot properly guarded for peopleworking below.

Stay clear of cranes that rotate.Never ride on material hoists.Do not ride or use any machinery

without permission from theoperator.

NOTICE:For moreinformation oncrane signals, seeCrane Signals inthe Appendix,pages 48-49.

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What are aerial lifts?

AerialLifts

What are thegeneral guidelinesfor working withaerial lifts?

Aerial lifts are mechanical platformscommonly known as extendible booms,articulating booms, serial ladders, andvertical towers. They may be vehiclemounted, elevated, or rotating platforms.Examples are scissors lifts, bucket trucks,JLGs, ladder trucks, etc.

OSHA requires specific training for eachtype of equipment.

MaintenanceTest all controls every day, before using.Insure that override controls are operated

only when conditions warrant.Lock the platform in stowed position

before moving the truck upon which it ismounted.

Protecting YourselfAttach your full body harness and lanyard system to the boom

or basket.Do not belt off to adjacent structures.Stand in the basket, not on it.Do not wear climbing spikes.Do not use a ladder in a boom or basket.When working from an elevated scissors lift (ANSI A92.6

series), a worker need only be protected from falling by a properlydesigned and maintained guardrail system. However, if theguardrail system is less than adequate, or the worker leaves thesafety of the work platform, an additional fall protection devicewould be required. The general scaffolding fall protection provisionfound in 1926.451 (g)(1)(vii) reads in part, “all scaffolds nototherwise specified in this section, each employee shall beprotected by the use of personal fall arrest systems or guardrailssystems.”

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S P E C I A L W O R K S I T U A T I O N S

Confined Spaces

What is dangerousabout working in aconfined space?

Confined spaces can be a part of every worksite. They are not meant to be occupiedcontinuously.When work is performed in a manhole orunvented vault:

No entry shall be permitted unless forcedventilation is provided or the atmosphere isfound to be safe by testing for oxygendeficiency and the presence of explosivegases or fumes.

Where unsafe conditions are detected, bytesting or other means, the work area shallbe ventilated and otherwise made safebefore entry.

Provisions shall be made for an adequatecontinuous supply of air.

Protecting YourselfNever enter a confined space withoutproper training and the required safetyequipment. Your employer must provideyou with a confined space program thatincludes guidelines, training, and the properprotective equipment you should wear.

NOTICE:Types of confinedspaces includebut are notlimited to:ventilation ducts,pipelines, exhaustducts, sewers,storage tanks,tunnels,manholes, boilers,bins, andundergroundutility vaults.

What are mysafeguards?

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3 7


What are theguidelines forexcavations?

Excavations andTrenching

All trenches, slopes, and shoring systemsmust be approved by a competent person.

Keep excavations barricaded at all times.Deposit spoil dirt at least two feet from

the edge of the excavation.Never go deeper than 5 feet without a

protective system (shoring, sloping,benching or a trench box would beconsidered a protective system).

Securing the SiteSlope or shore excavations to the proper

angle when they are more than four feetdeep.

Always have available ladders or othermeans of safe access and egress.

InspectingCheck the air quality for oxygen

deficiency or excess, and other gaseousconditions.

Check shoring daily.Check more often in wet weather.Inspect excavation walls after rain and

snow storms or after freezing and thawing.

If soil classification is not made,then the sides of the excavationmust be sloped to an angle notsteeper than one and one-halfhorizontal to one vertical (34°).

NOTICE:For additionalinformation, referto OSHA Safetyand HealthStandards forConstruction,Parts 1926.651.

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3 8


GasCylinders

What are thegeneral guidelinesfor transporting gascylinders?

What are thegeneral guidelinesfor storing gascylinders?

Moving and LiftingWhen hoisting oxygen and acetylene

cylinders, secure them on a cradle, swingboard, or pallet.

Never hoist or transport gas cylindersusing maintenance or choker slings.

Never use the valve protection cap forlifting a cylinder.

Transferring ContentsNever attempt to transfer compressed gasfrom one cylinder to another, or tocompress acetylene into a cylinder.

Close outlet valves tightly and replace thevalve caps when not using compressed gascylinders, even though they might beconsidered empty.

