electric vehicle integration into the grid ism 270, january 27 , 2011 geoff ryder sap labs, llc

Electric Vehicle Integration into the GridISM 270, January 27, 2011

Geoff Ryder SAP Labs, LLC

Notes on ISM 270 Homework, Discussion1

2

3

Electric Vehicles: Demand Management; Grid and Battery Asset Management; Billing for Networked EV Business Models.Agent-Based Grid Simulation Project

Notes on Programming Tools

strictly confidential

Safe Harbor Statement

This document is intended to outline future product direction, and is not a commitment by SAP to deliver any given code or functionality. Any statements contained in this document that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements. SAP undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. The timing or release of any product described in this document remains at the sole discretion of SAP. This document is for informational purposes and may not be incorporated into a contract. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, and they should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.


Estimate: California statewide cumulative investment through 2020 to achieve RPS goals


SAP’s Utilities Solution MapSuppliers & Partners Customers &

Channels Generation Transmission & Distribution Meter Operation Retail & Services

Enterprise Management & SupportAnalytics

Strategic Enterprise Management Financial Analytics Operations Analytics Workforce Analytics

Financials Financial Supply Chain

Management Financial Accounting Management Accounting Corporate Governance

Human Capital Management

Talent Management Workforce Process Management Workforce Deployment

Corporate Services

Travel Management Environment, Health and Safety Incentive and Commission Management Real Estate Management

Operations Support Life-Cycle Data Management

Project and Portfolio Management Quality Management Indirect Procurement Global Trade Services

Asset Life Cycle Management

Supply Operations

Resource Management

Meter Reading Services

Energy Capital Management

Selling of Energy and Services

Customer Service Management

Billing of Energy and Services

Customer Financial Management

Collaborative Services & Intercompany Data Exchange


Estimate: California statewide cumulative investment through 2020 to achieve RPS goals


Delivering the Business CaseSustainability is an IT integration challenge

Orch

estra

tion

On DeviceOn Dem

and+ Add-on

On PremiseAMI Integration

for Utilities

MIIManufacturing

Integration

Sustainability Strategy

Sustainable Consumption

Resource Productivity

OperationalRisk Mgt





SustainabilityPerformance Mgt



OperationalRisk Mgt


Resource ProductivityResource Productivity

CarbonImpact

EHS Mgt Global BatchMgt

ReachCompliance

SupplierRelationship Mgt

RecyclingAdministration

Transpor-tation Mgt

SupplyChain Mgt

EHS AnalyticsSustainabilityReporting

BusinessObjects Explorer

Raj Valame, energy management for manufacturing

Palo Alto Energy Efficiency Showcase:$2M Investment in Clean Tech http://www.cnbc.com/id/15840232/?video=1707896067&play=1

Cost $250KPurchase, lease guarantor

$434K $128K $1.2M $300K $2.31M

AnnualCarbonFootprintReduction(metric tons)

32 tons 70 tons 235 tonsProjected

215 tonsProjected

255 tons 807 tons

Payback 12 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 1 year 4 years

Approximate AnnualSavings

$21K Over same size gas- powered fleet

$80K $24K $240K $300K $0.67M

Tele-presence

EVs and Chargers

COIL DC Conversion

LED, Light Controls

Solar PV Panels

All Projects

Dec. 9, 2010

http://www.cnbc.com/id/15840232/?video=1707896067&play=1


Video: Better Place Battery Swapping Operation, Timed

Here are links that describe our EV-related deployments at SAP Palo Alto:http://www.cnbc.com/id/15840232/?video=1707896067&play=1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csV1W75hhZ0

http://www.cnbc.com/id/15840232/?video=1707896067&play=1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csV1W75hhZ0


Electric Vehicles: Compare costs per mileApproximation: 1 kWh = 4 miles of driving distance

Nissan Leaf: approx. 25 kWh battery pack = 100 miles before recharging

Case: my Nissan Maxima, 20 mpg, 15 gallon gas tank, $3 per gallon

One fill-up is $45, and I can travel 300 miles.Cost per mile is $45 / 300 = $0.15 per mile

Case: a new Nissan Leaf. Electricity costs $0.1 per kWh.One fill-up is $0.1 * 25 = $2.50, and I can travel 100 miles.

Cost per mile is $2.50 / 100 = $0.025 per mile!


