electric vehicles as enablers of sustainable future energy...
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Electric Vehicles as Enablers of Sustainable Future Energy Systems
Jurica Babicsociallab.science/jurica.babic
University of Zagreb
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing
CROATIA
April 2016, Zagreb, CROATIA
Outline
• Breaking down the title
• Why should we care?
• Do we care?
• Electric Vehicle – a disruptive technology
• Can EVs enable sustainable future energy systems?
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 2
Breaking Down the Title (1):Electric Vehicles as Enablers of Sustainable Future Energy Systems
Energy System
• Focus on electricity (power)
• Generation, transmission, distribution, consumption
Electric Vehicles
• Focus on cars
• Electric motor (highly efficient)
• Zero tailpipe emissions
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 3
Electric Power SystemTesla Model S
Breaking Down the Title (2):Electric Vehicles as Enablers of Sustainable Future Energy Systems
Sustainable Future Energy System
• Carbon-neutral
• Renewables
• Energy efficient
• Paradigm shift:• Centralized system
• Decentralized system
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 4
Why should we care?
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 5
The way we produce and consume energy = BAD• Climate change
• Depleting fossils (coal, gas)
• Large societal problem
• Large-scale sustainable challenges
• Cannot be solved by one discipline alone• Stakeholders from politics, industries, and science to still
at the same table
• Renewables = high volatility, unpredictable output
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 6
How do we facilitate transition from vertically integrated
industry towards decentralizedindustry?
Technology, right?
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 7
Technology requirements
SMART GRID
• Two-way flows of energy
• Two-way flows of information = ICT
• More than 10-year old concept
• Smart meters, do you have it?
Real-life deployment?
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 8
Multi-layered conceptual model of a smart grid
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9
Real-life deployment?
Wordcloud for a Toward a Smart
Grid by S. Massoud Amin and Bruce F. Wollenberg (IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2005)
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April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 11
„YOU’VE GOT TO START WITH THE
CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE
AND WORK BACKWARDS TO THE
TECHNOLOGY”
- Steve Jobs, Apple Inc CEO, 1997
Do we care?
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 12
People’s view on energy:RECENT PAST and PRESENT (1)• Energy seen just as a commodity
• Available & reliable
• We do not care how the energy is produced
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 13
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 14
California blackout, 2001
People’s view on energy:RECENT PAST and PRESENT (2)
People’s view on energy:PRESENT (1)
Emotionalization of energy
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 15
Fukushima Nuclear Disaster, 2011Outcome: freeze to new nuclear plant development worldwide
People’s view on energy:PRESENT (2)
Emotionalization of energy
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 16
Croatians against coal-based power plant PLOMIN C in Istria
Germany, among world leaders in renewable energy => 33% electricity from wind and solar
People’s view on energy:FUTURE (1)• Decentralization of energy seen as a crucial aspect
to address climate change.
• Similarities with Internet, anyone? • decentralizing computing power
• cloud services etc.
ROLE SWITCH
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 17
PAST/PRESENT
END-CONSUMER
FUTUREPROSUMER
Producer & consumer
People’s view on energy:FUTURE (2)
„A way to put communities in charge of their own energy future”
• Active participation in energy landscape• Wind generation
• Solars on rooftoops
• Multiplier benefits:• source of energy
• source of economic development
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 18
Electric VehicleA disruptive force or what?
Disruptive forces:Internet (90s), smart phones (2000s) etc.
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April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 20
5th Avenue, New York City, 1900
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5th Avenue, New York City, 1913
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Electric Vehicles?Why?
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Energy efficiency…
Zero tailpipe emissions
* Infographics from the book Our Car as Power Plant(http://goo.gl/mlje4t),
Ad van Wijk & Leendert Verhoef
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 24
What is the energy efficiency (in %) of your
car?
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 25
* Infographics from the book Our Car as Power Plant(http://goo.gl/mlje4t),
Ad van Wijk & Leendert Verhoef
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 26
Well-to-Wheel efficiency = less
than 3 %
EV types (1)
Battery Electric Vehicle(BEV)
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 27
Nisan LEAF Toyota Prius
EV types (2)
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle(PHEV)
Fuel Cell Vehicle(FCV)
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 28
Chevrolet Volt Toyota Mirai
Electric Vehicle Types – a Comparison
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2-3.5 euros EV costs per 100 km, what about your car?
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 30
1.4%EV market share, EU average
Battery costBattery is the most expensive part of an EV
GOOD NEWS: prices are coming down
12%, 4%New sales in Norway and the Netherlands
EVs in Croatia
Incentives = Up to 40% discount
- max 70 000 kn for an EV
- max 30 000 kn for a PHEV
2015:• 1.5M cars
• 156 EVs
• 70 PHEVs
EV market share, EU average: 1.4%
Nikola Tesla EV Rally Croatia 2016
Charger infrastructure map –www.puni.hr/
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 31
Rimac Automobili – Concept One (high performance car)
DOK-ING XD
How does your country support EV market
uptake?… Case study group 1 will report on situation from Croatia, Spain, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania …
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 32
Let’s Innovate:Flying Cars
What do you think?
Possible?
Concerns?
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 33
SWOT ANALYSIS
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 34
EVs and Sustainable Future Energy SystemsIs there a match?
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 35
Virtual Power Plant – aggregate small producers in a large entity
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Two-way flows of communication and
energy
Virtual Power Plant (VPP)
Distribution network
IndustryBuildings, commercial, DER
Distributed energy resource (DER)
Distributed energy resource (DER)
Transmission network endpoint
Wind turbineSolar
Storage
Combined heat and power (CHP)
Electric vehicle (EV)
PROSUMER:- consumes when
driving- stores excess
energy from the grid
Let’s Innovate:Cars as Powerplant
What do you think?
Why?
Doable?
Concerns?
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 37
instead ofcar conventional powerplant
SWOT ANALYSIS
Virtual Power Plant – just a fiction or reality?YOUTUBE TIME!
• Car sharing company, car2go:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvAWtV4Bp1U
• Car as Powerplant, Hydrogen vision:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNrhOLq3JFE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MeCcxT1H_nE
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 38
Smart Parking Lot
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Parking lot
EVsElectricity market
Motivation: missing charging infrastructureintelligent decision making
Case Study: Melbourne’s Public Parking Lots
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• Input data
• Melbourne’s public parking lots
• Australia Energy Market Operator
Input data Simulation
Parameters
Output data
• Parameters
– Willingness to pay
– Number of chargers
– Type of chargers
• Output data
– Annual profit
Smart Parking Lot
• Using analytics to answer the following questions regarding chargers in parking lots:• How many chargers?
• What type of chargers?
• What is the payback period?
• Take-home messages• Parking lots are natural solutions to the increasing
demand for charging stations
• Simulations to generate relevant data
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 41
Conclusion
• Energy challenge, large-scale societal problem
• Sustainable future energy system = decentralization
• Human-centric perspective is crucial• Get a sense of what customer needs but do not neglect
the power of innovation
• EV is a disruptive technology
• EV as enabler of sustainable future energy system• Virtual Power Plant
• Smart Parking Lot
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 42
April 2016 INNOSOC ZAGREB 2016 WORKSHOP 43
„FAILURE IS AN OPTION HERE. IF
THINGS ARE NOT FAILING, YOU ARE
NOT INNOVATING ENOUGH”
- Elon Musk, Tesla Motors CEO
This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the
Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.