electric vehicle and its infrastructure for the future of...

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2018/EWG/WKSP1/011

Electric Vehicle and Its Infrastructure for the Future of Charging

Submitted by: CHAdeMO Association

APEC Electromobility WorkshopSantiago, Chile

1-2 February 2018

EV and Its Infrastructure- For the Future of Charging -

2018 February 2nd

CHAdeMO Association

Secretary General

Makoto YOSHIDA

All rights reserved. CHAdeMO Association

2

Agenda

1. Background

2. CHAdeMO Standard

3. Future Direction


3

1. Background

2. CHAdeMO Standard

3. Future Direction


4

EV’s Attractiveness

Sustainability

Low Operation Cost

Chargeat Home

Connectivity

QuietAcceleration

Contribute to Grid

Design Flexibility


5

EV’s Task

High Vehicle Price

Long Charging Time

Short Driving Range

Charging System

&

Battery


6

EV contribute for

Increasing

Grid Stability

Efficient InfraInvestment

IndustrialInnovation

Better

Air Quality

Release fromOil Dependence

Stop

Global Warming


7

Electrification Background

Air Quality• USA (California)

• China

• India

Global Warming• Europe

Energy Security• China

• India

• Arabic Country

Industrial Innovation• Germany

• China

• India

• ASEAN


8

Direction Goes EV

EU; 24Bil Euro for Charger (TEN-T)UK; Ban of Pure ICE by 2040 France; Ban of Pure ICE by 2040Germany; Ban of ICE by 2030 (not finalized)

California; ZEV Mandate 2018 16%+ $2.5Bil for Charger

USA; $5Bil for Charger from Govt.+ $2Bil for Charger from VW (Penalty)

ChinaNEV Mandate; 2018 8%, 2019 10%, 2020 12%

NEV Volume; 2020 2Mil, 2025 7Mil,2030 16Mil

with EV ≒ Charger

India; Ban of ICE by 2032Malaysia; 2020 100K EVThailand; EV Policy Announced

Others Contacted CHAdeMO Australia, New Zealand, Philippine, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan,Indonesia, Singapore, UAE, Morocco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia


9

OEM

Volvo All EV or HEV after 2019

VW 20-25% of total sales xEV@2025; Approx. 50 model 3 MillionxEV Slaes 400K@2020 in China, 1.5 Mil. @202510 Bil. Investment into China

Daimler New EV Bland “EQ”, 15-25% EV by 2025

Ford xEV Slaes 70%@2025 in China

Renault Launch 4 models

Tesla 500K order of Model 3, Total sales Volume 0.5 Million by 2018 end

Nissan Cumulative EV Sales volume 350KEV launch with Infiniti @2021

Honda 2/3 of Total Sales to be xEV by 2030 (50%;PHEV/HEV, 15% FCV/EV

Toyota With Mazda, DENSO new Company for EV established in 2017In China New PHEV Launch in 2018, Start to sell EV from 2019

Mitsubishi Launch Small EV and PHEVAfter 2020, xEV powertrain line-up for all main Models

Subaru PHEV Launch in 2018, EV Launch in 2021

Mazda EV Launch in 2019, PHEV Launch in 2021

Suzuki In India, New LIB Manufacturing Company with Toshiba, DENSO (20Bil. JPY)9

Automobile Manufactures’ Activities


10

Battery – it’s Important!

Requirement on Battery

• Huge Demand (1500K with Bigger Battery@2020)

• Big Capacity for Longer Range (500km)

• High Chargeability for Quicker Charging (10min?)

• High Durability（Designed for multi Generation Use）

• Recyclability (Systematic Quality Assurance)

• High Density（350Wh/kg@2020 China）

• Low Cost（$200/kWh@2020 NEDO）

• Less Rare Metal / Rare Earth

• Output Quality of Electricity（Accuracy, Response）

• Safety (No Fire, No Explosion, No Toxically Cabin)

Battery Differentiate EV


11

Benefit of Charger

Charger Needed to Deploy EV

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

CY2010 CY2011 CY2012 CY2013 CY2014 CY2015 CY2016 CY2017

Europe

Euro EV

Euro Cgr


12

Importance of Charging Network Rollout

12

QC and EV sales by each Pref. in JapanNo. of QCEV sales

No. of QCEV (LEAF) Sales


13

1. Background

2. Charging Standard

3. Future Direction


14

Type of Charging

14

@HomeCharging Network

@Destination Pathway

Distance

Type Basic Stay for some term Supply Needs, Urgency

Speed Normal Normal or Fast Fast

ChargerCharger

Charger

ChargerShort Short/Mid Long

8hours (AC/SP 200V)

Normal Charging Fast Charging

30min (DC 500V)


15

Connector

Inlet

IEC ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

USA

Europe ✓ ✓

Japan ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

China ✓

Communication CAN PLC CAN

Max Pwr（Spec） 200kW 600x400 185kW 750x250 200kW 600x400 350kW 900x400 ?