Charging Station Capacity

Home charging unit

Say your EV has a 25 kWh battery pack. To charge it all the way from

zero:

Level 1 Charger: 120 V AC, 14 A= 15 hours to charge

Level 2 Charger: 240 V AC, 14 A= 7.5 hours

Level 3 Charger (not available for most homes): 480 V DC, 125 A

= 42 minutes


Data from Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO)


Oil Dependence: $1T (+ $100B) annually

© SAP 2009 /


Roll-out Schedule for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

2009 2012 2011 2010

BYD in Europe

Fisker Karma

Subaru Stella

Chrysler

Smart for Two

ZENN City

BYD EV in China

Tesla Roadster

Saturn VUE

Mitsubishi iMiEV

Chevrolet Volt

Kia LPG/Electric

EPRI, Eaton, Ford Trouble Truck

Nissan LEAF

BMW Mini E

Toyota Prius

Aptera BYD F3DM

Ford Escape

Hyundai

BEVPHEV

Tesla Roadster Prius PHEV Hyundai i10Nissan Leaf


New Electric Vehicles from China

Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Co. BE701200 km per charge

Shandong Baoya Vehicle Co.: the Baoya Electric Car150 km per charge

Changan Automotive Group (Ford partner)BenBen electric conversion (Canada) Haifei Auto Group: Saibao, 160 km per charge


Revenue Impact of EVs

Electric Power Utilities Automobile OEMs

New Capital Investments

ICE Car Sales and Service

EV Sales and Service

$

New Distribution-LevelInfrastructure, Programs for EV Owners

EV-Driven Electricity Sales

Current US Vehicle Fleet: ~ 246M

US EV Sales, 2015: ~ 1M?


Data from Argonne National Labs


Pricing for the Nissan Leaf


Gas station

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicle

OEM

Weak relationships after purchase

OEMElectric Power Utility

--Set up home charging station

--Billing relationship for fuel

--Demand management, load shaping

--Grid asset management

UtilityCar

Manufacturer

--Needs OEM-authorized service

--OEM responsible for battery asset management

Electric Vehicles:It’s All About the Battery


Large-Scale EV Infrastructure Business Models

Utility Centric(e.g. RWE)

Public and private

charging stations by

multiple operators

UtilityCar

Manufacturer

Sell car w/ battery(or lease)

Payutility bill

Charge Station Centric(e.g. Coulomb Tech)

Electricitydistributor

Charge stations Billing

Pay to charge

UtilityCar

Manufacturer

Demand mgmt

Power supply& Billing (opt.)

Sell car w/ battery(or lease)

Pay utility bill Charge

Demand mgmt

Power supply& Billing

Turnkey(e.g. BetterPlace)

Utility

Electricity Distributor Own battery &

charge station

Car Manufacturer

Sell car w/o battery

Subscribe $/ mile

Battery rental

Demand mgmt Power supply

http://www.coulombtech.com/

http://www.betterplace.com/



URL: Better Place battery swapping demo, Yokohama

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5b0T5NUHyxs&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5b0T5NUHyxs&feature=related


Gas station


OEM







UtilityCar

Manufacturer



Demand Management 1


The Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on the Grid

PEV, 120 V at 12 APEV, 240V at 15 A

PEV, 240V at 32 ATesla, 240V at 80 ASan Francisco, CA

Hartford, CT

Dulles, VASouth Bend, INSpringdale, AR

0 5 10 15 20 25

1.43.6

7.719.2

34.3

4.66

7.7

Orange: typical peak residential electricity use, kWBlue: peak EV charging rate, kW

Problem: can older poletop transformers in our service territory handle the new load?

(Research by Arindam Maitra, EPRI, 2010)


SAP CUSTOMERS PROCESS 2.5 BILLION

UTILITY BILLS PER YEAR


Asset Capacity versus EV Penetration Level(Research by Arindam Maitra, EPRI, 2010)

© SAP 2008 /


Solution: Manage EV Charging Demand through Time of Use Pricing (TOU)

Shift demand

MWMW

Hour of day Hour of day


Example of a Time of Use Pricing Schedule(PG&E Team, PlugIn San Jose, 2010)

© SAP 2008 /


22

Utility Bill

SAP and its partners enable utility-centric EV charging

Electric VehicleCharging Station

Business or Residence

Other electricity loads

Building Power Control Unit

Smart Meter:

MDUS

AMI

Billing

ChargingStation

Operator

The charging station is a sub-meter to the smart meter. The AMI channel for the station is

mapped to a device in the SAP billing system.