Store compressed gas cylinders in anupright position with the valve end up.

Do not store compressed gas cylinders in“gang boxes.”

LocationStore cylinders in a safe, dry, and well-ventilated place, where they will not beexposed to the heat from stoves, radiators,furnaces, and direct sunlight.

Oxygen and AcetyleneSeparate oxygen and acetylene cylinderswhich are not in use by:

A distance of 20 feet, orA five foot high, half-hour fire-rated wall.

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3 9


Hot Work Policy

IntroductionNFPA 70 (N.E.C.) is the standard on “how you build it safely” in the electrical construction industry.NFPA 70E (Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace) is the “how you work on it safely” in the maintenance and construction industry.In the spirit of protecting our membership, this policy was created to help inform our members of the risk and hazards encountered while working hot (energized) and the necessary safety standards/protocols that must be followed, in order to save lives and protect families from the trauma caused by electrical shock and electrical burn injuries.

OSHA FactThe OSHA Act of 1970, requires employers to provide employees with a workplace that is free from recognized hazards that could cause death or serious harm. OSHA states that no work is to be performed while energized. Proper lock-out, tag-out rules, voltage testing (confirm circuits are dead), stored energy sources released (electrical and mechanical), must be performed by a qualified person.

Energized WorkEvery journeyman and apprentice involved in electrical“hot work” must learn the requirements of NFPA 70E, because OSHA and the NEC require its use. OSHA has adopted the NFPA 70E standard as an acceptable means of compliance to work energized.

When conditions require exposure to circuits (i.e. 24 VDC and above, 120 VAC, 208 VAC, 240 VAC, 277 VAC, 480 VAC), the qualified person, journeyman, must contact management (foreman, superintendent, shop owner, etc.) to review the electrical safety program and identify the procedures for working on or near live parts, operating at 50 VAC or more.An example of a typical electrical safety program is on page 106 of NFPA 70E Annex E.


4 0



Hot Work Policy

Key PointsA. Flash hazard analysis (NFPA 70E 130-3A)B. Shock hazard analysis (NFPA 70E 130-2A)C. The necessary PPE (personal protective equipment) to safely perform the assigned task.D. Energize work approval (authorizing or responsible management, safety officer, or owner, etc.) signatures are required on energized work permit.The Hazard/Risk Category Classification, in NFPA 70E, on Table 130-7 C9 (page 29) can be used to determine the type of clothing needed, if insulated tools should be used, and if rubber gloves are required. This table can be used in lieu of the detailed flash hazard analysis approach described in NFPA 70E 130-3A. It is very easy to use and understand.Note: This table assumes short-circuit current capacities and fault clearing times for various tasks. They are listed in the notes to the tables, both larger and smaller available currents could result in larger arc flash energies.

Protective ClothingNFPA 70E has created five different Hazard/Risk categories, based on the type of work, voltage involved, potential arc flash, and arc blast. See table below.

Clothing Description Required MinimumHazard/Risk (Typical number of clothing Arc Rating of PPE

Category layers is given in parentheses) (cal/cm squared)

0 Non-melting, flammable materials (i.e. untreated cotton, N/Awool, rayon, or silk, or blends of these materials) with a

fabric weight of at least 4.5 oz./yards squared (1)

1 FR shirt and FR pants or FR coveralls (1) (4)

2 Cotton underwear – conventional short sleeve and brief/shorts, (8)plus FR shirts and FR pants (1 or 2)

3 Cotton underwear plus FR shirt and FR pants plus FR coveralls, (25)or cotton underwear plus two FR coveralls (2 or 3)

4 Cotton underwear plus FR shirt and FR pants (40)plus multi-layered flash suite (3 or more)

Note: FR = Flame ResistantThis table is from NFPA 70E, page 34, 130.7C11

4 1


Hot Work Policy

85% of all arc-flash hazards fall below category 2 levels, or 8 calories per centimeter squared. Therefore, at a bare minimum, any “hot work” being performed, the journeyman should be outfitted with category 2 level PPE.

All hand tools shall be double insulated to 1000 Volts minimum.

Rubber gloves properly rated and tested to 500 Volts minimum must be used and must have leather protectors.