Max Pwr（Mkt） 150kW 50kW 50kW 350kW？ 120kW

First Launch 2009 2013 2014 2013 2012

CHAdeMOUS-COMBO

CCS1GB/TEUR-COMBO

CCS2 Tesla

DC Charging Standards


16

Connector

Inlet

IEC ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

USA

Europe ✓ ✓

Japan ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

China ✓

Communication CAN PLC CAN

Max Pwr（Spec） 200kW 600x400 185kW 750x250 200kW 600x400 350kW 900x400 ?

Max Pwr（Mkt） 150kW 50kW 50kW 350kW？ 120kW

First Launch 2009 2013 2014 2013 2012

CHAdeMOUS-COMBO

CCS1GB/TEUR-COMBO

CCS2 Tesla

DC Charging Standards

CAN protocol are the majority

CHAdeMO(CAN) GB/T(CAN) Tesla(CAN) CCS(PLC)

PLC

CAN


17

Manufacturers・Charger ・Vehicle ・Electricity・Connector ・Auto Parts ・Cable

Power grid Communication / IT Installers construction Certification organization

Consortium

Membership fee: $5K (Full) $1K (Info)

CHAdeMO Association Since 2010

36 economies, 372 organizations


18

Availability Function Cost

High Power Charge

Vehicle cost

Infra investment

Customer Benefit

Fee

Priority of Charging Standard

Safe, Reliable,and Compatible

V2X


19

CHAdeMO Numbers as of end of Jan 2018

713323625902

45

2018

92

19

17,571 16,075 as of Aug 2018


20

CHAdeMO Numbers as of end of Jan 2018

713323625902

45

2018

92

19

17,571 16,075 as of Aug 2018

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

2014 2015 2016 2017

Total Japan Europe USA Asia


21

Function Required for Charger

Compatibility

Safety

Quality for E Grid

MarketabilityFlexibility to Local Grid, Convenience, New Function etc..


22

Compatibility

Safety

Credibility

Compatibility

Guarantee with Certificate System

Peugeot:iON

OtomotiveeKANGOO

Mitsubishi CAB-MiEV

Otomotiv:eTRAFIC

Nissan : LEAFCitroen: C-ZERO

Toyota: eQMistubishi

i-MiEV

Otomotiv : eScudo

Subaru : Stella

Peugeot:Partner

Citroen: Berlingo

Mazda:Demio EV

Mitsubishi MiEV (Truck)

MitsubishiOutlander

Nissan: eNV200

Kia SoulBMW i3

(JPN only)VW e UP

(JPN only)VW e Golf(JPN only)

Tesla Model S with adapter

Nissan : LEAF

http://www.google.co.jp/url?url=http://www.volkswagen.de/de/models/golf_7/trimlevel_overview.s9_trimlevel_detail.suffix.html/der-e-golf~2Fe-golf.html&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ei=0af6VKmkFMrv8gXa24DIAg&ved=0CDoQ9QEwEg&usg=AFQjCNFgUrkQjEpLm5gu3BLPhvvIk6zibQ

http://www.google.co.jp/url?url=http://www.volkswagen.de/de/models/golf_7/trimlevel_overview.s9_trimlevel_detail.suffix.html/der-e-golf~2Fe-golf.html&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ei=0af6VKmkFMrv8gXa24DIAg&ved=0CDoQ9QEwEg&usg=AFQjCNFgUrkQjEpLm5gu3BLPhvvIk6zibQ


23

Cost Comparison

Comparison in Japanese Model (Elec Fee, Gas Price etc)

Internal CombustionEngine

Battery EV Fuel Cell Vehicle

Car Price(w/o Subsidy)

- + $10K + $40K

Running Cost 10 C / km@Gas; $1 / Liter

2 C / km@Elec; 10 C / kWh

25 C / km@H2; $3 / m3

Infrastructure(w/ install cost)

$1 Mil/ Station $50K/ Station $5 Mil / Station


24

1. Background

2. CHAdeMO Standard

3. Future Direction


25

CHAdeMO Achievement and Direction

Safety; Since 2009, No Accidents for 17000 chargers

Quality for Grid；V2X Function, No Accident

Compatibility; 30EV, 40 Areas’ Grid, 50 type Chargers

Marketability; High Power, Dynamic Control etc

Various Charging Style (Functional expansion)

