ELECTRICAL SERVICES FOR KITCHEN AND DINING AREA

Topics Included• Need for the study of

electrical system and layout

• Architectural applications• Way of electricity to our

home• Inside kitchen• Various circuits with

typical diagrams• Electric and gas range• Common appliances for

kitchen: refrigerator, dish washer, microwave and food disposer

• Types of kitchen and dining areas

• Electrical appliances required accordingly

• Types of lightings in kitchen

• Electric stove, electric chimney, LED tables

• Typical layout and positioning for switch boards

• Lighting circuits• Lights and shadow effects• Types of lights• Earthing and ducting• Safety precautions• Alternative methods

Why do we need to study electrical system and layout…???

• Production and Supply to a building .

• Types of supply depending on building type

• Electricity requirement for different activities . • Proper location but also flexibility

• Further addition or remodeling of load

• Safety of installation and operation

• Architectural application

• Calculations of load requirement

Architectural Applications

ELECTRICITY

GENERATION,

TRANSMISSION AND

DISTRIBUTION

Inside the kitchen

• The use of electrical service in the kitchen surpasses any other room in the house.

• Consider how much electrical power the stove, oven, and range use. And the refrigerator? It's running 24/7.

• There are some basic circuits that are needed in a kitchen area to supply an effective amount of power to the appliances that will be used.

• Here is a list of the most commonly used circuits in a kitchen....

Dedicated Circuits

Fixed appliances usually have their own dedicated circuit. These separate circuits are specific to appliances that must remain running at all times, like freezers, refrigerators, ranges, electric water heaters, and clothes dryers.

Junction Boxes

Junction boxes are required for electrical connections. The junction box can be either be an internal box associated with the appliance or a junction box in the wall.

GAS RANGE

110 -120 volt, 60 hertz, properly grounded branch circuit protected by a 15/20 amp circuit breaker or fuse.

Must be properly grounded and polarized.

#14 gauge house wire minimum for 15 amp protection, #12 gauge is a must for 20 amp protection

ELECTRIC RANGE

An electric range will need a dedicated 250-volt, 50-amp circuit.

That means that you'll need to pull a 6/3 NM cable or #6 THHN wire in pipe to feed the range.

REFRIGERATOR:

• The refrigerator requires a dedicated 20-amp, 125-volt circuit.

• You may only have a smaller refrigerator, while someone else may have a 25 cubic foot side-by-side refrigerator that draws more power.

• A 12/2 NM wire with a ground is required.

• A separate (dedicated ) circuit serving this appliance is recommended.

DISHWASHER:

The dishwasher circuit should be a dedicated 125-volt, 15-amp circuit.

It is fed with a 14/2 NM wire with a ground. You may elect to feed the dishwasher with a 20-amp circuit using 12/2 NM wire with a ground.

A separate (dedicated ) circuit serving this appliance is recommended.

MICROWAVE OVEN:

The microwave oven needs a dedicated 20-amp, 125-volt circuit to feed it. This will require 12/2 NM wire with a ground.

It must be a properly grounded circuit protected

#14 gauge house wire minimum for 15 amp protection.

A separate (dedicated) circuit serving this appliance is recommended.

FOOD DISPOSER

• Food disposers do the dirty work, clean up the messes after meals.

• A dedicated 15-amp circuit is required being fed by 14/2 NM wire with a ground.

• You may elect to feed the disposer with a 20-amp circuit using 12/2 NM wire with a ground.

SMALL APPLIANCE LOADS:

• Atop your counter top you will need two dedicated 20-amp, 125-volt circuits to run your small appliance loads.

• Like toasters, electric griddles, coffee pots, etc...

• Although there may be more than two outlets on these circuits, two circuits is the minimum. That's not to say you can't add more circuits if your needs require them.

• Additionally, GFCI receptacles will be required in areas that are likely to get wet.

Types Of Kitchens And Dining Areas

• At residential level• Hostel Mess• Hotels and Restaurants• Cafeteria• Open Air/Terrace

At Residential Level

Hostel Mess

Hotels And Restaurants

Cafeteria

Open Air/Terrace (day time)

Open Air/Terrace (night time)

Electrical Appliances Required

• Lightings• Refrigerators• Microwave/oven• Ac• Fan/exhaust fan• Sink grinder• Electric kettle• Heaters/toasters• Mixer/juicer/grinder• Electric stove• Dish washer• Chimney• Led tables

Lightings In Kitchen and Dining

• Lighting is a key element in almost every room of the house, but it’s particularly important to get it right in the kitchen.

• Ambient lighting and task lighting, both are equally important for a kitchen.

• The dining room of today is rarely used just for entertaining and formal dining. Most often the dining table doubles as a work zone for homework or projects, meetings and crafts, and last, but not least as a gathering place for family and friends.

• The right lighting will set the perfect mood for your dining experience and also provide ample task lighting.