Hard hats with full face shields with an arc rating suitable for the arc flash exposure shall be worn.

Eye protection (safety glasses) shall always be worn under the face shield.

Hearing protection.

Exemptions to Work PermitWork performed by qualified persons near live parts, such as voltage measuring, troubleshooting and testing shall be permitted to be performed without an energized electrical work permit—provided appropriate PPE is used and Management is contacted.

MeltingClothing made from flammable synthetic materials that melt at temperatures below 600 degrees F (315 degrees C) such as acetate, nylon, polyester, polypropylene, and spandex, either alone or in blends, shall not be used.

These materials melt, as a result of arc flash exposure and can aggravate the burn injury. It is the responsibility of the Journey-man to supply their own plain, 100% cotton underwear — conventional short sleeve shirt and brief/shorts, which must be worn under FR shirts and pants.

Care of EquipmentProtection equipment shall be maintained in a safe, reliable condition. The protective equipment shall be visually inspected before each use. Rubber gloves must be dielectrically retested at least once every six months, sleeves at least once every twelve months.

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Hot Work Policy

Qualified PersonA qualified person shall be trained and knowledgeable of the construction and operation of equipment or a specific work method and be trained to recognize and avoid electrical hazards that might be present with respect to that equipment or work method.

Energized Work/Qualified PersonA qualified person must be familiar with and trained in1. An understanding of NFPA 70E and the ability to interpret the intent of the code.2. The ability to implement a lockout/tagout procedure – NFPA 70E, page 108, Annex G3. The ability to prepare a job briefing and planning checklist – NFPA 70E, page 112, Annex I4. The ability to prepare an energized work permit –NFPA 70E, page 113, Annex J5. The ability to prepare a hazard/risk evaluation procedure –NFPA 70E, page 107, Annex F

Overhead Power LinesThe approach distance for unqualified persons, 50 KV and below, is 10 feet, from the ground or elevated positions, as stated in NPFA 70E 130-5D.

Note: Qualified workers must observe and comply with the approach boundaries in table 130-2C; they must be insulated or guarded from live parts operating at 50 Volts or more.

Emergency Procedures A job specific emergency procedure must be developed to

notify available EMS. A 911 call may not be the fastest response path for your

emergency condition. As an example: The Cleveland Clinic main campus, one must call 211 for an emergency.

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4 2



4 3


ElectricalInstallations

Protecting YourselfProtect yourself in areas where the exactlocation of underground electrical powerlines is unknown by wearing insulatedgloves when using jack hammers, bars, orother hand tools that could contact thelines.Ohio Revised Code (ORC) states that youare responsible for calling a utilitiesprotection service 48 hours, but no morethan 10 days, before digging.Ohio Utilities Protection Service (OUPS)1-800-362-2764.

Securing the SiteSuitable barriers with conspicuous

warning signs or other means of guardingshall be provided to insure that workspacefor electrical equipment will not be used asa passageway during periods when energizedparts of electrical equipment are exposed.

Sufficient space shall be provided andmaintained in the area of electricalequipment to permit ready and safemaintenance and operation of suchequipment.

Attached locks and tags may only beremoved by the Electrician that placedthem.

Working spaces, walkways, and similarlocations shall be kept clear of cords so asnot to create a hazard to employees.

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Electrical installations made according tothe 2005 National Electric Code complywith OSHA’s electrical standards forconstruction. In addition, the followingconditions must be met for all electricalinstallations.

Grounding ProgramSince all construction sites must follow anacceptable program to protect employeesfrom ground fault hazards, the employermust use ground-fault circuit-interrupters.

Ground-Fault Circuit InterruptersAll 125 volt, single phase, 15-, 20-, and

30-ampere receptacle used by personnelshall have ground-fault circuit interrupterprotection.

If a receptacle(s) is installed or exists aspart of the permanent wiring of the buildingor structure and is used for temporaryelectric power, GFCI protection forpersonnel shall be provided. The uses ofcord sets or devices incorporating listedGround Fault Circuit Interrupter protectionmust be used to accomplish this.