…through AMI, bypassing the smart meter, but using the same

protocol.

…using a proprietary protocol to the network operation center of the charging station operator,

and from there directly submitting data to MDUS.

…directly from the charging station operator to SAP billing

software.

Residential Electricity

Electric Vehicle Charging

… …

1

31

3

4

4

4


Utility-centric EVSE deployments are taking place in the midst of the rollout of the smart grid.

Role of eMobility companies in the smart grid ecosystem:

Image credit: GTM Research. Downloaded 10/13/2010 http://www.greentechmedia.com/images/wysiwyg/research-blogs/taxonomy-large.jpg

Grid optimization

Networked vehicles

Communication layer: HW, SW, Control Smart meter services

Demand response

Distributed generation and storage

http://www.greentechmedia.com/images/wysiwyg/research-blogs/taxonomy-large.jpg


EV Owners Get TOU Pricing Signals through Vehicle Telematics Apps

© SAP 2008 /

Credits: Detroit Edison, Inc.Automatiks, Inc.Telematics Detroit Conference, 2010

Announced at CES, 2011 Ford Focus Electric, due out in late 2011

With Microsoft, Inc.: MyFord Mobile

Software automatically charges the vehicle during off-peak hours, when utility rates are cheapest.


Gas station


OEM







UtilityCar

Manufacturer



Battery and Grid Asset Management 2


Electric Vehicle Management

T

S

S

S

S

SS

Block view 3:21PMBryant St / 24th – 25th

San Francisco, CA 94110

Transformer

Charging Stations

2635 Bryant St P2645 Bryant St P2650 Bryant St E2660 Bryant St E2665 Bryant St E2675 Bryant St E

PP 2601b Bryant St O

2601a Bryant St O

Public Charging Station2601a Bryant St

Model: ABC 45cYear: 2009Last maintenance: 9/12/09Next maintenance: 10/19/10

Usage profile

ViewFile Tools Help


Asset management of electrified vehicle infrastructure

Home Office Public - City Public - Corporate Other

Charging Station

Operators

Vehicle Manufacturer

Service providers Service providers

On-demand Asset Management Hub

Utilities

Extensions toSAP Asset

Management

There will be a multitude of ownership and lease models for charging stations with the installation and maintenance typically sub-contracted to local service providers


Gas station


OEM







UtilityCar

Manufacturer



Billing for Networked EV Business Models 3


ID IDEnd User

ID

PG&EPG&E

OfficeHome

ChargingNetworkOperator

Daily daytime rechargeNightly recharge Ad-hoc recharge

Utility Supplier

Charge Station

Charge Location /Operator

Billing and pricing need to accommodate heterogonous technologies and business models

Billing relationshipBattery chargingCustomer relationship

http://www.sce.com/sc3/


CeBIT demo, March, 2010: SAP Enables Consolidated Billing for eMobility

Webtech server, Canada Coulomb server, Campbell, CA

SAP server, Palo Alto, CA

Utility company #1: the EV driver’shome utility

Utility company #2: a separate utility that owns the charging station

Equipment at the CeBIT conference floor: the networked console of an EV, from Webtech, and a networked charging station, from Coulomb


Utility Company Business Models:Predicted EV-Related Revenue Streams

© SAP 2008 /

% of Total Revenue

Electricity, 20%

EVSE Sales, 35%

Install, Maintain EVSE, 25%

Other Services, 20%

Source: Frost and Sullivan


Simple ROI for one charging station, for a small business. One networked pedestal-mount EVSE costs $4K.

($6.00)($5.00)($4.00)($3.00)($2.00)($1.00)$0.00 $1.00 $2.00

Model revenue needed to break even

Parameter Value

Interest rate 5%, annualEVSE Cost $4,000 (EVSE) + $2,000 (install)EVSE lifetime 7 years

1K d

olla

rs

+6+5+4+3+2+1 Year

With no public subsidy, the charging station must generate ~$1000 per year in revenue or more for the investment to have a positive net present value (NPV). With public subsidy for 50% of total cost ~$500 per year

Options for revenue: (1) Reselling utility company electricity revenue sharing agreement with EVSE network operator and utility(2) Charging more to park by the EVSE (priority classes, fleet discounts?)(3) Additional sales volume from higher customer traffic or longer customer stays(4) Providing other services for, e.g., municipal government(5) Claiming “low-carbon fuel credits” for electricity sold (6) Other types of revenue sharing with EVSE network operator