• The trick to accommodating both well is using a dimmer as well as hanging the chandelier or pendant light at the correct height over the table. Layers of light will create the ideal illumination that is pleasing without creating glare.

Types Of kitchen lighting

✓General lighting: Most kitchens start with a fluorescent fixture somewhere close to the center of the room. Using “daylight” fluorescent tubes give the overall kitchen a comfortable feel.✓Track lighting – Track lighting is handy because when the cook is

busy working at the kitchen counter, her body is casting shade on the work area from that central fixture. LED light bulbs or low voltage halogen bulbs are popular with track lighting because they put light right where it's needed.✓Under cabinet lights – But what happens when the work area is

under a kitchen cabinet? A good solution here is to install under cabinet light fixtures. Halogen light bulbs are the best choice.✓Can lights and pendant lights – These are round lights that do

double duty: they spotlight specific areas of the kitchen and add character to the room.✓Cove lighting – Generally installed on top of kitchen cabinets,

cove lighting directs light upwards. Again, this adds character to the kitchen area.

Lightings In Kitchens

Indirect Fluorescent Cove Light • Cove lighting is a form of indirect lighting

built into ledges, recesses, or valences in a ceiling or high on the walls of a room. It directs light up towards the ceiling and down adjacent walls.

• Cove lighting is valued because it hides the fixtures, and because it provides a very even, warm light.

• Cove lights are ideal sources of ambient illumination in kitchens and can be used to fill the space between the topmost portions of interior walls with light.

• Xenon linear light strips are widely used in kitchen coves as these strips are much slimmer and keep a much lower profile that standard fluorescent over cabinet lights.

Fluorescent Task Light• Task light makes dirt easier to spot on

counters and in the sink. Being able to see well while chopping, slicing, and dicing doesn’t hurt either .

• These are energy efficient: use only about 20 to 30% of the energy required by incandescent bulbs

• Cool operating temperatures: more than 90 percent of the energy produced by incandescent lights can be heat, not light.

• Varied selection of light colours: by using different mixes of gases inside, fluorescents can produce a wide assortment of color light

• Long operating life: last 10 to 20 times longer than incandescent bulbs

Dimmable Incandescent Over Table

Electric Stove

• It uses resistive heating coils which heated iron hotplates, on top of which the pots were placed.

Electric Chimney• Electric chimney are an efficient way

of removing smoke and odor compared to exhaust fans from a kitchen.

• It saves the ceiling from being marked with everything you've cooked.

• Two types: traditional and designer

• Traditional chimneys: for the utilitarian users, who want a chimney purely for their smoke absorbing abilities

• Designer chimneys: for those who along with the utilitarian aspect, want a chimney that enhances the decor of their kitchen.

LED Tables

• LED offer long service life and high energy efficiency, but initial costs are higher than those of fluorescent and incandescent lamps.

• LEDs are damaged by operating at high temperatures, so LED appliances typically include heat managements elements such as heat sinks and cooling fins.

A Typical Layout Plan Of Kitchen And Dining

Positioning For Switch Boards

Lighting Circuit

• Of course a kitchen wouldn't be complete without a lighting circuit to brighten the cooking area.

• A 15-amp, 125-volt dedicated circuit is required to power the ceiling fixtures, can lights, under cabinet lights, and strip lights if you have them.

• Each set of lights should have their own switch giving you the option of which ones to turn on.

• Kitchen light switches must be strategically located. The general lighting switches should be situated at all entrances to the kitchen.

• Earthing /grounding is an essential part of electrical services for kitchen, as we might get shocks through few appliances.

• Ducting (either floor or walls), is done in order to provide proper underground wiring for various appliances.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. Check your plug sockets: Too many electrical appliances in one socket can lead to overheating. Make sure they are not overloaded.2. Check your wiring: Make sure that wires are not exposed, damaged or frayed, that they are kept away from heat or water and that they don't present a tripping hazardIf wires are damaged or worn get them repaired or placed, otherwise they can cause electric shock, burns and fire. To minimize damage to your wiring, carefully remove plugs from the socket.

3.Dishwashers and washing machines: If you leave a dishwasher or washing machine running during

the night, ensure you have a working smoke detector Ensure there are no leaks, particularly look for cracks in the

detergent drawer, as these could allow water into the electrics. Keep the outlet filter clean

4. Fridges and freezers Make sure there is enough room behind the appliance for air to

circulate freely. Ensure the interior or exterior ventilation openings of the fridge-

freezer are not blocked Avoid placing a fridge-freezer near cookers, radiators or in direct

sunlight, as this will result in it having to work harder to maintain the required internal temperature.

5.Safety plugs These are used specially for the safety of children.

Personal Grounding

• Protect us from harmful electromagnetic fields (EMF) in our environment, may be from electrical appliances used in kitchen

THANK YOU!!!