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4 4 Electrical Workers’ Safety Handbook



Assured Equipment GroundingConductor Program

The employer shall use ground-fault circuitinterrupters; Assured Equipment GroundingConductor Program may only be used inindustrial establishments, the employers shallestablish and implement the program. Theprogram shall cover all cord sets, receptacleswhich are not part of the building or structure,and equipment connected by cord and plugwhich are available for use or used byemployees.

A competent person must be assigned toimplement the program.

A written description of the program mustbe posted at the job site.

The following tests shall be performed on allcord sets, receptacles that are not part of thepermanent wiring of the building or structure,and cord-and-plug-connected equipmentrequired to be grounded.1.All equipment grounding conductors shallbe tested for continuity and shall be electricallycontinuous.2.Each receptacle and attachment plug shallbe tested for correct attachment of theequipment grounding conductor. Theequipment grounding conductor shall beconnected to its proper terminal.3.All required tests shall be performed

a.Before first use on site.b. When there is evidence of damage.c .Before equipment is returned to servicefollowing any repairs.d. At intervals not exceeding 3 months.

The tests required shall be recorded andmade available to authority having jurisdictionand the OSHA compliance officer.

What is needed tocomply with OSHAand the NEC?

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4 5Electrical Workers’ Safety Handbook


LightingLamps for general illumination must be

protected from breakage.Metal shell sockets must be grounded.Portable lighting in wet or conductive

locations, like tanks or boilers, must bewithin 12 volts or protected by GFCIs.

Temporary lights must not be suspendedby their cords, unless they are designedthat way.

Extension CordsExtension cords must be of the three-wire,

heavy duty type (S, ST, and SO).Visual inspections of extension cords and

cord-plug connected equipment for defectsmust be performed daily.

Never use worn or frayed electricalcords or cables.


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Welding

What are myresponsibilities?

Your responsibilities include not onlywelding and cutting, but also performingrepairs and maintenance work on weldingmachines.

Protecting YourselfWhen welding and cutting, you must haveproper training and wear appropriateprotection such as:

Goggles, helmets, aprons, and gloves.Hard hats that will accommodate

welding shields.It is essential that your eyes are protected

from radiation exposure. Brief exposure toultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause eyeburn known as “welder’s flash.” Review thetable on the following page for suggestedprotective shade number.

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NOTICE:For additionalinformation onGas Welding andCutting refer toOSHA Safety andHealth Standardsfor Construction1926.350.



Minimum Suggested (1 )

Electrode Arc Protective Shade No.Operatio n Size 1/32”(mm) Current(A) Shade (C omfo rt)Shielded metal less than 3(2.5) less than 60 7 —arc welding 3-5(2.5-4) 60-160 8 10

5-8(4-6.4) 160-250 10 12more than 8(8.4) 250-550 11 14

Gas metal arc less than 60 7 —welding and 60-160 10 11flux cored arc 160-250 10 12welding 250-500 10 14Gas tungsten less than 50 8 10arc welding 50-150 8 12

150-500 10 14Air carbon arc (light) less than 500 10 12cutting (heavy) 500-1000 11 14Plasma arc less than 20 6 6-8welding 20-100 8 10

100-400 10 12400-800 10 14

Plasma arc (light)(2) less than 300 8 9cutting (medium)(2) 300-400 9 12

(heavy) (2) 400-800 10 14Torch brazing — — 3 or 4Torch soldering — — 2Carbon arc — — 14welding

Plate Thicknessin mm

Gas welding light under 1/8 under 3.2 4 or 5 medium 1/4 to 1/2 3.2 to 12.7 5 or 6 heavy over 1/2 over 12.7 6 or 8Oxygen cutting light under 1 under 25 3 or 4 medium 1 to 6 25 to 150 4 or 5 heavy over 6 over 150 5 or 6(1) As a rule of thumb, start with a shade that is too dark to see the weld zone.

Then go to a lighter shade which gives sufficient view of the weld zone without

going below the minimum. In oxyfuel gas welding or cutting where the torch

produces a high yellow light, it is desirable to use a filter lens that absorbs the

yellow or sodium line in the visible light of the (spectrum) operation.(2) These values apply where the actual arc is clearly seen. Experience has

shown that lighter filters may be used when the arc is hidden by the workpiece.Data from ANSI/ASC Z49.1-88

Guide For Shade Numbers



What are theoperationalsafeguards toconsider whenwelding?