Pricing structures for electrical fuel, considering models from the utility, telecom, airline and oil & gas industries

TieredRate

Price based on volume per period, e.g. 10c for the first

10 kWh, 15c for 10kWh – 20 kWh

Time-of-use

Price based on time of use, e.g. 10c for off-peak/ nights & weekends, 25c for

peak / daytime

FlatRate

Unlimited use of service, e.g. unlimited text

messages or nation-wide calls

Servicelevel

price based on service level

agreement, e.g. $29.99 for 512kB

upload / 6 Mb download speed

Real-time

market-based prices, e.g.

gasoline prices related to oil

prices

Billing

Fleet

Pre-Pay

CreditDebit

Cash

Gas Stations

Tradi-tional

Utilities

Open for

discus-sion

Telecom

Airline PricingAirlines are another

industry with sophisticated pricing

models and a service/product with

similar characteristics to electricity.

Overbooking flights is an particular interesting strategy for maximizing utilization of capacity.


SAP’s Sybase mcommerce solutions: SingTel MobilePay

Insert subhead here as a full sentence at 18 point font, bold


Examples of vehicle telematics: differentiated service offerings for EV drivers

Regulations on EVSE ownership, use, business models

Contracts by type of use: Commuter Recreation Postal service Small business delivery Private or public buses Service trucks (e.g.,

utilities) Public services (e.g. police) Taxis

Type of communications, and intermediaries

SMS message display screen in the car smart phone

Service Type NotesRoad access E-day, other priority class

Parking For 2-wheel EVs, cars, light delivery trucks, tour buses

Level 1 charging Very slow; emergency charge, or 2-wheel charge

Level 2 charging Most commonly deployed EVSE type

Level 3 charging Very crowded; need a “Fast Pass”?

Battery swap Not a standard across all EV types

Value-added services

Buy parking, charging, and movie tickets in one transaction

Factors influencing prices


Standards for EV Communication: Security? Privacy?

Application-Level Protocol

XMLHTTP, HTTPS

TCP/IP

Cel

lula

r (G

PR

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DG

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WiM

AX

®

WiF

i ®

Blu

etoo

th ®

2.0

, 3.0

Zigb

ee ®

Har

d-w

ired

inte

rface

EVCP Protocol Stack Business and Technology Issues

Oth

er w

irele

ss s

tand

ards

• Authentication / Security / Privacy• X.509 certificates (certificate authority, when issued and by

whom)• Security on both sides of transaction

• Privacy equivalent to existing fueling models (e.g. cash / credit / debit payment at gas station)

• Identity data• VIN number

• (universal) utility ID• ...

• Protocol Categories• Billing protocol

• Vehicle battery charging protocol• Vehicle sensor data protocol

• Vehicle services delivery protocol (e.g. POS services)• Vehicle diagnostics information protocol

• Protocol Uniformity• Same protocols for all charging infrastructure (residential,

standalone, private, workplace, etc.) ?


Trading LCFS credits will generate additional revenues.It requires separate accounting of electricity used for transportation

Smart Meter(residential use)

Sub-Meter(transportation use)

LCFS MarketsLCFS credits for $$$

Implications for AMI and Accounting Solutions Metering of transportation used electricity, e.g. sub-metering

Dual data record management through complete AMI infrastructure

Metering and accounting of non-residential, transportation-used electricity

Create account for transportation-used electricity, link to trading sub-system and financial accounting system (after

LCFS are being sold)

It is still under debate which entity can claim the revenues generated from LCFS credits, candidates include

utilities, vehicle manufacturers, and car owners


Conclusions, Next Steps Contact: [email protected]

© SAP 2008 /

EV Demand ManagementTime of Use Pricing, through AMI and Vehicle Telematics. Call for innovation: driver communications, demand response...

1

2

3

Grid and Battery Asset ManagementThrough existing asset management platforms. Call for innovation: security, privacy of EV drivers’ personal information...

Billing for Networked EV Business ModelsTime of Use Pricing, through AMI and Vehicle Telematics. Call for innovation: new networked business models + revenue streams to make infrastructure deployment more profitable, and to lower costs...

electric vehicle integration into the grid ism 270, january 27 , 2011 geoff ryder sap labs, llc

Documents

demand management grid

forwardlooking statements

given release

sole discretion of sap

release date

geoff ryder sap labs

rps goals

right level of quality