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ELEC 353 Basic Electromagnetics and Transmission Line Theory Professor C.W. Trueman Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Room EV15.189 8482424 ext. 3094 [email protected] Office Hours: Tuesday 2:45 to 4:30, EV15.189. It is best to email for an appointment because I am often not available during these office hours. 1

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Page 1: ELEC 353 Basic Electromagnetics and Transmission Line Theorytrueman/elec353/ELEC353_2016_1.pdf · Basic Electromagnetics and Transmission Line Theory ... Chapter 2 Transient Response

ELEC 353Basic Electromagnetics and Transmission Line Theory

Professor C.W. TruemanDept. of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRoom EV15.189848‐2424 ext. 3094 [email protected]

Office Hours: Tuesday 2:45 to 4:30, EV15.189.

It is best to email for an appointment because I am often not available during these office hours. 

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Web Site For the Course

www.ece.concordia.ca/~trueman/web_page_353.htm

• Course outline• Lecture notes• Assignments• Practice Problems • Class tests from previous years• Software: BOUNCE, TRLINE, WAVES

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Text Book:

U.S. Inan, A.S. Inan and R.K. Said, “Engineering Electromagnetics and Waves”, 2nd edition, Pearson, 2014. ISBN 978‐0‐13‐266274‐0

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Chapter 1 Introduction: Lumped and distributed circuits.Chapter 2 Transient Response of Transmission LinesChapter 3 Steady‐State Waves on Transmission LinesChapter 7 Time‐Varying Fields and Maxwell’s EquationsChapter 8 Electromagnetic WavesChapter 9 Reflection, Transmission and Refraction of Waves at 

Planar InterfacesIntroduction to Antennas (not covered in the textbook).

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ReferencesUndergraduate Electromagnetics Textbooks:• M.N.O. Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetics”, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, New York, 2001.

• W.H. Hayt and J.A. Buck, “Engineering Electromagnetics”, 6th edition, McGraw‐Hill, New York, 2001.

• K.R. Demarest, "Engineering Electromagnetics", Prentice‐Hall, 1998.  

• J.D. Kraus, "Electromagnetics", 4th edition, McGraw‐Hill, 1992.

Why consult another textbook?• You don’t understand the explanation in the Inan book.• You want a different point of view than given by Inan.• You want to find some additional problems.• You want a textbook dealing with Antennas, which is not covered in Inan. 

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Background Material for ELEC 353

• E. Bogatin, “Signal Integrity – Simplified”, Prentice‐Hall, 2004.

• B. Young, “Digital Signal Integrity”, Prentice‐Hall, 2001.• H. Johnson and M. Graham, “High‐Speed Digital Design – A Handbook of Black Magic”, Prentice‐Hall, 1993.

• H. Johnson and M. Graham, “High‐Speed Signal Propagation, Advanced Black Magic”, Prentice‐Hall, 2003.

• W.J. Dally and J.W. Poulton, “Digital Systems Engineering”, Cambridge University Press, 1998. 

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Learning Outcomes

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1.Analyze transmission‐line circuits in the time domain with step and pulse excitation.

2.Design matched loads to prevent reflection and preserve signal integrity. 

3.Analyze transmission‐line circuits in the frequency domain.4.Design matching circuits in the frequency domain.5.Analyze the signal strengths for a plane wave traveling in 

lossless and in lossy materials.6.Analyse reflection and transmission from a lossy half‐space and 

a wall.7.Describe antenna performance with the gain, the radiation 

pattern and the return loss.8.Design wireless links with the Friis Transmission Equation. 

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Grading SchemeTutorial Workshops 10 Must be handed in at the end of each

tutorial. Class Test 30 Thursday February 18, 2016

Final Examination 60

Total 100

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Tutorials start this week on Friday January 8.

There is a tutorial tomorrow!

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Tutorial Workshop Problems• In each tutorial you will be given a problem to solve.

• You will solve the problem during the tutorial and hand in your answer at the end of the tutorial.

• The tutorial problems will count for 10 marks. • There will be 12 tutorial workshops and 12 tutorial problem sets.  Your mark will be found by taking the best 10 of the grades that you earn for the tutorial problems.

First tutorial: Friday January 8, 15:15‐16:058

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How to Get an A in ELEC353• Read the textbook. Stay ahead of the lectures. • Attend the lectures:

• The lectures cover the course material comprehensively and include sample problems that are solved in class.

• Writing notes in class will help you to remember the lecture material. • Attend the tutorial workshops:

• The workshops help you to keep up with the course week by week.• The workshops let you earn some marks for the workshop problems.• The workshop problems help you to get started with the homework 

problems.• Do the homework problems:

• Engineering is learn by doing so you can develop you skills by doing the homework problems.

• Check you work against the solutions posted on the course web site.

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Broad Learning ObjectivesLearn about “distributed circuit analysis” and “travelling waves”:

• Waves on circuit boards – wave equation, speed of travel, time delay, reflection and transmission 

– waves in the time domain– waves in the frequency domain

• Waves in space: – wave equation, plane waves travelling through space– frequency domain

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Specific Learning ObjectivesDistributed  circuit analysis for waves on circuit boards:• Time domain: Understand how reflections on circuit interconnections give rise to timing hazards and other errors in logic circuits. 

• Frequency domain: Learn how to use A.C. circuit  analysis to understand problems on circuit interconnections. 

Waves in Space• Electromagnetic wave travelling through space.• Antennas and wireless links.

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The Big Picture• Accreditation: 

– Engineers Canada: affiliation of the provincial licencing boards such as the Ordre des Ingenieurs du Quebec and the Professional Engineers of Ontario. 

– Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board– Accreditation of B.Eng programs every six years

• Graduate Attributes: – What at are we trying to teach you?– Each course teaches one or more of the Graduate Attributes.

– Individual students are not assessed and there is no individual “grade”.

– Instead the class as a whole is assessed. 15

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Engineering Graduate AttributesA Problem Analysis: An ability to identify, formulate, research and solve complex 

engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions.B Investigation: An ability to conduct investigations of complex problems including 

design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of information to provide valid conclusions. 

C Design: An ability to design solutions for complex engineering problems and to design systems, components or processes that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

D Use of Resources: An ability to use appropriate knowledge and information to convert, utilize and manage resources optimally through effective analysis, interpretation and decision‐making. 

E Engineering Tool Usage: An ability to create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering tools, including prediction and modeling, to a range of engineering activities, from simple to complex, with an understanding of the associated limitations. 

F Individual and Team Work: An ability to function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams and in multi‐disciplinary settings. 

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Engineering Graduate AttributesG Communication: An ability to communicate effectively on complex engineering activities 

within the profession and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and effectively respond to clear instructions.

H Professionalism: An understanding of the roles and responsibilities of the professional engineer in society, including the primary role of protection of the public. 

I Impact of Engineering on Society and the Environment: An understanding of the impact that engineering in all its forms makes on the environmental, economic, social, health, safety, legal and cultural aspirations of society, of the attendant uncertainties in the prediction of such impacts and the consequent responsibilities relevant to engineering practice, and the concepts of sustainable development and environmental stewardship and the need for both in the context of engineering practice. 

J Ethics: An understanding and commitment to professional ethics and accountability, equity, public and worker safety and health considerations, and responsibilities and norms of engineering practice. 

K Engineering Economics and Project Management: An ability to appropriately incorporate management, economic and business practices, such as project, risk and change management into the practice of engineering, and to appropriately account for the limitations associated with such practices. 

L Life Long Learning: A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in, life‐long learning. 

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Graduate Attribute for ELEC 353• The “graduate skill” for ELEC353 is “life‐long learning”, also called “self 

learning”.  • Self learning includes reading textbooks, doing problems, and in a broader 

professional sense reading professional magazines and research journals, attending short courses and workshops, and attending conferences.

• To practice  self learning in ELEC353, you are responsible for: – Vector calculus – A.C. circuit analysis 

• These topics will not be covered in the lectures.  You must study them on your own to practice “self learning”.

• Study the textbook on vector calculus and do some homework problems.  Review the ENGR233 course on vector calculus. 

• Study the textbook from ELEC273 Basic Circuit Analysis on A.C. Circuits:– Complex numbers and complex arithmetic– Phasors and impedance– Solving A.C. circuits with complex arithmetic.

• There will be exam questions that use this material, on both the midterm and final exam.

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Ethics and ProfessionalismThe Four Core Values of the Ordre des Ingenieurs du Quebec

• Competence• Responsibility• Ethical conduct• Social commitment 

Ethics: • Disciplined dealing with moral duty.• Moral Principles or Practice.• System of right behavior.

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Professionalism• You are training to become a professional engineer.• We expect you to behave like a professional throughout your university career.

• Professionalism:– The conduct, aims or qualities that characterize a professional person.

• What characterizes a “professional”?– a professional accepts responsibility fully – does not blame others for failure.– a professional is competent ‐ gets the correct answer.– a professional is reliable ‐ gets the job done on time.– a professional does not offer excuses in lieu of completed work.– a professional follows up on all the details.– a professional works independently – finds out what he/she does not know.– a professional is resourceful.– a professional has initiative.– a professional is respectful to others.– a professional has high standards of ethical behavior – does not lie or cheat.– a professional does not steal the work of others and present it as his own.– a professional succeeds in spite of obstacles and road blocks.– a professional has justifiable self‐confidence.

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PART 1Waves on Circuit Interconnections

in the Time Domain

• Time delay• When is time delay significant?• Wave equation and travelling waves• Timing problems and intersymbol interference.

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Point of View in ELEC 353

• Every “interconnection” path on a circuit board is a communications channel.

• Each “interconnect” is characterized by:– Time domain: the impulse response– Frequency domain: the transfer function  

th

jH 25

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Equivalent Circuit for an Interconnection

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Typical Response of a Circuit Interconnection

Parameters:

step function from 0 to 10 volts starting at t=0

internal resistance of the “talker” chip, use 1  ohm

length of the interconnection path, say 2 cm

“characteristic resistance” of the interconnection path (?????????)Use 50 ohms.

speed of travel of a voltage on the interconnection path (???????) Use 20 cm/ns

input resistance of the “listener” chip, which is high for CMOS logic.Use 1000 ohms.

sV

sR

L

cRZ 0

u

LR27

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Step Response

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Questions:

• What is the physics of this behavior?• How does it arise from circuit analysis?• How do you solve circuits such as this one?

Time domain?Frequency domain?

• What determines the speed of travel?• What is ‘characteristic resistance’?• How do you design the circuit to avoid this behavior?

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Lumped circuit analysis or distributed circuit analysis?

Lumped circuit analysis: ELEC 273

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Distributed circuit analysis:

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Learning objectives:•What gives rise to capacitance-per-unit-length? To inductance-per-unit-length?•How do we account for capacitance and inductance?

•“distributed” circuit analysis.•Learn that the voltages on a circuit interconnect behave as travelling waves. •Learn to solve distributed circuits in the time domain:

•Reflections at loads, re-reflections at the generator• Learn to solve distributed circuits in the frequency domain:

•Reflected waves and standing waves

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