NOTICE:See OSHA Safetyand HealthStandards forConstruction, Part1926.350-354,for specificregulations andwelding safety.See Know YourFire Extinguishersin the Appendix,pages 50-51.

Securing the SiteScreen welding operations to protect

workers and passersby from flashes.Post someone to keep people away in the

event that you are unable to screen or ropeoff the area properly.

Contain sparks and slag created bywelding or burning operations.

Remove combustible materials.

Leads and HosesNever run welding leads or burning hoses

through doorways.Protect welding leads and burning hoses

by suspending or covering.Be sure that an adequate fire extinguisher

is near all welding, burning, and open flameoperations.

Secure connections, couplings, andfittings.

Inspect all gauges, hoses, leads, grounds,clamps, welding machines, torches, andsolderers daily before using.

Turn off welding machines at the end ofeach shift.

Welding

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Welding

GroundingMake sure that all arc welding operations

are adequately grounded.Never perform welding operations from

metal ladders.Stand on a dry surface while welding.

Electrode HoldersCheck that the electrode holders and

connecting cable are fully insulated.Do not use a light holder for heavy work.Always remove welding rods from

electrodes.

Fire PreventionProper precautions (isolating welding andcutting, removing fire hazards from thevicinity, providing a fire watch, etc.) for fireprevention shall be taken in areas wherewelding or other “hot work” is being done.No welding, cutting, or heating shall be donewhere the application of flammable paints, orthe presence of other flammable compounds,or heavy dust concentrations creates a firehazard.

VentilationMechanical ventilation or air line respiratorsshall be provided when welding, cutting orheating:

zinc-, lead-, calcium-, mercury-, orberyllium-bearing, based or coated materialsin enclosed spaces.

stainless steel with inert-gas equipment.in confined spaces.where an unusual condition can cause an

unsafe accumulation of contaminants.

Never use lessthan #10 filterlenses whenwelding.

Proper eyeprotectiveequipment toprevent exposureof personnel shallbe provided.

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SAFETY TIP


A P P E N D I X

Good and BadRigging Practices

Double Slings

Eye Bolts

Double slings must be used when hoisting2 or more pieces of material over 12 feetlong.

Lifting on eye bolts from an angle reducessafe load limits as much as 90%.

Wrong

Right

Bad Practice Good Practice

Vertical lift oneye bolt


A P P E N D I X

Suspending NeedleBeams or Scaffolds

Good and BadRigging Practices

Hoisting StructuralSteel

Bad Practice Good PracticeSteel can cut rope. Sharp corners are

padded.

Bad Practice Good PracticeThis can bend Use space blocksflanges and cut and pad corners.rope.


A P P E N D I X

Crane Signals

Basic Movements

Clam Bucket Signals

Telescoping Boom

Crawler or TrackSignals

Hoist LowerLoad Load

Boom BoomUp Down

Swing

Open Close

Shorten ExtendBoom Boom

Lock the crawler onthe side indicatedby raised fist…Travel oppositecrawler belt indirection indicatedby revolving fist

Travel both crawlerbelts in directionindicated byrevolving fists


A P P E N D I X

Crane Signals

Stop Signals

Slow Signals

Selecting Single orMultiple ReevedLines

Stop Emergency Stop

DogEverything

Make RaiseMovements Load SlowlySlowly

Lower LowerLoad Slowly Boom Slowly

RaiseBoom Slowly

Lower RaiseBoom and Boom andRaise Load Lower Load

Multiple Single lineor main or lightload by load bytapping head holding elbowbefore direction before signaling

direction


A P P E N D I X

Fire Extinguishers

Use this to extinguish this classof fire

Do not use this to extinguish thisclass of fire

Do not use this to extinguish this classof fire, but to control small surfacefires

Special extinguishing agents approvedby recognized testing laboratoriesare required