From Big to Small (Category expansion)

Glocale (Geographical expansion)


Expansion with Core-Protocol

Guarantee Safety / Compatibility with Core-Protocol, then

Functional Expansion

Category Expansion

Geographical Expansion

CurrentCHAdeMO

CHAdeMO

Core Protocol

Functional Expansion

CategoryExpansion

Geographical Expansion


27

“Glocal” with Open Platform Strategy

Target

• Designed, Made, Certified, Sold, Charged Locally

• CHAdeMO Similarity Makes Export Easy (Global)

Proposal

• Localize the Certification Scheme

• Empowerment to Local Organization

• Open All the Intellectual Property

• With Local Companies to Minimize Cost

• Local Unique Standard with CHAdeMO Core Protocol

• Technical Support (Global Help Desk, Lecture, Education..)

• CHAdeMO Local Office (Tokyo + Europe, Thai, India, UK)


ThaiUnique

Multi logoCertification

Original CHAdeMO

Geographical Adjustment（under consideration）

Indian Unique Voltage

Increase Similarity

with Chinese Standard

CORE Protocol

Example

Apply any version of CHAdeMO spec (Backward compatibility)

Detail Numbers’ Accuracy Revision (if possible)


29

Industrial Innovation

EV Manufacturing

• Big Investment, Hard

Battery Manufacturing

• Hard but Possible

Charger Manufacturing

• Able to Start Tomorrowｰ Low Technical Barrier

ｰ Low Machine Cost

ｰ Low Installation Cost

ｰ Low Industrial Investment

ｰ No Patent Fee

ｰ With Technical Support

ｰ Expected to Export due to Commonality and Popularity


30

Category Expansion Common Protocol, Common Communication Method

Physical issue (inlet, connectors) might be Various

Wireless (Communication)

2W, Ultra Small Bus

Vehicle Certification(if required)

Truck

Work Vehicle Boat

Racing Car


31

Batt Cap Up

Various ChargingV2X Function

High Power Charging(100kW↑)

DC charge @Home (6-10kW)

Battery as Energy Device- Peak Cut- PV utilization- Join VPP- Emergency Reserve- Leisure

Not Full Charge(20kW)Short Stay Charge Low Cost, Power ChargeNo Invertor in the CarGuide by Connected AI

Technology Trend for Battery Capacity increase


32

CHAdeMO High-power roadmap

2016 2018 2020

125Ax500V

Power share

50kW100/150-200kW

(Cont./Peak)350-400kW150-200kW

(Const.)

400Ax500V350-400A

x 1kV

Dynamic power control （Real time adaptive control）

Forced cooling connector & cable

High Power needs to come with appropriate VehicleAppropriate Deployment Plan Necessary (Cost High)

Pantograph


33

Task of High-Power

Short Duration

• Battery Acceptance

Impact to the Power Grid

• Need Special High power Contract ex;900V w/400A

Electrical Safety

• Heat Resistance for High Current

• Electrical Shock for High Voltage

• Heavier Cable and Connector with Liquid Cooling

Multi-Arm with Power Share

• Low Installation cost, Low Operation cost

• No Waiting Vehicle Line

Capacity Charge Power

50kW 150kW 350kW

25kWh 30 min 10 min ??? ×

50kWh 1 hour 20 min ? ×

150kWh 3 hours 1 hour 30 min


34

Small Power

20kW Output also Beneficial

• Low Operating Cost (Low Impact to the Grid)

• Easy Installation (Low Investment)

• Longer Duration at Stay (Opportunity for the Mall)

• Big Battery Allow Only “Add-on” Portion

• Enough for Small Vehicle

• But, Safe and Compatible


35

2014 2016

nichiconIKS Tsubakimoto

MitsubishiHondaAESCHonda

2012

Alir PowerEnelEndesa

Andromeda Power

Takaoka Toko

2017AnyPCS2013

Princeton Power

2015

6kWV2H

10kWV2H/G

5kWV2H/G

6kWV2H

6kWV2H

1.5kWV2L

９kWV2L

10kWV2H/G

6kWV2V

6kWV2H/G

30kWV2V

V2X PCSs –Already on Sale Globally


36

Conclusion

Electric Vehicle will Contribute

• New Mobility

• New Energy Scheme

• New Industry

in Chili Electromobility

Charging Infrastructure Help to Deploy it

Battery Technology is another Key for it

Thank you for your attention

Muchas gracias por su atención

electric vehicle and its infrastructure for the future of...

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