Class A Class B Class C Class D

Type of ExtinguishersOrdinaryCombustible

FlammableLiquids

ElectricalEquipment

CombustibleMetals

Water Type

Foam

Carbon Dioxide

Dry Chemical/Sodium orPotassium Bicarbonate

Dry Chemical/Multipurpose ABC

Stored Pressure

Cartridge Operated

Water Pump Tank

Soda Acid

Cartridge Operated

Stored Pressure

Cartridge Operated

Stored Pressure


A P P E N D I X

Fire Extinguishers

Method ofOperation

Range Upkeep

Type of Extinguishers

Water Type

Foam

Carbon Dioxide

Dry Chemical/Sodium orPotassium Bicarbonate

Dry Chemical/Multipurpose ABC

Stored Pressure

Cartridge Operated

Water Pump Tank

Soda Acid

Cartridge Operated

Stored Pressure

Cartridge Operated

Stored Pressure

Pull Pin,SqueezeHandle

Turn UpsideDown &Pump

PumpHandle

TurnUpsideDown

TurnUpsideDown

Pull Pin,SqueezeLever

RuptureCartridge,Squeeze Lever



RuptureCartridge,Squeeze Lever

30’ – 40’

30’ – 40’

30’ – 40’

30’ – 40’

30’ – 40’

3’ – 8’

5’ – 20’

5’ – 20’

5’ – 20’

5’ – 20’

Check Air PressureGauge Monthly

Weigh Gas Cartridge,Add Water Annually

Discharge and Fillwith Water Annuallyif Required

Discharge and Fillwith Water Annually

Discharge and RechargeAnnually

Weigh Semi-Annually

Weigh Gas CartridgeCheck Dry ChemicalAnnually

Check Pressure andDry Chemical Annually

Check PressureDry Chemical Annually

Weigh Gas Cartridge,Check Dry ChemicalAnnually


A P P E N D I X

Hazardous MaterialsInformation

Examples ofContainer Labeling

HMISHazardous Materials Identification System

4 Severe Hazard3 Serious Hazard2 Moderate Hazard1 Slight Hazard0 Minimal Hazard

The letter to the right of the personalprotection category refers to the combina-tion of safety equipment you should wear.Refer to the Personal Protection Index onthe following page for examples of safetyequipment and the combinations in whichyou should wear them.


PERSONAL PROTECTION

REACTIVITY

FLAMMABILITY

HEALTH

B

1

2

3

A P P E N D I X

Personal ProtectionIndex

ABCDEFGHIJKX

++++++++++

Ask your supervisor for specialized handling instructions

+++++++++

++++++

S

Splash Goggles

Face Shiled

Supplied Air Respirator

Chemical Resistant Boots

afety Glasses

Combination Vapor/DustAir Purifying Respirator

KeyDust Air Purifying Respirator

Vapor Air Purifying Respirator

Chemical Resistant Apron

Full Chemical Resistant Suit

Chemical Resistant Gloves


A P P E N D I X



NFPANational Fire Protection Association Label

Health Hazard4 Deadly3 Extreme Danger2 Hazardous1 Slightly Hazardous0 Normal Material

Fire HazardFlash Points4 Below 73° F3 Below 100° F2 Below 200° F1 Above 200° F0 Will not burn

Specific HazardOxidizer OXYAcid ACIDAlkali ALKCorrosive CORUse no waterRadiation Hazard

Reactivity4 May detonate3 Shock and heat may detonate2 Violent chemical change1 Unstable if heated0 Stable


W

W

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A P P E N D I X


ANSIAmerican National Standards Institute Label


Name of product

Precautionarymeasures

Signal Word

Statement of hazards

Instructions in caseof contact or

exposure

Precautionarymeasures

Recommended fireextinguishing

method

NFPA label

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A P P E N D I X

First Aid

General Direction for First AidWhile help is being summoned, do thefollowing:1. Minimize injury - move victim only ifnecessary for safety reasons.2. Control severe bleeding.3. Maintain an open airway and give RescueBreathing or CPR if necessary.4. Treat for shock.

BleedingFirst Aid:1. Direct pressure and elevation:

Place dressing and apply direct pressuredirectly over the wound, then elevate abovethe level of the heart, unless there isevidence of a fracture.2. Apply pressure bandage:

Wrap bandage snugly over the dressing.3. Pressure points

If bleeding doesn’t stop after directpressure, elevation, and the pressurebandage, compress the pressure point.

Arm: Use the brachial artery - pushingthe artery against the upper arm bone.

Leg: Apply pressure on femoral artery,pushing it against the pelvic bone.

Nosebleed:To control a nosebleed, have the victim

lean forward and pinch the nostrils togetheruntil bleeding stops.

Urgent Care

Urgent Care

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A P P E N D I X

First Aid

PoisoningSignals: Vomiting, heavy labored breathing,sudden onset of pain or illness, burns orodor around the tips of the mouth, unusualbehavior.

First Aid:If you think someone has been poisoned,call your poison control center or localemergency number and follow theirdirections.

If conscious:Call Poison Control and try to identify

the poison.Be prepared to inform poison center of

the type of poison, when incident occurred,victim’s age, symptoms, and how muchpoison may have been ingested, inhaled,absorbed or injected.

If unconscious or nauseous:1. Position victim on side and monitor vitalsigns (i.e. pulse and breathing).2. Call Poison Control and identify poison.3. DO NOT give anything by mouth.

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Urgent Care

A P P E N D I X

First Aid

ShockSignals: Cool, moist, pale, bluish skin, weakrapid pulse (over 100), nausea, rate ofbreathing increased, apathetic.

First Aid:1. Maintain open airway, have victim liedown.2. Maintain normal body temperature(98.6), if too hot, cool down, and if toocold, use blankets, over and under, to warmthe victim.

BurnsSignals: Small, thin (surface) burns or large,thin burns: redness, pain, and swelling.Deep burns: blisters, deep tissue destruc-tion, charred appearance.

First Aid:1. Stop the burning - put out flames orremove the victim from the source of theburn.2. Cool the burn - run or pour cool wateron burn, immerse if possible. Cool untilpain is reduced.3. Cover the burn - Use dry, sterile dressingand bandage.4. Keep victim as comfortable as possiblefrom being chilled or overheated.

Urgent Care

Urgent Care


A P P E N D I X

First Aid

BurnsChemical burn - must be flushed with largeamounts of water until EMS arrives.

Electrical burn - make sure power is turnedoff before touching the victim.

Electrical ShockSignals: Unconsciousness, absence ofbreathing and pulse.

First Aid:1. TURN OFF THE POWER SOURCE -Call EMS. (DO NOT approach victimuntil power has been turned off.)2. DO NOT move a victim of electricalinjury unless there is immediate danger.3. Administer rescue breathing or CPR ifnecessary.4. Treat for shock.

Check for other injuries and monitor victimuntil medical help arrives.

Urgent Care

Urgent Care


A P P E N D I X

First Aid

FrostbiteSignals: Flushed, white, or gray skin. Pain.The nose, cheeks, ears, fingers, and toes aremost likely to be affected. Pain may be feltearly and then subside. Blisters may appearlater.

First Aid:1. Cover the frozen part. Loosen restrictiveclothing or boots.2. Bring victim indoors ASAP.3. Give the victim a warm drink. (DO NOTgive alcoholic beverages, tea or coffee.)4. Immerse frozen part in warm water(102°-105°), or wrap in a sheet and warmblankets. DO NOT rewarm if there is apossibility of refreezing.5. Remove from water and discontinuewarming once part becomes flushed.6. After thawing, the victim should try tomove the injured area a little.7. Elevate the injured area and protect fromfurther injury.8. DO NOT rub the frozen part. DO NOTbreak the blisters. DO NOT use extreme ordry heat to rewarm the part.9. If fingers or toes are involved, place dry,sterile gauze between them whenbandaging.

Urgent Care


A P P E N D I X

First Aid

HypothermiaSignals: Lowered body core temperature.Persistent shivering, lips may be blue, slowslurred speech, memory lapses. Most casesoccur when air temperatures range from30°-50° or water temperature is below 70°F.

First Aid:1. Move victim to shelter and remove wetclothing if necessary.

2. Rewarm victim with blankets or body-to-body contact in sleeping bag.

3. If victim is conscious and able to swallow,give warm liquids.

4. Keep victim warm and quiet.

5. DO NOT give alcoholic beverages, orbeverages containing caffeine.

Constantly monitor victim and give RescueBreathing and CPR if necessary.

Urgent Care


A P P E N D I X

First Aid

Heat Exhaustion/Heat Stoke

Signals:Heat Exhaustion: Pale, clammy skin,

profuse perspiration, weakness, nausea,headache.

Heat Stroke: Hot, dry, red skin, noperspiration, rapid and strong pulse, highbody temperature (105°). This is animmediate life threatening emergency.

First Aid:

1. Get the victim out of the heat.

2. Loosen tight clothing or restrictiveclothing.

3. Remove perspiration soaked clothing.

4. Apply cool, wet cloths to the skin.

5. Fan the victim.

6. If victim is conscious, give cool water todrink.

7. Call for an ambulance if victim refuseswater, vomits, or starts to lose conscious-ness.

Urgent Care

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A P P E N D I X

First Aid

Urgent Care Rescue Breathing

1. Check the victim.Tap and shout - “Are you okay?”, to see if

the person responds.If no response:

2. Call EMS.3. Care for the victim.Step 1: Look, listen and feel for breathingfor about 5 seconds. If the person is notbreathing or you can’t tell -Step 2: Position victim on back, whilesupporting head and neck.Step 3: Tilt head back and lift chin.Step 4: Look, listen, and feel for breathingfor about 5 seconds.

If not breathing …Step 5: Give two slow gentle breaths.Step 6: Check pulse for 5 to 10 seconds.Step 7: Check for severe bleeding.4. Give rescue breathing.

If pulse is present but person is still notbreathing …Step 1: Give one slow breath about every 5seconds. Do this for about 1 minute(12 breaths).Step 2: Recheck pulse and breathing aboutevery minute.

Continue rescue breathing as long aspulse is present but person is not breathing.

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If there is no pulse and no breathing…?5. Begin CardiopulmonaryResuscitation (CPR).


A P P E N D I X

First Aid

Choking

1. Check the victim.

When an adult is choking:Step 1: Ask, “Are you choking?” If victimcannot cough, speak, or breathe, is coughingweakly or is making high-pitched noises…

Step 2: Shout, “HELP!”

Step 3: Phone EMS for help. Sendsomeone to call for an ambulance.

Step 4: Do abdominal thrusts:

A. Wrap your arms around the victim’swaist. Make a fist. Place thumbside of fistagainst middle of abdomen just above thenaval. Grasp fist with other hand.

B. Give quick, upward thrusts. Repeat untilobject is coughed up or person becomesunconscious.

Urgent Care


A P P E N D I X

First Aid

Urgent Care Choking

If victim becomes unconscious, lowervictim to the floor.

Step 5: Do a finger sweep - Lift jaw andtongue, do a finger sweep to removeobstruction.

Step 6: Open airway - Tilt head back andlift chin.

Step 7: Attempt to give breaths. Withhead tilted back and chin lifted, pinch noseshut. Give two slow breaths for 1½ - 2seconds each.

If air won’t go in …Step 8: Give 15 chest compressions.

Find hand position on the breastbone.Position your shoulders over the hands.Compress the chest about 2 inches deep.

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A P P E N D I X

First Aid

Urgent CareChoking

Step 9: Look for an object.

Step 10: Give two rescue breaths.

Step 11: If the breaths still do not go incontinue steps 7 thru 10 orIf the breaths go in …Check for signs of circulation.

Lift the jaw and tongue and look insidemouth.

a finger.

fingers toward you and down into thegroove at the side of the neck.

If you see an object, sweep it out with

Find the Adam’s apple and slide your

?

?

?

Step 12: If there are signs of circulationbut no breathing, give rescue breathing. orIf there are no signs of circulation orbreathing, give CPR.

breathing for no more than 10 seconds.Check for sign of circulation and?


A P P E N D I X

Important Job SiteInformation

Job site

Telephone number

Location

Foreman’s name

Foreman’s home number

Company phone number

Location of first aid kit

Location of fire

extinguisher

Name(s) of first aid trained

personnel

Location of resuscitation

equipment

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A P P E N D I X

Important Job SiteInformation

Hospital

Ambulance

Fire Department

Other

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A P P E N D I X

Notes

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electrical workers safety handbook

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